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Nazzareno Mandolesi – Copenahgen 9th June 2011
Cosmologia con la radiazione cosmica di fondo
Paolo Natoli Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra Università di Ferrara
Nazzareno Mandolesi – Copenahgen 9th June 2011
Nazzareno Mandolesi – Copenahgen 9th June 2011
Fluctuation and GW generator
Fluctuation amplifier But GW dissipator…
The main objective of CMB experiments is to measure the spatial temperature and polarization anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation The CMB is a blackbody radiation with T=2.7 K extremely uniform across the whole sky; it is the relic radiation emitted at the time the nuclei and electrons recombined to form neutral hydrogen, when the Universe was ~ 400,000 years old. Its tiny (~ 10-5) temperature and polarization anisotropies encode a wealth of cosmological information.
Full sky temperature map from Planck (2013)
Power spectrum of temperature fluctuations from Planck (2013)
The fluctuations are observed to be Gaussian distributed: all the statistical information in the map is encoded in the two point correlation function or in its harmonic transform, the angular power spectrum: �(n̂) =
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Full sky map of CMB anisotropy (Planck 2015)
Science with the Cosmic Microwave Background !"#"$%&'&'()*+,%+-+(&*.-)/.$.%"#"$,)#+)0&(0).**1$.*23)
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B! C",<'()&'D.<+'3))4! 7+',#$.&'&'()#0")&'D.#+')/+#"'<.-))4! E&'?&'(),&('.#1$",)+8)/$&%+$?&.-)($.:&#.<+'.-)F.:",)
B! E&'?&'()/$&%+$?&.-)'+'G5.1,,&.')&')/$&%+$?&.-)/"$#1$=.<+',3)4! C",<'()?&H"$"'#)&'D.<+'.$2),*"'.$&+)
B! ;:+-1<+')+8),#$1*#1$").'?)'.#1$")+8)?.$@)%.I"$)B! C",<'()81'?.%"'#.-),2%%"#$&",3)J6)7JC)B! !"#$%&'(")*"+,-./.*0*+1+23#$.4./.*0*5+
))
Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Overview
The oldest light or the first light of the Universe
2009 Planck
Discovered the remnant afterglow from the Big Bang. !! 2.7 K
Blackbody radiation, Discovered the patterns (anisotropy) in the afterglow. !! angular scale ~ 7° at a level !T/T of 10-5
(Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe): ! angular scale ~ 15’
! angular scale ~ 5’, !T/T ~ 2x10-6, 30~867 Hz
Planck
Planck history in short-! 1993 – COBRAS & SAMBA proposals -! 1996 – Selection of COBRAS/SAMBA,
then named Planck -! 1999 – LFI and HFI consortia are
formed -! […] Lots of Instrument development &
tests -! 2009 – Planck is launched -! Jan. 2012 – HFI End of life -! Mar. 2013 – First cosmological data
release -! Oct. 2013 – LFI End of life -! Feb 2015 – Second cosmological data
release -! 2017 – Third cosmological data
release
What is yet to be done?
2 5 10 20 50 100Multipole ` (logarithmic scale)
10�
410�
310�
210�
110
010
110
210
310
4
`(`+
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`/2
⇡[µ
K2]
r=0.2
r=0.1r=0.05
r=0.01
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500Multipole ` (linear scale)
TT
EE
Lensing BB
Planck (2015)ACTpol (2014)SPTpol (2013/2014)BICEP2/Keck/Planck (2015)PolarBear (2014)fsky = 73%
Plot by D. Molinari et al.
2 5 10 20 50 100Multipole ` (logarithmic scale)
10�
410�
310�
210�
110
010
110
210
310
4
`(`+
1)C
`/2
⇡[µ
K2]
r=0.2
r=0.1r=0.05
r=0.01
Galaxy (100 GHz)
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500Multipole ` (linear scale)
TT
EE
Lensing BBdust
synchrotron
Galaxy (70 GHz)
Galaxy 10% (70 GHz)
Galaxy 5% (70 GHz)Galaxy 1% (70 GHz)
Galaxy (353 GHz)
Galaxy (150 GHz)
Galaxy (44 GHz)
Planck (2015)ACTpol (2014)SPTpol (2013/2014)BICEP2/Keck/Planck (2015)PolarBear (2014)fsky = 73%
Plot by D. Molinari et al.
SWIPE STRIP
STAR SENSORS
PIVOT
RACK
BATTERIES
BALLAST FRAME
LSPE gondola : frame + pivot + STRIP + SWIPE to balloon
Actuators: Azimuth pivot with torque motors
Linear elevation actuators
Processor: PC104 with ADC in / PWM out
H-bridges for motors
Attitude sensors: Star sensors (Nati et al. RSI 2003)
Laser Gyroscopes Elevation Encoders
TM TC
!67+8/%*9++:).4$.;+
J$"-&%&'.$2),@"#*0)+8)#0")KLJ;)"M/"$&%"'#6)F�+1#)#0"$%.-)/$+#"*<+',N))C0")#+#.-)%.,,)&,).$+1'?)ONP)#+',6)#0")+:"$.--)?&%"',&+',).$")PNQ%RFS)M)TNO%R?S)M)UNV%)R0SN)W)QXXXXX)%T)=.--++')&,)1,"?)#+)-&Y)#0")&',#$1%"'#).#)TZ)@%)+8).-<#1?"N)
5
17
Launched - June 14th, 2006
Svalbard
Impact – July 1st, 2006
17 DAY FLIGHT
Contatti (@ unife.it)
francesco.forastieri PhD massimiliano.lattanzi PostDoc nazzareno.mandolesi Prof paolo.natoli Prof linda.polastri PhD diego.molinari PostDoc
Principali collaborazioni INAF/IASF (Bologna) ASI (Roma) SNS (Pisa), UniPisa, UniSapienza, SISSA (Trieste) Caltech/JPL, IAP/CNRS (Paris), Cambridge (UK), Univ. Valencia, OKC (Stoccolma), Vancouver (CA),…
