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Types of Bonds Review
Metallic
Ionic
Covalent
Transfer
Electrons
Delocalized
Electrons
(sea of e-)
Share
Electrons
Molecule
UnitCell
Electronegativity and bond types• Another way to usually tell whether a bond is
ionic or covalent is with electronegativities
• Electronegativity (Page 194)– the tendency of an atom to gain electrons in a chemical bond.
• If the difference between the electronegativities is large, the bond tends to be ionic. If it is small, it tends to be covalent.
• Compounds can have both, but usually show one type more than the other chemically, usually ionic).
Types of Covalent Compounds• Diatomic molecules (twins):
________________________________
________________________________
• NEVER FOUND AS SINGLE
ATOMS if “alone”
• Their names are just the name of the element
H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
There are seven diatomic molecules
Binary Molecular Compounds ___________________________(no metals or
ions) i.e. Does not start with an H.
• Steps to name compoundsa. _________ _________ - use entire nameb. _________ _________ - change ending to –idec. Prefixes used to indicate _________ of atoms of
each p. 832• Only time that no prefix is used is if the first is
a one• Examples:
CCl4 –As2O3 –
Non-metals with no H+
Name firstName second
number
triditetrachloridecarbon
arsenic oxide
Acids
• Always begin with ______
• Two Types: _________ and ___________
H+
oxyacidbinary
Remember: The number of hydrogen atoms in the acid
equals the charge of the anion
Binary Acids
• Binary Acids - ______ but no _______
• Steps to name compoundsa. Use prefix - _________
b. Root of second element plus suffix - _________ followed by the word acid
• Example:
HCl -
H+ O
hydro
-ic
hydrochloric acid
Oxyacids
• – has a ________________, so most have ___
Steps to name compounds• Identify polyatomic ion p. 178
a. Use root of anion, change suffix ending and word acida. Suffix rules: ends in ate change to _________
b. ends in ite change to _________
Example:
HNO3 -
polyatomic ion
-ic
-ous
nitric acid
O
Hydrocarbons• a compound containing carbon and hydrogen
• Named using prefixes that correspond to the number of carbons in the compound.
• 1 – meth
• 2 – eth
• 3 – prop
• 4 – but
• After this it used the “normal” prefixes
Hydrocarbons• Ending refers to the type of functional
group found in the compound.
• The simplest hydrocarbon ends in -ane which means that the hydrocarbon only has single bonds and the number of hydrogen atoms equal
2(Carbon atoms)+2.