COOL Ways to See the Ocean

8/8/2019 COOL Ways to See the Ocean

1/78


2/78


3/78


4/78


5/78


6/78


7/78

Covers 71% of the Earth'ssurface.

Contains 97% of the Earth'swater.

Has an average depth of 12,430 feet.

Makes up 99% of the livingspace on the planet.

Has had less than 10%explored by humans.

Our Global Ocean


8/78

H ow many Oceans are there?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

4%

0% 0%

26%

4%

7%

0%

26%

4%

30%

1. One2. Two3. Three4. Four 5. Five6. Six7. Seven8. Eight9. Nine10. Ten +


9/78

H ow many Oceans are there?

ONE!


10/78

Qu ickTi

c r ss r r

t s t

is ictur .


11/78

86%

14%

1 2

I f you cut off M t. Everest at its base, andplace it in the deepest part of the ocean,would there still be water covering the topof the mountain?

1. Yes2. No


12/78

H ow do weH ow do we

study thestudy theOcean?Ocean?

H ow do weH ow do we

study thestudy theOcean?Ocean?


13/78

A bout how much of the ocean hasbeen explored by humans?

1 2 3 4 5

4% 8% 40%36%12%1. 100%2. 80%3. 50%

4. 25%5. 10%


14/78

T he Early Years


15/78


16/78


17/78


18/78

Alvin1964-Present 4,585 dives

Depths of 15,000 ft


19/78

Ship-based Oceanography

Advantages W e can see exactly

whats going on atthat moment.

W e can make manymeasurements atonce.

W e can obtain high-resolution data.

Disadvantages Its expensive!During storms, even

Oceanographerscan get seasick.

W e only see whats

going on when wereout there.


20/78


21/78

Cool new tools toCool new tools to

study thestudy theOceanOcean

Cool new tools toCool new tools to

study thestudy theOceanOcean


22/78

Satellitesin

Space

SurfaceCurrentRadars

Underwater RoboticGliders

A collection of instruments andmodels that provide long-termcontinuous data often in real-timeor near real-time.

Ocean Observatories


23/78

Satellite DataSatellite DataSea Surface T emperatureSea Surface T emperature


24/78

Rutgers Satellite Systems

XX--B andB and(installed 2003)(installed 2003)

Aq uaAq uaTerraTerraOceansatOceansat

LL--B andB and((installed 1992 installed 1992 ))

NO AANO AA--1515NO AANO AA--1717NO AANO AA--1818

FY1FY1- -DD

Tracking & ProcessingTracking & ProcessingComputersComputers


25/78

OCM Chlorophyll India

MODIS MODIS RGB RGBUSAUSA

FY1-Dch7:ch9China

AVHRR AVHRR --SST SST US AUS A

Seeing the Ocean in Color


26/78

T he Ocean T oday

Temperature Chlorophyll


27/78

6%

6%

89%

0%

What determines how strong ahurricane will become?

1. Unstable air masses2. W arm ocean temperatures3. H ow close the Sun is to the Earth4. The sea level


28/78

H urricane Katrina (2005)

Q uickTime and aYUV420 codec decompressor

are needed to see this picture.


29/78

1 2 3 4

11%

0%

32%

58%

Where does most of the EarthsOxygen come from?

1. Rain Forests2. The Ocean3. Land Plants4. Dont Know


30/78

Land & Ocean Primary Production

Qu ickTiY c c c r ss r r t s t is ict ur .


31/78

T he Global Biosphere


32/78


33/78

T he COD A R Surface Current Network

Transmitter Antenna Receiver Antenna

A network of beach antennas along the entire Mid -Atlantic coast is able tomeasure ocean surface currents out to a range of 200km.


34/78

Standard RangeStandard Range1.5 km resolution1.5 km resolutionradial range 50kmradial range 50km

Long RangeLong Range6 km resolution6 km resolution

radial range 190 kmradial range 190 km


35/78

NO AAC OD AR

SL DMB

Using Currentsfor Search & Rescue

Qu i ir r

r t t i i tu r .


36/78

Underwater Gliders

A New W ay to Explore the Ocean


37/78

21 %

%16 %

16 %

2 %

11 %

I n what year did the first underwaterrobot cross an ocean?

1. 19272. 19603. 1999

4. 20055. 20096. It hasnt happened yet


38/78

H ow does aH ow does a

Gliderwork?work?

H ow does aH ow does a

Gliderwork?work?


39/78

CTD

Fore H ull

A ltimeter

A ir Bladder

ControlBoard

SciencePayload Bay

Fin

Cowling A ft H ull

BuoyancyPump

Antenna ( Iridium,Freewave, GPS &

A rgos)

A natomy of a Glider


40/78


41/78


42/78

Buoyancy pump in theglider pulls in 0.5 L of water

Glider begins todive downward

Push pump out glider inflectsand begins to climb to the surface

one dive and one

climb is called a yo

When surfacing toconnect glider inflates

air bladder

H ow do Gliders F ly?

Q u i i

i i ure.

Q u i

i e and aH .2 6

decompressor are needed to see th is p icture.


43/78

Iridium Antenna

ARGOS and F reeWave Antennas

H ow do Gliders Communicate?


44/78

Q uickT ime and aH.264 decompressor

are needed to see th is p icture.


45/78

Sustained Observatory Operations from Multiple Locations

McDonald s WiFi

My Living Room Glider Recovery in Hawaii


46/78

Building an International CommunityEx citing the Ne x t Generation in Science and E ngineering


47/78

RU15T he first glider to fly from one country to another


48/78

M ission Complete: Scarlet K night is the f irst u nderwater robot to cross an ocean basin

22 1 Days7,409 km11,000 Dives11,000 Climbs

Energy equivalent of 8 minutes of power for lights on the R ockefeller

Center Tree.

T uckerton, New Jersey, USA Baiona, Galicia, Spain


49/78

Qu ickTi e and aDV/DVCPRO -

T

C de co pr e ss or a r e needed to s ee this pictur e .

T he T rack of RU27


50/78

A heros Welcome, December 9, 2 009

M ission Complete: Scarlet K night is the f irst u nderwater robot to cross an ocean basin

R tg Th St t U i it f N J


51/78

D ocu menting the StoryD ena Seidel, Writers House

Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey


52/78

Why do weWhy do westudy thestudy the

Ocean?Ocean?

Why do weWhy do westudy thestudy the

Ocean?Ocean?


53/78

0 %

0 %0 %

0 %

0 %

0 %

What is the biggest problem facingthe ocean today?

1. Over fishing2. Pollution3. Climate Change

4. Melting Sea Ice5. Sea Level Rise6. Ocean Acidification

Answer

Now


54/78

A nnual sea ice minimum2007

Annual sea ice minimum1980

T he Ocean is changing


55/78


56/78


57/78


58/78

-0.2 0.2Temperature trends per year


59/78

J uvenile krill in under-ice refugeGreatest biomass of single animal species on planet

KRILL

SALP


60/78


61/78

1 2 3 4 5

0% 0% 0%0%0%

What is the primary source of ocean oilpollution caused by human activities?

1. Accidental spills fromships like the ExxonValdez

2. Leaks from offshore oilrigs and pipelines

3. Cars & run-off from land4. Operational discharges

from ships5. A tmospheric deposition

from vehicle exhaust

AnswerNow


62/78

1. Accidental spills fromships like the ExxonValdez

2. Leaks from offshore oilrigs and pipelines

3. Cars & run-off from land4. Operational discharges

from ships5. A tmospheric deposition

from vehicle exhaust6. Natural Seeps

9 150

3 38

54 1406 270

21 52

U.S. W orldwide

Data from Oil in the Sea III (NRC 2002)

160 600

A nnual Releases (1990-1999)in thousands of tonnes


63/78

Oil Seeps in the Gulf of M exico

D t H i


64/78

Deepwater H orizonOil Spill

June 19, 2010

May 19, 2010


65/78


66/78

Ocean M odels


67/78


68/78

ConclusionsThe ocean is a large, complex and interconnectedecosystemScientists are able to use new tools to observe theocean in greater detailThese tools are helping us understand how humansare impacting the ocean and climate


69/78


70/78


71/78


72/78


73/78

Biofouling


74/78

RemorasRemora are visual predators, andcannot see well at night. To help movethrough the night, they attachthemselves to other fish to get a freeride.


75/78


76/78

North A tlantic Phytoplankton Bloom

Deep-sea tubeworms

Pelagic fish


77/78

0%

0%

0%

0%

What percentage of the world gets theirprimary source of protein from fish?

1. Less than 1%2. 5%3. 15%4. 25%

Answer

Now


78/78

Real-time Underwater Data RU10

Documents

COOL Ways to See the Ocean