CORNELIUZELEACODREANU

FORMYLEGIONARIES

(THEIRONGUARD)

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(Igreetthosewhomarchtowardthegreatlegionaryvictory.CorneliuZ.Codreanu—1938)

FOREWORD

Adominantfeelingoverwhelmsme,nowthattheresponsibilityofinditing these lines is mine—it is one of overpowering andpervasivehumility. I fear lest thehistorical and spiritualgreatnessof the author of this work fatally lead me into vainglory, simplybecause Iwashis contemporary andknewhim, and thus enjoyed

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theprivilegeofadmiringhisascendancy,ofhearinghisopinions,ofobeyinghis orders, andof dedicatingmyselfwith allmyheart totheaimsheproposed.

Nothing more clearly characterizes the fascination which theCaptain (As the legionaries affectionately dubbed their leader,Corneliu Zelea Codreanu) exerted upon those who followed himthanthetestimonyofoneofthemostdistinguishedandrenownedRomanian scholars, Professor Nae Ionescu of the University ofBucharest:“If theLegion’schief toldmetotakeasmallboxandabootblack’sstool,andsetupshopbeforetheRoyalPalacetoshinetheshoesofpassersby,Iwoulddoit,beingfullyconvincedhehadreasonsforhisorder.”Irememberthatanotherprofessor,hewhosucceededtheeminenthistorianA.D.XenopolattheUniversityoflasi, remarked around 1937 that Codreanu’s authority, whichinspiredRomanianstudents tofollowhim,wasmuchgreaterthanthat enjoyed by all the professors of all our universities puttogether.

Indeed, the Captain was the national pedagogue of Romaniabetweenthetwoworldwars!

Codreanuinaveryshorttimewonsimilarinfluenceoveralltheotherclassesofsociety.WhentheKremlin’sBolshevism,thrustbytheRedhordesfromtheRussiansteppestowardthecivilizedWest,invaded Romania by force of arms following August 23, 1944, itfoundamongthetwentymillioninhabitantsfewerthanathousandCommunists tobeentrustedwith theSatanizationofourcountry.Theworkers’corps,foundedaspartoftheLegionaryMovementinthe ‘30’s, dammed in the nick of time the Marxist flood, whichwould otherwise have submerged Romania and gone on toinundatemuchoftherestofEurope.

Naturally, the Legionary Movement first recruited universitystudents,butthenexthighestprioritywasgiventoenlistingandre-formingworkmen.Soonafter theBolshevikconquestofRussia in1917, the Muscovite beast began to bare its fangs in Romania:agitation and disorders were fomented in Moldavia by agentsinfiltratedfromGalicia,andbytheirshabbasgoyimtosuchanextentthat the young student,Codreanu, beganhis nationalist campaigninIasiagainstoverwhelmingnumbers:healonefaced5000communistworkerswhohadoccupiedtheNicolinarailwayworks;heclimbedtothe roof of the main building, jerked out the red flag andtriumphantlyplantedtheretheRomaniantricolor.

It so happened that I was perhaps the first andmost constanteyewitness of the beginnings of Codreanist confrontations within

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theworkers’groupsinIasi.WhenCodreanufirstgotintouchwiththepatriotConstantinPancu,whoismentionedinthefirstpagesofthisbook,itwasonaThursdayinNovember1919.HefoundinthehallwheretheGuardofNationalConscienceusuallymet,onlyonestudent among those present. He was the one who occasionallycontributedarticlestotheGuard’spaperunderthenameofDimga,an abbreviation of the name affixed today at the end of thisforeword. Years later, after the formation of the LegionaryWorkers’Corps(Oct25,1936)underthecommandofEngineerGh.Clime, theCaptain suggested that the LegionaryMovement uniteintellectuals andworkers in a commoneffort andproposed that Itakeuponmyselfadual leadership:thatoftheintellectualsandofthe workers (the latter to be shared with Clime) in Moldavia’scapital.Inthemessageaddressedtome,broughtbyClimehimself,mentionwasmadeof thepride that the legionaryworkersof Iasiwouldfeelathavingauniversityprofessorastheirleader,whilstthebewilderedworkersweretoeingthe lineforsuchJewishclownsasGhelerandGhelerter.

It was also at the Captain’s behest that the two great artistictalentsof theLegionaryMovement,RaduGyr, thepoet,andNeluManzatu, the musician, composed the hymn of the legionaryworkers:

...Fromheavy,hardhammerstrokes,Bentoverbyhungerandwant,Fromslagoffurnaceandofboilers,Hungryweraiseourselves,andnaked......FromlightningwewillbuildanewcountryOngreatanvilsoverthecenturiesFromsacrificesandfromhammerblowsWewillforgeforourselvesadestinyofiron...

The purveyors of public opinion denounced the organizationfoundedbytheCaptainasanimitation,anoffshoot,ofFascismand“Nazism.”

During one of my conversations with Corneliu Codreanu as Istopped over in Bucharest on my way to Italy, he expressed theopinion thatmy experience as a participant in theCarmen Sylvawork campwould bemore beneficial than another trip toRome,andhe revealed tome that ifnationsare tobe reborn, theymuststartwiththeirowninnatequalitiesandtheirancestraloutlookonlife.TheFascists,asdescendantsoftheancientRomans,whowerethe creators of the Law and of an unsurpassed state organization,

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naturallyhadthe idealsof theRomanmagistrates,andnecessarilygaveattentiontotheformal juridicalaspect,sothattheywerelikeindividualswhofirstofalltakecaretoclothetheirbodies,whiletheGermans, deeming themselves themost authentic representativesof the ancient Indo-Germans and admirers of racial purity, gavespecial attention to theblood,namely to the biological element.We,descendants of Latin stock grafted onto a Thracian trunk, werepreventedbyhistoryandbytimefromcarvingoutforourselvesanearlystate,withtheresultthatourconceptoflegislationpersewaslimited to religious precepts, the laws of Christian moralityconstituting the law of our land in its entirety, so that weRomanianswerepreoccupiedwiththesoul.Thatiswhytheschoolofthenestaimstotransformthelegionaryintoanewman.Thusourlegionaries have a self control more effective than the disciplinefound in any other European political movement. When alegionaryinitiatesanaction,hedoesnotdosowiththeideathatitwill benefit himorhis family; his purpose is to serve theLegion,andevenso,hewillavoidactsthatcouldharmtheNation.Havinglearned from the Captain that the final aim of the Nation is notmere existence but spiritual life, he keeps himself in hand at alltimeswiththebrakeofChristianmorality.Ithasbeenrightlystatedthat the Legionary Movement was not a simple politicalorganization,butalsoamilitaryandreligiousorder.

The murder of Codreanu did not end his work, but, as didGolgotha for Christians, projected it for other peoples and intoothertimes.Hewasnotmerelyagenialexponentoftheaspirationsof his generation: he formulated ideals valid for all futuregenerations.HetracedouttheonlyfirebreakbywhichtheMarxistconflagration can be contained. The tranquility of peaceful andbalanced livingwillnotbeattainedintoday’sever-restlessworldexcept by the way preconized by him, namely by the road ofpeople’s return toGod.That iswhy level-headedyouth in severalpartsoftheconvulsedglobearenowbeingguidedmoreandmoreby thedoctrineof themovement ideatedbyCodreanu.Themosttelling demonstration of this is the recent recognition of it byhealthy-minded youth in Chile, whose spokesman, an eminentuniversity professor, clearly declares that the anti-communistvictory there has initiated posthumous victories for ComeliuCodreanu.

Wehopethatthistranslationwillserveasaguidenotonlytotheclear-headed youth of the United States, but also to English-speakingyoungpeopleallovertheworld.

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Dr.DimitrieGazaruFormerly Professor at the Universities of Iasi and Bucharest, andmore recently, at various European and South Americanuniversities.BuenosAires,June1976

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Thisvolumecontainsthestoryofmyyouth,from19to34yearsofage,withitsfeelings,faith,thoughts,deeds,anditserrors.

CORNELIUCODREANU

TOTHELEGIONARIES

December6,1935,CannenSylva

LEGIONARIES,I write for our legionary family. For all legionaries: those in

villages,Infactoriesandintheuniversity.Idonotpayattentiontoany regulation imposed on book authors. I have no time. I writehastilyonthebattlefield,inthemidstofattacks.Atthishourwearesurrounded on all sides. The enemies strike us treacherously andtreasonbitesus.

Fortwoyearswehavebeenboundbythechainsofaninfamouscensorship. For two years our name and that of legionary aretolerated by the press only to be insulted.A rain of treacheries isheapeduponuswhileourenemiesapplaudandhopethatweshallperish.Buttheseknightsofcowardice,aswellastheirmasters,willbeconvinced,infact,soon,thatalltheattacksinwhichtheypooledtheir hopes of destroying the legionary movement, all theiragitationanddesperateefforts,willremainfruitless.

Legionaries do not die. Erect, immovable, invincible andimmortal, they look forever victorious over the impotentconvulsionsofhatred.

The opinion created in the non-legionaryworld by the lines thatfollowisofnoconsequencetomeandtheireffectuponthatworlddoesnotinterestme.

What Iwant is that you, soldiers of otherRomanian horizons,whilereadingtheserecollections,recognizeinthemyourownpastand remember your battles; that you re-live the suffering you

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enduredandtheblowsyoutookforourpeople; thatyoufillyourhearts with fire and stand firm in the difficult and righteousstruggleinwhichyouareengagedandoutofwhichweallhavethecommand toemergeeithervictoriousordead. I thinkofyouas Iwrite.

Ofyouwhowillhavetodie,receivingthebaptismofdeathwiththeserenityofourancestralThracians.Andofyou,thosewhowillhavetostepoverthedeadandtheirtombs,carryinginyourhandsthevictoriousbannersoftheRomanians.

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STEPPINGINTOLIFE

INTHEDOBRINAFOREST

Hereweare,congregatedoneafternooninthespringof1919intheDobrinaForestwhich stands sentinel on theheights aroundHusi.Who? A group of about 20 high school students, sophomores,juniorsandseniors.

I called these young comrades together to discuss a graveproblem,thoughourlifewasbutbudding.WhatarewegoingtodoiftheBolsheviksinvadeus?Myopinion,withwhichtheotherswereinaccord,wasthis:iftheBolshevikarmycrossestheDniester,thenthe Pruth, reaching our region, we shall not submit, butwill takerefuge in the woods armed; we will organize there a center ofRomanianactionandresistance,andbyskillfulactionshakeuptheenemy;wewillmaintainaspiritofnon-submission,andkeepaliveasparkofhopeamidsttheRomanianmassesinvillagesandtowns.Wealltookanoathinthemiddleoftheancientforest.Thisforestwas a corner of that famous woods of Tigheciu on whose paths,throughoutMoldavia'shistory,manyanenemyfounddeath.

We decided to acquire weapons and ammunition, tomaintaintotalsecrecy,toengageinreconnoiteringandbattleexercisestherein the forest and to establish a front which would mask ourintentions.Weeasily foundthis frontandwesoonbrought it intobeing: a cultural-national association of the students at the highschool of Husi which we named "Mihail Kogalniceanu." It wasapproved by the high school principal. Then we began get-togethersand lectures in town.We treated thecustomary subjectsinpublic,whileinthewoodswesimulatedbattleexercises.Inthosetimesonecouldfindweaponseverywhere,sothatwithinabouttwoweekswecollectedallweneeded.

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Therewasthensuchachaoticstateofaffairsinthecountrythatwe,thoughbutchildrenhardlyover18yearsofage,understoodalltoowell.EverybodywasthinkingabouttheBolshevikrevolutionwhichwaswellunderwayonlyafewstepsovertheborder.Thepeasantrywasopposedtothisdestroyingwaveoutofinstinct,butcompletelydisorganized, could not put up a serious resistance. But industrialworkers were vertiginously sliding toward Communism, beingsystematically fed the cult of these ideas by the Jewish press, andgenerally by the entire Jewry of the cities. Every Jew, merchant,intellectual or banker-capitalist, in his radius of activity, was anagent of these anti-Romanian revolutionary ideas. TheRomanianintelligentsiawasundecided,thestateapparatusdisorganized.Onecould expect at anymoment, either an internal eruption of somedeterminedandorganizedelements,oraninvasionfromovertheDniester.Thisexternalaction,coordinatedwith thatof the Judeo-Communistbandswithin-whocouldbeardownonus,destroyingbridges and blowing up stores of ammunition - would have thendecidedourfateasapeople.

Itwasinsuchcircumstances,ourthoughts,inturmoil,worryingaboutthelifeandlibertyofourcountryjustunifiedattheendofadifficultwar,thatinouryouthfulmindstheideathatledustotheoathintheDobrinaForestgerminated.

I had had five years at the Military Academy in ManastireaDealului (TheCloisteron theHill),where theheadofMichael theBravereposes,underthesearchingeyeofNicolaeFilipescu1.There,under the orders of Maj., later Col. Marcel Olteanu, the school'scommandant, that of Capt. Virgil Badulescu, of Lieut. EmilPalangeanuandunder theguidanceof theprofessors, I receivedastrict soldierly education and a healthy confidence in my ownpowers.

Infact,mymilitaryeducationwillbewithmeallmylife.Order,discipline,hierarchy,molded intomybloodatanearlyage,alongwith the sentiment of soldierly dignity, will constitute a guidingthreadformyentirefutureactivity.

Here too, Iwas taught to speak little, a factwhich laterwas toleadmetohate"chatterboxing"andtoomuchtalk.HereIlearnedtolovethetrenchandtodespisethedrawingroom.

Thenotionsofmilitary science Iwas receiving thenwillmakemelaterjudgeeverythingthroughtheprismofthisscience.

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This cult of the sentiment of human and military dignity, inwhichtheofficersbroughtmeup,wastocreateformedifficultiesand expose me to suffering, in a world often times lacking bothhonorandasenseofdignity.

Ispentthesummerof1916athomeinHusi.My father had been recalled into the military for the last two

yearsandleftwiththeregimentfortheCarpathians.One night my mother woke me up and, crying and crossing

herself,said:"Wakeup,allthebellsofallthechurchesareringing."It was August 15, 1916, the Feast of St. Mary. I understood thatmobilization had been decreed and that at that moment theRomanianarmyhadcrossedthemountains.

Seizedbyemotion,mywholebodytrembled.ThreedayslaterIlefthometotrailmyfather,pushedbymyyearningthatItoo,beamong the fighters on the front. Finally, following manyadventures, I reached the regiment in which my father wascommanding a company, the 25th Infantry Regiment under thecommand of Col. V. Piperescu, as it was advancing intoTransylvaniaontheOituzvalley.

My misfortune was great, for, being only 17 years old, theregimentalcommanderturnedmedownasavolunteer.YetItookpart both in the advance into and the retreat from Transylvania,andonSeptember20thwhenmyfatherfellwoundedaboveSovataon the Ceres-Domu mountain, I was useful to him ahead of theenemy's advance. Though wounded he refused to be evacuated,leadinghiscompanythroughouttheretreatandlaterintheheavyfightingthatfollowedatOituz.

At two o'clock one night the regiment received orders toadvance.Theofficersinspectedtheirtroopsmassedinatomb-likequietonthehighway.

Myfatherwasasked toreport to thecolonel.Returningafterashortwhile,hetoldme:"Woulditnotbebetterforyoutogobackhome?Wewill soon be engaged in battle and it is not good thatbothofusdiehere,forMotherthenisgoingtobeleftwithsixsmallchildren,with no support. The colonel calledme and toldme hedoesnotwanttotaketheresponsibilityofyourremaininghereonthefront."

I could tell his heart was in doubt: he hesitated at leaving mealone in the middle of the night, out in the open, on unfamiliarroads,25milesfromthenearestrailroad.

Notinghis insistence,however, I turned inmycarbineand thetwocartridgeholderswhilethecolumnsoftheregimentmovedon,

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disappearingintothequietanddarknessofnight.Iremainedaloneon the edge of a ditch, then started in the direction of the oldfrontierandhome.

When, a year later, on September 1st, I entered The MilitarySchoolofInfantryatBotosani,thethoughtwasstillinmymindtobe able to reach the front. Here I completed my education andmilitaryknowledge,fromSeptember1st,1917toJuly17,1918,intheMilitarySchool'sActiveCompany.Thefourdistinguishedofficers,Col.Slavescu,Capt.Ciurea,Lieut.FlorinRadulescuandMaj.Steflea,guidedmystepsinthewaysofbattleandsacrificeformycountry.

Another year passed–1919 brought peace, andwe, the childrenreadytodie,werescattered,eachtohishome.

My father, a teacher in secondary schools, had been a lifetimenationalist fighter. My grandfather was a forester, likewise mygreat-grandfather. The people of my nation have been from theverybeginning,inanydifficulthistoricaltimes,apeopleofwoodsandmountains.Thatiswhymysoldierlyupbringingandthebloodin my veins impressed on the action at Dobrina–a naivemanifestation–a note of seriousness, which our tender age wouldnothavepresupposed.

In thosemoments,we felt in ourhearts,with their advice andexperience, the presence of all our ancestors,whohad fought forMoldaviaonthesamepathstheenemiesneverpenetrated.

ATTHEUNIVERSITYOFIASISEPTEMBER1919

The summerpassed. I tookmybaccalaureate2 in the fall and ourgrouppartedways,eachdirectinghisstepstowardauniversity.

FromDobrinaweretainedonlythememoriesofdefendingourcountryagainst thewavesofenmitymenacinglyraisedbothfromwithoutandfromwithinourborders.

IwasleavingHusiatthiscrossroadforeveryyouth,theenrollment

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intoauniversity,thelong-awaitedenrollmentattheuniversity!AspreparationIhadthecapitalofknowledgeacquiredinhighschool,Sensational literature, or that of spiritual perversion which todayoccupies suchan importantplace in the formativeyearsofahighschooler–to his misfortune–I have not tasted. In addition to thecustomary literature of the Romanian classics, I had read all thearticlesintheSemanatorul("TheSower")andNeamulRomanesc("TheRomanianPeople")ofN.IorgaandA.C.Cuza.Myfatherhadtheseinsomeboxesintheattic.ThatiswhereIclimbedinmyfreehoursto busy myself with such literature. The essence of these articlescontainedtheexpressioninahighform,ofthethreeidealsof lifefortheRomanianpeople:

1. TheunificationoftheRomanianpeople.2. Theelevationofpeasantrythroughlandreformandpoliticalrights.3. ThesolutionoftheJewishproblem.

Therewere twomaximsprinted on the jackets of all nationalisticpublicationsofthattime:

"RomaniaoftheRomanians,onlyoftheRomaniansandofallRomanians."—N.Iorga.

"Nationalityisthecreativepowerofhumanculture,cultureisthecreativepowerofnationality."—A.C.Cuza.

I approached Iasi with great reverence—the Iasi loved andunderstoodbyeveryRomanian,thecityeverybodyatleastwantstovisit.

Many towns in Moldavia have some fragment of glory. Wecannot pronounce the names: Hotin, Barlad, Vaslui, Tighina,Cetatea-Alba,Soroca,withoutfeelingoursoulsuplifted.

ButabovealltheseriseSuceavaandIasi.Suceava, the fortress of Stefan the Great; and Iasi, the city of

Cuza-Voda,—the city of the Union of 1859, which through thefoundingoftheuniversity,becamethecityofyouthandthatofitsnoblestaspirations.

In Iasi lived: Miron Costin, Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu, MihailEminescu, Ion Creanga, Vasile Alecsandri, Costache Negri, Iacob

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Negruzzi,Mihail Kogalniceanu, SitnionBarnutiu, VasileConta,N.Iorga, Ion Gavanescul. Here, like a lighthouse, shines in PoliticalEconomy, the great personality of ProfessorCuza.The universitybecameaschoolofnationalism;Iasi,thecityofthegreatRomanianthrustforward,ofournationalgreatness,idealsandaspirations.Itisgreatfromthesorrowof1917whenhereinhistroubledhoursthetormented soulofKingFerdinand foundrefuge;great through itsdestinyofbeingin1918thecityofunionofallRomanians;greatbyvirtueofitsgreatpastandgreatbyitspresenttragedy-forthecityof the forty churches - dies daily forgotten under the mercilessJewishinvasionIasi,likeRome,builtonsevenhills,isandremainstheeternalcityofRomanianism.

Howmanygloriousmemories!Here were heard for the first time, resounding, those

harmoniousversesofAlecsandri:

"Romaniansofeveryfeather,Comeletusjoinhandstogether,"

Here, as nowhere else, the student feels hovering in the air oversilent Iasi, with their mysterious appeals and with their sacredurgings,thespiritsofourancestors.TheIasistudent,inthequietofthe night, hears, as if maddened by pain, the phantom of MihailEminescurunningthroughthetortuousstreetsofthecity,moaninglikeaghost:

"HewhotakesstrangerstoheartMaythedogseathisheartMaythewasteeathishomeMayill-famedevourhisfolks."

ThisisthetownIwasapproachingwithprofoundreverenceinthefallof1919beingattractedbyitsgreataura,butmovedalsobecauseitwashere that Iwasborn twentyyears earlier.And just like anychildIwasmovedtoagainseeandkissmynativeearth.

IregisteredintheSchoolofLaw.

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IasiUniversity, closed during thewar years, had reopened a yearearlier.Theoldstudents,returnednowasveterans,retainedthelineof the traditionalnationalismof student lifebefore thewar.Theyweredividedintotwocamps.one,undertheleadershipofLabuscafromLetters, andanother,under thatofNelu Ionescu, fromLaw.These groups, small in number, were overwhelmed by theimmense mass of Jewish students coming over to school fromBessarabia,allcommunistagentsandpropagandists.

The university's professors, excepting a very limited groupheaded by A.C. Cuza, Ion Gavanescul and Corneliu Sumuleanu,weresupportersofthesameleftistideas.ProfessorPaulBujor,oneofthemajority'sexponentsstatedquitedearlyinthecountry'sfullSenate:"ThelightcomesfromtheEast,"namely,frombeyondtheDniester.

Such an attitude on the part of the professorswho considered"barbarous" any nationalistic idea or note, resulted in the totaldisorientationofthestudents,someopenlysupportingBolshevism,others-thegreaterpart-saying:"Saywhatyouwill,nationalismispasse,mankindmovestowardtheleft."TheLabuscagroupslippedtotally in this direction. The Nelu Ionescu group, to which Iadhered, scattered in time, following some elections in theuniversitywhichtheylost.

Theadvancementoftheseanti-Romanianideas,supportedbyacompact mass of professors and students, and encouraged by allenemies of unified Romania, found among the student body noRomanianresistance.Afewofuswhowerestill tryingtomanthebarricadesweresurroundedbyanatmosphereofscornandenmity.On the streetsor in thehallsof theuniversity, colleaguesholdingotheropinions,,thosewith"freedomofconscience"andwhopreachevery other kind of freedom, spat behind us as we passed andbecame increasinglyaggressive.Thousandsof students inmeetingaftermeetinginwhichBolshevismwaspropagated,attackedArmy,justice, Church, Crown. There was only one association that yetmaintainedaRomaniancharacter: "AvramIancu"belongingtotheBucovinans and Transylvanians, under the leadership of Vasilelasinschi,astudent.

The university, traditionally nationalistic since 1860, became anestofanti-Romanianism.

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REVOLUTIONBEINGPREPARED

But it was not wholly in the university that this situation existed.Iasi's mass of workingmen, almost entirely immersed inCommunism,wasatthereadytoeruptintorevolution.Littleworkwas done in factories. Hours on end they held meetings andcouncils; mostly about politics rather than work. We foundourselves systematically sabotaged, according to plan and bycommand: "break, destroy machinery, create the state of generalmaterial misery which leads to the eruption of revolution." Andindeed, themorethiscommandwasobeyed, themorethemiseryspread, hunger threatened menacingly and rebellion grew in thesoulsofthemultitudes.

Every threeor fourdayson the streetsof Iasi therewerehugecommunist demonstrations. Those 10–15,000 starved workers,maneouveredby the Judaiccriminalhand fromMoscow,paradedthestreetswhilesingingtheinternationale,yelling:"DownwiththeKing!""DownwiththeArmy!"andcarryingplacardsonwhichonecouldread"Longlivethecommunistrevolution!""LongliveSovietRussia!"

If these had been victorious, would we have had at least aRomanialedbyaRomanianworkers'regime?WouldtheRomanianworkershavebecomemastersofthecountry?No!Thenextdaywewouldhavebecometheslavesofthedirtiesttyranny:theTalmudic,Jewishtyranny.

Greater Romania, after less than a second of existence, wouldhavecollapsed.

We, the Romanian people, would have been mercilesslyexterminated, killed or deported throughout Siberia: peasants,workers, intellectuals, all pell-mell. The land from Maramures tothe Black Sea, snatched from Romanian hands, would have beencolonizedbyJewishmasses.HereitisthattheywouldhavebuiltuptheirtruePalestine.

IwasperfectlyawarethatinthosehoursthelifeanddeathoftheRomanian people was at stake. And, so were the Jews who werepushing the Romanian workers into revolution. They had nosympathy with the anguish which gripped our hearts in thosemoments or with the anxiety betrayed, in our eyes. They knewwhat they were doing. Only the Romanian intellectuals wereunconscious.The intellectuals who had gone to school and were

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supposedtoenlightenthepeopleindifficulttimes-forthatiswhythey were intellectuals - were absent from their duty. Theseunworthy beings in those decisive moments maintained with acriminalunconsciousnessthat"thelightcomesfromtheEast."Whowas to oppose the revolutionary columns which marchedmenacinglythroughthestreetsofallourtowns?Thestudents?No!Theintelligentsia?No!Thepolice?Siguranta3?These,whenhearingthe columns approach, panicked and vanished. Not even themilitarycouldbartheirway.Foronedidnottalkof1,000men,butof15,000,of20,000,organizedandhungry.

THEGUARDOFTHENATIONALCONSCIENCE

Onerainyeveninginthefallof1919inthemess-hallofTheSchoolofArtsandCrafts,whereIwasacouncilor,afriendofmineshowedmeanewspapernotice.

"TheGuardoftheNationalConscienceholdsameetingthisevening,Thursday,9o'clock,No.3AlecsandriSt."

I left immediately, runningwith great impatience to knowand toenrollinthisorganizationwhoseanti-communistflyersIhadreadseveralmonthsearlier.

In the room on No. 3 Alecsandri St., set up with newly-madebenches, I found only one man already there. He was about 40,brawnyanddowncast,sittingatatable,waitingforpeopletocome.Abighead,twostrongarms,heavyfists,ofmiddlestature.HewasConstantin Pancu, the President of The Guard of the NationalConscience.

Iintroducedmyself,tellinghimIwasastudentandthatIwishedtobeadmittedasafighterintotheGuard.Heacceptedme.Isatinatthatmeeting.Abouttwentypersonscame:atypesetter,Voinescu;a student; about four mechanics from R.M.S.4, two from therailways; several tradesmen and workers; the lawyer VictorClimescu, and a priest. Several questions were discussed inconnection with the momentum gained by the communistmovement in various factories and part of the city and with the

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problemoforganizingtheGuard.Fromthateveningonmyroadbifurcated.onehalfinthefightat

the university, the other half with Constantin Pancu, among theworkers.IbecameattachedtothismanandIstoodwithhimunderhisleadershipconstantlytilltheorganizationdisbanded.

CONSTANTINPANCU

ConstantinPancu,whosenamewasonthelipsofallIasiansinbothcamps, uttered hopefully by Romanians, in horror by the others,wasnotanintellectual.

He was a tradesman, plumber and electrician. He never wentbeyondfourprimarygrades.Hehadalucid,balancedmindwhichhehimselfenrichedwithadequateknowledge.Fortwentyyearshehadbeenoccupiedwithworkers'problems.Hehadbeenforseveralyears thepresidentof themetallurgicalunion.Hewasa first classspeaker.Atthepodium,beforeacrowd,hewasimpressive.Hehada soul anda conscience thatwere clearlyRomanian.He lovedhiscountry, the military, the King. A good Christian. He had themuscles of a circus fighter and force trulyHerculean. Iasians hadknownhimforalongtime.

BeforethewaracircuscametoIasiwhichheldfightingshows.There were among the combatants men from all nations.Hungarians, Turks, Romanians, Russians, etc. one evening, whenone of them won over all the other fighters, from among thespectators a citizen stood up asking to fight the winner. He waspermitted to do so. He undressed and the fight started. in twominutestheHungariancircusstrongmanwasthrowntotheground,defeated.TheRomanianwhowonamidst thecrowd'senthusiasticadmiration,wasnoneotherthanConstantinPancu.

That iswhywhen his call to battle appeared for the first timeonthestreetsofIasi,thepublicwhichworshipsstrength,accepteditwithtrust.

His effort lasted one year, increasing as the Bolshevikmenacegrew,thendecreasingasitdiminished.

Smallmeetingswereheldat first, thenrallies thatreached5,6,even 10,000 people. These took place weekly during the criticalperiod in the PrinceMirceaHall, or sometimes inUnion Square.

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Among those who spoke regularly was myself. This is where Ilearnedhowtospeakbeforeacrowd.UndeniablyTheGuardoftheNational Conscience raised the conscience of Romanians at acriticaltime,inanimportantplaceasthatofIasiandplaceditlikeabarrierbeforethecommunistwave.

Thisactivityhowever,wasnot limitedonly to Iasi.Wewent toother towns. In addition, the paper Constiinta ("The Conscience")whichwasregularlypublished,penetratedwithitscryofalarmintonearlyallthetownsofMoldaviaandBessarabia.

Almostdailyoutinthefieldbetweenthetwocamps, inevitablebloody clashes occurred, our side sustaining the most wounded.Thistensesituationlasteduntilspring,butaftertwogreatvictoriesfor our side, the offensive power of our adversaries was muchreduced.

THEOCCUPATIONOFTHEAGENCYOFSTATEMONOPOLIESBYTHEGUARDOFTHENATIONAL

CONSCIENCE

It was either on the 10th or the 11th of February, 1920. For twoweeks there had been talk of a nationwide general strike. Thedecisive battle was approaching. it was rumored in town thataround noon at the A.S.M., where about 1,000 workers wereemployed, the strike was declared, the red flag raised, the King'spicture lowered and trampled underfoot, being then replaced bythoseofKarlMarx,TrotskyandRakowski.

Ourpeopletherewerebeaten,themechanics,membersofTheGuard,wounded.At 1o'clock, about 100ofusgot together atourheadquarters. What to do? Pancu chaired the discussion. Thereweretwoopinions.Someclaimedweshouldsendtelegramstothegovernment,requestingmilitaryintervention.MyopinionwasthatthosepresentshouldheadfortheA.S.M.andteardowntheredflagatanyrisk.Mypointofviewwasagreedupon.Wetookourflagandat 1o'clock ledbyPancuwestartedmarchingonLapusneanuandPacurari singing Desteapta-te Romane ("Awaken, Ye Romanian").Close to the factory in the street we broke up several groups ofcommunists.

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Weentered the factory's courtyardandwent into thebuilding,carrying the flag all theway to the roof,where Iplanted it. FromthereIgaveatalk.Themilitaryappearedandoccupiedthefactory.We retreated singing, then returned to our headquarters,consideringourrapidincursionasuccess.Thenewsofourattitudeflashed through the town like lightning, yet the strike continued.Themilitarycouldonlydefendtheflag,itcouldnotmaketheplantrun.Whatwastobedone?Anideaoccurredtoustosearchthecityfor workers in order to open the plant. in three days, 400 newworkers,gatheredfromallquartersofIasi,enteredtheplant.Thisbegantorun;thestrikehadfailed.Twoweekslater,halfthestrikersdemandedthattheybereturnedtowork.Ourvictorywasgreat.

The first step toward thegeneral strikewas rejected.Theplansof the Judeo-Communist consortium began to be frustrated. OuractionhadaresoundingechowithinRomanianranksraisingtheirmorale.

THETRICOLORFLAGOVERTHENICOLINAWORKS

The most powerful communist center was formed by theRomanian railway works at Nicolina. Over 4,000 men workedthere,nearlyallbolshevized.Residentialareasaroundtheseworks,Podul Ros, Socola and Nicolina, were invaded by a considerablenumber of Jews. That is why the leader of the communistmovement in Iasi, Dr. Ghelerter and his aide, Gheler, fixed theirpointofresistancehere.

AmonthhadnotpassedsincetheirdefeatattheA.S.M.andasasignaltobeginthegeneralstrikeandthedecisivebattle,theredflagwas hoisted fluttering over the works. A strike was declared.Thousands of workers were pouring out. The authorities werepowerless.

ThroughflyersweconvokedallRomanianstoameetinginthePrinceMirceaHall.Afterthespeeches,weleftthebuildingwithourflagsandthewholecrowdheadedforNicolina.InUnionSquarewewerestoppedbytheauthoritieswhoadvisedusagainstcontinuing,for therewereover5,000armedcommunists therewaitingforusandmuchbloodshedwouldtakeplace.

So we turned from Union Square toward the railway station,

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wherewe hoisted flags over the engine roundhouse and over thestation.Thenwe commandeered a trainon the track andwent toNicolina. Someone threw the switch in the Nicolina station andtrainandallentered theNicolinaworks.Wegotoff. In theshops,noone.Ononeof thebuildings, the red flag. I climbedup a fireescape holding a tricolor flag between my teeth. With somedifficulty, for itwasatagreatheight, I reached therooœIgotontheroofandcrawledtothetop.Isnatchedtheredflagandamidstthetrulytremendoushurrahs,lastingseveralminutes,Ihoistedandsecured the tricolor flag. Then, from there I spoke. Outside thewalls, the communists increasing innumbers, steadilygrew into acompact mass and demonstrated menacingly. An infernal racket.Inside,hurrahsi,outside,boosandcursing.ThenIslowlydescendedto the ground. Pancu ordered our departure. But at the gate thecommunists barred our exit, yelling: "Let Pancu and Codreanucome forward!" We stepped 30 yards in front of our crowd andheadedforthegate.Inthemiddle,Pancu,onhisrightatradesman,Margarint,withmyselfontheleft.Allthreeofusadvancedsayingnothing,keepingourhandsinourpocketsontherevolvers.Thoseatthegatewatchedus,quietandunmoving.Nowwewerebutafewstepsaway.Iexpectedthewhizofabulletgoingpastmyear.Butwekepton,straightanddetermined.However,thiswasaveryunusual,soulful moment. We were now but a couple of steps away. Thecommunists steppedasideopeningup forus!Forabout tenyardswe walked in tomb-like silence through their midst. We lookedneither to the left nor to the right. Nothing was heard, not evenhumanbreathing.

Ourmenfollowedus.Butastheycamethrough,thesilencewasbroken.Cursingbegan,withthreatsonbothsides,Butnofighting.inabody,weheadedalongtherailroadtowardthestation.Behindus, over the works, the blowing wind fluttered the cloth of thevictorioustricolor.

Themoraleffectofthisactionwasincomparable.ThewholeofIasiwas in an uproar. Everybody on the streets spoke only aboutThe Guard of the National Conscience. A current of Romanianawakeningwasfeltintheair,Thetrains,carriedfurthertothefourcorners of the country the news of this resurrection.We realizedthatBolshevismwouldbedefeatedbecause facing it,aswellasonits flanks, a barrier of conscience had been raised which wouldpreventitsexpansion.

All roads to its further encroachment were now closed. Fromnowonitmustretreat.

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Not long after, action by Geti. Averescu's administration wasadded to our efforts, enough so that this movement's prospectswerealtogethernullified.

NATIONAL-CHRISTIANSOCIALISMTHENATIONALSYNDICATES

TheGuardof theNationalConsciencewasafightingorganizationdesignedtoknockouttheenemy.

Iwas talkingwithPancumanytimethoseevenings in1919, forwewere together constantly and almost regularly ate at his table.AndIwastellinghim:

"ItisnotenoughtodefeatCommunism.Wemustalsofightfortherightsoftheworkers.Theyhavearighttobreadandafighttohonor,Wemustfightagainsttheoligarchicparties,creatingnationalworkersorganizationswhichcangaintheirrightswithintheframeworkofthestateandnotagainstthestate.

"We permit no one to try raising on Romanian soilanother flag, save that of our national history. No matterbowrighttheworkers'classmaybe,wedonottoleratethatitriseupagainstthecountryorthatitmakecommoncausewith foreign movements outside our borders, No one willadmitthatforyourbreadyoulaywasteandbandoverintothe bands of a foreign people of bankers and usurers,everything that for twomillennia the sweat of a people ofworkers and brave ones has saved. Your rights, yes-butwithin the rightsofyourpeople. It is inadmissible that foryour tight, the historic right of the nation to which youbelongbetrampledunderfoot.

"But we will neither admit that in the shelter of thetricolor formulas an oligarchic and tyrannical class mayinstallitselfonthebacksoftheworkersofallcategoriesandliterally skin them, while continually waving bannersthroughtheairforFatherland-whichtheydonotlove;God-in Whom they do not believe; Church-into which theynever enter; and Army-which they sent to war empty-handed.

"These are realities which cannot be used as falseemblems forpolitical fraud in thehandsof some immoralprestidigitators."

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Then we began organizing the workers into national unions, andeven a political party: "TheNational-Christian Socialism5 ." ItwasthenthatPancuwrote:

THECREEDOFNATIONAL-CHRISTIANSOCIALISM

"I believe in the one and undividedRomanian State, fromDniestertotheTisa,theholderofallRomaniansandonlyofRomanians, lover of work, honor and in fear of God,concernedabout thecountryand itspeople;giverofequalrights, both civil and political, to men and to women;protector of the family, paying its public servants andworkersonthebasisofthenumberofchildrenandtheworkperformed,qualityandquantity;andinaState,supporterofsocial harmony through minimizing of class differences;and in addition to salaries, nationalizing factories (thepropertyofallworkers)anddistributingthelandamongalltheploughmen.

"It would distribute benefits between owner (state orprivate)andworkers.The formerowner, inaddition tohisownsalaryshouldgetapercentageinverselyproportionaltothe size of his original investment; furthermore, the Statewouldinsurehisoriginalinvestment;furthermore,theStatewould insure the workers through a 'risks fund;' wouldprovide storehouses for foodandclothing forworkers andcivil servants who, organized in national unions will havetheir representatives in the administrative boards of thevariousindustrial,agriculturalandcommercialinstitutions.

"I believe in a great and strong 'father of the workers'and King of the peasants, Ferdinand the First, who hassacrificedallforthehappinessofRomaniaandwhoforoursalvationbecameasonewiththepeople;whoattheheadofhis troopsatMarastiandMarasestivanquished theenemy;who ever since, looks lovingly and trustingly upon thesoldiers owing him allegiance, soldiers who will find theirmilitarydutytobearealschooloftheirnationwhichtheycanfinishinayear.

"I believe in one tricolor surrounded by the rays ofNational-Christian Socialism, symbol of harmony amongthebrothersandsistersofGreaterRomania.

"I believe in one Sacred Christian Church with priestsliving theGospel and for theGospel, andwhowould, likethe apostles, sacrifice themselves for the enlightenment ofthemany.

"I recognize the election of the Ministers by theChamber, the abolition of the Senate, the organization ofruralpolice,aprogressiveincometax,schoolsofagriculture

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andcraftsinthevillages,'circles'forhousewivesandadults,homes for invalids and old folks, national homes, thedetermination of paternity, effectively bringing theknowledgeofthelawstoeverybody,theencouragementofprivate initiative in the interest of the Nation, and thedevelopmentofthepeasant'shomeindustry.

"Iawait theresurrectionofnationalconscienceeven inthemosthumbleshepherdandthedescentoftheeducatedinto themidstof the tired, to strengthenandhelp themintruebrotherhood,thefoundationofRomaniaoftomorrow.Amen!""The Guard of the National Conscience." The newspaperConstiinta("TheConscience"),Monday,February9,1920.

Thenwebegantheorganizationofthenationalunions.The following document shows how one of our unions was

formed.IpublishitinordertoemphasizetheconscientiousnessoftheIasianworkersatthattime:

Minutes!"Theundersignedtradesmen,workersandclerksofthe

tobacco plant A.S.M., met this evening, Monday February2,1920, at the headquarters of the Guard of the NationalConscience,No.3AlecsandriSt.underthechairmanshipofMr.C.Pancu,activepresidentoftheGuard.

WHEREAS the criminal tendencies of certainindividuals who serve interests that are foreign to thispeople,and,

WHEREAS the propaganda in which they engage,namely to strike at thewell-beingof this institutionandattheveryexistenceofthoseofuswhohavebeenworkingallourlivesforasliceofbread,whichisouronlyfoodandthatofourchildren,

WE,honestandlaw-abidingRomanianworkers,wishingtomarchunitedbeneaththeflagofourcountryontheroaddictatedbythesupremeinterestsofourpeople,forthewell-beingofthisinstitutioninordertohelpstoponceandforallthepropagandaofourenemywithinourranks,

DECIDED to constitute ourselves into a professionalnational union, for which we elected the followingcommittee and a delegate of the Guard of the NationalConscience."

Therefollow183signatures."Constiinta"("TheConscience"),February9,1920,Nos.17and18.

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ATRUTHFULPICTUREOFTHESITUATIONIN1919

Itrytoreportthemomentof1919-20,takingfromnewspapersandmanifestoeswhatIconsidertobesignificant.

ThefirstmanifestoissuedbyConstantinPancuatIasiinAugust1919,postedonallwallseverywhereinIasi,inamomentofgeneraldisorientation, is the signal tobattle for theRomanianworkersofIasi:

APPEALTOTHEROMANIANTRADESMEN,WORKERS,SOLDIERSANDPEASANTS

Brothers,

"Following years of frightful battles the world celebratespeaceamongmen;thewiseleadersinallcivilizedcountriesendeavor, to do away with war by establishing a law toguaranteeapeacefulexistenceinthefuture.

"Butlo,fromtheEastonehearsvoicesofhatredwhichindicatetheattemptofourenemiestoripusapartthroughdiscord and misunderstandings among us. From Russia,ruledbythedarknessoferroneousteachings,weareurgedtobattleandfireandtokillourbrothersoflikeblood.

"FromHungary,whichweepsoverherformergrandeur,onehears the sameurgings.The enemies in theEast haveunitedwith those in theWest todisturbourpeace so theycaninvadeus.

"Theforeignersbeyondourborderstrytopassthecupofpoisonamongus,throughthealienslivinginthebosomofourcountry.Theydarestatethattheyprodusforwardinthenameof peace, justice and liberty, and in thenameofthe workers. Their word is a lie, their urgings a killingpoisonfor:

"Theysaytheywantpeace,buttheythemselvesdestroyit,killingthemostworthy;

"Demand freedom, but by death threats, oblige peopletosubmittothem;

"Wishbrotherhood,whiletheysowhatred,injustice,andlicentiousnesswithinnations.

"Moreover, they say they want the abolishment ofcapitalearnedbythesweatofone'sbrow.

"Theytellustheydonotwantwar,buttheywar."They demand the army be abolished, but they arm

themselves.Theyurgeus todiscard the tricolor flag,whileinitssteadtheyhoisttheredflagofhatred.DonotlendanycredencetotheirmanifestoesandurgingsjustasyoudidnotbelievethatoftheenemywhenyouwerefightingatOituz,MarastiandMarasesti.

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"ThedutyofeverygoodRomanianistoseetoitthatinthefuture,too,theseedofdissentiontheenemyendeavorstothrowamongusdoesnottakeroot.

"Perfect the Work you began by your labor and yourhonor.Yourenemiesaretheindolence,hatredanddishonorthatruleacrosstheborders,thatthreatenusaswell.

"Beware! Keep clean your soul, do not forget that oursalvationiswork,unityandhonor.

Brothersoldiers,

"With faith in God, you have broken the enemy's power.With your weapons you have carved for eternity thecountry'sborders.

"With your blood you have perfected and sealed yoursacrifice.

"That is why you must not allow foreign and lawlessbandstodestroythatwhichyouperfected.Continuetoholdyour love of country and faith in your King. You took anoath to defend with your blood to the last drop thefatherland'sborders.Guardthemattentivelyagainsttheevilintentions of the enemy, for that is what our parents andancestorsdid.

Brotherpeasants,

"TheGodof our parents tookmercyonour suffering andgaveusasbountifulayearaswasrarelyseen.Begratefultothe good Lord, through your labor and your faith. Renewyour working powers, gather assiduously the yield of theland.Restassuredthat the landfromtheTisa, theDanube,andtheBlackSea,wasentirelywonbyyou.

"Keep it in sacredness, defend its riches through yourlaborandyourlove.

BrotherRomanians,

"It is inyouthat thehopesandstrengthof thiscountry lie.Youarealso thehappinessof tomorrow.Donotgatherforyourselvescurses,butblessings.

"TheenemyisattackingattheDniesterandattheTisa.Healsotriestodisrupttheinnerpeaceofourcountry.

"Ourdeliveranceisinlabor,honor,loveofcountryandfaithinGod.

"Becareful,callonto therighteouspathalso thosewhostraying have crossed over to those without a people andwithout a faith. United around the throne and under theshadowof the tricolorbannerstandwatchfor thepeaceofthecountry.

"Tell the foreigners and foreign-lovers who try to

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disturbus,thataroundusanationalguardhasformedthatwatches, that will fight those wishing to sow among usdiscord.

"Romanians everywhere, workers, craftsmen, soldiersandpeasants,beworthyofourancestorsandof thecallofthesetimesinwhichwelive."

(ss) the Romanian circle of tradesmen; the RailwayTraction Union; the Society of the War Invalids; theIronworkers'Guild,etc.Constiinta("TheConscience"),August30,1919,lstyear,No.1

THELEADERSOFTHEROMANIANWORKERS

The leaders of the Romanian communist workers were neitherRomaniansnorworkers.

AtIasi:Dr.Ghelerter,Jew;Gheler,Jew;Spiegler,Jew;Schreiber,Jew,etc.

AtBucharest:IlieMoscovici,Jew;Pauker,Jew,etc.Aroundthem,groupsoflostRomanianworkers.Hadtherevolutionbeensuccessful,thepresidentoftherepublic

that would have usurped the great King Ferdinand, would havebeenIlieMoscovici.

InGreaterRomania'sParliwnentin1919whilethedeputiesandsenators of all reunitedRomanianprovinces, thrilled by the greatactoftheUnion,stoodupandapplaudedtheunifiergreatKing,thisMr.llieMoscovicirefusedtostandup,ostentatiouslysittingdown.

THEATTITUDEOFTHEJEWISHPRESS

ItisnecessarytounderscoretheattitudeoftheJewishpressinthoseperiloustimesfortheRomanianpeople.EverytimetheRomaniannationwasmenacedinitsexistence,thispresssupportedthethesesthatbestsuitedourenemies.

As in fact, following the events, it can easily be seen that thesamethesesweredoggedlyopposedanytimetheywerefavouringamovementofRomanianrevival.

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Forthem,ourworriesweredaysofjoy,whileourjoysforthemweredaysofmourning.

FREEDOM

Freedom, so much today denied to the national movement, wasback then considereddogma, because itwas to serve the causeofourdestruction.

Here is, for instance,whatAdevarul ("TheTruth")ofDecember28, 1919 wrote under the signature of Emil D. Fagure (real nameHonigmann):

"By according to the Socialist Party the right to freelydemonstrate,onecannotmaintainthatsaidpartyisgrantedaprivilege.Nomatterwhatthepartythatwantstodemonstrateis,thisrightwillhavetoberespected....."

HATRED

Wecanreadinthesamepaper:

"Hatred must forever be the guide against the party of

murderers,thatruled,headedbyIonBratianu6."

The Judaic hatred of the Romanians is blessed; is supported; oneinvokesit.Itisnotacrime.Itisnotamedievalshame.

But when it comes time for the Romanians to defend theirinfringedrights,theiractionislabeled"hatred"andhatredbecomesasignofbarbarism,adebasingsentimentonwhichnothingcanbebuilt.

LEGALORDERAdevarul("TheTruth"),October5,1919

"It is finished!By the 'high'decree-law, for thedurationofthe electoral period a new regime is instituted, muchrougher than before, one of siege and censorship, theoppositionandthewholecountrybeingtakenoutsideofthe

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law.Itispureandsimple,theregimeofmilitarydictatorship

inwhichthecrownaloneisall-powerful;thecrownandtheLiberalParty,andasanexecutorofthesetwowills,youhavethegovernmentofgenerals......thusthedecree-lawforbidsustoattacktheCrown.Iftellingthetruthbetakenasanattack,i.e., that the crown took onto itself the heavy burden ofgoverning the countrywith theLiberalParty, then still, thisattackwemustmake.

"Thedecreeforbidsusfromattackingthepresentformof administration, if by this isunderstood thatwehavenoright to protest with all vehemence against the presentgovernmentwhich is the resultof theunconstitutionalwilloftwopersons,wewillprotest....

"Ifthereisnootherwayopenagainstthisstateofaffairs,ifweknewthattheincitationtorevoltoragainsttheso-calledlegalorderwouldhaveanyeffect–thisunfortunately isnotthecase–wewouldnothesitateasinglemomenttodoit,forthereis no other means of fighting against such a dictatorial andtyrannicalregime.

"We consider ourselves facing an armed band whichplacesitselfoutsidethelawandusesbrutalforce....

"Despiteall thiswewillraisethisbannerandfallingwewillyetcry:'Downwithtyranny;''Longlivefreedom'."

ThisthenistheJewishpressof1919.Inotherwords:incitingtorebellionagainsttheCrown,againstthe

formofgovernmentandthelegalorder.

INCITATIONTOREVOLTAdevarul("TheTruth"),October11,1919

"Themadmen!Wherearethemadmen?""Aswe said,we have toomanywell-behavedmen and

nomadmen.Or,madmen iswhatweneed.Those of 1848

weremadmenandtheyuprootedtheboyars'7regimeofthetime....

"We too, need madmen. With well-behaved men whosplit a hair into 14 stWnot, arriving, at a decision, there isnothing to be done.We need at least onemadman, if notmoreofthem.Whatis thismadmangoingtodo,howdoIknow?.....

"Onemadmanthen isasked for.Let then themadmencome.

"Even the socialists have become well-behaved, Inrealitytheyhaveapartybehindthemandmenwhoshouldfear no one. I see they are not afraid, but they arenevertheless well-behaved. As I. Nadejde did of old, theystubbornlystaywithinthelegalframework,Thoseinpower,

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civilians and military, wish to take them out, a uselessendeavor,Theirtacticisthelegalstate.Evenwhentheyareshotat,asonDecember13,1918,whentheyarebeatentoapulp, when Frimu is lowered by his henchmen into hisgrave, the socialists protest-granted, with great dignity-buttheydonotstepoutsidethelaw.

"Inanycaseweneedmadmen."Letthemadmenwhowouldbegintheillegalaction,or

that against the law, against today's state of affairs, comeforward.

THECROWN

TotheRomaniansthecrownalwaysconstitutedadearpatrimony.Astheguarantorofourunityandresistancefacinganydangers,theJewsneverhesitatedtoattackit,toinsultandcompromiseitbyanymeans.

Here is, for example, how Dimineata ("The Morning") ofNovember16,1919,treatsKingFerdinand.

"Becauseofanerror”

"Ananimalhasneedoflimitedpreoccupations,butitsbrainsuffices to fulfill them. Rarely, extremely rarely, is theanimal wrong. Likewise his intelligence, no matter howsmall,preventsitfromfallingintogrosserror.

"ItisnotthesamewiththeKing."Iwanttospeakofthekingofcreation."The king of creation is much more intelligent than a

dog, a horse, an ass. This is certain. But whereas none oftheseanimalswouldstepofftheedgeofaprecipice,wouldnotthrowthemselvesintothewaterstodrownorwouldnotattemptanunsafemove,thekingofcreationdailycommitsunpardonableerrors.....

"WisdomdemandedthattheKingnotpermithimselftofallprisonerintothehandsofasinglemanorparty.

"With all due respect I am duty-bound to tell HisMajesty he erred. The situation which is so unclear is thework of His Majesty. For His Majesty, giving in to someguilty and interested obsessions, has run away from thenaturalsolutionsthattheinternalsituationdemanded.

"Ifeventodaythecrownwillnotdecidetoenterintothenatural ways which are divorced from future interests,naturewillexactitsrightswithevengreaterdetermination.

"Letthekingofcreationbeadvised."

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THECHRISTIANCHURCHOpinia("TheOpinion"),August10,1919

"ThenationalistsofIasibegintoagitate.Therearetoofewofthemandtheyaretooscoundrely,thatiswhytheiragitatingwhich in timespastwas revolting, is todayridiculous,pureandsimple.

"The nationalists formed a 'Guard of the NationalConscience'.Manifestoeswere issued;meetingswereheld…Chauvinistic students were also invited. The customarypriests also came... At a timewhen everywhere, out of themost despotic laws, differences among nationalities are,being abolished, in our country nationalists want toaccentuate these differences.... this particularly at themoment when the peace conference wants to impose bytreatythecontrolofminorities....

"Wheneverywhere the church is being separated fromthestate,remainingtheprivateconcernofeveryindividual,in our country the nationalists appeal to the clergy fororganizedreligiouspropagandaofprinciple...

"Thenthepriestintervenes:hegentlygraspsthepeoplebythehairoftheirheadsandbeatstheirforeheadsagainstthestonesof the church until they are dazed. It is in the church that thepeople learn humility and resignation. Such is the will ofGod.

"Nooneisfooledbyliesanylonger.Itisinvainthatthenationalists pin tricolor bands on their sleeves, that theyincite the plebeian intellectuals against the Jews, that theyhave the priests anathemize us in church. No one todayfearstheiranathema.

"Wepreachloveamongpeople.Andkickatthedoorofthetempleswhichshelterhatredandrevenge...."

Signed:M.Sevastos

THEPROCESSIONOpinia("TheOpinion"),October26,1919

"Totheappealofthe'GuardoftheNationalConscience,'thehonorable clergy placed at the disposal of thedemonstrators,theirbeards,vestments,andcburcbbanners.

"Buttheluxuryofhavingatone'sdisposalaGodwithawholestaffmustbepaidfor.Wepreferthatfromourtaxesaprofessor be hired, not a priest. We wish therefore theseparationofchurchfromthestate.Forwedonotwishthatour forced contribution serve to encourage obscurantism,renunciation and the spirit of resignation, thanks towhichpoliceregimesaremaintainsmaintained.

"Back to the Middle Ages? To the Inquisition? We areexasperated by the terror in striped pants and tails, andmilitary tunic, nor can we any longer tolerate the terror

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wearing the religious habit, It hurts us to see streetdemonstrations prompted by political intrigues and themilitary, and no longer wish to witness parades of mitresandofredneck-kerchiefs...

"Enough!"The cupolas of the churches weigh heavily upon the

shoulders of humanity; the prostrations pull it to theground.

"Thisprocessionisgoingtobeaninsipidone.Onewillsee on the streets museum vestments, brilliant-studdedscepters,miters...Crosseswillbeseen,andstoles.

"Beards will pass, Orators with contorted gestures willbare their chests showing the crowd their bloodied side-suckingbetweenteethspongessoakedinvinegar..."

Signed:M.Sevastos

It is clear. From here to attacking officers and tearing off theirstripesisbutonestep.Alsoonesteptoknockingdownthechurcheswith picks or to their transformation into stables or places ofsadistic parties for the little Jewish reporters from Opinia ("TheOpinion"), Adevarul ("The Truth"), Dimineata ("The Morning") andtheirpeople.

I saw in the columns of these newspapers, at a time of greatRomanianhardship, all thehatredand foxyplottingof anenemyrace,settledandtoleratedherebythepityandonlybythepityoftheRomanians.IsawhowtheyflauntedtheirlackofrespectfortheRomanian Army's glory and for the hundreds of thousands whodiedinitssanctifieduniform;theirlackofrespectfortheChristianfaithofanentirepeople.

No day passed without venom being poured into our heartsfromeachpage.

Byreading thosenewspaperswhichcrispedmysoul, Icametoknowtherealfeelingsofthesealiens,whichtheyrevealedwithoutreticence, at a time they thought we had been knocked to theground.

I learned enough anti-Semitism in one year to last me threelifetimes. For one cannot strike the sacred beliefs of a people orwhat their heart loves and respects, without hurting them to thedepths and without blood dripping from their wound. Seventeenyearshavepassedsinceandthewoundisstillbleeding.

MayIbepermittedonceagaintofulfillasacredduty,mentioning

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here thishero, an athleteofChristianworkingmen, the craftsmanConstantin Pancu, under whose command I stood and by whosesideIwouldstayuntilthe"RedBeast,"ashecalledit,wasdefeated.

Itistothisman-tohiscourageandsteadfastness-thatisowedthedeliveranceofthecityofIasifromdestruction.

Sevenyearslater,thisgiant,weakenedbysufferingandpoverty,waswalkingthestreetsofIasilikeashadow,seekingaidtowardthetreatment of a heart ailment.He died ill and poor, forgotten andunaided, in the midst of a country that cared not, and in a citywhichhedefendedwithhisownbodyinitsmosttryinghours.

THEFIRSTSTUDENTCONGRESSAFTERTHEWAR—CLUJ,SEPTEMBER4,5,6,1920

This congress was held in the National Theater in Cluj, in anatmosphereofgreatenthusiasm,asaresultoftheunificationoftheRomanianpeoplebyforceofarmsandtheirsacrifice.Thiswasthefirstmeetingof theyoung intellectualsof apeoplewhohadbeenuptothenscatteredtothefourwindsbydestinyandmisfortune.

Twothousandyearsof injusticesandsufferingwerecoming toanend.

Whatenthusiasm!Howmanysacredemotions!Howmanytearsdidweallshed!

But as great as our enthusiasm was for the present whichoverwhelmedourhearts through itsmajesty, justasgreatwasourdisorientationwith respect towhat line to follow in the future. ItwasfromthisuncertaintythattheJudaicpowersoughttoprofit,bysuggesting to and ultimately exerting pressure on the ministries,Masonryandpoliticianstoplaceontheagendaofthecongressthepossible admittance of Jewish students into the students'associations.

InotherwordsthetransformationoftheRomanianassociationsintomixedRomanian-Jewishoneswasattempted.Thedangerwasserious:ononehandBolshevismknockingatthedoor,ontheotherthe probability of being overwhelmed numerically by Judeo-communistelementsinourowngroups.Inatleasttwoofthem,IasiandCernauti,thesituationwastragic.

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In spite of this, the leaders of the congress, Labusca, thepresidentof the Iasi studentassociationandhisentirecommittee;Nazarie, Bucharest's president with his whole committee and allassociations; and Puscaru, Cluj's president, were won over to thisidea. Young students are influenced very easily particularly whentheylackafaith.Theyletthemselvesbelurednotsomuchbytheimmediate material advantages they might be offered but moreparticularly by flattery andby theprospect of a great future theywerepromised.

But theyouthmust know thatnomatterwhatpositionhewillhold,heisasentinelintheserviceofthenationandthatpermittinghimself tobebought, flattered, lured,meansaderelictionofduty,andcouldevenleadtodesertionorbetrayal.

A small unofficial group of us from Iasi, unshakeable in ourdetermination,unitedwith thatof theBucovinans, fought fiercelyfor two days. And ultimately we won. The congress passed themotion I proposed, by nominal vote, as opposed to the motionsupported by the entire student leadership, I believe the congressvotedthusnotsomuchoutofconviction,asoutofadmirationforthe determination and desperation with which our fight wasconducted.

The students from Cernauti, no more than 60, behavedadmirably.OursmallgroupofIasians,notmorethan20,likewise.if we add the Ciochina group of 20, also from Iasi, the two-day,battlewaswonby100versus5,000.

That victory of ours thenwas decisive.Had our point of viewlost, the student associationswouldhave also lost theirRomaniancharacter, and in contactwith the Jewswouldhave turned towardBolshevism.TheRomanianstudentbodywasatagreatcrossroad.

And later, in 1922, we would not have had the eruption of aRomanian students' movement, but perhaps an eruption of thecommunistrevolution.

THEOPENINGOFTHEIASIUNIVERSITYINTHEFALLOF1920

Intheotheruniversitycenterstherewasquiet.OnlyoursinIasiwas

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condemnedtocontinuousstruggle.ForthefirsttimeinthehistoryofIasiUniversity,theUniversity

Senate announced the opening of the academic year without thecustomary religious service. In order for someone to understandour sorrow, onemust know that this solemn ceremonyhas been,without interruption, for half a century, the University's mostbeautiful event. This occasion embraced the entire UniversitySenate, all professors, all students newly-registered, and theintellectual elite of Iasi. The service was always celebrated 'M theauditorium by Moldavia's Metropolitan or his vicar, blessing thestart of anewyear in the educationof theRomanianpeople.ButnowouruniversitywascastingasidebyagestureoftheUniversitySenatethisjewelofitshalf-centurytradition.

Graver yet, the university of our Christian Iasi, the highestinstitution of Romanian learning was thus proclaiming in thosedifficult times, the fight against God, the banishment of God inschools,institutionsandcountry.

The professors of Iasi University, excepting 4 or 5 known tooppose this trend, welcomed with great satisfaction the heathendecisionoftheSenateasastepforwardthatwouldtake"Romanianscience" out of "barbarism" and "medieval preconceptions".Communist studentswere jubilant, Jewry triumphant,while a fewof us pondered sorrowfully: we wondered how long it would bebefore churches were torn down and priests in their vestmentscrucifiedontheiraltars?

AbouteightofusnationaliststudentsinIasiatthetimeknockedinvainat thedoorsofmanyof theprofesssors tryingtoconvincethemtorescindthemeasuretakenbytheSenate,butourrepeatedattemptsfailed.

An then, on the eveningbefore the start of the academicyear,we decided to take a grave step: we would forcibly oppose theopeningoftheuniversity.

Inorder to staygrouped,weall sleptatNo.4SuhupanSt., theheadquartersofouraction.At six in themorningVladimirFrimuand myself left for the university-the others were to follow. WeclosedandbarricadedthereardooroftheuniversityleavingFrimutheretoguardit.

I put up a poster in red pencil on the large entrance doorreading,"Ibringtotheattentionofthestudentsaswellastothatoftheprofessors that this university is going toopenonly followingthetraditionalreligiousservice."

Therestofourcomradescamelate,toolate.

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Students started coming at 8 o'clock. Alone at the entrance, Iresisted until about nine thirty, bywhich time over 300 studentshadgathered.

WhenmathematicsProfessorMullerwantedtoforcehiswayin,Itoldhim:"Yousworeonthecrosswhenyoubecameaprofessoratthis university.Why do you now raise yourself against the cross?Youareaperjurer,becauseyouhad swornon somethingyoudidnotbelieveinandnowyoubreakthatoath."

Then, the students, headed by Marin the communist leader,Hritcu and Ionescu from Botosani, dashed at me, opened theuniversity'smainentrance,tookmeintothelobbyhittingmeovertheheadwithsticksandfists.Nodefense,noripostewaspossible,for Iwascaught in themiddle,pushedfromalldirections,gettingblowsfromeverywhere.

FinallyIwasleftalone.AsIstoodinacornerreflectinguponthemisfortune of my defeat, in came the six students. However, thevictory of the enemy did not last very long, for shortly theuniversity'ssecretarycamedownfromtherectorateandpostedthefollowing notice: "It is brought to everybody's attention that therectorate has decided that this university will remain closed untilWednesday,whenitwillopenwiththereligiousservice."Thiswasagreatvictorythatwewelcomedwithunsurpassedjoy.

Wednesdaymorning,twodayslater,intheauditoriumfilledtocapacitybycitypeople,wasconducted the religious service. Iwascongratulated by everybody. Professor A.C. Cuza spoke withunsurpassedeloquence.

Itwasatthatmomentthatthebelieftookholdinme-andithasneverleftme-thatonewhofightsforGodandhispeople,evenifalone,willneverbedefeated.

InthepublicopinionatIasi,thesebattles,especiallythoseattheA.S.M.andtheRailwayWorks,andlastlythatattheuniversity,havehadapowerfulecho.TheenemybegantorealizethatBolshevismcannotadvancewithoutseriousobstacles,evenwhenitissupportedbynearlyall theuniversity'sprofessors, theentirepress,all Jewry,thelargestproportionofworkingmen,whileontheothersidethereis only a minimal group of youth opposing these huge waves,armed only with their great faith in the future of their country.These youth presented the barrier of their wills comparable tosomejaggedrocksinthegroundoverwhichonecaneasilysee,butcannot climboverwithout great hurt, in fact onewouldnot eveneverthinkoftryingto.

Theenemiesfearednotsomuchus,butourdetermination.

37

The sane part of the population, the Christian and RomanianIasi,encouragedusandsympatheticallywatchedus.

THE1920-1921UNIVERSITYYEAR

Begun in the conditions mentioned earlier, this year was anunending series of battles and clashes. We, the fighting students,organized ourselves around the student "Stefan Voda" associationwhose president I was. From here we attacked our adversaries,vanquishingthemtimeandagain.

Despising Romanian culture, they looked down upon theuniversityandeverythingwehad in thiscountrywithpretensionsofbeingsavantsandadvisors,likesomemenarrivingfromagreatcountryuponthissinfulandbackwardRomaniansoil.

Theymayhavebeenrightincertainpoints,butsoontheywouldclashinourlittlecountrywithagreatcenturies-oldcommonsense,that they in their largeempire therebeyond theDniester,provednevertohavehadatall.

At the university, meetings became impossible. No decisioncouldanylongerbetaken.Thegreatmajorityofstudentswasmadeupofcommunistsandtheirsympathisers.Buttheycouldnottakeone step forward because our group, never over 40, was alwayspresent;we attacked and did not permit the airing of communistideasandpractices.

The general strike tried at the Iasi University when thecommunist student Spiegler was arrested, failed after one day,because our group occupied the mess hall forbidding strikersentrance to meals on the grounds that "Whoever does not work,does not eat." All pleadings of the rector and the professors toconvinceus that thesestudentsought tobepermitted toenter fortheirmeals,weremadeinvain.

Shortly thereafter, our groupwas towin another victory - thechangeoftheuniform.

Communist students were wearing Russian caps, not that theyhad no other caps, but as an ostentatious sign of affirmingBolshevism.Ontheoccasionofaclashattheuniversity,thesecapswere grabbed and burnt in Union Square. Then, daily, at the

38

university,onthestreets,throughpubs,thehuntingstarted.Allcapswereburnt,Afteroneweektheycompletelydisappeared.

Our group went even further and engaged the Judeo-communistpressinbattle.Wedidnothaveanyprintingpressestospreadourword. Following several disrespectful articles about the King, theArmyandtheChurch,ourgroup,runningoutofpatience,invadedtheoffices andprintingpremises of thenewspapersLumea ("TheWorld") published by the JewHefter andOpinia ("TheOpinion"),andwreckedthepressesthathadspewedpoisonandinsult.

We provoked disorders, no doubt, but those disorders wouldstopthegreatdisorder,theirreparabledisorderthatthehirelingsofcommunistrevolutionwerepreparingforourcountry.

Butallthisactivitymademetheprincipalobjectoftheirrevenge.TheJewishpressattackedus;Iviolentlyresponded.Meeting the editors ofOpinia ("The Opinion") one day on the

street,followingaverbalexchange,afterIdemandedtheyaccountfortheirinsults,wehadafight.Myadversariesweresoundlybeatenup.

But the next day all newspapers in Iasi made common frontagainstme,Opinia ("TheOpinion"),Lumea ("TheWorld"),Miscarea("TheMovement").

EXPELLEDFROMIASIUNIVERSITYFOREVER

Things did not stop here. The university Senate took actionimmediately;itmetand,withoutgivingmeahearing,expelledmeforeverfromIasiUniversity.

Finally,boththeuniversityandcityofIasiwouldgetridofthedisturberofthepublicorder,whofortwoyearsdisruptedthepeaceof Judeo-communists and opposed all their endeavors to unleashtherevolutionforthedethronementofourking,theburningdown

39

of churches, the shooting of the officers and the massacre ofhundredsofthousandofRomanians.

Themenoforderandlegalitywere,intheeyesoftheuniversitySenate,thecommunists;I,thedisrupterofthisorder.

THECOUNCILOFTHESCHOOLOFLAW

Buttheirplansfellflat,becauseatrulyuniqueeventintervenedinthe ordinary course of our student life. The Council of the LawFaculty took issue with the expulsion pronounced by the Senate,and, led by ProfessorCuza, itsDean, alongwith ProfessorsMateiCantacuzinoandDimitrieAlexandrescu,opposedthismove.

The endeavors of the council to moderate the fury of theUniversitySenatefailed.TheSenatedidnotrescindtheexpulsionorder.

Then the Faculty of Law withdrew is representative from theSenate, no longer opposed its decision and declared itselfindependent.

I was informed by the Law Faculty that I could continue toattendclasses,fortheprofessorialcouncilrefusedtorecognizethedecisionoftheUniversitySenate.

ThusIcontinuedtoremainonasastudentatIasiUniversity.AsaresultofthisincidentthecounciloftheFacultyofLawdid

notsenditsrepresentativetotheUniversitySenateforthreeyears.This conflict continued for years longer, even after I left the

university. Later on when I obtained my degree, the rectoraterefusedtoissuemydiploma.Andtothisdaytheyhavenotissuedit.ToregisterinthebarandtocontinuemystudiesabroadImadeuseofthecertificateissuedmebytheFacultyofLaw.

THEUNIVERSITYYEAR1921-1922

Thenewacademicyearopenedundernormalconditions-that is,

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with a religious service. Again, the university and the city of Iasiwereinafestivemood.

ThisgreateventpassedalmostunnoticedinBucharest.There, when students arrive, their number is lost in the

multitude of hundreds of thousands of people, in the noise, thelights, and the many conflicting interests. In Iasi, when studentsleave, a generalmelancholy descends aswhen the cranes and thebirdsleaveinthefall.Whenstudentsreturn,theyouthcomes,thelife. It is a holiday. In Bucharest the student feels alone in themiddleofanimmenseworldthatseeshimnot,doesnotappreciatehimoradmonishorhaveanyinterestinhim,doesnotlovehim.

The student's education at Iasi bears no similarity to that atBucharest,forhedevelopslikeachildundertheloveofhismother,in the shelter of the Romanians love. Here the nation raises herstudents.ImyselfowethisIasianimportantshareofgratitudeforanything that Iwasable todo. Ihavealways felt theconcern thatthisspiritofIasiheldforme,Ihavefelt therayof its love,Ihavefeltitsadmonition,encouragement,urging,itscalltothefight.

Thesearefollowingus-thestudentsofIasi-evennow,andtheywillfollowustotheendofourlives,astheeverpresentmemoryofmymother'surgingsandlove.

OutofallthestudentgenerationswhopassedthroughIasi,howmanywerenotstimulatedalltheirlivesbyIasi'scalltofight!Howmanywerenotaccompaniedallthewaytotheirgraves,howmanyareeventodayhauntedbyitsreproaches!

It was noticeable at the beginning of the year that Judeo-Communism backed down, disoriented, itsmorale practically nil,andputupnoresistance.

Allthenewly-enrolledstudentshadheardofourbattlesandhadfora longtimebeenwaitingtocometoourside,Oncehere, theyjoinedourranks.

PRESIDENTOFTHELAWSTUDENTSASSOCIATION

IwaselectedthatfallpresidentoftheAssociationofLawStudents.

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TheUniversitySenate refusedmyvalidationon thepretext that Ihadbeenexpelledfromtheuniversity.Ivalidatedmyself.

Our Law Student's Association, like the associations in all theother colleges, had as its purpose the scientific activity ofcompletinganddeepeningstudiesintheirrespectivefields.

For instance, under the presidency ofNelu Ionescu, two yearsaheadofme,theAssociationofLawStudentsheldmeetingsalmostevery week. Some student read a book on law or a related field,condensed itand inameetingpresentedacritique.Contradictorydiscussionsthentookplace.

I retained thisgeneral formatbut I alsoadded somethingnew.All these themes and reports could not be treated unless they delvedscientificallyintotheJewishproblem.

Works,treatingthisprobleminRomaniaandabroadwereread,ontheinternationalJewishpower,onthehistoryofthisproblemathome and abroad. We were studying not only their methods offightingus,buttheJudaicspiritandmentalityaswell,andthenweproposedvariousmeansoffightingbackanddefendingourselves.

Then, after each exposition, there followed discussions,completions,and lastly, the formulationof the established truth so thateveryone could leave enlightened.Furthermore, in the samemeetingswesoughttoaccomplish:

4. theidentification,ateverystep,ofthisJudaicspiritandmentality,thathavestealthilyinfiltratedthethinkingandfeelingpatternofalargeportionofRomanians.

5. ourdetoxification,namely,theeliminationofJudaismthatwasintroducedinourthinkingthroughbooksinschools,literature,professors,throughlectures,theaterandcinematography.

6. theunderstandingandtheunmaskingoftheJewishplanshiddenundersomanyforms.Forwehavepoliticalparties,ledbyRomanians,throughwhichJudaismspeaks;RomaniannewspapersthatarewrittenbyRomanians,throughwhichtheJewspeaksforhisinterests;Romanianlecturersandauthors,thinking,writingandspeakingJewishintheRomanianlanguage.

Studyingallthese,webegantorealize,thatforthefirsttimeinhishistory, theRomanianhadcomeintocontactwithapeoplewhichuse as weapons to fight and to destroy - as national weapons -slynessandperfidy.

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TheRomanian has always known only the honest fight. Facedwith the new Jewish method, he was at a loss. We realized thateverythingcomesdowntoknowingtheenemy,andthatassoonasweRomaniansknowhim,wewillvanquishhim.

Ourmeetingscontinuedregularlyforthewholeyear.Theyattractedlargerandlargernumbersofstudentsfromother

colleges,sothattheGeneralAssociationoftheIasistudentsbecamealmostnonexistent.Theentirestudentbodygravitatedaroundtheactivityofthelawgroup.

The auditorium became too small for the crowds of studentswhowishedtotakepartinthesemeetings.

The Bessarabian students were participating in greater andgreater numbers. One half-year of activity brought us a realmiracle: three fourths of the Christian Bessarabian students wokeup,feltthemselvescalledtoanewlife,becameenlightened.

Inashorttime,theyweretobecomethemostfaithfulsoldiersinour fight, reaching through faith, devotion, purity of heart andspirit of sacrifice, the leadership of the movement that had justbeguntobud.

Thismomentofbrotherhoodinthesamefaithandofpledgingto fight for our Christian country against the cheating Judaichordes,will neverbe forgotten.Wewhowere fighting eachotherbutyesterday,werenowembracing.

Theorientationguidelinesinourmeetingswerethewritingsofournational geniuses Bogdan Petriceicu Hajdeu, Vasile Conta, MihailEminescu, Vasile Alecsandri, etc. but especially the writings andlectures of ProfessorCuza, thewritings of ProfessorPaulescu, thelessonsinnationaleducationofProfessorGavanescul.

All thewritingsofProfessorCuzawerereadnotonlyonce,butthree, fourtimes,andtheywerestudied.Particularlyhiscourse inpolitical economy treatingbrilliantly the Jewishquestion fromhisprestigious position, asking Romanians to understand this theirgravestpresentproblem,wasforusaguideforeverymomentinoureffort to get to know it. Our greatest good fortune, and that ofRomanians, was thus having Professor Cuza, one of the most

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knowledgeable men on the worldwide Jewish problem. it wasthanks to him that we were able to orient ourselves to any Jewishmanoeuvre.

Hiscourses,ofthehighestacademicstandard,werefollowedbyallstudentswithhithertounprecedentedattention.Theauditoriumof theSchoolofLawprovedalways too small. For a long time tocomethisUniversityofIasiwillnothaveaprofessorwithsermonsonnationalismthatwillinspireasimilarenthusiasm.

During this time for many of us life began to reveal a uniquepurpose, over all other interests: that of fighting for our peoplewhoseveryexistencewasthreatened.

VISITINGTHECERNAUTIUNIVERSITY

At the other universities, quiet prevailed. Since the spring of thepreviousyear,1921,inCernautitherehadbegunstirringsaroundtheRomanianizationof the theater.A fiercebattleof severaldaysended with the students' victory. Now, in the spring of 1922, Iorganizedundertheauspicesof theAssociationofLawStudentsavisit of the Iasians to Cernauti. We were well received by bothprofessorsandstudents.We100visitorsdidnothingelsethethreedayswe stayed there but impart to our colleagues inCernauti thenewfaithwhichwastakingshapeinoursouls.

It was not difficult, for Cernauti, just like Iasi only more so,sufferedfromtheJewishinvasion,withitsstreets,itscommerce,itsdilapidated churches, its land and Romanians, all groaning underJewish domination. Briefly, between us a new and tight spiritualkinshipwascreated,basedonayearningandourcommondreamto see for once our people awakened to the consciousness ofdignity, power and rights asmaster of their own fate and that oftheir country. This kinship then grew stronger through the visitrepaidusbytheCemautistudentsonemonthlater.ItwasnowthatImetforthefirsttimeTudosePopescu,thathandsomefigureofayoung fighter resembling a pandur8 , who was later one of the

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leaders of the studentmovement, butwho today sleeps in apoorcemeteryunderaforgottencross.

THEREVIEW"APARAREANATIONALA"

OnApril 1, 1922 thebimonthlyAparareaNationala ("TheNationalDefense") was published under the editorship of Professors CuzaandN.C.Paulescu.Anyonecanimaginewhatthepublicationofthismagazinemeantforusinthemidstofourthoughtsandconcerns.

Initwefoundeverythingthatweneededforourowncompletecomprehension and useable arguments. The articles of ProfessorsCuzaandPaulescuwere religiously readbyall theyouthandhadeverywhere upon students both in Bucharest and in Cluj aresounding impact.Weconsidered thepublicationof each issueatriumph, because it was for us another munitions transport forcombatingtheargumentsintheJewishpress.

IdeemitappropriatetoreproduceheretwoarticlespublishedatthattimeunderthesignaturesofProfessorsCuzaandPaulescu.

Thedivinespiritoftruthwillforeverdefendmankind"In resume, the Talmud - the politico-religious

legislation of the Hebrews - in lieu of combating like theGospel the passions of ownership and domination, on thecontrar pusbes these vices to an unheard-of peak in order toaccomplish Judah's dream of being at the same time boththeowneroftheentireearthandthemasterofallmankind.

"But,whiletheChristianapostlespreachedtheiridealinthe open, the Talmud hides; and its two appendages, theKahalandFreemasonry,areevenmoreinvisible.

"Thethreeofthemuse,inordertoremaininthedark,ascabrousandaccursedmeans,namelythelie.

"Inotherwords,thelieisthebasisofthesystemusedbyJews,towhomonecansay:'Youspeak,thereforeyoulie.'

"Buttheliehasamortalenemy,namelythetruth."Or, truth is the distinctive trait of Christianity. Christ

said: 'I am the truth' and that is why His doctrine is inexecrationbyIsrael.

"Thelie,onthecontrary,characterizeswhatiscalledthespirit of evil or of the Devil. Thus Jesus, speaking to theHebrews,saidtothem:

" 'Youareofyourfatherthedevilandthelustsofyourfather it is your will to do. He was a murderer from thebeginning, and standeth not in the truth because there is no

45

truthinhim.Whenhespeakethaliehespeakethofhisownforheisaliarandthefatherthereof.'

"Leaving this world, Christ sent his disciples aninvincibleweapon,namelyHisGhost.Thedivinespiritoftruth,whichwilldefendmankindforeveragainstthedevilishspiritofthelie.

"I bow before this Spirit of Truth saying from thebottomofmysoul:IbelieveintheHolyGhost!"

(Prof.Dr.N.C.Paulescu,from"PhilosophicPhysiology.TheTalmud,theKahal,Freemasonry"vol.II.,Bucharest

1913,pp.300-301)

Thescienceofanti-Semitism" 'Another horrible pairing ofwords: the science of anti-

Semitism. How can anti-Semitism be a science?' will askthemselves indignantly the scientistswith their rocks, thosewith their seals, the mathematicians with their x's, thephilologists with their suffixes, the scientists with theirpretended"fixed"ideasofculture.

"Anti-Semitism?Forthesescientistsitisonlyasavagery,ablindmanifestationofbrutalinstincts,vestigesofprehistorictimes,theshameofourcivilizationwhichbothscienceandthe enlightened conscienceofman, freeofpreconceptionsandpassion,condemn.

"ThisistheatmospherecreatedparticularlybytheJews-and which those Judaized nurture-around anti-Semitism,foolingthenaiveorexploitingthenaiveteofthestupidwithpretensions that they too be 'on a par with moderncivilization.'Andwhodoesnotwanttobe?

"Forexample,thereisthisinterestingcaseofaJudaizedindividual,himselfhalfJewish,speakingseveralyearsearlierwith the air of a terrific scientist about our anti-Semitism,whichwasthen,asitistoday,unchanged.Andhereiswhatthisauthor,nomen-odiosum,tellsusinViataRomaneasca("TheRomanianLife"),secondyear,No.11ofNovember1907,pp.186, 204-207- a traitor then of national thought as he waslateratraitorofournationalactionduringthewar:

" 'I want to talk about the Jewish question... totallydenatured by the vulgar and ferocious Judeophagy of ouranti-Semites,whothus...compromiseusbeforethecivilizedworld...

'With rusted weapons dug out from the arsenal ofmedieval persecutions, with hatred propaganda, withimpassioned incitement to excesses, with the stirring ofbestial instincts in popular masses… one can onlycompromise a just cause-but the cause of anti-Semitism isnotajustone...

'But, to give this conflict... a false air of persecuting arace, of religious persecution, in aword, of anti-Semitism,can serve only the enemy's cause, only too glad to exploitthe divagations of some maniacs... anti-Semiticscandalmongers,prematurelyplacesontheorderofthedaytheentirequestion…

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'No people, let alone our own, can fence itself in adinfinitum free of repercussions, against modem ideas, nor

againstexternalpoliticalaction...9'Therefore, to place our question in the realm of anti-

Semitism, of racial hatred, means for us being led to ashameful and fatal defeat... Asiatic urgings... violentdemagoguery, unhealthy agitation... an endeavor of

speculatingdarkpassions....'10"I quoted this typical concept, typical of all who sold

themselvestotheJews.Andoneseeswhatitcomesdownto:cliches('thecivilizedworld,''modernideas'),butparticularlyto slander ('vulgar and ferocious Judeophagy,' 'rustyweapons,' bestial instincts,' 'divagations of some maniacs,''anti-Semitic scandalmongers,' 'Asiatic urgings,' 'darkpassions').

"Wefindsuch'appreciations'notonlycomingfromthevulgarJewloversbutsometimesevenfromsomeotherwisedistinguishedrepresentativesofcultureinotherfields.Thus,forinstance,theeminentjurist,universityprofessor,orator,man of politics, formerminister of public instruction,Mr.A.C.Arion, levelledatmebecauseofmyanti-Semitism, inthefullsessionoftheChamberofDeputiestheapostrophe-wecansay'famous'comingfromsuchaman-callingmethecaveman.

"As for the Jews, their explanation of anti-Semitism ismorecharacteristicyet.Inadditiontotheusualcliche,'withhatredandsavagery'-naturallywithnomotive,theydonotcaretodiscussmotives-accordingtothem,anti-Semitismisamadness,an intellectualdegeneration,anafflictionof thespirit. This is how we are considered by one of the mostdistinguishedmodern'intellectuals'oftheJews,Dr.K.Lippe,of illustrious origin as great-grandson of the famouscommentatorof theTalmud in theMiddleAgesRasi,whosaidtobsebegoimbarog(killthebestoftheGoyim).

"Dr. K. Lippe, M.D. came our way from Galitia andsettleddowninIasiwhereheservedtimeforhavingkilledawomanwhileperforminganabortiononher,evenauthoreda special work in German entitled: Symptoms of the mentalillness-anti-Semitism(1887).

"Andasproof that the argumentsusedby theparasiticJewsagainstanti-Semitismareverypoor,justasarethoseofthe Judaized, and always the same, here is what CurierulIsraelit ("TheIsraeliteCourier"),officialorganof theUnionofNaturalized Jews says in the editorial of its issue of thisFriday,September15,1922,underthetitle-touswhowriteattheAparare'aNationala("TheNationalDefense"),slanderous-'Abandofrascals:'

'There exists with these anti-Semites a state ofintellectualdegeneration that reached theperversityof thesenses,somekindofmentalsadismbywhichthosetouchedarepushedtoliesandcalumnies.'

"Asyoucansee,thisisaverysimpleexplanationaswellasanextremelynaiveone:allthatissaidagainsttheJewsis

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lies and calumnies due to a specific intellectualdegeneration."

"The definition of anti-Semitism - according to Jews andthose Judaized - is, then, summed up in these two words,savagery andmadness, naturally, of the 'anti-Semites.' As forthe Jews as a social phenomenon, they do not even enterintothis'explanation.'Asiftheydidnotexist.

"It was this savagery and madness that compelled allpeoples of all time, Egyptians, Persians, Romans, Arabs, aswellas themodernnationsuptothisday, toconsiderJewsasanationalmenaceandtakemeasuresagainstthem.

"It was this savagery and madness which darkened theunderstandingofthemostprominentrepresentativesoftheculture of all nations, such as Cicero, Seneca, Tacitus,Mohamed, Martin Luther, Giordano Bruno, Frederick theGreat, Voltaire, Josef II, Napoleon I, Goethe, Herder,Immanuel Kant, Fichte, Schopenhauer, Charles Fournier,Ludwig Feuerbach, Richard Wagner, Bismarck, RudolfVirchow, Theodor Billroth, Eugen Dfihring-and countlessothersinallfieldstocomeoutagainsttheJews.

"Savageryandmadness,finally,explainstheanti-Semitismof the most distinguished representatives of our culture,such as Simion Barnutiu, B.P. Hajdau, Vasile Alecsandri,VasileConta,MihailEminescu.

"Savageandmad:allthese.Civilizedandwell-behaved:thoseJudaized. And the Jews: nonexistent. And venality of thoseJudaizedisincapableofexplaininganti-Semitismasasocialphenomenon,wewillcallittheanti-Semitictheory.

"According to this theory of ours, in the make-up ofanti-Semitism we must distinguish three stages: instinct,consciousness,science.

"Instinct alwaysmade the crowd, firstlypreoccupiedbyits immediate material interests, oppose Jewish parasitismthrough popular movements, often times general andbloody, as it was among many others all over, e.g., theterrible movement of the Cossacks in the Ukraine led byBogdanHmelnischyinwhichover250,000Jewsperishedin1649.

"Consciousness of the Jewish menace is awakenedgradually, first in theeducatedclasses.Then it spreadsandpenetrates the masses. The former group unites with thepeopleinsupportingtheirdemands.Thelatterthusbecomeprogressivelyawarethemselves.

"Sciencebeginswithpartial researches,until it reaches -onlyinourday-thedeterminationofitsobjective,namely,studying Judaism as a social phenomenon, lifted out fromthemediuminwhichitseekstohide,concludingthatitisahumanproblem,infactthebiggest,whosesolutionmustbefound.

"Wecouldsay,byvirtueof theconclusionsreachedbypartial studies so far, that they form the anti-Semitism ofscience,Thisisthebasis,whichisnottobeconfusedwiththescience of anti-Semitism, What distinguishes them, is their

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different objectives. And here is the definition asdetermined by its objective, of this science, which clearlydemonstratesittobeatruesciencewithitsowndomain:

"The science of anti-Semitism has as its object Judaism as asocialproblem,being thus,necessarily, the synthesis ofall sciencesthatcancontributetoitssolution.

"Which sciences these are, that through their partialstudiescontribute to theknowledgeof Judaism,wealreadyhaveseen.Andthisisthewayinwhichthescienceofanti-Semitismusestheirfindingsinordertoarriveatasolution.

"HistoryestablishesthatfromtheearliesttimestheJewshave been a people wandering among others, nomadic,countryless. The science of anti-Semitism establishes thatthisnomadismiscontrarytothewell-beingofagricultural,sedentarypeoplesandcannotbetolerated.

"Anthropology establishes that Jews are a mixture ofunrelatedraces,differingamongthemselves,astheSemitic,Aryan, Negro, Mongolian. The science of anti-Semitismexplains the sterilityof the Jewishnation in thedomainofculture,asaresultofthismongrelizationandshowsthatthismongrelcannotcontributeanythingtothecultureofothernations, which they only falsify, denaturing theircharacteristics.

"Theology establishes that the Jewish religion is anexclusivist religion, based on the special covenant madebetween their God, Yahweh, and the Jews considered as achosen,sacred(amcodes)people,apartfromotherpeoples.

"The science of anti-Semitism rigorously deduces thatsuch a concept excludes the possibility of any peacefulcooperationoranyassimilationwiththeJews.

"Politics establishes that everywhere, within the othernations, Jews have their unique social organization,constituting a state within the state. The science of anti-Semitism concludes that Jews are an anarchic element,dangeroustotheexistenceofallstates.

"Political Economy establishes that Jews have lived in alltimes, even in Palestine, as a superimposed people overothernations,exploitingtheir labour,themselvesnotbeingdirectproducers.Thescienceofanti-Semitismsaysthatanypeople has the right to defend its productive labor fromexploitation by Jews, who cannot be tolerated living likeparasites,jeopardizingpeoples'existence.

"Philosophyestablishes that Judaism's conceptof life isan anachronism contrary to human advancement. Thescience of anti-Semitism imposes, as a duty towardcivilization, that this culturalmonstrosity be eliminatedbytheunitedeffortsofallnations.

"The science of anti-Semitism bases its conclusions onwhat various, but differing, special sciences objectivelyestablished - all of which lead necessarily to the sameconclusion:

"The elimination of Jews from the midst of other peopleputtingane