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Purified bone marrow stem cells from a male mouse are grown near injured liver from a female mouse, but separated by a fine filter.
After 8 hours, some cells are making liver proteins, marked with green. And after 48 hours, more are differentiating into liver cells.
Green and red show liver-specific proteins.
So bone marrow stem cells can develop into liver like cells in a dish—what about in a live animal?
100,000 purified bone marrow stem cells from a male mouse are transplanted into a female mouse with a injured liver.
Several weeks later, the liver from the female recipient mouse is examined for the presence of male liver cells—cells containing a X and Y chromosomes.
X chromosomes are pink and Y chromosomes are green. The two arrows point to male cells in this female mouse liver.