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Nucleic Acids – C, H, O, N, Pare made from nucleotides.

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Nucleotides consist of three parts:• a 5-carbon sugar

• a phosphate group

• a nitrogenous base

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Nucleic acids store and transmit genetic information.

Made of long chains of amino acids.

PROTEINS – C, H, O, N

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The R-group differs in each amino acid.

The amino acid chains fold back on themselves creating many different shapes. These are held together by H bonds.

Each protein has its own unique shape.

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Some functions of proteins:

–Control the rate of reactions (Enzymes)

–Used to form bones and muscles

–Transport substances into or out of cells

–Help to fight disease (antibodies)

Enzymes – act as catalyststhey speed up reactions,

but are not used up in the reaction

Catalysts reduce the activation energy needed to start the reaction,

allowing the reaction to go faster

How enzymes work:

The substrate bonds to the enzyme at the active site. They fit together like a lock and key.

Enzymes can be affected by: Changes in pH or temperature

Heat or Acids break the H bonds, changing its shape.

If its the wrong shape, it can’t function.