Copyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. OGC Standards Development and Distributed Computing Open Grid Forum 22 Cambridge,

Copyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved.Copyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved.

OGC Standards Development and OGC Standards Development and Distributed ComputingDistributed Computing

Open Grid Forum 22

Cambridge, MA

Raj Singh, PhD

February 26, 2008

Copyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved.Helping the World to Communicate Geographically

OutlineOutline

• OGC, the organization• “Foundation” standards• the Interoperability Program• OGC Web Services (OWS) Testbed• OGC-OGF common interest points


OGC, the OrganizationOGC, the Organization


Every activity happens somewhere – and “somewhen”!Every activity happens somewhere – and “somewhen”!

• Can anyone in the audience think of any earth related activity that does not have the properties of geographic location and time or that impacts a location over time?


Digital Geographic InformationDigital Geographic Information

• Various estimates, but all agree that 80 to 90% of all data maintained or archived in databases has some geographic property!


The ChallengesThe Challenges

• Discovery: These data are distributed in tens of thousands of repositories

• Access: They will never, ever be put into massive centralized repositories

• Processing and fusion: These data typically must be processed in order to be useful for the end-user application

• Decision makers, policy makers, scientists, researchers, consumers, emergency response – all need access to the latest and best geo content and services – when and where they need it!


And at the same time there is a huge requirement for And at the same time there is a huge requirement for processing and fusion servicesprocessing and fusion services

Source: Broadstroke


What is the OGC?What is the OGC?

• The OGC is a not for profit Voluntary Consensus Standards Organization

PortalUPortalUGerman Environmental Information PortalGerman Environmental Information Portal

SURA Coastal Ocean Observing and Prediction (SCOOP) Program


The OGC MissionThe OGC Mission

• To serve as a global forum for the development, development, promotion and harmonization of open and promotion and harmonization of open and freely available geospatial standards …freely available geospatial standards …

Geoportal of the Catalonia SDIGeoportal of the Catalonia SDI

Natural Resources Canada


OGC SnapshotOGC Snapshot

• Founded in 1994.• Currently 349 members• Twenty four adopted standards• Four OGC Standards are now also ISO Standards

GeoSciML – GML ApplicationSchema for the Geology community

Microsoft Terraserver


Alliance Partnerships - Critical To Successful Standards Development Alliance Partnerships - Critical To Successful Standards Development and Implementationand Implementation

And other organizations…


OGC’s “Foundation” StandardsOGC’s “Foundation” Standards


OGC Web ServicesOGC Web Services

• In the beginning…– it was about databases and COM– databases live on (OGC Simple Feature access)– COM, not so much

• First OGC Web Service was defined in 1998• First OGC Web Service Standard approved in 1999• We now have a suite of robust WS Standards• OGC Standards are becoming an integral part of the

evolving GeoWeb


Foundation Data Access StandardsFoundation Data Access Standards

• WMS: Web Mapping Service: web images of maps

• WFS: Web Feature Service: vector data

• WCS: Web Coverage Service: raster imagery and grids

• GML: Geography Markup Language: XML encoding of data

• SOS: Sensor Observation Service: real-time data

• CSW: Catalogue Service for the Web: geospatial search

• WPS: Web Processing Service: run a model/algorithm/process


The OGC Interoperability ProgramThe OGC Interoperability Program& OWS-5& OWS-5


OGC’s Approach for Advancing InteroperabilityOGC’s Approach for Advancing Interoperability

• Interoperability Program (IP) - a global, innovative, hands-on prototyping and testing program designed to accelerate interface development and validation, and bring interoperability to the market

• Specification Development Program –Consensus processes similar to other Industry consortia (World Wide Web Consortium, OMA, OMG, etc.).

• Outreach and Community Adoption Program – education and training, encourage take up of OGC specifications, business development, communications programs

Rapid InterfaceDevelopment

StandardsSetting

MarketAdoption


Testbeds Enhance StandardsTestbeds Enhance Standards

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved.Copyright © Open Geospatial Consortium (2007)

Web Processing ServiceWeb Processing Service

WPS

WPS-client

Web Processing Service

GetCapabilities DescribeProcess Execute

Algorithm Repository

……

Algorithm 1

…

…Data Handler A

Data Handler Repository

Communication over the web using HTTP


Imagery Processing WorkflowImagery Processing Workflow

…

Internet

OGC Interfaces

Service chaining creates value-added products from SWE Observations

WCS = Web Coverage ServiceWCTS = Web Coordinate Transformation ServiceWPS = Web Processing Service

SOS WCTS WPS WFS

decision supportclient

Copyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved.Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © Open Geospatial Consortium (2007)

Data Reduction WorkflowData Reduction Workflow

Steven Keens, PCI


Invoke Conflation WorkflowInvoke Conflation Workflow

WFS1Spatial

Integrated Client

Intergraph

WPSIfGI

WFS1Spatial

WFSNGIT

Local MSD

Vertical Obstruction Data

BPEL EngineGMU

ConflationResult

ConflationWorkflow

Script

WPS1Spatial

WPS1Spatial

TQAS

Conflation

1

2

3

4

5

7

6

8

9


OWSClient

AuthenticationService

Gatekeeper(Enforcement)

WCS-TService

AuthorizationService (Decision)

OWSClient

GeoDRMClient

OWS-5 GeoRM WorkflowOWS-5 GeoRM Workflow(WCS Access Control Use Case)(WCS Access Control Use Case)

5: Authentic

ate

2: GetCapabilities

3: Capabilities4: Capabilities+Preconditions

6: ID Toke

n

1: GetCapabilities7: Transaction+ID

8: Authorize9: Decision

10: Transaction

11: Coverage12: Coverage

Policies


OWSClient

AuthenticationService

Gatekeeper(Enforcement)

WCS-TService

LicenseManager

(Administration)

LicenseBroker

AuthorizationService (Decision)

OWSClient

GeoDRMClient

OWS-5 GeoRM WorkflowOWS-5 GeoRM Workflow(WCS Licensed Use Case)(WCS Licensed Use Case)

5: Authentic

ate

2: GetCapabilities

3: Capabilities4: Capabilities+Preconditions

6: ID Toke

n

1: GetCapabilities

7: OrderLicense

8: CreateLicense

9: LicenseReference

10: LicenseReference

11: GetCoverage+ID+Lic

12: Authorize

13: GetLicense14: License

15: Decision

16: GetCoverage

17: Coverage18: Coverage


OGC and Distributed Computing –OGC and Distributed Computing –No question about the need!No question about the need!


AssumptionsAssumptions

• Necessary and increasingly common for academia, institutes, government,and corporations globally to engage in collaborative, complex applications.

• These applications require international and interoperable access to massive quantities of distributed, heterogeneous geospatial data, services, computing abilities and other facilities.


Climate ChangeClimate Change


Emergency Response – Predictive ModelingEmergency Response – Predictive Modeling


The GeoWeb: A Global Concept of OperationsThe GeoWeb: A Global Concept of Operations


SummarySummary

• OGC is a global forum for developing open standards

• Strong “build out” in the marketplace

• Convergence of efforts in multiple communities

• Increasing benefit from using open standards solutions

• The OGF and the OGC joint activity should lead to distributed, collaborative geospatial data processing


• GRID Technology must be an integral component of the GeoWeb!!


Questions?Questions?

Raj [email protected]+1 617 642 9372

http://www.opengeospatial.org

http://www.opengeospatial.org/


Backup SlidesBackup Slides


Example: Example: Global Earth Observation System of Global Earth Observation System of

Systems (GEOSS)Systems (GEOSS)


Major Program: GEOSSMajor Program: GEOSS

• The Group on Earth Observations, GEO, – established by a series of three ministerial-level summits. – GEO includes

• 72 member countries,

• The European Commission

• 52 participating organizations

• Working together to establish a Global Earth Observation System of Systems.

• http://www.earthobservations.org/

http://www.earthobservations.org/membership/particip_orgs.html


GEOSS VisionGEOSS Vision

• Build on and add value to existing Earth-Observation (EO) systems by coordinating their efforts, addressing critical gaps, supporting their interoperability, sharing information, reaching a common understanding of user requirements, and improving delivery of information to users.


Global Earth Observation System of Systems Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) http://www.epa.gov/geoss/(GEOSS) http://www.epa.gov/geoss/

• International Network that integrates distributed remote sensing data, other geospatial information, models and monitoring data

“I am thrilled with the promise of GEOSS. It can provide us with better information to use in decision-making, producing better decisions that are better informed with more data points. I hope to help make the promise of GEOSS a reality.” Steve Johnson, EPA Administrator



ExampleExampleCanadian Forestry Grid Application: Canadian Forestry Grid Application:

SAFORAHSAFORAH


Canadian Forestry Grid Application: SAFORAHCanadian Forestry Grid Application: SAFORAH

• System of Agents for Forest Observation Research with Advanced Hierarchies

• A grid computing infrastructure to manage, catalogue and archive Earth Observation data within a geographically distributed network of diverse computational resources.

• EO data in SAFORAH is available through either a set of OGC Web services or the Catalogue and User Data Ordering System (CUDOS).


Forest Monitoring with Remote SensingForest Monitoring with Remote Sensing

http://www.saforah.org/

http://www.globusconsortium.org/journal/20070605/saforah.html

http://www.saforah.org/


SAFORAH Participating Partners SAFORAH Participating Partners

Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) Canadian Space Agency (CSA) GeoConnections University of Victoria (UVic) Center for Spatial Information Science and Systems (CSISS)

George Mason University (GMU) MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates Ltd. (MDA) Environment Canada (EC) Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) BC Common Information Technology Services (CITS) Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI)


SAFORAH System ArchitectureSAFORAH System Architecture


SAFORAH Grid ConnectivitySAFORAH Grid Connectivity SAFORAH data grid networks

Digital certificate signed by Grid Canada; CANARIE fibre backbone across Canada at 10 Gbps.

Connection in progressConnection in progress Operational connectionOperational connection

PFC AFC

LFC NoFC

UVic

Grid ComputingNetwork

PROFESSIONAL WORKSTATION

ΩC C C C C C C

PROFESSIONAL WORKSTATION

GeographyUVic

CSA

AAFC

Portals

Data StorageUVic

EC CWS

NRCan CFS

NRCan CFS

NRCan CFS

NRCan CFS


Grid-enabled OGC ServicesGrid-enabled OGC Services

OGC WCS provides access to distributed EO data

OGC WMS responses to user’s rendering requests to dynamically produce static maps from geo-referenced EO data

OGC CSW provides Grid-based archiving, publishing, managing, and querying of geospatial data and services and facilitates transparent access to the replica data and related services under the Grid environment.


Web Mapping Service (WMS)Web Mapping Service (WMS)


OGC Web Mapping Service (WMS)OGC Web Mapping Service (WMS)

• WMS– Primary specification for requesting maps and visualization via the WWW. – ISO’s WMS (Doc. 19128) is based on the OGC WMS specification.

• Calling client specifies – the bounding box of the layers needed, – the styles in which these layers are to be displayed, – the spatial reference system to be used, – the desired output format, – the output size,– And background transparency and color.


OGC Web Mapping Service (WMS)OGC Web Mapping Service (WMS)

• 3 requests– getCapabilities: obtain service level metadata describing service

content and acceptable request parameters .– getMap: obtain a map image whose geospatial and dimensional

parameters are well-defined.– getFeatureInfo (optional): ask for information about particular

features shown on a map.


<Service><Name>CubeWerx WMS</Name><Title>CubeWerx Web Mapping Service</Title><Abstract>Web Mapping Server maintained by X.</Abstract><OnlineResource>http://www.server.com/wms.cgi?</OnlineResource>

</Service>

<Layer queryable="1"> <Title>Weather Forecast Data</Title> <SRS>EPSG:4326</SRS> <LatLonBoundingBox minx="-180" miny="-90" maxx="180" maxy="90" />

<Extent name="time" default="2000-08-22">1999-01-01/2000-08-22/P1D</Extent> <Layer>

<Name>Clouds</Name> <Title>Forecast cloud cover</Title>

</Layer> <Layer>

<Name>Temperature</Name> <Title>Forecast temperature</Title>

</Layer></Layer>

<Capability>  <GetMap> <Format>image/gif</Format> <Format>image/png</Format> <Format>image/jpeg</Format> <DCPType> <HTTP> <Get>

<OnlineResource xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink xlink:type="simple“ xlink:href="http://hostname:port/path" /> </Get> </HTTP> </DCPType></Capability>

OGC WMS – Get CapabilitiesOGC WMS – Get Capabilities

http://amapco.com/mapserver.cgi



OGC WMS GetMapOGC WMS GetMap

• Spatial Context – Spatial Reference System (EPSG)– Corners of map (geographic extent)– Image width & height

• List of “layers”– Layer name– Symbolization style

• Return Format– GIF | JPEG | WebCGM | SVG, etc.– Background info (color, transparency)– Exception Type = InImage | Encoded/Parseable


WMS overlay exampleWMS overlay example

REQUEST1:• http://amapco.com/mapserver.cgi?

VERSION=1.1.0&REQUEST=GetMap&SRS=urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG:6.6:4326&BBOX=-97.105,24.913,78.794,36.358&WIDTH=560&HEIGHT=350&LAYERS=AVHRR-09-27&STYLES=&FORMAT=image/png& EXCEPTIONS=application/vnd.ogc.se_inimage

REQUEST2:• http://b-maps.com/map.cgi?

VERSION=1.1.0&REQUEST=GetMap&SRS=EPSG:4326&BBOX=-97.105,24.913,78.794,36.358&WIDTH=560&HEIGHT=350&

LAYERS=BUILTUPA_1M,COASTL_1M,POLBNDL_1M&FORMAT=image/png&STYLES=style1,style2,style3&TRANSPARENT=TRUE&EXCEPTIONS=application/vnd.ogc.se_inimage


http://b-maps.com/map.cgi

http://b-maps.com/map.cgi


Web Feature Service (WFS)Web Feature Service (WFS)


GetCapabilities


Client

Opaque Feature Store

Web Feature ServerWFS

GetCapabilities<Service>

<Name>CubeWerx WFS</Name><Title>CubeWerx Web Feature Service</Title><Abstract>Web Feature Server maintained by X.</Abstract><OnlineResource>http://www.server.com/wfs.cgi?</OnlineResource>

</Service>

<!– Defines the list of feature types that this instance can operate upon and --><FeatureTypeList><Operations> <Query/> </Operations><FeatureType>

<Name>Roads</Name><SRS>EPSG:4326</SRS><LatLongBoundingBox minx="-179" miny="-85“ maxx="179“ maxy="83"/><Operations>

<Insert/><Update/><Delete/>

</Operations></FeatureType></FeatureTypeList>

<!– Defines the capabilities of the filter supported by this feature instance--><ogc:Filter_Capabilities>

<ogc:Spatial_Capabilities> <ogc:Spatial_Operators> <ogc:BBOX/> </ogc:Spatial_Operators>

</ogc:Spatial_Capabilities> </ogc:Filter_Capabilitites>

<Capability>  </Capability>


DescribeFeature


Client



DescribeFeatureType<?xml version="1.0" ?><DescribeFeatureType version="1.0.0“ service="WFS"

xmlns="http://www.opengis.net/wfs"xmlns:ns01="http://www.server01.com/ns01"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">

<TypeName>ns01:Roads</TypeName>

</DescribeFeatureType>

<complexType name=“Roads"><complexContent>

<extension base="gml:AbstractFeatureType"><sequence>

<element name="WKB_GEOM“ type="gml:LineStringPropertyType">

<element name="SURFACE_TYPE" minOccurs="0"></element>

<element name="NLANES" nillable="true" minOccurs="0"><simpleType><restriction base="integer"> <totalDigits value="2"/> </restriction> </simpleType></element>

</sequence></complexContent></complexType>


GetFeature


Client



getFeature<GetFeature version="1.0.0“ service="WFS“ xmlns:myns=http://www.og.com

<Query typeName="myns:ROADS“<ogc:PropertyName>myns:PATH</ogc:PropertyName>

<ogc:PropertyName>myns:LANES</ogc:PropertyName><ogc:Filter><ogc:Within> <ogc:PropertyName>myns:PATH</ogc:PropertyName> <gml:Box>

<gml:coordinates>50,40 100,60</gml:coordinates> </gml:Box></ogc:Within>

</ogc:Filter> </Query></GetFeature>

<wfs:FeatureCollection<gml:featureMember><ROADS fid="ROADS.100"><PATH> <gml:LineString gid="1“ srsName="epsg.xml#4326"> <gml:coordinates>10,10 10,11 10,12 10,13</gml:coordinates> </gml:LineString></PATH><NLANES>4</NLANES></ROADS></gml:featureMember><gml:featureMember><ROADS fid="ROADS.105"><PATH>

<gml:LineString gid="2“ srsName="epsg.xml#4326"><gml:coordinates>10,10 10,11 10,12</gml:coordinates> </gml:LineString>

</PATH><NLANES>2</NLANES></ROADS></gml:featureMember></FeatureCollection>


OGC Sensor WebOGC Sensor Web


Webcam

EnvironmentalMonitor

IndustrialProcessMonitor

StoredSensor

Data

TrafficMonitoring

Satellite-borneImaging Device

Airborne Imaging Device

HealthMonitor

StrainGauge

TempSensor

– Sensors connected to and discoverable on the Web– Sensors have position & generate observations- Sensor descriptions available - Services to task and access sensors- Local, regional, national scalability- Enabling the Enterprise

AutomobileAs Probe

OGC Sensor WebOGC Sensor Web


OGC Sensor Web Standards - GoalsOGC Sensor Web Standards - Goals

• Quickly discover sensors (secure or public) that can meet my needs – and learn about what they can do (location, observables, quality, ability to task)

• Obtain sensor information in a standard encoding that is understandable by the user and by software

• Readily access sensor observations in a common manner, and in a form specific to my needs

• Task sensors, when possible, to meet my specific needs

• Request and receive alerts / notification when a sensor measures a particular phenomenon, or completes a requested task


Sensor Web Enablement SpecificationsSensor Web Enablement Specifications

• Information Models and Schema– Sensor Model Language (SensorML) for In-situ and Remote Sensors - Core

models and schema for components, georegistration, response, process models– Extensions for SensorML - Extension models and schema for remote sensors and

other specific sensor communities– Observations and Measurements (O&M) – Core models and schema for

observations

• Web Services– Sensor Observation Service - Access Observations for a sensor or sensor

constellation, and optionally, the associated sensor and platform data– Sensor Alert Service (new) – Subscribe to alerts based upon sensor observations– Sensor Planning Service – Request collection feasibility and task sensor system for

desired observations– Web Notification Service –Manage message dialogue between client and Web

service(s) for long duration (asynchronous) processes– Sensor Registries – Discover sensors and sensor observations

• Built upon Web and Internet standards


Geography Markup Language (GML)Geography Markup Language (GML)


Another Information Community’s Schema

Highway is:_Pavement thickness_Right of way_Width ….

Cell transm. Platform is:_Location_No. of antennas_Elevation ….

One Information Community’s Schema

Road is:_Width_Lanes_Pavement type ….

Cell tower is:_Owner_Height_Licensees ….

(an instance of Road in one IC’s schema)

Mayberry’s Cell Tower

(an instance of Cell Transm. Platform in another IC’s schema)

Mayberry Road

GML defines a data encoding in XML that allows geographic data and its attributes to be moved between disparate systems

GML: Representing Geographic FeaturesGML: Representing Geographic Features


GML Instance ExampleGML Instance Example<CityModel > <gml:name>Cambridge</gml:name> <gml:boundedBy> <gml:Box srsName="http://www.opengis.net/gml/srs/epsg.xml#4326"> <gml:coordinates>0.0,0.0</gml: coordinates > <gml: coordinates >100.0,100.0</gml: coordinates > </gml:Box> </gml:boundedBy>

… <cityMember> <Road> <gml:name>M11</gml:name> <linearGeometry> <gml:LineString srsName="http://www.opengis.net/gml/srs/epsg.xml#4326"> <gml:coordinates>0,5.0</gml:coordinates>

<gml:coordinates>20.6,10.7</gml:coordinates> <gml:coordinates>80.5,60.9</gml:coordinates>

</gml:LineString> </linearGeometry> <classification>motorway</classification> <number>11</number> </Road> </cityMember>

… <dateCreated>2000-11</dateCreated>

…</CityModel>

Documents

Copyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. OGC Standards Development and Distributed Computing Open Grid Forum 22 Cambridge,