Copyright © 2006 PE Resources Limited Wellbeing: A variety of concepts including Hauora and the links to physical activity and health promotion

Copyright © 2006 PE Resources LCopyright © 2006 PE Resources Limitedimited

Wellbeing: A variety of Wellbeing: A variety of concepts including concepts including Hauora and the links to Hauora and the links to physical activity and physical activity and health promotionhealth promotion..


Class Class questions/discussionsquestions/discussions

What is health?What is health?

What is wellbeing?What is wellbeing?

What is hauora?What is hauora?

Does fit=health?Does fit=health?

Does health=physical health?Does health=physical health?

Do cultures differ on definitions of health?Do cultures differ on definitions of health?


Defining health.Defining health.

HealthHealth is a term that refers to a combination of is a term that refers to a combination of the absence of illness, the ability to cope with the absence of illness, the ability to cope with everyday activities, physical fitness, and high everyday activities, physical fitness, and high quality of life. In any organism, health can be quality of life. In any organism, health can be said to be a "state of balance," or analogous to said to be a "state of balance," or analogous to homeostasis, and it also implies good homeostasis, and it also implies good prospects for continued survival. Wellness is a prospects for continued survival. Wellness is a term sometimes used to describe the term sometimes used to describe the psychological state of being healthy, but is psychological state of being healthy, but is most often used in the field of alternative most often used in the field of alternative medicine to describe one's state of being.medicine to describe one's state of being.

Wikipedia 2006Wikipedia 2006


TodayToday

Wellbeing and health beliefs and Wellbeing and health beliefs and practices encompass a variety of views practices encompass a variety of views and focuses in New Zealand society and focuses in New Zealand society today. This is due in part to New Zealand today. This is due in part to New Zealand being a multicultural society. We will look being a multicultural society. We will look at a number of these beliefs and at a number of these beliefs and practices. We will also focus on “Hauora” practices. We will also focus on “Hauora” as a concept of health. as a concept of health.


Looking at practices for Looking at practices for improving wellbeingimproving wellbeing

Practices include Practices include some of the following some of the following ways to improve ways to improve wellbeing.wellbeing.


Physical activity.Physical activity.


DietDiet


AromatherapyAromatherapy


Family wellbeingFamily wellbeing


Music.Music.


Keeping safeKeeping safe


NaturopathyNaturopathy


Light therapy.Light therapy.


ReflexologyReflexology


Tai-ChiTai-Chi


Acupuncture.Acupuncture.


YogaYoga


Balance of challenges Balance of challenges and supportand support


Many of these practices…Many of these practices…

Support “Healthism” Support “Healthism” as a belief.as a belief.


HealthismHealthism

Healthism is a set of Healthism is a set of assumptions based on assumptions based on the belief that health is the belief that health is solely an individual solely an individual responsibility. It includes responsibility. It includes the concept of the body the concept of the body as a machine that is as a machine that is influenced only by influenced only by physical factors. physical factors.

(Health and Physical (Health and Physical Education. The curriculum in Education. The curriculum in action. Making meaning: action. Making meaning: Making a difference. (2004)Making a difference. (2004)


HealthismHealthism

'Healthism' means 'Healthism' means that personal health that personal health was essentially was essentially conceived as the conceived as the responsibility of the responsibility of the individual and the individual and the choices made by the choices made by the individual about individual about personal lifestyle. personal lifestyle.

http://www.deakin.edu.au/education/crt-pe/http://www.deakin.edu.au/education/crt-pe/teaching/individual.htmteaching/individual.htm


HealthismHealthism

Based on the assumption that Physical Based on the assumption that Physical Education contributes to better health because Education contributes to better health because exercise = fitness = health, the notion of exercise = fitness = health, the notion of healthism in Physical Education is shown in the healthism in Physical Education is shown in the belief that people who do not exercise and/or belief that people who do not exercise and/or are 'out of shape' have only themselves to are 'out of shape' have only themselves to blame. An individual's physical fitness is seen blame. An individual's physical fitness is seen to be solely the individual's responsibility. to be solely the individual's responsibility.

http://www.deakin.edu.au/education/crt-pe/teaching/individual.htmhttp://www.deakin.edu.au/education/crt-pe/teaching/individual.htm


InfluencesInfluences

We are therefore We are therefore going to look at the going to look at the social and social and environmental environmental influences on an influences on an individual’s personal individual’s personal health.health.


Challenging “Healthism”Challenging “Healthism”

We are going to question “healthism”, We are going to question “healthism”, and the assumptions and conceptions and the assumptions and conceptions that have been made about health and that have been made about health and wellbeing through time in western wellbeing through time in western civilisation. We will identify ways in which civilisation. We will identify ways in which the social, mental and emotional, and the social, mental and emotional, and spiritual dimensions of hauora affect spiritual dimensions of hauora affect people's physical health and fitness. people's physical health and fitness.


Social DeterminantsSocial Determinants

As well as focusing As well as focusing on the social and on the social and environmental environmental influences we can influences we can look at the difference look at the difference an individual can an individual can make. This is based make. This is based on “healthism” as a on “healthism” as a belief as stated belief as stated earlier.earlier.


Focus on the individualFocus on the individual

Thus, health is maintained through the Thus, health is maintained through the science and practice of medicine, but can science and practice of medicine, but can also be improved by individual effort. also be improved by individual effort. Physical fitness, weight loss, healthy Physical fitness, weight loss, healthy eating, stress management training and eating, stress management training and stopping smoking and other substance stopping smoking and other substance abuse are examples of steps to improve abuse are examples of steps to improve one's health. one's health.

Wikipedia 2006Wikipedia 2006


Cont…Cont…

Workplace programs are recognized by an Workplace programs are recognized by an increasingly large number of companies for increasingly large number of companies for their value in improving health and well-being their value in improving health and well-being of their employees, and increasing morale, of their employees, and increasing morale, loyalty and productivity at work. A company loyalty and productivity at work. A company may provide a gym with exercise equipment, may provide a gym with exercise equipment, start smoking cessation programs, provide start smoking cessation programs, provide nutrition, weight or stress management nutrition, weight or stress management training. Other programs may include health training. Other programs may include health risk assessments, health screenings and body risk assessments, health screenings and body mass index monitoring. mass index monitoring. Wikipedia 2006Wikipedia 2006


Balanced concept of Balanced concept of wellbeingwellbeing

We are going to We are going to move towards a move towards a more balanced more balanced concept of wellbeing.concept of wellbeing.


Hauora as a concept Hauora as a concept of wellbeing.of wellbeing.


HauoraHauora

This concept is more This concept is more balanced and is balanced and is similar to the holistic similar to the holistic views held by Asian views held by Asian society through time. society through time.


We will look at self, We will look at self, others and society others and society and we will complete and we will complete a variety of activities a variety of activities to develop our to develop our understanding and understanding and knowledge on knowledge on “Hauora” as a “Hauora” as a concept of Wellbeing concept of Wellbeing and health.and health.


Underlying conceptsUnderlying concepts

Four concepts support the framework for learning in Four concepts support the framework for learning in Health Education and Physical Education. Health Education and Physical Education.

They are: They are: well-being, hauora; well-being, hauora; health promotion; health promotion; the socio-ecological perspective; the socio-ecological perspective; the importance of attitudes and values that promote the importance of attitudes and values that promote

hauora. hauora. (1999). (1999). Health and Physical Education in the New Zealand Curriculum.Health and Physical Education in the New Zealand Curriculum. Wellington: Learning Wellington: Learning

Media.Media.


Underlying concepts Underlying concepts


Well-beingWell-being

The concept of well-being encompasses the The concept of well-being encompasses the physical, mental and emotional, social, and physical, mental and emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions of health. This concept is spiritual dimensions of health. This concept is recognised by the World Health Organisation.recognised by the World Health Organisation.

HauoraHauora Hauora is a Māori philosophy of health unique Hauora is a Māori philosophy of health unique

to New Zealand. It comprises taha tinana, taha to New Zealand. It comprises taha tinana, taha hinengaro, taha whanau, and taha wairua. hinengaro, taha whanau, and taha wairua. (1999). (1999). Health and Physical Education in the New Zealand Curriculum.Health and Physical Education in the New Zealand Curriculum. Wellington: Wellington:

Learning Media.Learning Media.


PhysicalTaha tinana


Taha tinana - Physical well-Taha tinana - Physical well-beingbeing

The physical body, The physical body, its growth, its growth, development, and development, and ability to move, and ability to move, and ways of caring for it.ways of caring for it.

(1999). (1999). Health and Physical Health and Physical Education in the New Zealand Education in the New Zealand Curriculum.Curriculum. Wellington: Learning Wellington: Learning

Media.Media.


Physical Wellbeing –Physical Wellbeing –taking it further.taking it further.

An example of a part of physical An example of a part of physical wellbeing is…Most of us have a number wellbeing is…Most of us have a number of physiological and structural of physiological and structural characteristics we can call on to help us characteristics we can call on to help us complete a wide range of activities that complete a wide range of activities that are involved in everyday tasks and other are involved in everyday tasks and other activities. Among these characteristics activities. Among these characteristics are the components of fitness (Health are the components of fitness (Health and skill related).and skill related).


Health related fitnessHealth related fitness

The health-related The health-related fitness components are fitness components are cardio respiratory enduracardio respiratory endurancence, , body compositionbody composition, , muscular endurance,muscular endurance, muscular strengthmuscular strength, , andand flexibilityflexibility. Exercise often . Exercise often implies that vigorous implies that vigorous conditioningconditioning routines are routines are needed to achieve needed to achieve fitnesfitnesss and and healthhealth benefits. benefits.

Health related fitnessHealth related fitness

The health-related fitness The health-related fitness components are components are cardio cardio respiratory endurance, respiratory endurance, body composition, body composition, muscular endurance, muscular endurance, muscular strength, muscular strength, andand flexibilityflexibility. Exercise often . Exercise often implies that vigorous implies that vigorous conditioning conditioning routines are routines are needed to achieve needed to achieve fitnessfitness and and healthhealth benefits. benefits.

The health-related fitness The health-related fitness components are components are cardio cardio respiratory endurance, respiratory endurance, body composition, body composition, muscular endurance, muscular endurance, muscular strength, muscular strength, andand flexibilityflexibility. Exercise often . Exercise often implies that vigorous implies that vigorous conditioning conditioning routines are routines are needed to achieve needed to achieve fitnessfitness and and healthhealth benefits. benefits.


Skill related fitnessSkill related fitness Skill-related fitness Skill-related fitness

includes fitness elements includes fitness elements such as agility, balance, such as agility, balance, speed, and coordination. speed, and coordination. While these elements are While these elements are important for participation important for participation in various performance-in various performance-related activities, they related activities, they may have little may have little significance for the day-significance for the day-to-day tasks of most to-day tasks of most people or their general people or their general health.health.


Physical Wellbeing –Physical Wellbeing –taking it further.taking it further.

In certain situations the physical may be In certain situations the physical may be considered the most important and the considered the most important and the dimension we have more control over. dimension we have more control over. This may be why traditional medicine for This may be why traditional medicine for centuries has equated health with the centuries has equated health with the design and operation of the body. design and operation of the body. (Healthism).(Healthism).


SpiritualTaha wairua


Taha wairua - Spiritual well-Taha wairua - Spiritual well-beingbeing

The values and beliefs that determine the way The values and beliefs that determine the way people live, the search for meaning and people live, the search for meaning and purpose in life, and personal identity and self-purpose in life, and personal identity and self-awareness (For some individuals and awareness (For some individuals and communities, spiritual wellbeing is linked to a communities, spiritual wellbeing is linked to a particular religion; for others, it is not.) particular religion; for others, it is not.) (1999). (1999). Health Health and Physical Education in the New Zealand Curriculum.and Physical Education in the New Zealand Curriculum. Wellington: Learning Wellington: Learning

Media.Media.


Spiritual Wellbeing –Spiritual Wellbeing –taking it further.taking it further.

Although the spiritual dimension includes Although the spiritual dimension includes religious beliefs and practices, many religious beliefs and practices, many expand this to include more diverse expand this to include more diverse beliefs systems, including relationships beliefs systems, including relationships with other living things, the nature of with other living things, the nature of human behaviour, and the need and human behaviour, and the need and willingness to serve others. All of these willingness to serve others. All of these are important components of spiritual are important components of spiritual wellbeing.wellbeing.



Through nurturing our spiritual dimension of Through nurturing our spiritual dimension of hauora we may develop an expanded hauora we may develop an expanded perception of the universe and better define perception of the universe and better define our relationship to all that it contains, including our relationship to all that it contains, including other people. Development of this dimension other people. Development of this dimension may involve religion or faith, but it may also may involve religion or faith, but it may also include other focuses such as nature, art, body include other focuses such as nature, art, body movement, goal setting and achieving goals, movement, goal setting and achieving goals, being at one with nature, saving the being at one with nature, saving the environment, values and morals.environment, values and morals.



Anecdotal evidence Anecdotal evidence has shown that life has shown that life length and length and satisfaction of life is satisfaction of life is influenced by this influenced by this dimension. dimension.


Social/FamilyTaha whanau


Taha whanau - Social well-Taha whanau - Social well-beingbeing

Family relationships, Family relationships, friendships, and other friendships, and other interpersonal interpersonal relationships; feelings of relationships; feelings of belonging, compassion, belonging, compassion, and caring; and social and caring; and social support support (1999). (1999). Health and Physical Health and Physical Education in the New Zealand Curriculum.Education in the New Zealand Curriculum.

Wellington: Learning Media.Wellington: Learning Media.


Social wellbeing-taking it Social wellbeing-taking it further.further.

This dimension includes social skills and This dimension includes social skills and insights. Initially, family interactions, insights. Initially, family interactions, school experiences, and peer group school experiences, and peer group interactions foster social development. interactions foster social development. This develops later with exposure to a This develops later with exposure to a wider array of people and expanded roles wider array of people and expanded roles associated with employment, parenting, associated with employment, parenting, and community involvement.and community involvement.



This dimension enters into the This dimension enters into the nature/nurture debate as many believe nature/nurture debate as many believe that we are influenced greatly by those that we are influenced greatly by those around us rather than just what genes we around us rather than just what genes we have received. This includes, friends, have received. This includes, friends, family, groups we belong to, peers, family, groups we belong to, peers, teachers and those that we interact with teachers and those that we interact with from day to day. from day to day.



These influences can These influences can be both positive and be both positive and negative and have a negative and have a strong relationship strong relationship with our with our mental/emotional mental/emotional dimension of hauora.dimension of hauora.


Mental/emotionalTaha hinengaro


Taha hinengaro - Mental and Taha hinengaro - Mental and emotional well-beingemotional well-being

Coherent thinking Coherent thinking processes, processes, acknowledging and acknowledging and expressing thoughts expressing thoughts and feelings and and feelings and responding responding constructively constructively (1999). (1999). Health and Physical Education in the Health and Physical Education in the New Zealand Curriculum.New Zealand Curriculum. Wellington: Wellington:

Learning Media.Learning Media.


Emotional Wellbeing –Emotional Wellbeing –taking it further.taking it further.

We possess certain emotional We possess certain emotional characteristics that can help us through characteristics that can help us through the demands of daily living. The the demands of daily living. The emotional dimension includes our ability emotional dimension includes our ability to cope with stress, remain flexible, and to cope with stress, remain flexible, and compromise to resolve conflict.compromise to resolve conflict.



Influences can be positive or negative. Influences can be positive or negative. Negative influences can give rise to Negative influences can give rise to emotional vulnerability, which may lead emotional vulnerability, which may lead to feelings of rejection and failure and to feelings of rejection and failure and can reduce productivity and satisfaction. can reduce productivity and satisfaction. If influences are positive this can lead to If influences are positive this can lead to a stronger sense of wellbeing, self a stronger sense of wellbeing, self esteem and attitude to life.esteem and attitude to life.



We can all be affected by feelings such We can all be affected by feelings such as anger, happiness, fear, empathy, love, as anger, happiness, fear, empathy, love, hate and guilt. People who try to improve hate and guilt. People who try to improve their emotional wellbeing enjoy life to a their emotional wellbeing enjoy life to a much greater extent than those who let much greater extent than those who let feelings of vulnerability overwhelm them.feelings of vulnerability overwhelm them.


Emotional IntelligenceEmotional Intelligence

Emotional intelligence is becoming a more Emotional intelligence is becoming a more common term meaning, the ability to common term meaning, the ability to understand others and act wisely in human understand others and act wisely in human relationships. It includes…relationships. It includes…

Knowing your emotionsKnowing your emotions Managing your emotionsManaging your emotions Motivating yourselfMotivating yourself Recognising emotions in othersRecognising emotions in others Handling relationshipsHandling relationships


Interrelating aspects.Interrelating aspects.

These dimensions do not stand alone. These dimensions do not stand alone. Each of these four dimensions of hauora Each of these four dimensions of hauora influences and supports the others.influences and supports the others.

You will look at these interrelationships You will look at these interrelationships in the class, group activities based on in the class, group activities based on hauora, physical activity and influences hauora, physical activity and influences upon this.upon this.

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Copyright © 2006 PE Resources Limited Wellbeing: A variety of concepts including Hauora and the links to physical activity and health promotion