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Copyright, CEERE, University of Massachusetts at Amherst. 2008
Combined Heat and Power Solutions
Beka Kosanovic, PhD.Northeast CHP Application Center
University of Massachusetts, Amherst
Distributed Energy Conference
Stratton, VTMay 15, 2008
Copyright, CEERE, University of Massachusetts at Amherst. 2008
Regional Application Centers
Mid Atlanticwww.chpcenterma.org
Midwestwww.chpcentermw.org
Pacificwww.chpcenterpr.org
Northwest Regionwww.chpcenternw.org
Northeastwww.northeastchp.org
Intermountainwww.IntermountainCHP.org
The regional application centers promote combined heating and power (CHP) technology and practices, serve as a central repository and clearinghouse of CHP information, and identify and help implement regional CHP projects.
Gulf Coastwww.GulfCoastCHP.org
Southeasternwww.chpcenterse.org
Copyright, CEERE, University of Massachusetts at Amherst. 2008
Typical CHP System
Fuel “in” at one place Multiple benefits “out”
Copyright, CEERE, University of Massachusetts at Amherst. 2008
Efficiency Advantages of CHP
Source: Bruce Hedman, ICF Consulting - May 2007
Copyright, CEERE, University of Massachusetts at Amherst. 2008
Environmental Benefits of CHP- CO2
Copyright, CEERE, University of Massachusetts at Amherst. 2008
Energy and Emissions Impact of 5 MW Natural Gas CHP
• 5 MW natural gas system– Net electric efficiency = 28%; 8200 hours/year
• National Average Fossil Central Station Generation – eGrid (2000)– Heat rate = 10,462 Btu/kWh; 1,950 lbs CO2/MWh– 7% T&D losses
Copyright, CEERE, University of Massachusetts at Amherst. 2008
Important Design Considerations• Cost of Buying
Electric Power from the Grid Relative to the Cost of Natural Gas
a.k.a “Spark Spread”
• Coincident Needs for Power & Thermal Energy
• Installed Cost Differential Between a Conventional and a CHP System
Copyright, CEERE, University of Massachusetts at Amherst. 2008
FEASIBILITY STUDY RESULTSCombined Heat and Power System Design
Options Annual Cost
Savings Estimated Installed
Cost Simple
Payback
Option #1: 350 kW CHP Plant 350 kW Backpressure steam turbine with new wood-
fired boiler plant. $1,168,817 $4,050,000 3.5 years
Option #2: 500 kW CHP Plant Two 250 kW Microturbines with Heat Recovery Steam Generator (with supplemental gas firing)
$306,323 $1,080,000 3.5 years
Option #3: 420 kW CHP Plant
Two 210 kW Reciprocating Engines $160,007 $840,000 5.2 years
Option #4: 610 kW Gas Turbine with Heat Recovery Steam Generator (with supplemental gas
firing to meet entire steam load) $276,093 $2,135,000 7.7 years
Option #5: 90 kW CHP Plant 90 kW Backpressure steam turbine with existing
boiler plant. $27,034 $270,000 10.0 years
Copyright, CEERE, University of Massachusetts at Amherst. 2008
Sample BIOMASS CHP Analysis #1
• Resulting Economics– Fuel consumption on MMBtu basis increases due
to steam turbine isentropic efficiency.– Average electric generation: 200 kW– Estimated Savings:
• Electric Energy & Demand: $240,000• Boiler Fuel: $1,200,000 (savings due to cost
differential between #6 fuel oil and wood)– Estimated Costs:
• Annual Operation & Maintenance: $185,000• Capital: $3,500,000• Incentives (State of Connecticut): $160,000
– Simple Payback Period: 2.7 years
Copyright, CEERE, University of Massachusetts at Amherst. 2008
Proposed System Schematic
System Schematic & Steam Turbine figures courtesy of TurboSteamBoiler figure courtesy of Hurst
Copyright, CEERE, University of Massachusetts at Amherst. 2008
BIOMASS CHP Analysis #2 Dairy Farm in Massachusetts
– Facility spends over $60,000 on electricity (480,000 kWh) and $6,000 on #2 fuel oil (3000 gal) annually.
– 650 production dairy cows are housed in barns and milked daily and additional 750 on site
– the total manure and water volume is 156,130 lb/day, or roughly 18,830 gallons/day
– 125 kW engine could generate 937,000 kWh annually
– Payback period 11.5 years without and 6.7 year with MTC rebate
Copyright, CEERE, University of Massachusetts at Amherst. 2008
Reliability with DG unitsBaseline System Reliability is
99.97%
99.972%1.135%
Improvement
99.977%21.86% Improvement
89% Improvement in customer reliability1.135% Improvement in system reliability
Copyright, CEERE, University of Massachusetts at Amherst. 2008
Northeast Application Center Contacts
Beka Kosanovic
NAC Co-Director for Technical Assistance
(413) 545-0684 (voice)
Tom Bourgeois
NAC Co-Director for Education and Outreach
(914) 422-4013 (voice)
http://www.northeastchp.org/nac/index.htm
