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Directorate General of Land TransportationMinistry of TransportationREPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
17 March 2008
Country Initiatives on
ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT IN INDONESIA
BY: DR. ELLY ADRIANI SINAGA
THIRD REGIONAL EST FORUM IN ASIA
2
Indonesia : The Archipelago CountryPopulation 230 m (2007)Jakarta ,the Capital City
650km2; 8,86 m people (2% growth/annum)
The surrounding cities:BODETABEK; 5789 km2;23,673 m people (2,09% growth/annum)
JAKARTA
1. INTRODUCTION
3
• Number of vehicles 6,3 m(growth 11% /annum ) :
- Private Car: 89.45% (Motorcycle: 54.14%)- Goods Vehs: 9.21%- Public Transport Vehs: 1.35%
(56% share)
• 700 private cars increase/dayNeed 3 km road length/day; Road growth 0.1%).
2. CONDITIONS AND PROBLEMS JAKARTA, the Capital CityJAKARTA, the Capital City
4
PortraitPortrait of current motor cycle usageof current motor cycle usage
It gives us the way to suicide
Low cost, low travelling
time, high speed and
…..high RiSK
Polution
But ….. Door to door
.very cheap
.any road
5
Typical Traffic Problems
CONGESTION
POLUTION
TRADITIONAL MARKET
SMALL PARATRANSIT
6
Number of Trips (trips/day)
973.768 (2002)1.123.396 (2007)1.237.677 (2010)1.293.040 (2014)
1.513.839 (2002)1.746.452 (2007)1.926.184 (2010)2.012.345 (2014)
1.108.396 (2002)1.278.709 (2007)1.413.027 (2010)1.476.234 (2014)
Tangerang
Bogor & Depok
Bekasi
9.468.203 (2002)12.600.000 (2007)13.187.391 (2010)14.600.000 (2014)
JAKARTA
7
1520253035404550
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
Time Series
Wid
th (m
ill. m
2)
jalankend.
3.300
3.000
2.700
2.400
2.100
1.800
1.500
1.200
Vehicles Unit(x 1.000)
5045403530252015
ROAD WIDTH UTILIZATION BY VEHICLES GROWTH IN JAKARTA
roadveh
CONSTRAINT & ISSUES
8
3. TRANSPORTATION POLICY3. TRANSPORTATION POLICY
Pro-public transport.Develop sustainable and reliable public transport system which covers the whole urban area, and provide service to all level of income group.
• Cheaper Operating Cost • Optimal use of lanes;• The development is quick, cheap &
flexible.
Bus-based Mass Transit System - BRT COST PER PASS-KM
218
13579
050
100150
200250
300
Bus Besar Bus Sedang Angkot
Kind of Transportation
Rp.
9
Peds. Facilities & NMV
Peds. Facilities & NMV
Integrated Network for Pedestrians & NMV
Pedestrian Walkways, Curbs, Peds-Crossing
Facilities for DiffablePeople & Senior People
Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) Parking Management/ RestraintCar free day event
Traffic RestraintTraffic Restraint
TransJakartaBusway (BRT)
Monorail – Light Rail Transit
Waterways
Mass Rapid Transit
Mass TransitMass Transit
STRATEGY FOR THE COMPREHENSIVE MOBILITY STRATEGY FOR THE COMPREHENSIVE MOBILITY (JAKARTA)(JAKARTA)
10
4.Best practices (PUBLIC TRANSPORT REFORM)(PUBLIC TRANSPORT REFORM)
SmallSmall--inefficient inefficient paratransitparatransitbigger, cheaper, safer bigger, cheaper, safer BRT systemBRT system
UnUn--scheduled bunching scheduled bunching and leaf and leaf froggingfroggingregular and reliable regular and reliable operationoperation
PrivatePrivate--small ownership small ownership more professional more professional management companymanagement company
12
Ticket revenueTicket revenue
Subsidy
If surplus:Sistem development:
If deficit:subsidy
MANAGEMENT
PT Authority
Revenue Operating cost
PaymentPayment
13
1
23
6
7
5
4
ANCOL
KP. RAMBUTAN
KP. MELAYU
RAGUNAN
BLOK M
KALIDERES
PULOGADUNG
PULOGEBANG
HI
KOTA
TJ. PRIOK
KUNINGAN
DUKUHATAS
HARMONI7 CORRIDORS :
1. Blok M – Kota (2004)
2. Pulogadung – Harmoni (2006)
3. Kalideres – Harmoni (2006)
4. Pulogadung - Dukuh Atas (2007)
5. Kp.Melayu – Ancol (2007)
6. Ragunan – Kuningan (2007)
7. Kp.Rambutan - Kp.Melayu (2007)
BUSWAY CORRIDORS (UP TO 2007)
15
BUSWAY IMPACTSBUSWAY IMPACTS
1. 14% of busway user shifted from private car (JICA)
2. Number of busway passenger increase significantly each year
3. Based on Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP) research, each year busway operation:a. reduce emission 155 ton of Nox b. reduce 23 ton of Particulatec. reduce CO2 emission up to 20,000 ton
17
-“Kota Sejuta Angkot”(“City of Paratransit”)
Private/Personal Fleet ownership-Conventional Management
BOGORBOGOR- Operating Urban Mass Transport,
* as a new transport mode, * More comfortable (air
conditioned buses)- New professional management* Smart Card Ticketing System* Scheduled Services
- Using Biofuel (Waste Cooking oil)
18
a. Operating Urban Mass Transport, * as a new transport mode, * More comfortable (air conditioned
buses)b. Operated By a Consortium Company c. New professional management
* Smart Card On-line Ticketing System* Scheduled Services* Public Private Partnership* Local governments coordination
Before: Services Of Paratransit* Private/Personal Fleet Ownership* Conventional Management* Non Motorized Vehicles
Yogyakarta
20
5. FUTURE DEVELOPMENT A. BRT System Be Implemented in Other Big and Medium Cities, 2008 :
Metropolitan city : JabodetabekBig Cities:Medan – North Sumatera;Bandung – West Java;Semarang – Central Java;Surabaya – East Java;Makassar – South Sulawesi;
Medium Cities: Pekanbaru, Surakarta, ManadoElevated Busway on The Toll Road Network In Greater Jakarta JABODETABEK
21
FUTURE JABODETABEK BUSWAY DEVELOPMENT
Koridor A (Non Tol): Cikupa-Bitung- Tangerang-Kalideres
Koridor B (Non Tol) Serpong (BSD) - Puspitek-Pondok Cabe-Pondok Indah
Koridor C (Non Tol) Depok (Margonda)-Lenteng Agung-Ragunan
Koridor D (Non Tol) Cibubur (Cileungsi) via Jl Raya Bogor-Kampung Rambutan
Koridor E (Non Tol) Cikarang-Cibitung- Bekasi-Kalimalang/Pulo Gadung
CIKUPA
KALIDERES
GROGOL
CILEDUG
PONDOK INDAH
RAGUNANKP RAMBUTAN
KALIMALANG
PULO GADUNG
Koridor A (Tol): Cikupa-Bitung-Tol Merak Jakarta-Grogol
Koridor B (Tol) Serpong (BSD) -Tol Serpong Jakarta-Ciledug
Koridor D (Tol) Cibubur (Cileungsi) via Jl Tol Jagorawi-Kampung Rambutan
Koridor E (Tol) Cikarang-Tol Cikampek Jakarta-Kalimalang
SERPONG
DEPOK
CIBUBUR (CILEUNGSI)
Bogor, Depok, Bekasi and Tangerang
physically
and economicaly
agglomerate to Jakarta form a
megapolitan
city of Jabodetabek.
The Transportation Masterplan
should cater all
megapolitan
areas, and public transport
operation serving to and from Jakarta to the urban fringes.
22
Area: Phase 1 replacing 3-in-1 scheme Phase 2: East – West (between railway lines)
Charging Methods: Area PricingTarget : Cars and MotorcyclesOperation Hours : 07:00-10:00;
16:00-19:00 Mon-Fri.Benefit: Financial : IRR =23.4%, B/C=1.69, NPV=1274 billions RpsExpected Impacts: pull-out 20% traffic from area
B. Electronic Road Pricing (ERP)
23
Jakarta 3-in-1 Scheme
Only vehicles with three or more passengers were allowed to enter the restricted road section
3 in 1 scheme will be replaced by Electronic Road Pricing in 2009Jabodetabek Toll-road will be eqquiped by Electronic Toll Collection System
24
3. Intelligent Transport System 3. Intelligent Transport System DevelopmentDevelopment
• Jakarta• Bandung• Surabaya• Batam• Tegal• Pekanbaru
25
4. Traffic Safety for Children4. Traffic Safety for Children
Helmet for KidsSchool Safety Zone
Traffic safety Publication
26
Implementation EURO Standard for new production
EURO 2 at 2007;EURO 4 at 2012 (plan);EURO 5 at 2015 (plan).
Implementation Compulsory Periodical Vehicle Inspection for Private Cars and Motorcycle under New Road Transport and Traffic Law
5. Improvement Of Motor Vehicle Technology, Inspection and Maintenance
27
6. Energy Diversification
Gas for Transport (CNG): 1755 unit Converter Kit installed on taxis
in Jakarta
Bio fuel (Bio-solar and Bio-ethanol)
for
government vehicles;
Waste Cooking Oil (BDF in Bogor)