Copy the following onto the top half of NB p. 77

Copy the following onto the top half of NB p. 77.

Washington’s Farewell Address

What he urged the country to do

Why he was concerned

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• political party –

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• foreign policy –

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The FederalistsThe Democratic-

Republicans

Leader Allow 2 lines

Supporters Allow 2 lines

Interpretation of the Constitution

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The common people

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The national bank Allow 2 lines

The national government

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Who should run the government

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The economy Allow 2 lines

Section 9.3: The Federalists in

Charge

Today we will explain how Washington's

retirement led to the formation of political

parties.

Lesson 9.3a

Vocabulary

• political party – a group of people that tries to promote its ideas and influence government, and also backs candidates for office

• foreign policy – relations with the governments of other countries

• domestic – coming from one’s own country

Check for Understanding

• What are we going to do today?

• Name an important political party.

• What country’s foreign policy is or once was hostile to the United States?

• What is a domestic wine?

What is foreign policy?What is foreign policy?

Foreign policy is way in which the governments of different countries relate

to each other.

Foreign policy is way in which the governments of different countries relate

to each other.

What is a political party?What is a political party?

A political party is a group of people that tries to promote its ideas and influence government, and also backs candidates

for office.

A political party is a group of people that tries to promote its ideas and influence government, and also backs candidates

for office.

What We Already Know

The members of our country’s first presidential cabinet were very talented men.

The members of our country’s first presidential cabinet were very talented men.

What We Already Know

Jefferson and Hamilton had first

clashed over several parts of

Hamilton’s financial plan.

Jefferson and Hamilton had first

clashed over several parts of

Hamilton’s financial plan.

What We Already KnowWhat We Already Know

They also disagreed over which side the United States should support in the new

war between France and Britain.

They also disagreed over which side the United States should support in the new

war between France and Britain.

In 1789, Washington had

come to the presidency greatly

admired by the American people.

In 1789, Washington had

come to the presidency greatly

admired by the American people.

During his second term, however, opponents of

Jay’s Treaty led attacks on the

president.

Supporters of the French Revolution also

criticized him for his neutrality policy.

Supporters of the French Revolution also

criticized him for his neutrality policy.

Cabinet members Jefferson and Hamilton disagreed over many issues,

starting with the national bank.

Cabinet members Jefferson and Hamilton disagreed over many issues,

starting with the national bank.

Only George Washington’s leadership made it possible for the two men to work together in the

cabinet.

Only George Washington’s leadership made it possible for the two men to work together in the

cabinet.

In 1796, President George Washington decided to retire.

• He had served two terms in office and wanted to return to his quiet life as a wealthy Virginia planter.

• But as he left office, he had two fears for the future of the nation.

• He had served two terms in office and wanted to return to his quiet life as a wealthy Virginia planter.

• But as he left office, he had two fears for the future of the nation.

Washington’s FearsWashington’s Fears

• He feared what would happen if the United States made alliances with foreign countries.

• He feared what would happen if people ever formed political parties.

• He feared what would happen if the United States made alliances with foreign countries.

• He feared what would happen if people ever formed political parties.

Washington’s ‘Farewell Address’Washington’s ‘Farewell Address’

• He urged the nation to remain neutral and “steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world.”

• He warned that agreements with foreign nations might work against U.S. interests.

• His advice guided U.S. foreign policy into the 20th Century.

Washington also warned against forming political parties.

• During his second term, divisions between his cabinet began to create political parties.

• In his Farewell Address, Washington warned of the dangers of political division, or what he termed “the spirit of party.”

• Despite his advice, political parties became a part of American politics.

• During his second term, divisions between his cabinet began to create political parties.

• In his Farewell Address, Washington warned of the dangers of political division, or what he termed “the spirit of party.”

• Despite his advice, political parties became a part of American politics.

Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

10. What two pieces of advice did Washington give in his Farewell

Address?

10. What two pieces of advice did Washington give in his Farewell

Address?

A. Avoid political parties and divisions.

B. The country must abandon slavery.

C. The country should remain neutral.

D. Settle the West as rapidly as possible.

E. The nation must not to violate the treaties they had signed with Native Americans.

A. Avoid political parties and divisions.

B. The country must abandon slavery.

C. The country should remain neutral.

D. Settle the West as rapidly as possible.

E. The nation must not to violate the treaties they had signed with Native Americans.

Why did Washington favor neutrality with other countries?

A. Alliances with other nations might work against American interests.

B. Neutrality would be the best way to promote trade with European nations.

C. The United States was powerful enough and had no need for help from other nations.

D. Most European nations were dishonest and could not be trusted.

A. Alliances with other nations might work against American interests.

B. Neutrality would be the best way to promote trade with European nations.

C. The United States was powerful enough and had no need for help from other nations.

D. Most European nations were dishonest and could not be trusted.

Growth of Political Parties

• Despite Washington’s warning against political parties, Americans were deeply divided over how the nation should be run.

• During Washington’s first term, Hamilton and Jefferson had hotly debated the direction the new nation should take.

• During Washington’s second term, Jefferson resigned and Madison took his place in the cabinet and in the debates with Hamilton.

Growth of Political Parties

• As Hamilton and Madison argued, other Americans gathered around whichever of these two men they agreed with.

• Their differences on foreign and domestic policy led to the nation’s first political parties.

• As Hamilton and Madison argued, other Americans gathered around whichever of these two men they agreed with.

• Their differences on foreign and domestic policy led to the nation’s first political parties.


11. What led to the rise of political parties?

A. The growing expense of election campaigns

B. Disagreements over which class of people should run the nation

C. Different views on economic policy

D. Differing interpretations of the Constitution

E. Washington’s favoritism toward Jefferson

Choose all that are true!

The new political parties were the Federalists and the Democratic-

Republicans.

Hamilton Jefferson and Madison

Together, Jefferson and Madison founded the Democratic-

Republican Party.

The party name reflected their strong belief in

democracy, states’ rights, and their concern for individual liberties.

James Madison

Hamilton continued to lead the Federalists.

Hamilton’s followers kept the name

‘Federalists’ from the days of the ratification

debate.

The supporters of the Federalists

included lawyers, merchants,

manufacturers, and the wealthy.

The supporters of the Federalists

included lawyers, merchants,

manufacturers, and the wealthy.

The Federalists and the Government

The Federalists supported a stronger national government, with more power than

the state governments.

Jefferson and Hamilton disagreed over interpretation of the Constitution.

• Hamilton was a loose constructionist, and claimed the elastic clause gave Congress broad legislative powers.

• Jefferson was a strict constructionist, who wanted to keep the powers of government.

• Hamilton was a loose constructionist, and claimed the elastic clause gave Congress broad legislative powers.

• Jefferson was a strict constructionist, who wanted to keep the powers of government.

These differences became clear when Hamilton called for Congress

to charter a national bank.

These differences became clear when Hamilton called for Congress

to charter a national bank.

• Jefferson opposed the bank on the grounds it was unconstitutional.

• Congress, however, voted in favor of Hamilton’s bank proposal.

• Jefferson opposed the bank on the grounds it was unconstitutional.

• Congress, however, voted in favor of Hamilton’s bank proposal.

The Federalist Party and the Common People

• Federalists saw the common people as dangerously unstable.

• They believed the wealthy and the well-educated should have the greater voice in government, because they would be more likely to govern well than the common people.

• Federalists saw the common people as dangerously unstable.

• They believed the wealthy and the well-educated should have the greater voice in government, because they would be more likely to govern well than the common people.

• Hamilton wanted a United States in which the economy was based on manufacturing, trade, and cities.

• Hamilton wanted a United States in which the economy was based on manufacturing, trade, and cities.

As a former banker and businessman, Hamilton had a distinct vision of the

nation’s future.

As a former banker and businessman, Hamilton had a distinct vision of the

nation’s future.

The Democratic-Republicans viewed government and society differently.

• They feared that a strong government could lead to monarchy, or to rule by the wealthy upper classes.

• They wanted more power given to the states.

Unlike the Federalists, they trusted the common people.

Unlike the Federalists, they trusted the common people.

• The Democratic-Republicans saw in the common people a great deal of honesty and good judgment, so they wanted them to have a large role in government.

• Their ideas drew farmers, shopkeepers, workers, and recent immigrants to the new party.

• The Democratic-Republicans saw in the common people a great deal of honesty and good judgment, so they wanted them to have a large role in government.

• Their ideas drew farmers, shopkeepers, workers, and recent immigrants to the new party.

Unlike Hamilton, Jefferson and Madison pictured a rural nation of

planters and farmers.

Unlike Hamilton, Jefferson and Madison pictured a rural nation of

planters and farmers.

They believed such people would make good, honest citizens that could not be corrupted by bribes

and political promises.

They believed such people would make good, honest citizens that could not be corrupted by bribes

and political promises.


Who were the supporters of the Federalists?

Who were the supporters of the Federalists?

Choose all that are true!Choose all that are true!

A. FarmersB. ManufacturersC. ImmigrantsD. The working classesE. Merchants


Who supported the Democratic-Republicans?

Choose all that are true!Choose all that are true!



How did Jefferson and Hamilton disagree over the government?

A. Hamilton wanted state governments to have more power.

B. Hamilton wanted a strong central government.

C. Jefferson wanted to limit the power of state governments.

D. Jefferson feared that a strong federal government could lead to tyranny.

A. Hamilton wanted state governments to have more power.

B. Hamilton wanted a strong central government.

C. Jefferson wanted to limit the power of state governments.

D. Jefferson feared that a strong federal government could lead to tyranny.


How did Jefferson and Hamilton disagree over the Constitution?

A. Hamilton was a strict constructionist.B. Jefferson was a strict constructionist.C. Jefferson was a loose constructionist.D. Hamilton did not support the elastic

clause.

A. Hamilton was a strict constructionist.B. Jefferson was a strict constructionist.C. Jefferson was a loose constructionist.D. Hamilton did not support the elastic

clause.

How did Jefferson and Hamilton disagree over the national bank?

A. Hamilton opposed it as unconstitutional.B. Jefferson opposed it as unconstitutional. C. Jefferson supported it because of the

elastic clause.D. Hamilton claimed it violated the elastic

clause.

A. Hamilton opposed it as unconstitutional.B. Jefferson opposed it as unconstitutional. C. Jefferson supported it because of the

elastic clause.D. Hamilton claimed it violated the elastic

clause.

How did Hamilton and the Federalists view the common people?

A. As people with little talent and no ambition to improve their situation

B. As a frightening and unstable mob

C. As good, honest people filled with common sense

D. As the citizens best suited for government

A. As people with little talent and no ambition to improve their situation




How did Jefferson’s Democratic-Republicans see the common people?

A. As people who would quickly give their support to a tyrant




A. As people who would quickly give their support to a tyrant





How did Jefferson and Hamilton disagree over the right direction

for America’s future?

A. Hamilton favored a nation of cities, trade, and manufacturing.

B. Hamilton wanted to stop the nation’s expansion at the Mississippi River.

C. Jefferson pictured a rural nation of planters and farmers.

D. Jefferson favored a nation of small businessmen.






How did Jefferson and Hamilton disagree over America’s future?










Documents

Copy the following onto the top half of NB p. 77