Upload
others
View
1
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Cost-effective solutions for river water quality
improvement in Eindhoven supported by
sewer-WWTP-river integrated modeling
Lorenzo Benedetti1, J. Langeveld2, J.J.M. de Klein3, I. Nopens4, A. van
Nieuwenhuijzen5, T. Flameling6, O. van Zanten6 and S. Weijers6
1 WATERWAYS srl, Via del Ferrone 88, 50023 Impruneta (FI), Italy2 Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2624 CN Delft, Netherlands3 Aquatic Ecology and Waterquality Management Group, Wageningen University and
Research centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands4 BIOMATH, Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics, Ghent
University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium5 Witteveen+Bos, PO Box 233, NL-7400 AE Deventer, Netherlands6 Waterschap De Dommel, 5280 Boxtel, Netherlands
–The Kallisto project
–System definition
–Project approach
–Selection of measures
–Scenario analysis
–Conclusions
Together Smart Clean
Clean: Improving the receiving surface water
quality to comply with the national legislation
and the EU Water Framework Directive
Smart: Controlling storm water and wastewater
flows by cost-effective control, buffering and
treatment measures in the Integrated Urban
Water System
Together: Involving different stakeholders in the
water chain across the boundaries of
responsibilities including municipalities, the
waterboard, knowledge institutes and STOWA
(dissemination)
The Eindhoven system
Complex combined
wastewater system
Large area with severe
impact on vulnerable
surface water
10 municipalities
750,000 PE WWTP
>200 CSOs
The Eindhoven WWTP
The Dommel River: ecological quality
Sewer system municipality
Supply
syste
m N
ort
h
Inflow Works
Primary
Sedimentation
tank
Biological
treatment + post sedimentation
effluent
Supply
syste
m C
ity
Supply
Syste
m S
outh
Dry weather
effluent
Rain weather
Sewer system municipality
Supply
syste
m N
ort
h
Inflow Works
Primary
Sedimentation
tank
Biological
treatment + post sedimentation
Supply
syste
m C
ity
Supply
Syste
m S
outh
effluent
Storm weather
Storm water
buffertank
Sewer system municipality
Supply
syste
m N
ort
h
Inflow Works
Primary
Sedimentation
tank
Biological
treatment + post sedimentation
Supply
syste
m C
ity
Supply
Syste
m S
outh
effluent
Storm weather + overflow
Sewer system municipality
Supply
syste
m N
ort
h
Inflow Works
Primary
Sedimentation
tank
Biological
treatment + post sedimentation
Supply
syste
m C
ity
Supply
syste
m S
outh
Storm water
buffertank
effluent
Physical: Q, T
Chemical: O2, NH4
N, PEcology
Water Quality Policy / WFD
Sewer system municipality
Supply
syste
m N
ort
h
Inflow Works
Primary
Sedimentation
tank
Biological
treatment + post sedimentation
Supply
syste
m C
ity
Supply
syste
m S
outh
Storm water
buffertank
Storage /
treament
effluent
Physical: Q, T
Chemical: O2, NH4
N, PEcology
filter
€ XX mln.
€ XX mln.
Post treatment
Sewer system municipality
Supply
syste
m N
ort
h
Inflow Works
Primary
Sedimentation
tank
Biological
treatment + post sedimentation
Supply
syste
m C
ity
Supply
syste
m S
outh
Storm water
buffertank
€ XX mln.
Water Quality Policy / WFD
1. model development
sewer model
(InfoWorks)
WWTP model
(WEST)
river model
(Duflow)
integrated model
(WEST)cost model
Modeling (after monitoring)
c_137 c_139
c_138
c1
c_151
c2
c_142c_149 c_148 c_144 c_145 c_160 c_147
c_161
c_143
c6c4 c5 c7 c8 c9 c10
c11
c_150
c12 c_122
c13c_121c_120
c14 c_119
c_118
c_100
c15
c16c_116c_114
c17c_112
c_107
c_106
c_107_2
c19 c18
c20c_99c_103
c_98
c21
c_123
c_14
c_15
c_16
c_10
c_19
c_20
c_12
c_21
c_22
c_23
c_24c22 c23 c24 c25 c26 c27 c28 c29 c30
WWTP_Eindhoven
c_200 c_202
c_203
c_204
c_206
c_205
c_207
c_208
c_214
c_210
c_211
c_212
c35
c36
c34
c31 c32
c38c37c39c_124
c40c_128c41
c_129
c_1285
c_127c_126c_125
c42 c_136 c43
c_134
c_135
c_131
c_132
c44 c_130
FC_1
S031
S030 S029
S027
S026
Dommel9 in_Dommel9
Ekkersrijt1
S025
S024
S023
S008
S039
Hooidonksebeek1
S038
S037
S036
S032
S034
S035
S007
S004
S002
S003
S056
Dommel8
Hooidonksebeek7
Hooidonksebeek5
Hooidonksebeek3
Dommel7 Hooidonksebeek4
Hooidonksebeek2
KleineDommel4
in_Dommel8
in_Hooidonksebeek7
in_Hooidonksebeek5
in_Hooidonksebeek4
in_Hooidonksebeek3
in_Hooidonksebeek2
in_Hooidonksebeek1
in_Ekkersrijt1
in_Dommel7
in_KleineDommel4
S000
S061
S084
S001 S060 S033
S012
S005
S006
S062
S065
S064
S009
S010
S011
S013
S014
S015
KleineDommel1
KleineDommel2
StrijperAa1
BuulderAa2
KleineDommel3
GrooteAa1
in_KleineDommel3
in_KleineDommel2
in_KleineDommel1
in_BuulderAa2
in_StrijperAa1
in_GrooteAa1
S016
S067
S066
S063
S059
S058
S017
S018
S019
S055
S022
S045
S051
S043
S040
S049
S048
S042
Tongelreep1
Dommel1Beekloop3
Run1 Dommel6 Tongelreep4
Tongelreep3
Tongelreep2
S045_cm Dommel5
Dommel4
Dommel3
Keersop4
Keersop3
in_Tongelreep4
in_Tongelreep3
in_Tongelreep2
in_Tongelreep1
in_Dommel6
in_Dommel5
in_Dommel4
in_Dommel3
in_Dommel1in_Beekloop3
in_Keersop3
in_Keersop4
in_Run1
diversion
Son2
c_200sp
S025_cm
Son
Son_cm
S037_cm
Nuenen1
c_214sp
s_81_cm
Nuenen
c_210sp
Mierlo
c_127sp
s_84_cm
Geldrop2_3
s_12_cmHeeze2
c_136sp
S005_cmHeeze
Heeze_cm
s_62_cmLeende
S066_cm
Aalst
S059_cm
Valkenswaard3
S043_cm Valkenswaard2
S051_cm
Valkenswaard1
S049a_cmWesterhoven
Bergeijk Borkel
Geldrop
c_128sp
S022_cm
Dom0002
Ein0026
s_37_cm
Ein0024
Ein0025
S009_cm
Ein0023
Ein0022
Ein0019
Ein0017
Ein0016
Ein0014_15
Ein0012_13
Ein0011_31
Ein006_7
Ein0032
Ein005
Ein0002
c_24spES_out
NS_out
RZ_out
CF_in
RWT_back split_in
flow_sensor_RWT
RWT BT_RWT RWT_split
RWT_control
RWT_combRWT_loop
PST flow comb1
Anaerobic1 Anaerobic2 Anaerobic3 Anaerobic4 comb2
loop_RecA
fractionation
comb3Anoxic1Anoxic4recA
recA_control
Loop_carousel1OD_outmiddle
comb4 Aer_Anox_WP
loop_carousel2
SST
Sludge_waste
loop_RAS
FC_waste Sludge_disposal
loop_RecB
Aer_Anox_ZP
ZP_aerator
WP_aerator
array_effluentwaterfall rain_line
PumpEnergy_WAS
Anoxic5 Anoxic8
Anoxic9 Anoxic10CV_4 CV_9
Nitrate
oxygen demand
NH4_controlDO_controller_ZP
Control_15
DO_eff
Control WP
Control RAS
WWTP2river
FC_sew_out
Q_ratio
Pump_RAS
Q_bio
S028
S099
S100
S013_cm
S015_cm
S016_cm
S017_cm
S021
S046
S044
S041
S050
S054
Keersop2
in_Keersop2
flow_sensor
S049b_cm
Veldhoven2GemaalCS_DeMeern
c_VW1
CS_Valkenswaard
c_Bergeijk
pipe_Luyksgestel
CS_RWZ
pipe_RZ
Collse_Molen
pipe_Geldrop pipe_NS
pipe_ES
valve_D
cES
cRZ
valve_C
loop_valves
RBT_spill
bp_ES
cm_ES
pipe_RZ_retention
pipe_NS_retention
min_0_1
max_pump pump_limiter
loop_ES
loop_WWTP
GB_99
GB_107_2
GB_107
BT_119_1
GB_123
GB_136
GB_127 GB_128
ST_200
GB_210
GB_214
GB_126GB_125
sp_119BT_119_2
GB_119_3
cm_119
ST_137
ST_138
ST_151 ST_142
ST_143
ST_98
ST_103
ST_106
ST_112
ST_114
ST_120 ST_121
ST_122
ST_131
ST_132
CSO2river
Q_ratio_cntrl
fract_RBT
FC_RBT
CF_RBT
Control_MR1 MR_aerator1
DO_059
DO_059_cntr
cm_DO17 DO_017
DO_017_cntr
cm_DO10
DO_010
DO_010_cntr
cm_DO99DO_099
DO_099_cntr
DO_039
DO_039_cntr
DO_008
DO_008_cntr
cm_DO27
DO_027
DO_027_cntr
WWTP_eff
cm_DO59
cm_DO61DO_061
DO_061_cntr
NH4load
BT_in
BT_in_control split_buf
cm_buf
sp_BT_in cm_BT_in
BT_in_emptysplit_dwf
cm_PST
sp_RWT cm_RWT
RWT_bt_control
sp_ES
cm_ESin
cm_DO_eff
eff_aer eff_aer_cntr
loop_eff
sp_bio
cm_bp
NH4load_in
BT_NH4load_contr
Control_MR2 MR_aerator2
DAF_bp
DAF_in
PST_cntr
wetland
rain
rain2
out_1
timeseries
rainfall
timeseries1
out_diversion
inputs
Pressure
MLSS
Q_downstream
NH_Tongelreep1
NH_Dommel1
sewer
WWTP
• One single model:
• Mass and information flows (impact
on receiving water, RTC)
• Speed:
• Many scenarios
• Long-term simulation (10y in 2h)
• Monte Carlo for UA/SA
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
100000
1-08-10 0:00 6-08-10 0:00 11-08-10 0:00 16-08-10 0:00 21-08-10 0:00 26-08-10 0:00 31-08-10 0:00
CS
O/W
WT
P e
fflu
en
t d
isc
ha
rge (
m3
/h)
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
DO
co
nce
ntr
ati
on
(m
g O
2/l
)
CSO WWTP effluent DO measured downstream WWTP DO modelled downstream WWTP
Integrated model results:
DO at river section DS of WWTP
1. model development
sewer model
(InfoWorks)
WWTP model
(WEST)
river model
(Duflow)
integrated model
(WEST)cost model
2. model analysis global sensitivity analysis
Modeling
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40
c_142 Qmax
RAS ratio
NH4 set-point aeration
MLSS factor
c_143 Qmax
c_161 Qmax
c_122 Qmax
c_99 Qmax
c_123 Qmax
WP aerator on
river diversion factor
c_136 Qmax
recA ratio
c_127 Qmax
c_107 Qmax
NO3 set-point recB
c_150 Qmax
c_200 Qmax
c_214 Qmax
c_119 Qmax
c_128 Qmax
Q buffer
c_24 Qmax
Q biology
Sensitivity [%]
GSA: operational parameters ranking
1. model development
sewer model
(InfoWorks)
WWTP model
(WEST)
river model
(Duflow)
integrated model
(WEST)cost model
2. model analysis global sensitivity analysis
3. model application
a. current infrastructure
(RTC)
b. additional measures
(including RTC)
c. robustness check
Modeling
Measure Field of application/objective
RTC in the sewer systemMinimisation of DO dips and/or NH4 peaks
in river with available system capacity
DAF, fine screens, lamella settler, fuzzy
filter
Pre-treatment of wastewater during DWF
Treatment of WWF
CSO storage Reduction of CSO emissions
Dry buffers at WWTP inletPeak load shaving to reduce NH4
concentration peaks in effluent
River aeration Reduce DO dips in river
Effluent aerationReduce DO dips in river due to WWTP
effluent
WWTP: additional aeration capacity,
increase of MLSS and of aeration volume
Enhance nitrification process to reduce
NH4 peak concentrations in river
Equalisation pond/wetlandEqualisation of WWTP effluent to reduce
NH4 peak concentrations to the river
Increase interceptor/pumping capacities Reduce DO dips in river
Increase hydraulic capacity of biological
treatment at WWTP
reduce NH4 peak concentrations and DO
dips in river
Sand filter for treatment of WWTP effluent Reduce Ntotal and Ptotal in effluent
Scenario analysis
–10-year dynamic simulations
–Approx. 40 different scenarios tested
–Evaluation
• Ecological framework based on
concentration-duration-frequency
curves for sensitive species
• Focus on DO and NH4
• Costs (CAPEX and OPEX)
Scenario analysis: costs
Measure Investment CAPEX OPEX
Additional
storage€ 79,800,000 € 3,830,000 € 79,500
River aeration € 1,040,000 € 96,700 € 117,000
Costs of measures to reduce DO depletion
and achieve basic DO levels
Reference scenario:
• conventional methods of solving water
quality issues (uncoupling of paved
area, building sewer storage facilities
at CSOs)
• yearly cost (CAPEX+OPEX)
approximately € 15 million
Scenario analysis: costs
Scenario analysis: costs
Scenario A B C
Measure in all
scenarios
River aeration + effluent aeration
Sand filter for effluent filtration
RTC aiming at reducing NH4 concentration peaks
Additional aeration capacity at WWTP
Measures dry storage wetland DAF pre-treatment
Investment € 160,140.000 € 90,410.000 € 36,780.000
CAPEX € 11,295,000/year € 8,328,000/year € 3,052,000/year
OPEX € 3,670,00/year € 3,194,000/year € 4,641,000/year
Total annual
costs (CAPEX +
OPEX)
€ 14,965,000/year € 11,522,000/year € 7,693,000/year
Scenario analysis: water quality
NH4
1 - 5 h 6 - 24 h > 24 h
Tolerated 12 1.5 0.7 0.3 1 2 1 0.6 6.1 2.8 1 1 1 0.3 1.6 0.2 1 4 2 0.6 18.7 6.5 1 2 2 1.4 8.1 9.5 4 5 5 22.6 77.4 38.6 2 5 5 11.7 60.2 45.6
frequency 4 2 1.2 0.5 1 1 1 0.0 1.6 0.9 1 1 1 0.0 0.1 0.1 1 2 3 0.0 2.4 4.3 1 1 2 0.8 1.7 3.3 5 5 5 31.0 65.1 40.1 5 5 5 12.9 54.4 36.8
per year 1 2.5 1.5 0.7 1 2 2 0.0 0.7 0.6 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.1 1 2 4 0.0 0.7 1.8 1 2 4 0.0 1.0 1.5 5 5 5 32.5 51.0 16.9 5 5 5 11.1 41.3 18.9
0.2 4.5 3 1.5 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.1 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.1 1 1 4 0.0 0.0 0.4 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.1 5 5 5 4.3 2.2 0.6 1 5 4 0.0 0.7 0.3
DO critical1 - 5 h 6 - 24 h > 24 h
Tolerated 12 5.5 6 7 1 1 1 0.6 4.8 4.0 1 4 4 2.0 16.2 22.0 1 3 3 4.8 13.4 12.6 1 2 2 2.2 9.0 11.8 2 5 5 6.2 35.3 28.3 1 5 5 4.1 38.6 30.7
frequency 4 4 5.5 6 1 2 1 0.2 2.2 0.7 1 5 4 0.2 8.7 6.0 2 5 4 2.3 9.5 5.7 1 3 3 0.9 4.8 4.1 3 5 5 4.2 36.0 26.3 1 5 5 1.0 23.9 18.8
per year 1 3 4.5 5.5 1 2 2 0.1 0.9 0.6 1 5 5 0.0 2.1 2.6 2 5 5 0.7 5.0 3.6 1 4 5 0.2 1.3 2.5 4 5 5 1.5 20.5 19.7 1 5 5 0.3 9.0 11.6
0.2 1.5 2 3 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.1 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.1 1 5 5 0.0 0.5 0.9 1 5 5 0.0 0.7 2.2 1 4 5 0.1 0.4 1.5
DO basic1 - 5 h 6 - 24 h > 24 h
Tolerated 12 3 3.5 4 1 1 1 0.1 0.2 0.1 1 1 1 0.0 0.3 0.2 1 1 1 0.7 1.5 0.6 1 1 1 0.2 0.5 1.6 1 2 2 1.5 6.7 6.3 1 1 1 0.3 1.6 2.2
frequency 4 2.5 3 3.5 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.1 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.1 1 1 1 0.0 0.3 0.2 1 1 1 0.2 1.1 1.5 1 2 2 0.3 2.4 3.5 1 1 1 0.2 0.8 1.7
per year 1 2 2.5 3 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.1 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 0.1 0.2 0.1 1 2 2 0.1 1.0 0.9 1 4 5 0.3 1.4 2.2 1 3 4 0.0 1.1 1.5
0.2 1 1.5 2 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.1 1 4 5 0.1 0.4 0.5 1 5 5 0.1 0.6 1.1 1 4 4 0.0 0.3 0.3
S010 S008 S031Duration of the event S066
Duration of the event
Duration of the event
S000 S017
WWTPcurrent situation
Scenario analysis: water quality
WWTPscenario C
(RTC + riv.aer. + DAF)
NH4
1 - 5 h 6 - 24 h > 24 h
Tolerated 12 1.5 0.7 0.3 1 2 1 0.6 6.1 2.8 1 1 1 0.3 1.6 0.2 1 4 2 0.4 14.8 6.8 1 2 2 1.9 7.2 9.4 1 2 2 3.2 8.0 8.1 1 1 2 0.7 6.0 6.8
frequency 4 2 1.2 0.5 1 1 1 0.0 1.6 0.9 1 1 1 0.0 0.1 0.1 1 1 3 0.0 1.4 4.6 1 1 2 0.9 1.8 3.4 1 2 1 0.4 2.1 0.7 1 1 1 0.0 1.3 0.7
per year 1 2.5 1.5 0.7 1 2 2 0.0 0.7 0.6 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.1 1 1 4 0.0 0.5 1.9 1 2 4 0.0 0.9 1.4 1 1 1 0.0 0.3 0.2 1 1 1 0.0 0.2 0.1
0.2 4.5 3 1.5 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.1 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.1 1 1 4 0.0 0.0 0.3 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.1 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.1 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.1
DO critical1 - 5 h 6 - 24 h > 24 h
Tolerated 12 5.5 6 7 1 1 1 0.3 4.2 3.9 1 1 2 0.0 0.0 9.8 1 2 2 0.0 8.0 8.4 1 1 2 0.0 0.0 10.5 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.9 1 1 2 0.0 0.1 8.0
frequency 4 4 5.5 6 1 1 1 0.1 2.0 0.7 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 1.4 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.1
per year 1 3 4.5 5.5 1 1 1 0.0 0.3 0.2 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 1.5 2 3 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0
DO basic1 - 5 h 6 - 24 h > 24 h
Tolerated 12 3 3.5 4 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.1 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0
frequency 4 2.5 3 3.5 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0
per year 1 2 2.5 3 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 1 1.5 2 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0
S010 S008 S031Duration of the event
Duration of the event
Duration of the event
S066 S000 S017
Integrated model used to describe the dynamics of the whole
urban wastewater system and evaluate cost-effective upgrade
scenarios to comply with specific water quality regulation
Several upgrade options are available to achieve the desired
water quality in terms of DO and NH4
There are substantial cost differences between scenarios,
with clear advantages in using in-stream aeration for DO
depletion and WWTP DAF pre-treatment for NH4 peaks
The integrated model proved to be a very powerful tool to
quickly investigate interactions, synergies and conflicts in
the system
Conclusions
Next 2 years implementation:
• Sewer RTC
• WWTP higher inflow + RTC upgrade
• DAF demo 1500 m3/h
• River aeration one station upstream WWTP
Perspectives