cover page portfolio-combined

HALEYREGISTER

SelectedworksfromcoursesatLouisianaTech:APortfolio

ContentsResume:1-2

“PaintPoppy”magazinedesign:3-7“TheAnnistonStar”newspaperlayout:8

“AnotherCulture”article:9-12“FindingDory”moviereview:13

“TheBestDogforAnimalShelters”researchreport:14-36

Objective To obtain an entry-level position that allows me to use my communication and writing skills along with my creativity as a reporter and journalist. Skil ls Writing Skills

• Wrote for the Louisiana Tech newspaper (The Tech Talk) for two quarters.

• Essay was chosen by professor to be entered into university-wide writing contest.

• Have taken 40 credits in English and 22 credits in journalism.

Communication Skills • Gained experience in retail for

three years, working with costumers to increase sales.

• Conducted several interviews for the Louisiana Tech newspaper and other courses.

• Experienced with computers and social media.

• Completed public relations courses.

Education Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA BS in English, technical writing / Journalism minor 2014-2016 Expected date of graduation: November 2016 Current GPA: 3.3 Related course work

• Journalism 101, 102 News Writing

• Journalism 210 Feature Writing • Journalism 220 Copy Editing • Journalism 350 Practical

Reporting • Journalism 450 Public Relations

• English 303 Technical Writing • English 460 Advanced Technical

Writing • English 461 Technical Writing

for Publication • English 462 Technical Editing

Bossier Parish Community College, Bossier City, LA 2012-2014

Haley Register

3504 Woodvine Circle Haughton, LA 71270

(318) 780-1740 [email protected]

1

Employment Charming Charlie’s, Shreveport, LA Seasonal Sales Associate Summer 2015

• Worked with team members to promote sales and complete marketing tasks. • Provided team members and managers with status reports and store updates. • Handled transactions, counted cash, balanced cash drawers. • Completed daily paper work and store-opening tasks.

Wet Seal, Bossier City, LA Sales Associate February 2012-September 2014

• Communicated with customers to provide them with an easy, enjoyable experience and optimize sales opportunities.

• Participated in performance competition against co-workers for average daily sale numbers and average items per sale.

• Handled cash, balanced drawers, completed paperwork. • Completed daily marketing tasks. • Helped customers to activate store memberships.

Honors Dean’s list- 2013 (BPCC) President’s list- 2014, 2015 (LA Tech) Activi t ies

• Bossier Parish Community College Ladies in Gold- 2012-2013 • The Tech Talk staff reporter- 2016

References Available upon request

2

Darwyn Cooke, the award-winning writer, artist and animator known for such celebrated works as “DC: The New Fron-tier,” “Richard Stark’s Parker: The Hunter” and “Catwoman,” passed away overnight. He was 53.

Friday, his wife Marsha Cooke an-nounced he was receiving palliative care following an aggressive bout with cancer. “We regret to inform you that Darwyn lost his battle with cancer early this morning at 1:30 AM ET,” Cooke’s family said in a state-ment released this morning. “We read all of your messages of support to him through-out the day yesterday.”

CELBRATING THE LIFE OF DARWYN COOKE

WRITER, ARTIST, AND ANIMATOR DIES OF CANCER

“He was filled with your love and surround-ed by friends and family . . .

”

BY ALBERT CHING

PAINT POPPYThe magazine for artists.

May 2016

CELEBRATING THE LIFE OF

DARWYN COOKE

STEPHEN KALTENBACH MAKES A COMEBACK

Comic Artist Dies at 53

THE BASICS OF WATERCOLOR

3

Darwyn Cooke, the award-winning writer, artist and animator known for such celebrated works as “DC: The New Fron-tier,” “Richard Stark’s Parker: The Hunter” and “Catwoman,” passed away overnight. He was 53.

Friday, his wife Marsha Cooke an-nounced he was receiving palliative care following an aggressive bout with cancer. “We regret to inform you that Darwyn lost his battle with cancer early this morning at 1:30 AM ET,” Cooke’s family said in a state-ment released this morning. “We read all of your messages of support to him through-out the day yesterday.”

CELBRATING THE LIFE OF DARWYN COOKE

WRITER, ARTIST, AND ANIMATOR DIES OF CANCER

“He was filled with your love and surround-ed by friends and family . . .

”3

BY ALBERT CHING

PHOTO: DARWYN CHARLES

4

As an artist, Cooke was known for a distinct visual style, evocative of a different era -- as seen in comics like “New Frontier,” set during the 1950s -- yet still uniquely modern. His work varied from the retro super-heroes of “New Frontier” to the hard-boiled crime fiction of his adaptations of Richard Stark’s “Parker” novels and more esoteric projects like the recent Vertigo series “The Twilight Children.”

Cooke made his comic book debut in 1985 with DC Comics’ “Talent Show-case” #19, but it was another 15 years before he began to receive industry attention with the one-shot “Batman: Ego,” which he wrote and drew. In the interim, he worked as a storyboard artist for multiple DC-based animated series, including “Batman Beyond,” “Superman” and “The New Batman Adventures.” n 2001, Cooke teamed with writer Ed Brubaker for a stylish update of “Catwoman,” with Cooke

illustrating the first four issues and redesigning the famous character, creating a look that defined Selina Kyle for years to come. He then wrote and drew the original graphic novel “Seli-na’s Big Score,” a prequel to his run on “Catwoman.”

Cooke also worked for Marvel during that period, contributing to the ac-claimed “X-Force” run by Peter Milli-gan and Mike Allred with interior art on “X-Force” #124 and the “Wolver-ine/Doop” miniseries. He also wrote and illustrated two issues of anthology series “Spider-Man’s Tangled Web.”

However, 2004’s “DC: The New Fron-tier” likely stands as the most signifi-cant single work of Cooke’s career. He wrote and illustrated the nearly 400-page story, which starred many of DC’s iconic heroes.The miniseries earned multiple Eisner and Harvey awards and inspired an animated adapta-tion, released in 2008. In 2007, Cooke helmed a DC Comics revival of “The Spirit,” the legendary Will Eisner’s

COOKE’S WORKS

5ART BY DARWYN COOKE

5

In the late ’60s, the artist Stephen Kaltenbach spent three manic, productive years in New York City before decamping to California, where he still lives and operates as a “regional artist” of sorts. In his three New York years, Kaltenbach produced a diverse body of work that traced the con-tours of the city’s emerging Conceptual and Post-Minimalist art movements, all carried out with an enigmatic prankster spirit that has continued to govern his practice. Un-til June 18, Marlborough Chelsea’s small Viewing Room sub-gallery is exhibiting a mini-retrospective from the artist, focusing primarily on the work he made during his concentrated time in the city. The day be-fore the show’s opening, Kaltenbach gave me a tour of the exhibition alongside the space’s director, the artist and actor Leo Fitzpatrick.

“I had a number of issues when I came to New York that I wanted to investi-gate, one them was Minimalism, and I had been doing simple objects pretty much like Donald Judd and felt that I could go a lot further than that,” Kaltenbach told me. A text written by the artist called A Short Ar-ticle on Expression 1969–2016 could be a

seen as a centerpiece of the exhibition. The writing contains a series of abstract proc-lamations and questions, things like “the manipulation of perception is a valid goal of art expression” and “is it important for an artist to be able to distinguish between manipulation of perception as a means for art expression from its manipulation as a result?”

A sprightly 76, Kaltenbach has short hair and a gray beard. He wore a light-blue hoodie with a shirt under it that was an even lighter shade of blue. He took me through a thorny, conceptual body of work that at times yielded more questions than answers. At one point he told me that he had converted to Christianity from Bud-dhism, telling me it was “one of the most counterintuitive things that can happen to a person. I was a Zen Buddhist because I didn’t have to deal with the God reality at all, that’s not what they do. So, I’m in the position of saying things that people don’t believe and I think it’s a logical extension of my work.” I asked him if he expected people to take him at face value. “Some do, some don’t. It’s all interesting to me,” he said. “I’m not your boss, you are.”

STEPHEN KALTENBACH

A FORGOTTEN CONCEPTUAL MASTER, MAKES A COMEBACK IN NEW YORK

3 | paint poppy7

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CALHOUN COUNTY

Upgrades help aid find youBY HALEY REGISTER

Staff Reporter

JACKSONVILLE — In a cinder block room devoid of windows and sunshine, six women sat behind stacked computer monitors Friday. The only peak into life outside of the room, known as “the pit,” comes from a wall-mounted screen show- ing a live feed from an external camera. “Calhoun County 911,” a

trainee said, adjusting her head-set with legs crossed in a red-and-black swivel chair. Each day, around the clock, at least three emergency call-tak-ers remain on standby to an-swer all calls to 911 in Calhoun County, Kevin Jenkins, the di-rector of Calhoun County 911, said Friday sitting in his office on Francis Street West. Working as a 911 operator and dispatcher has become an extremely specialized profes-

sion, Jenkins said. Since 2014, Calhoun County 911 has been slowly implementing a new system that increases informa-tion sharing between operators and departments. Through this system, operators are able to im-mediately put the caller’s infor-mation out for all officers to see. “The legacy system was built on less accessibility,” Jen- kins said. “Now, when someone calls we immediately see their number and address, and first

responders can access that in-formation on a laptop or mobile device. We’ve been able to tear down this wall of information gathering and immediately push that info out.” Police in Anniston and fire- fighters there and in Jackson-ville all use Calhoun County 911 for their dispatching needs, Jenkins said.

Please see 911 | Page 7A

BY HALEY REGISTERStaff Reporter

JACKSONVILLE — The city has a plan to fill the sinkholes that have de-stroyed a section of the Chief Ladiga Trail, but not in the way recommended by experts. The City Council on Monday ap-proved a project to excavate and sys-tematically use rock, clay and synthetic material to fill collapsed portions along the closed-off trail near Warren Drive in Weaver. Excavating and backfilling was in-cluded as an option in a report the city received earlier this month from Build-ing & Earth Sciences, the Birming-ham-based geological engineering firm the city committed $8,000 to for an analysis of the site and a recommenda-tion for restoring it. Of the four options listed in Building & Earth’s report, the firm reported “the most feasible” was a concrete-filling process — a job it esti-mated would cost the city upwards of $100,000 to contract out. City officials on Monday expressed concerns about spending that, consid-ering the report’s insistence that no option guaranteed the sinkholes would not sink again. By keeping its labor in-house, and with the county lend-ing workers and equipment, the city is planning to spend $45,000 on the proj-ect approved during the City Council meeting. Spending less on a project that might not work was better than spending more, officials reasoned. They didn’t dismiss the possibility of the con-crete-filling job if the excavating and filling failed. “This is a much more cost effective approach, if it works,” said Mark Ste-phens, Jacksonville’s planning and development manager and supervisor over the project. “I think this is the best use of taxpayer money to try to get this fixed.” He anticipates work will begin next week and the sinkholes will be filled by the start of May. From there, the trail will have to be repaved. And that, Ste-phens explained, could be an extensive project in itself: He said paving could stretch from the site of the sinkholes back a half-mile to Warren Drive, where track hoes and dump trucks and other heavy equipment will enter the trail. Repaving almost 3,000 feet of trail, Stephens said, could cost another $45,000. Building & Earth’s $100,000- plus recommendation did not account for paving. “It’d be great if we don’t have to redo it all,” Mayor Johnny Smith said. “But I’d be surprised if we don’t.” Building & Earth’s report raises ques-tions about the feasibility of excavating and filling the sinkholes. It indicates that excavating could cause a deeper sink, and that the trail’s narrow path and side slopes

Please see COUNCIL | Page 3A


NEW YORK — Dear Wall Street: Stop complaining about your pay. Five years after Occupy Wall Street protesters took over Zuccot-ti Park in downtown Manhattan, spawning a national discussion about the divide between America’s highest and lowest earners, the pay gap has only gotten wider. Now, even as bankers bemoan their de-clining bonuses and job prospects, it’s helping fuel the campaigns of Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders. The spread is even more pro-nounced during the past 25 years. When adjusted for inflation, wages for investment bankers and securi-ties-industry employees, including salary and bonuses, increased 117 percent from 1990 through 2014, according to U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics data. During the same pe-riod, wages for all other industries rose 21 percent, to $51,029 in 2014, about one-fifth of the $264,357 that bankers and brokers earned that year. Presidential candidates have been quick to capitalize on the gap. Front-runners for both parties — Democrat Hillary Clinton and Trump, the billionaire Republican — have targeted a law that allows financial managers to have their in-come taxed at a lower rate. Sanders, a Vermont senator, has proposed taxing Wall Street speculators to pay for his proposal to make public colleges free. Texas Sen. Ted Cruz has mocked Manhattan money and said he’d let big banks go bankrupt.

Please see PAY GAP | Page 7A

HALEY REGISTER Staff Reporter

Alpacas get annual trim ahead of Alabama heatHershey the alpaca gets his hair cut just once a year. Monday was the big day for Hershey and the rest of his kind in Saks. “This is only their second haircut,” Debbi Merrill, his owner, said that morning at her farm, as the nervous alpaca’s back legs were tied to a fence post, his front to a tractor. Pete Connelly, who owns a shearing service based in Mon-tana, turned on his electric shears and went to work, removing the al-paca’s fleece in less than five minutes. It came off like a thick brown blanket, as Hershey squealed in protest, reveal-ing the skinny animal beneath.

Merrill’s alpacas — all 15 of them — were shorn Monday of the valuable fiber they grow all year. Judging by their reactions, it’s not a particularly pleasant experience for the animals, but Merrill and her husband say a few moments of fear probably beat an entire Alabama summer cloaked in thick fleece. Peggy Gamblin watched as Connelly and his crew sheared through the rest of Merrill’s herd with practiced effi-ciency. The remaining alpacas seemed as happy about it as Hershey was. “It’s a kind of panic sound,” Gamblin, who keeps 60 alpacas at her farm near Glencoe, said of the squeals. “They think something’s happening to them. They have this done every year, but they don’t like it.”

Please see TRIM | Page 7A


As the news rippled across the web last week that a Long Island student had won admission to all eight Ivy League universities, thousands of people reacted with messages of praise. But when Peter Kang, a high school senior in Chantilly, Va., saw a New York Times article last week about the student, Augusta Uwamanzu-Nna, on his Facebook feed, he grum-bled. “This is exactly what is driving down college acceptance rates and making university that much hard-er to get into,” he wrote on the site, setting off a lively discussion in the comment thread. The crux of Kang’s complaint, one shared by many other students, is that he and his peers are applying to too many colleges, driving down ad-mission rates and elevating the pres-tige of selective universities, which leads more students to apply. “It just seems like a vicious cycle,” said Kang, 17. Kang blamed the Common Appli- cation, the standardized form that has risen in popularity and is now accepted by more than 600 colleges, including all the Ivy League universities. The ease of using the form has led many students to decide almost on a whim to add one, two or even 10 more universities to their list. Despite his critique of Common Application, Kang said he, too, chose to “blast send” his applica-tions. He felt as if he had to.

Please see COLLEGES | Page 7A

JACKSONVILLE

Council OKs alternative plan to fix

trail sinkholes

Wall Street pay gap

continuesto grow

911 dispatchers handle calls for 3 emergency departments

SHEAR CUTENESS

Critics: Too many students

spamming bids for college

Alpacas get annual trim ahead of Alabama heat

Photo by Haley Register

Monday was shearing day for the herd at Blackberry Hill Alpacas, a farm in Saks. First commercially imported to the United States in the 1980s, alpacas, related to llamas and camels, are native to South America.

ONLINE | See more pictures at annistonstar.com

8

Haley Register

Journalism 102

Another Culture

Louisiana Tech University has an Islamic center right on the campus. Many

students feel that they do not know much about the religion. “As a Jewish person, I know

that many people don’t take the time to understand other cultures,” said D’nyelle Katz.

“It is important to be knowledgeable about other cultures and religions, rather than

maintain ignorance.” Katz explained that she feels Muslims are often misunderstood and

that students should take time to learn about them, especially since many students pass

the Islamic center daily.

Muslim Americans face a lot of prejudices, especially since recent media

coverage has portrayed them negatively. “Once, I was in the Bossier Mall and, long story

short, an officer illegally detained me, violated my rights, and insulted me several times,

all because someone was offended by my niqab,” said Fatima Rutledge, a 22 year old

Muslim woman. “I encounter prejudices daily but I think it's because people are so

misinformed about Islam.”

“There are many misconceptions that I'd like to clear up,” said Rutledge. “Arabs

and Muslims are different things. So many people think they're the same. Arabs come

from the Middle East. It's an ethnicity. Muslims are people in Islam, which is the

equivalent to Christians in Christianity,” she explained. “Muslims do not hate people of

9

other religions,” she said. She explained that as in every religion, there are some that

would be considered radical, but for the most part Muslims are an exceptionally loving

group of people.

Rutledge spoke about another common misconception, saying, “Our religion does

not really promote male superiority. Women have a lot of strength via Islam.” Rutledge

explained that she never has to work if she does not want to and that her husband must

support her in any education she wishes to pursue.

Many people do not understand that Muslims and Christians believe in the same

God, they just refer to Him by different names. Muslims refer to Him as Allah. “Maybe

the biggest misperception that people have, I think, is that we believe in a different God

than Christians,” Rutledge said. Muslims do have different views on Jesus Christ,

however. While Christians believe Christ is the son of God, Muslims believe he was only

prophet.

said that she believes the biggest misconception of Islam is that it is Areej Jordan

a “false religion.” “I challenge anyone to read the Quran, but I must warn you, your life

will never be the same.”

Rutledge then began to explain some of Muslim’s practices. “As far as daily

routines, we pray 5 times a day: Fajr, Dhuhr, Asr, Maghrib, and Isha.” Rutledge also

mentioned a couple of optional prayers. “For the mandatory prayers we recite, from

memory, Al Fatihah Sura, first sura of the Qur'an, and then we recite another sura during

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the prayer.” Rutledge said that while reading the Qur’an daily is not mandatory, it is

recommended. She explained that when the Qur’an is recited, it is done so like a song.

“One should attend the Mosque for prayer (salat) at least once a day, Fajr or Isha

being the most important” Rutledge said. “Women and children are an exception to this.

Women may pray at home but if they find more peace in the Mosque, they should pray in

the Mosque.” She discussed the Jumaya, or similar to Christian’s church days. On this

day, Fridays, they go to the Mosque for prayer and to listen to the Sheikh, which

Rutledge compared to a preacher.

Rutledge then went on to discuss the clothing requirements of the religion. One of

the most commonly recognized garments worn by Muslim women is the hijab. “The hijab

is the head covering that leaves the face open. Also, we are commanded to wear clothes

that are modest which is why we wear abaya, which is a robe or dress,” she said. “Men

should always dress modestly as well… not quite as extreme as women but it is stated

that men should always be covered and in less form fitting clothing and if a man can

grow a beard, he should.” She also spoke about the “niqab” which is the head covering

that only exposes the eyes. She explained that the niqab is not a mandatory, but can a

woman can chose to wear it “for Allah—modesty, or to cover for only your husband to

see.”

Most importantly Rutledge wanted to make it clear that Islam is not what people

believe it to be. “ Islam is about tolerance, respect, love, and compassion,” she said.

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“Extremist groups and people that do evil deeds are not really Muslim. If they were, they

would fear the results of their actions,” she said, touching on recent events in our country.

“Islam calls to love, not hate.”

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HaleyRegisterFindingDorywasreleased13yearsafterthefirstfilmFindingNemo.Fansofallageshadhighexpectationsforthefilm,whichfollowseveryone’sfavorite,forgetfulfish,Dory(voicedbyEllenDegeneres),assheexperiencesflashesofmemoriesthatguideheronthejourneytofindherfamily.Severalsea-creaturesmustworktogetherasateamtoovercometheirfearsandanyobstaclesthatstandinthewayofaccomplishingtheirgoals.ThereleaseofFindingDoryattractedanaudienceofallagesandbroughtafeelingofnostalgiatotheyoungadultswhoenjoyedFindingNemoaschildren.FindingDorynowholdstherecordforthehighest-grossingdebutofalltimeforananimatedfilm.Doryandherfriendsdonotdisappointviewersinthisapplause-worthysequel.Doryisfunnierthaneverandtheintroductionofnewandsillycharactersmakesthefilmespeciallymemorable.FindingDoryishilarious,uplifting,andincludesaninspiringmessage.Dorydiscoversheruniqueabilitytogetoutofstickysituationsandsheisremindedthatshecanaccomplishanythingshesetshermindto.Thebeautifullyanimatedfilmdemonstratestheimportanceoffriendship,teamwork,andfamily.

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August13,2016

Dr.SusanRoach,Director,SchoolofLiteratureandLanguage

P.O.Box3162

LouisianaTechUniversity

Ruston,LA71272

DearDr.Roach:

Iamsubmittingaresearchreport,“TheBestDogFoodforAnimalShelters,”evaluating

well-knowndogfoodbrands,basedondogs’nutritionrequirements.Ihaveconductedthis

researchwithanimalsheltersinmind.

Animalsheltersoftenhaveavarietyofdifferentdogbreeds,sizes,andagesintheircare

andmustfeedthemallwiththecheapest,mostefficientdogfood.

Becausetheprimarygoalofanimalsheltersistofindthedogsapermanenthomethefood

servedinsidethesheltersisnotintendedtobelong-term.However,diethasahugeimpact

ontheoverallhealthofadog.Often,ahealthy,happydogstandsabetterchanceofbeing

adoptedthanonewhoissick.

Byresearchingthenutritionrequirementsofdogs,Iwasabletocreateastandardbywhich

toevaluatethedogfoodsinquestion.

Sincerely,

HaleyRegister

Enclosure

14

TheBestDogFoodForAnimalShelters

HaleyRegister

English460:SeminarinTechnicalWriting

August14,2016

15

ii

ABSTRACT

“TheBestDogFoodforAnimalShelters”

HaleyRegister

Animalsheltersserveastemporaryhomesformanydogsandwhiletheprimary

goalistofindthedogsapermanenthome,thedogsshouldbekeptinoptimalhealth

duringtheirtimeintheshelter.Bykeepingthedogsingoodhealth,sheltersreduce

theriskofdiseaseandgivedogsabetterchanceofbeingadopted.

Oneoftheprimaryfactorsinadog’shealthisdiet.Itisimportantforashelterto

chooseawell-balancedfoodthatprovidesallofthenecessarynutrients.When

evaluatingthequalityoffood,oneshouldlookattheingredients,thenutrition

analysis,andthecaloriesofthefood.Itisalsoimportanttoservethefoodinproper

portions.Theidealdogfoodchoiceforsheltersislowincalories(becauseof

minimalexerciseopportunitiesforshelterdogs),ishighintherequirednutrients,

andismadewithqualityingredientswithlowriskforadversereactions.Whiledog

foodsthatmeettheseguidelinestypicallycostmorethanthelower-qualityfoods,

therearemorenutrientsinsmallerportions,resultinginlessfrequentpurchases.

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iii

TableofContents

Page

Introduction....................................................................................................................................1-2

Methods............................................................................................................................................3-4

Task1-Research......................................................................................................................3

Task2-Createasetofcriteria............................................................................................4

Task3-Comparetheinformation.....................................................................................4

Task4-Makearecommendation......................................................................................4

EvaluationCriteria.......................................................................................................................5-10

NutritionRequirements.......................................................................................................5-8

Ingredients.................................................................................................................................9

Cost................................................................................................................................................10

EvaluationoftheFoods..............................................................................................................10

FoodsEvaluated......................................................................................................................10

PurinaOneTrueInstinct.....................................................................................................10-11

ScienceDietPerfectWeightAdult...................................................................................12

IamsProactiveHealthAdult..............................................................................................13

PedigreeCompleteNutrition.............................................................................................14-15

ComparingtheFoods..................................................................................................................15

Recommendation..........................................................................................................................16

WorkedCited..................................................................................................................................17-18

17

iv

ListofFigures

Page

Figure1-NutritionGuidelinesbyAAFCO..........................................................................8

Figure2-AdverseReactionstoDogFoodIngredients.................................................9

Figure3-AComparisonofFoods..........................................................................................15

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1

Introduction

Animalshelters,especiallyno-killshelters,havethedifficultjobofkeepingdogs

happyandhealthyuntilthedogisadoptedandtheresponsibilityofcaringforthe

dogistransferredtothenewowner.Inrecentyears,dogownershavemadethe

switchfromcheaper,low-qualityfood,tothemoreexpensiveformulas(Di

Donfrancesco314).

Becausethereissuchawidevarietyofdogbreeds,allwithdifferentages,health

statuses,andweights,inshelters,itcanbedifficulttochooseagood,nutritiousfood

tofeedthem.

AfterspeakingwiththeHumaneSocietyofNorthwestLouisiana,Ilearnedthatthe

sheltergoesthroughabout200poundsofdogfoodinasinglemonth.Inayear,the

shelterusesover$9,000ofdogfood.

Itisimpossibletolumpthenutritionalneedsofeverydogtogether,aseachdoghas

differentrequirementsbasedontheirweight,size,age,andactivitylevel(McMillen).

Recordingthedogs’bodyconditionscore(BCS)isanimportantpartofcalculating

theappropriateportionsizesforeachdoginthecareoftheshelter.TheBCSisused

tomeasurethebodyfat.MostpetsshouldhaveaBCSof2.5-3of5,or4-5of9

(Baldwin287).

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2

Tocalculatetheproperamountoffoodeachdogshouldbegiven,aformulathat

includes“lifestage,healthstatus,activitylevel,andtheparticularfoodchosen,”

shouldbeused(“DogNutrition”).

Feedingtherightamountofagoodqualityfoodisanimportanttaskofanimal

shelters.Bydoingthis,shelterscanpreventdiseaseandobesityintheanimals.

(“NutritionalRecommendations”)

Evenwhengivingeachdogtheproperamountoffood,itisbesttobesurethatthey

aregettingtheproperkindoffoodaswell.Manydogfoodscontainalargeamount

offillersthathavelittlenutritionalvalue.Whilethesefoodsmaybecheaper,the

dogswillrequirelargerportionsinordertogettheproperamountofnutrition.

Largerportionsmeanmorecalories,whichcanleadtoobesity.Obesityisespecially

aconcernfordogsthathavesedentarylifestyleslikethoseinashelter.While

studieshavebeendonetodeterminetheenergyrequirementsofdogs,thosethat

livein“kenneledenvironmentsarenotrepresentative”(Bermingham1).The

primarygoalofthisprojectistofindadogfoodthatissuitableforthedogsin

sheltersthatdonotgethighamountsofexerciseandtofindafoodthatis

affordable.

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3

Methods

Task1-Research

Inordertodeterminewhichdogfoodsarethebestoptionsforshelterstouse,Ifirst

neededtofindoutwhatthenutritionalrequirementsfordogsare.Ialsoneededto

knowwhattypesofingredientsaremostbeneficialfordogs.Ibeganmyresearchby

usingLouisianaTechUniversity’slibrarydatabaseandusingsearchtermssuchas,

“dogsandnutrition,”“dognutritionrequirements,”“dogfoodingredients.

Asanotherformofresearch,Ispokewithacoupleoflocalsheltersinordertofind

outhowmuchdogfoodtheyusedandhowmuchwasspentonaverage.This

informationhelpedmetounderstandwhatkindoffoodisaffordableforshelters.

Thenextstepinconductingmyresearchwastofindthenutritionfactsforeachof

thefoodtypesthatIchosetoevaluate.Inordertodothis,Ilookedatfoodlabelsata

localpetstore.Igatheredtheinformationfromthebags,whichincludedthe

ingredientsandtheguaranteedanalysisofthenutrientsinthefoods.Iwasableto

findadditionalinformation,suchasthecaloriesperservingandrecommended

servingssizesforeachofthefoodsonline.

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4

Task2–Createasetofcriteria

Next,Icreatedasetofcriteriaonwhichtobasemyevaluationofthedogfoodson.

Thecriteriaweredecidedbasedonthefindingsofmypreviousresearchondog

nutritionanddogfoodingredients.Thefoodswereevaluatedbasedonthe

guaranteedanalysisofnutrition,thecaloriesperserving,theingredients,andthe

costperpound.

Task3–Comparetheinformation

Usingthecriteriathatweresetbasedonthepreviousresearchondognutrition,I

wasabletocompareeachtypeoffoodwiththerequirednutrientsandthebest

ingredientsinordertoconcludewhichdogfoodsweresuitablechoicesforashelter

tofeedtotheanimalsintheircare.Ithencomparedthepricesofeachfood.

Task4–Makearecommendationbasedontheresearchandcomparisons

Aftercollectingallofthenecessaryinformationandcomparingthefoodsbasedon

thenutrition,ingredients,calories,andcost,Iwasabletoreachaconclusionand

makearecommendationofwhichfoodisthebestoptionforshelterstouse.

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5

EvaluationCriteria

Inordertoreachaconclusiononthedogfoods,Ihavecreatedasetofcriteriaby

whichtoevaluatethem.

NutritionRequirements

Thebasicnutrientsobtainedfromfoodsareproteins,fats,vitamins,andminerals.

Accordingtothestudy,EvaluationoftheEnergyofKennelDogs,thestandardenergy

requirementsaretoohighfordogsthatspendmostoftheirtimeinakennel(Finke

23).Itisimportanttotakeintoaccounttheweightandtheactivitylevelofeach

individualdog.

Overthelast30yearsmoreextensiveresearchhasgoneintofindingtheproper

nutritionrequirementsfordogs.Becauseoftheincreaseinresearchandnew

information,TheNationalResearchCouncil(NRC)oftheUnitedStatesdeveloped

newrequirementsfornutrientsofdogsandcats(Mussa35).

“Foodprovidesnotonlyspecificnutrientsbutalsoenergyforsupportofmetabolism

andmaintenanceofbodytemperature”(“Nutrition”).Itisimportanttobesurethat

thedogsarereceivingtheproperamountofenergyfortheirdailyactivities.Because

shelterdogsaremostlysedentary,overfeedingcanbeextremelyriskyforthedogs’

health.

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Foranaverageadultdoggettinglightexerciseandhasbeenneutered,theformula

forcalculatingthedailyenergyrequirementsis30XWeightinKg(orpounds

dividedby2.2)+70=Dailycaloricneeds(Yuill).

• Protein

o Itisessentialthatdogshavesignificantproteinintheirdiets.There

aretwenty-twoaminoacidsrequiredtomeetmetabolicneeds.

However,“nineoftheaminoacidscannotbesynthesizedinadequate

amounts...andmustbeprovidedbythediet”(NutrientRequirements

8).

• Fats

o “Dietaryfats,mainlyderivedfromanimalfatsandtheseedoilsof

variousplants,providethemostconcentratedsourceofenergyinthe

diet”(Feuer2).Thesefatshelptocarryfat-solublevitaminsandalso

contributetocellstructureaswellascellfunction.Fatsalsooften

makethefoodmoreappetizingfordogs.(Feuer2).

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• Minerals

o Therearetwelvemineralsthatarerequiredforproperdognutrition.

First,calciumandphosphorusforbones.Othermineralsrequired

includemagnesium,potassium,andsodium.Thesemineralshelpthe

bodytocarryoutvitaltasksandcarryoutnecessaryfunctionssuchas

“nerveimpulsetransmission,musclecontraction,andcellsignaling”

(Feuer8).“Manymineralsthatarepresentonlyinminuteamountsin

thebody,includingselenium,copper,andmolybdenum,actashelpers

inawidevarietyofenzymaticreactions”(Feuer8).

• Vitamins

o Likehumans,dogsneedessentialvitaminstokeeptheirbodies

functioningeffectively.VitaminA,VitaminD,andVitaminE,shouldbe

includedindogsfood.However,VitaminKRiboflavin,andBiotinare

notnecessarycomponentsofdogfoodunlesstherearespecialdietary

needsofthedog(NutritionalGuidelines).

Inordertobesoldinstores,dogfoodsmustmeetthestandardssetbyThe

AssociationofAmericanAmericanFeedControlOfficials(AAFCO).Theseguidelines

haveminimumandmaximumamountsofeachnutrient,vitamin,andmineralthat

shouldbeincludedindogfood(seeFigure1).

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8

Figure1:NutritionguidelinesbyAAFCO

Nutrient Growthand

Reproduction

AdultMaintenance

Minimum

AdultMaintenance

Maximum

Crudeprotein 22% 18%

Crudefat 8% 5%

Linoleicacid 1.0% 1.0%

Calcium 1% 0.6% 2.5%

Phosphorus 0.8% 0.5% 1.6%

Potassium 0.6% 0.6%

Sodium 0.3% 0.06%

Copper 7.3mg/kg 7.3mg/kg 250mg/kg

Zinc 120mg/kg 120mg/kg 1,000mg/kg

VitaminA 5,000IU/kg 5,000IU/kg 250,000IU/kg

VitaminD 500IU/kg 500IU/kg 5,000IU/kg

VitaminE 50IU/kg 50IU/kg 1,000IU/kg

Thiamine 1.0mg/kg 1.0mg/kg

Source: Yuill,Cheryl."Nutrition-GeneralFeedingGuidelines."VCAAnimalHospitals.VCAAnimalHospitals,n.d.Web.8Aug.2016.

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Ingredients

Manycommondogfoodingredientsareknowntocauseadversereactions.Itis

importanttotakethisintoaccountwhenchoosingafoodforananimalshelter.The

lesslikelythefoodistocauseunwantedreactions,thehealthierthedogswillbeand

thecleanertheshelterwillbe.Thisresultsinlessillnessandlessexpensesfor

veterinariancare.Studiesandcasereportshavetestedadversereactionsindogs

andhavefoundthatreactionsdonottendtovarymucharoundtheworld(see

Figure2).

Figure2:AdverseReactionstoDogFoodIngredients

Source:Roudebush,Philip."IngredientsAndFoodsAssociatedWithAdverseReactionsIn

DogsAndCats."VeterinaryDermatology24.2(2013):293-294.AcademicSearchComplete.Web.10Aug.2016.

AdverseReactionstoIngredients Outof330Cases

Beef 107

Dairy 59

Chicken 50

Wheat 42

Chickenegg 24

Soy 18

Lamb 16

Pork 14

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Cost

Inordertoevaluatethecost,Icomparedeachofthepricesfor25-30poundbags

soldatPetsmartstores.Ithendividedthecostsbytheamountofpoundstofindthe

approximatecostperpoundofeachofthefoods.

EvaluationoftheFoods

TheinformationoneachofthefollowingdogfoodswasfoundatPetSmart.com

Foodsevaluated:

• PurinaOneTrueInstinctAdult

• ScienceDietPerfectWeightAdult

• IamsProactiveHealthAdult

• PedigreeCompleteNutritionAdult

PurinaOneTrueInstinct

• First5ingredients

o Turkey

o Corn Gluten Meal

o Soy Flour

o Animal Fat Preserved With Mixed Tocopherols (Form of Vitamin E)

o Poultry By-Product Meal (Natural Source of Glucosamine)

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• Guaranteed Nutrition Analysis

o Crude Protein (min) 30.0%

o Crude Fat (min) 17.0%

o Crude Fiber (max) 3.0%

o Moisture (max) 12.0%

o Linoleic Acid (min) 1.6%

o Calcium (min) 1.0%

o Phosphorus (min) 0.8%

o Zinc (min) 150mg/kg

o Selenium (min) 0.35mg/kg

o Vitamin A (min) 15,000 IU/kg

o Vitamin E (min) 460 IU/kg

o Glucosamine* (min) 400 ppm

o Omega-6 Fatty Acids* (min) 1.7%

• Dailyservingrecommendation

o 21-35lbs.–12/3to2½cups

• Calories

o 360kcal/cup

• PriceatPetSmart-

o 27.5lbbag=$33.99

o About$1.24perpound

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ScienceDietPerfectWeightAdult


o Chicken

o Cracked Pearled Barley

o Brown Rice

o Pea Fiber

o Corn Gluten Meal


o Crude Protein (min) 24%


o Crude Fiber (max) 13%

o Moisture (max) 10%

• Dailyservingrecommendation:

o 30lbs.–2¾cups

• Calories:

o 291kcals/cup

• PriceatPetSmart

o 28.5lb.bag=$49.99

o About$1.75perpound

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IamsProactiveHealthAdultdogfood

• First5Ingredients

o Lambmeal

o BrewersRice

o CornMeal

o GroundWholeGrainSorghum

o CornGrits


o Crude Protein (min) 22.0%


o Crude Fiber (max) 5.0%

o Moisture (max) 10.0%

o Omega-6 Fatty Acids (min) 2.0%

o Omega-3 Fatty Acids (min) 0.13%

• Daily Serving Recommendation

o 30 lbs. –1 ¾ - 2 cups

• Calories

o 319.99 kcal/cup

• Price at PetSmart

o 26.2 lb=$31.99

o About $1.22 per pound

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PedigreeCompleteNutritionAdultFood


o GroundWholeCorn,

o MeatandBoneMeal

o CornGlutenMeal

o AnimalFat(preservedwithBHA/CitricAcid)

o SoybeanMeal

• GuaranteedNutritionAnalysis

o CrudeProteinMin21.0%

o CrudeFatMin10.0%

o CrudeFiberMax4.0%

o MoistureMax12.0%

o LinoleicAcid(OMEGA6FATTYACID)Min2.5%

o CalciumMin1.0%

o PhosphorusMin0.8%

o CopperMin10Mg/kg

o ZincMin200Mg/kg

o VitaminEMin200Iu/kg

o NiacinMin200mg/kg

o PyridoxineMin30mg/kg

• Dailyservingrecommendation

o 25-50lbs.–1¾to3cups

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• Calories

o 316kcal/cup

• PriceatPetSmart

o 30lb.bag=$19.99

o About.67perpound

ComparingtheFoods

Eachofthefoodsevaluatedhavebenefitsthatwouldmakethesefoodsasmart

choiceforanAnimalSheltertofeedtothedogs.However,itismostbeneficialto

chooseafoodthatprovidesplentyofnutrition,hassmallservingrecommendations,

andissoldatanaffordableprice.Eachofthefoodshasbeencompared(seeFigure

3).

Figure3:AComparisonofFoods

PurinaOneTrueInstinct

ScienceDiet IamsProactiveHealth

PedigreeCompleteNutrition

FirstIngredient Turkey Chicken LambMeal Groundwhole

corn

CrudeProtein 30% 24% 22% 21%

CrudeFat 17% 9.4% 12% 10%

ServingSizefor30lb.dog(cups)

12/3to2½ 2¾ 1¾to2 1¾to3

KCaloriespercup

360 291 319 316

Priceperpound

$1.24 $1.75 $1.22 $0.67

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RecommendationOutofthesefoods,PurinaOneTrueInstincthasthehighestpercentageonthe

guaranteednutritionanalysis.Thismeansthatthefoodcanbegiveninsmaller

portions,makingeachbagoffoodlastlongerandstillmeetingthedaily,

recommendedrequirements.

PurinaOneTrueInstinctalsoliststurkeyasthefirstingredient.Becauseturkeywas

showntohavethelowestamountofadversereactionsofdogsfrommeats,thisfood

willbeabetteroptionforashelterthanotherfoods,whichlistchickenasthefirst

ingredient.

WhilePurinaOneTrueInstinctisnotthecheapestofthefoods,itishighincalories

(orenergy),andrecommendsthelowestdailyserving.Becauseofthis,eachpound

offoodwilllastlongerthantheotherfoodsevaluated.Whilethecostperpoundis

higherthansomeoftheotherfoods,thisPurinaOneTrueInstinctwillnothavenot

bepurchasedasfrequently.

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WorkscitedBermingham,EmmaN.,etal."EnergyRequirementsOfAdultDogs:AMeta-Analysis."Plos

ONE9.10(2014):1-23.AcademicSearchComplete.Web.3Aug.2016.Baldwin,Kimberly,JoeBartges,TonyBuffington,LisaM.Freeman,MaryGrabow,Julie

Legred,andDonaldOstwald."AAHANutritionalAssessmentGuidelinesforDogsand

Cats."JournaloftheAmericanAnimalHospitalAssociation46.4(2010):285-96.

AVCN.Web.7Aug.2016.

DiDonfrancesco,Brizio,etal.“ConsumerAcceptanceOfDryDogFoodVariations.”Animals(2076-2615)4.2(2014):313-330.AcademicSearchComplete,Web.16July2016.

"DogNutritionTips."ASPCA.ASPCA,2016.Web.5Aug.2016.<http://www.aspca.org/pet-

care/dog-care/dog-nutrition-tips>.

Feuer,Dale.YourDog'sNutritionalNeeds:AScience-BasedGuideforPetOwners.N.p.:NationalAcademyofSciences,2006.Print.

Finke,MarkD."EvaluationoftheEnergyRequirementsofAdultKennelDogs."TheJournal

ofNutrition3rdser.(1991):22-28.ResearchGate.net.ResearchGate,25Mar.2015.

Web.3Aug.2016.

HumaneSocietyofNorthwestLouisiana.WebInterview.1Aug2016.

McMillen,Matt.“BestDogFoodChoices:Dry,Wet,andMore.”WebMD.WebMD,Web.14July2016.pets.webmd.com/dogs/guide/best-dog-food-choices.7August2016.

Mussa,P.P.,andL.Prola."DogNutrientRequirements:NewKnowledge."Veterinary

ResearchCommunicationsVetResCommun29.S2(2005):35-38.Web.8Aug.2016.

NutrientRequirementsofDogs.Washington:NationalAcademyofScience,1974.Ser.8.GoogleBooks.Google.Web.3Aug.2016.

“NutritionalRecommendationsforShelterAnimals."-UCDavisKoretShelterMedicine

Program.UCDavis,July2010.Web.4Aug.2016.

NutritionalGuidelinesForCompleteandComplementaryPetFoodForCatsandDogs.N.p.:EuropeanPetFoodIndustryAssociation,2013.Print.

Roudebush,Philip."IngredientsAndFoodsAssociatedWithAdverseReactionsInDogsAnd

Cats."VeterinaryDermatology24.2(2013):293-294.AcademicSearchComplete.Web.7Aug.2016.

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Yuill,Cheryl."Nutrition-GeneralFeedingGuidelines."VCAAnimalHospitals.VCAAnimal

Hospitals,n.d.Web.www.vcahospitals.com/main/pet-health-

information/article/animalhealth/nutrition-general-feeding-guidelines-for-

dogs/6491.8Aug.2016

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