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Challenge Program on Water and Food

ANNUAL REPORT1. June 2006 to 31. May 2007

The information derived from these reports represents the principal methods by which basin coordinators and theme leaders are able to monitor progress amongst the projects for which they are responsible, provide input where needed, and to draw upon as they develop their synthesis reporting. The reports will serve as a basis upon which basin coordinators and theme leaders will visit CPWF projects later this year. 1 PROJECT PROFILE (this information will appear once only as a header sheet to your reports when they are electronic) PROJECT NO.: CPWF 46 PROJECT TITLE: Planning and Evaluating Ensembles of Small, Multi-purpose

Reservoirs for the Improvement of Smallholder Livelihoods and Food Security: Tools and Procedures

LEAD CPWF THEME: No. 4, Integrated Basin Water Management Systems

LEAD CPWF BENCHMARK BASIN(S): Volta

SECONDARY CPWF THEME(S): No. 2, Multiple Use of Upper Catchments

SECONDARY RIVER BASIN(S): Limpopo, São Francisco

MANAGING CENTER:

IRRI / CIAT / WORLDFISH / IWMI / IFPRI

PROJECT DURATION: 3 years

2 LINKED QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT (MILESTONE PLAN) (this section of the report should

contain your milestone tables, embedded in an excel spreadsheet. One three monthly section per page. You are required to provide comments against your milestones in this report period)

Please see individual partners’ work plans! Remember to attach all necessary reference documents.

3 SUMMARY OF ACHIEVEMENTS OVER THE PAST TWELVE MONTHS It is also important for us to be able to provide information to the CGIAR (Executive Committee and Science Council) and the donors (in our briefings and through reports) on the progress of your project and how it adds to the overall CPWF outputs. There are three elements in this section:

(a) Project Outputs: what your project has achieved, and the technical/scientific progress and rigour of your project (which is also necessary for assessment)

(b) CPWF Outputs: how your project relates to the outputs of one or more of the CPWF five research themes and one or more of the benchmark basins

(c) Outcomes and Impact: what outcomes have been achieved over the year, and how they have impacted on your initial or end users – i.e. who has used your results and to what end? This is also about dissemination pathways.

(d) A final section enables you to comment on your experiences. This information feeds into the new log frame that has been requested for our medium term plan. We plan to share this log frame with you (possibly at the next project leaders meeting) so you can see where your project slots into the overall program and how we interact with the Science Council.

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Glossary of terms (extracted from the CGIAR Medium Term Plan Guidelines): Outputs: are the products of research with a defined time-line, contributing to reaching the [CPWF] goals by offering solutions to problems identified during the planning process. Outcomes: are the external uses, adoptions, or influences of the [CPWF] output or outputs (e.g. by partners, stakeholders, clients) that lead to changes in knowledge, attitudes, policies, research capacities, agricultural practices, productivity, sustainability, or other factors required in order to achieve the intended impact. Impacts: are the longer range social, environmental and economic benefits consistent with the [CPWF] goals, e.g. increased agricultural productivity through better water management, better nutrition, sustainable resource management. Legend: IWMI, Marc, (project leader), IWMI, Eline; TUD, Nick; UZ, Aiden, IRD, Philippe, EMBRPA, Lineu 3 (a) PROJECT OUTPUTS: Technical Elements 3.1 What are the project’s main technical achievements (listed as outputs) over the past year?

Nature of project output/s

Details

Reservoir Storage Estimation (task 3.1)

- An ESA Final Report was prepared and the reservoirs surface areas were delineated. - A Paper was drafted concerning the results of radar based observation - An M.Sc. thesis was written at UNESCO-IHE by Frank Annor, now at KNUST, Ghana

Hydrological modelling (task 3.2)

- A tool was developed in which the simulation/hysteresis of reservoir ensembles is described. - A paper was developed concerning constraining hydrological models with Remote Sensing storage estimates

Developing Reservoir Siting Tool (task 4.1)

- Hydrology of ensemble tool: Inventory impact assessment tool.

Institutional analysis (task 4.2)

- Paper was published describing participatory processes in Ghana's Upper East

Stakeholder Analysis

Analysis of stakeholders and their roles in small reservoirs development (Report submitted Dec 06)

Conference Papers 3 x Conferences presented at regional conference in Malawi in November 2006. This is part of information dissemination

Modelling Modelling work on WEAP and 2 other simpler scenario models developed – 1 x Water Allocative Strategy based on Water Productivity, and 1 x Risk-of-Failure tool for small reservoirs.

Theses 2 x BSc Thesis (1 x July 2007), 4 x MSc thesis (3 x June 2007, and 1 x July 2007)

Journal Papers 3 x Journal articles published, and 2 x Journal papers submitted for review and publication in international journal.

FasoMAB project-1 Realization of an Atlas of Lakes and Reservoirs in Burkina Faso ; to be online with free access See Abstract_CECCHI_AfricaGIS_2007.pdf and FASOMAB2_IRD2007.pdf

FasoMAB project-2 Addition of an "ecological module" to the previous atlas ; idem

IMPECA project Implementation of a research project devoted to the impact of xenobiotics on aquatic communities in reservoirs See IMPECA_DANIDA2006.pdf ; see Master_HYRKAS-PERNHOLM2007.pdf

GOGEBA project Implementation of a technical project devoted to governance and the ways to be adopted for an implementation of decentralized IWRM at the Nariarlé basin scale. See GOGEBA_CRDI2006.pdf and abstract Nikiema-Quebec_May2007.pdf

Ecological data bases valorisation

Corresponds mainly to diffusion of scientific results associated to the large field campaign realized in 2005. Masters: see Master_DUFOUR2006.pdf, Master_THOMASEAU2006.pdf and Master_WOCH2006.pdf See Report_MNHN-BurkinaFaso2006.pdf and Report_MNHN-WestAfrica2006.pdf See Poster_ISME2006.pdf ; One paper in re-submission (ejected in first step). See Paper-Leboulangeretal2007.pdf Basin perspectives: see Master_MOIROUX2006.pdf

SRP dissemination Communication : Cecchi et al. (World Water Week, Stockholm, August 06) (pdf was joined to the quarterly report in dec. 06) Communication : Cecchi (GLOWA Project phase II inception meeting, Dano, sept 06, Burkina Faso See Powerpoint_Cecchi_GLOWA_DANO2006.pdf Paper : Cecchi (CPWF Meeting, Vientiane, nov. 06, Laos) See Communication_CecchiVientiane2006.pdf

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RODRIGUES, L.N.; SANO, E.E.; AZEVEDO, J.A. SILVA, E.M. PEQUENAS BARRAGENS DE TERRA NA BACIA DO RIO PRETO: distribuição espacial e área do espelho d’água. XVII Simpósio Brasileiro de Recursos Hídricos. See: File SBRH001.zip PARRON, L.M.; RODRIGUES, L.N.; JESUS, W.B.; COSER, T.R. Variação sazonal de parâmetros fisico-químicos da água de reservatórios na bacia hidrográfica do rio preto, médio rio São Francisco. VIII Congresso de Ecologia do Brasil WESCHENFELDER, R.; RODRIGUES, L.N.; SILVA, R.N. NETO, S.P.O.; PASSO, D.P. Estimativa do volume máximo de armazenamento de água dos reservatórios do rio Buriti Vermelho. III Encontro de Jovens Talentos. See: File JT001.doc AMARAL, L.S.; SILVA, J.L.; CORREIA, J.R. SILVA, L.N. RODRIGUES, L.N. BISPO, J.P.C. Mapeamento pedológico da bacia hidrográfica do rio Buriti Vermelho, Distrito Federal. III Encontro de Jovens Talentos. See File JT002.doc PASSO, D.P.; RODRIGUES, L.N.; SILVA, R.N.; NETO, S.O.P.; WESCHENFELDER, R.; SOUZA, F.A. SOUZA. Estimativa da condutividade hidráulica saturada em solos da bacia do rio Buriti Vermelho, Distrito Federal. III Encontro de Jovens Talentos. See File JT003.doc;

Conference papers 6 x conferences presented at Regional Conference as part of the information dissemination and sharing process.

SILVA, R.N.; RODRIGUES, L.N.; WESCHENFELDER, R.; PASSO, D.P.; NETO, S.O.P.; F.A. SOUZA. Estimativa da vazão do rio Buriti Vermelho. See File JT003.doc.

Journal articles 1 x journal articles submitted for publication in national refereed journal.

RODRIGUES, L.N.; SANO, E.E.; AZEVEDO, J.A. SILVA, E.M. DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPACIAL E ÁREA MÁXIMA DO ESPELHO D’ÁGUA DE PEQUENAS BARRAGENS DE TERRA NA BACIA DO RIO PRETO. Geografia. See: File Geo001.zip;

3.2 How do these outputs contribute to your project goal (and possibly those of other CPWF projects (and non- CPWF funded) in the study area)?

1) Understanding the role of stakeholders in small reservoir development and how these can be related to for the sustainable development of reservoirs. 2) Conference papers were part of the wider information dissemination about the SRP46 project 3) This is part of the core output of the project and modelling adds value to this. The 2 additional simpler models are quite hand at the local level. 4) Theses produced are part of capacity building in integrated water resources management. 5) The 3 published journal articles are part of wider information dissemination of CPWF SRP46 research work. 1/ Realization of an Atlas of Lakes and Reservoirs in Burkina Faso (FasoMAB). Corresponds to a comprehensive assessment of the reservoirs characteristics at different scales (national, large basins, local scales) including fundamental intrinsic attributes as localization, capacities, etc., and watershed's attributes as population densities, land use, etc., in using all available and up-to-dated information. This was as a statement for the SRP, but data appeared (rapidly) as particularly incomplete when not completely wrong! Two years have been necessary to complete the databases required for the creation of this atlas. We are now at the ultimate step of the FasoMAB project Phase1, with the preparation of a demonstration CD to be shared in July with DGRE (National Water Management Authority in Burkina Faso). After validation by DGRE, the FasoMAB Atlas will be on line and on free access on their institutional website (www.eauburkina.bf). Some opportunities may also appear for the preparation of a paper version (e.g. book) of this atlas (in discussion with the IRD staff in charge of Editions). This Atlas shall be considered as a major by-product for the Small Reservoirs Project by itself, but also for the CPWF initiative. 2/ All acquired ecological data base will also be shared through the same channel (eauburkina.bf): this is the coarse objective of the second phase of the FasoMAB Project. If in a first step the objective was to provide a better description of reservoirs and their contexts, the second step is strictly devoted to the creation of an "aquatic module" to be incorporated in the FasoMAB architecture. The monitoring of aquatic ecosystems is a central issue in the framework of IWRM; this aquatic module shall thus be considered as a contribution to the implementation of a forthcoming national observatory of water resources in Burkina Faso. From a different point of view, this aquatic module will also correspond to a support for the restitution of all data relative to aquatic ecosystems acquired in Burkina Faso by the SRP team. 3/ The implementation of the IMPECA project is directly associated to previous results obtained in the framework of the Small Reservoirs Project (paper, masters). The main issue of this project is to evaluate the relationship between "agricultural intensification" and "water quality" and to indicate eventual deleterious impacts. Such an issue is not basin specific, even if local (e.g. west African) conditions strongly control current dynamics. In the framework of SRP, with "ensembles of reservoirs" as target object, the IMPECA project aims at contributing to a better understanding of "anthropogenic factors" that are said to orient and define the composition of aquatic communities in such areas. We hypothesized that typologies of exploitation (with more or less intensified agricultural practices) could be associated to typologies of threats regarding ecosystems properties. We hypothesized also that water poverty could be an efficient proxy (one among other) in the architecture of typologies

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of exploitations. And thus that there exist trade-off between poverty, water productivity and ecosystem's health. This last point is a question to be tested. From a different point of view, the IMPECA project will explicitly contribute to the local implementation of IWRM through the comparison of two basins that are characterized by hugely contrasted vocation (tap water production versus agriculture). Such comparison is expected to document and maybe influence the flexibility of IWRM implementation at these local scales. In Burkina Faso, pesticides and xenobiotics are largely suspected by different categories of stakeholders, e.g. their growing utilisation, noticeably around reservoirs for vegetable production, is said to generate pollutions. In a first and very basic way, the project will contribute to answer to this important question. As collateral by-product, a simple and native-language-written document will be prepared and disseminated towards peasants to present the "good practices" related to pesticides utilization and health protection (for peasants and their family themselves). 4/ The GoGeBa project aims to contribute to fill the gap between institutional approaches of IWRM and its local implementations. Even if there is no veritable obligation of results, the main interest of this project is to relay IWRM at local scales (through information, contradictory discussions, etc.). 5/ Scientific publications are on the road. One poster has been presented in August 2006. A first version of a paper focused on ecological impacts of xenobiotics has been rejected, rewritten and is now in resubmission. As previously evocated, all environmental and ecological databases acquired during our intervention in Burkina Faso will be shared through the FasoMAB-2 project. The related synthetic report is in preparation but formal valorisation through scientific contribution (poster and papers) is expected and required. The main difficulty has been to effectively collect and validate data relative to anthropogenic factors said to control phytoplankton dynamics. It's only now, after at least two years of intense efforts, that such information is available. And it's logically only now that the expected scientific valorisation is feasible… Ultimately, such scientific valorisation is the unique way towards scientific approval and recognizing of our activities. As such, it's clearly a priority. 6/ Cyanobacteria in particular, but it remains also true for other planktonic communities (e.g. bacteria and virus), are poorly known in continental areas of West Africa. SRP contributed to a better understanding of their diversity and also functionalities. Several reports have been prepared (students, consultants) that need now to be validated by scientific reviewers and disseminated towards the scientific community. For cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins, quite nothing exists in the literature related to this tropical area. Even if not already published in specialized revues, our work and main results are known and the expected papers will be particularly welcome due to the worldwide problematic related to cyanobacterial proliferation and associated toxin' infestation (biogeographical perspectives in particular).

3 (b) CPWF OUTPUTS: relevance to CPWF thematic areas and basin priorities 3.3 How will the outputs identified above contribute to the CPWF output/s attached?

CPWF Outputs Project Contributions

Paper with Aidan on multiple use of reservoirs in Zimbabwe (to be resubmitted) is of great use to and has benefitted from insights from CPWF28 (multiple use water systems or MUS)

Information generation

Research is generating information on small reservoirs in semi-arid environments

Information sharing Sharing of information is important in research so others can learn from what is happening elsewhere.

Modelling Work Contributes to the bigger goal of developing the Small Reservoir tool. The simpler tools on Allocative Strategy & Risk-of-Failure analysis are much more applicable at the local level by the resource poor farmers in the Limpopo basin – there is no need for computers but a simple understanding of their systems.

Water quality assessment

IMPECA project definition (agricultural intensification and aquatic ecosystem's properties) + FASO MAB-2 project definition (ecological and environmental data sharing)

Governance GOGEBA project definition (decentralization and IWRM)

Basin perspective FASO MAB-1 project implementation (Atlas of Lakes and Reservoirs in Burkina Faso to be online next July)

Ecological data Scientific diffusion

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3.4 Are there other CPWF outputs that your project is contributing to?

Your project may provide new knowledge and information for other outputs on the attached list. List any here and comment against them. Do you see any areas where you could/ should work more closely with another CPWF project? (This may not be applicable to your project) The project works closely together with other CPWF projects, like CPWF No. 47 on institutional and transboundary issues in the Volta and Limpopo Basin and CPWF No. 40 on institutional and governance matters in the Upper East Region. Furthermore, the project works closely together on hydrological issues in the Limpopo basin with CPWF No. 17 through a PhD student.

CPWF Outputs Project Contributions

3 (c) OUTCOMES AND IMPACT Before attempting this section access these web pages for an overview of the basis of how we approach outcomes and impact. They are from the IDRC web page on ‘Outcome Mapping’). http://web.idrc.ca/uploads/user-S/10960530301karaoke.swf http://web.idrc.ca/en/ev-64698-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html 3.5 What are the ‘outcomes’ of your research to date?

What outcomes have been generated by the outputs (as listed in 3.1) that you project has yielded to date? Please be basin specific.

Output (from 3.1) Resultant outcomes

Reservoir storage estimation

A paper was drafted describing the accumulated experience with the delineation of small reservoirs on the basis of radar imagery. In addition, a MSc thesis was written by Frank Annor of KNUST, Ghana, describing in detail delineation and georeferencing processes.

Hydrological impact modeling

A MatLab program was developed to simulate the behavior of reservoir ensembles. This program (SRC_Sim5) incorporates all statistical relations developed during the project and calculates the impact (reservoir evaporation, irrigation water use, and spillage) as function of different farmer strategies.

Developing Local Institutional Planning Procedures

A paper was published in the International Journal of Water Resources Development (22,4. 2006); “Participation “Participation; rhetoric and reality. The importance of understanding stakeholders based on a case study in Upper East Ghana.” As a result of further field work, a report was written in which the testing of a prototype role game was developed and received in the field. This resulted in having to redesign some aspects of the game, taking more into account the communication paths between water user, extension agent and researchers.

Knowledge Sharing Component

The focus of this component is on how to share information and knowledge between researchers, small reservoirs water-users and other stakeholders such as the dept. of agriculture. A field study at 12 sites was carried out, in which an approach was applied that focuses on understanding more about how local water users perceive the problems they encounter at the small reservoir sites. A pamphlet was made and distributed in the Upper East Region of Ghana, which explains how water users used drawings to give an indication of the problems they experienced at their sites and the manners in which they envisioned that these problems could be solved.

Outputs from Capacity Building: 4 master theses

Some of the outcomes of the Master’s work are: a better understanding of seepage to the subsoil, based on measurements carried out in Brazil. A better understanding of the interdependencies between the presence (or absence) of these reservoirs and the well-being of rural households living near them. The result so far flow directly into the curriculum development of the MSc course on water resources management at KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana.

Water quality assessment

IMPECA project implemented + FASO MAB-2 project implemented Student thesis and reports available. Papers in review.

Governance GOGEBA project implemented

Basin perspective FASO MAB-1 project completed 3.6 Who has used these outcomes? Provide evidence to justify your answer.

List the intended users of these outcomes and tell us how they have been involved in their development to date (if at all) and how they have used resulting technology/information. Refer not only to the various specific users, but also separately to the basin/s in which they operate. We are looking for ‘behavioural change’ amongst your users (some of whom may not be ‘intended’) On the basin level: Water Resources Commission and where in place the Basin Authorities. On the community level: Water user associations and agricultural extension agents.

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Outcomes Intended/unintended users and their involvement/uptake in individual basins.

Monitoring and simulation of reservoir ensembles

This component is presently subject of scientific peer review. This is a relatively technical component that needs to be evaluated critically at a scientific level before it becomes standard operational procedure. The hydrological community within the European Space Agency is, therefore, the first set of intended users.

Different approaches to determining what problems are at dam sites

The outcomes of the Knowledge Sharing component have , so far, been used in part by the Agriculture Extension agents and a number of heads of the department of agriculture. Furthermore, the continuing work being done contributes to spreading the information and gathering new information through interaction with the local water users. By gaining a better understanding of how they perceive problems at the reservoir site, we can better determine how to help solve these problems in a manner that is consistent with local views, tasks and perceptions.

Stakeholder analysis This is of use by the wider people responsible for small reservoir development.

Conflict analysis For use by development agencies, including government on how to deal with conflicts in the development of small reservoirs

Papers, theses & articles

By researchers and academics and others interested in small reservoirs.

Water quality assessment

DGRE (National Structure in charge of Water Resources Management). Institutional partner and ultimate destination of our researchs.

Governance DGRE (national scale) and ONG BDe (local scale): idem.

Basin perspective and ecological data

Online access to map and data; everyone interested by small reservoirs…

3.7 Beyond what you have told us so far, what dissemination / information -sharing activities are you undertaking?

This question is meant to indicate what dissemination pathways you are developing with your peers and with your intended users. The answer also explains how you are going to strengthen (if necessary) your current experiences in 3.6 above. The project pursues three different dissemination pathways: 1) At the end of the project: collaborative dissemination together with CPWF 47 and 40 in form of a workshop with end users of developed tools in a threefold structure - presentation, training and feedback. 2) During and after the project: individual follow-up disciplinary projects and activities. 3) Beyond the project life time: further elaborate translation of research results and tools into applicable messages with testing of messages and feedback into further research in form of a project extension proposal to the BMZ/GTZ

Monitoring and simulation of reservoir ensembles

Mainly following standard pathways of peer reviews and phased assessment through publication and presentation of intermediate results.

Researchers & academics:

Papers and conferences. 3 x conference papers will be presented at the regional symposium to be held in Zambia November 2007. 2 x conference papers were presented in Malawi in 2006.

Local planners and stakeholders:

Tools on allocating water and also tools on assessing risk-of-failure of small reservoirs.

As previously evocated, scientific valorisation is a priority.

3.8 How would you describe your projects contribution so far to the CPWF mandate of producing international public goods?

Type of international public goods

Status

Monitoring and simulation of reservoir ensembles

Monitoring small reservoirs with radar imagery would generally be seen as a straightforward task. As a matter of fact, the detection and delineation is a relatively subtle process that is now more or less completely understood. There are certain clear limitations, specifically when the landscape has dried out. Also the effect of wind, which was not well known for small waterbodies, is now well described and can be expected to be used in all semi-arid areas of the world.

Papers Available to the wider public for free as conference proceedings. More papers are under preparation to further disseminate information.

Technical and scientific papers

All produced papers (report, articles, etc.) are systematically shared with DGRE and, if possible, will be in free access on different web sites.

GIS development The IRD team is involved in the development of an interactive atlas of lakes and reservoirs in Burkina Faso.

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3 (d) TECHNICAL AND/ OR MANAGEMENT ISSUES 3.9. Any problems or constraints - deviations - in the past year?

Continued delays and errors in delivery of radar images caused problems. Especially the fact that no ALOS data have been made available until now means the final analysis has to be made without L-band images. Also instrumentation problems occurred during the last field campaign. The collaboration with IRSS has virtually come to a halt since October 2006. A set of reports was sent but these were incomplete and none of the questions to improve on the fulfilment of the contract have been answered. What is available will be processed into a report. 1) Procurement of hydrological equipment was eventually not done because of delays and missing of the last hydrological season. That component of the study will, likewise, be scaled back. 2) There were extensive delays in the completion of the WEAP modelling work due to the candidate who was working on it taking up employment before completion and not putting enough time to the project. Since it was an MSc, it could not be transferred or given to someone else for completion. The thesis eventually got submitted and examined in June 2007. Material from it will only be abstracted in July 2007 for reporting to the SDRP project. 3) The MSc student who was working on Role Playing and Prototype game was moved to a different topic by his department (without informing the PI). Consequently that part had to be done more as a desk study by a researcher in the team.

3.10 Any adjustments you would like to make in the coming year to make the project more efficient and effective?

The project is coming to an end, adjustments are necessary with regards to the final deadline and official ending of the project, since the funds were released to the project partners partly over six months after the official start of the project, project activities subsequently had to be postponed accordingly and could not always be done in the shorter period of time given then. Therefore, there will be a slight delay in submitting final set of materials and a scale back in the expectations from the WEAP model for the Limpopo. Work is in normal progress for the aqua-ecological component.

3.11 Comment on your interactions with Theme Leaders

Rare, but useful.

3.12 Comment on your interaction with basin coordinators.

Interaction with the basin coordinator has been excellent. Good interact with basin coordinator also with regards to the collaboration with PN17 and PN46 (SRP), regular and useful.

3.13 Comment on your interactions with other CPWF and non CPWF projects in the basin.

Interactions through follow-up activities, especially in the field of human resource development (IFDC, KNUST) Share research students and field resources with PN17, and 30. Many contacts and interactions, firstly with other SRP members. Explicit implication in the Volta Basin Focal Project (coordination of activities in Burkina Faso, with J. Lemoalle).

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4 CAPACITY BUILDING Please tell us about your capacity building activities over the year. This information is useful for us as we take forward our capacity building program. There is a line for ‘identified needs’ so you can comment on capacity building activities that would be useful in your project and that would add value to the CPWF as a whole.

Category Basin location Activities and expected outcomes Bachelors students

Limpopo 1 x BSc (Joyline Ella Mutepfa) completed work on Water Use and Water Productivity by large water users in a basin looking at parastatal operations in sugar cane production.

Limpopo 1 x BSc student (Roick Chikati) to complete work (July 2007) on Sand Abstraction of Water from silted up small reservoirs.

Masters students

Sao Francisco

Tijs Dekker (TU Delft): Seepage losses from reservoirs in Brazil

Masters students

Volta

Geertjo van Dijk (TU Delft): Reservoir game development

Masters students

Volta

Anneke van der Kraan (TU Delft): Econometric analysis of relation between small reservoirs and poverty

Masters students

Volta

Frank Annor: Delineation of small reservoirs based on Single Look Complex data.

Masters students

Limpopo 1 x MSc student (Sam Rukuni) on WEAP modelling 1 x MSc student (Geoffrey Mamba) on Water Productivity and Water Allocative Strategy for small reservoirs 1 x MSc student (Ngoni Mufute) on Risk-of-Failure tool for small reservoirs 1 x MSc student (Chipo Masona) on Water quality monitoring and pollution loading in small reservoirs

Masters students

Volta GIS development (MOIROUX Nicolas). His master has been successfully defended in sept. 06. N. Moiroux was back in Burkina Faso for a semester after the completion of his degree to contribute to the characterization of anthropogenic attributes of watersheds.

Masters students

Volta GIS development (SANOU Bakary): contribution to Faso MAB project. B. Sanou has been recently selected and is now granted for one year (French Ambassy in Ouagadougou) to realize a Master in France (GIS and remote sensing). Sanou will thus be involved in further work related to the SRP objectives.

Masters students

Volta Ecological development (WOCH Marjolaine): her master has been successfully presented in sept.06. It was an important contribution for us because of its methodological aspect (experimental device).

Masters students

Volta Ecological development (HYRKAS Wille and PERNHOLM Stina): recently defended (June 2007), their work corresponds to a pilote for the Impeca Project.

Masters students

Volta Ecological development (WAONGO Assiata): this student, from the University of Ouagadougou, joined the team at the beginning of June. Her work will be mainly experimental and focused on xenobiotics impact's on phytoplankton communities.

Masters students

Volta Hydroecological perspectives (GOWER Drew): this student, from the Wisconsin University, will join the project in July for a semester devoted to the study of relationship between surface and groundwater in the Nariarlé basin.

Masters students

SF Ana Carolina Mera. University of Brasília Activities: to evaluate the performance and efficiency of the irrigation systems; to examine the profitability of the irrigation systems.

Masters students

SF Tijs Deker. Delft University of Technology Activities: quantify seepage through the bottom of a small reservoir.

PhDs Volta Jens Liebe: Monitoring and modelling of small reservoirs. Detailed field observations with respect to evaporation. Extesive time series analysis of small reservoir observations based on radar (Envisat ASAR) imagery. The Knowledge Sharing Component was incorporated late in the SRP project and was in part carried out by a PhD student at the Technical University Delft, the Netherlands. The

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component’s inclusion led to a step wise trust building approach to involve of communities and agriculture district departments. The focus of the interaction was to examine with the water-users a number of manners in which problems at the water system could be represented and communicated by the water users to, for example, the district assembly men of the areas and/or the area’s agricultural extension agent (AEA). The main focus then became to examine how drawings could be used as a means of presenting problems.

Volta Improvements of proposal Volta A proposal has been written by Nicolas MOIROUX entitled "Watershed, anthropogenic

pressures and reservoir's metabolism in Sahel: the Nakambé in Burkina Faso". We are looking for a grant to realize this thesis.

Scientists Conference presentations and journal papers Volta Dr ZONGO Frederic, MC at the Ouagadougou Univ., specialized in phytoplankton

taxonomy. Sharing concerns mainly limnological approaches (methodology, instrumentation, data analysis, etc.).

Limpopo Stakeholder analysis Conflict management analysis

Others (identify)

Limpopo 1 x MSc student on DEM work (not really completed) Zinwa technicians in data collection (climatic and rainfall data)

Volta Water management official institution (DGRE): dissemination of main results. Future needs Post docs NGOs Limpopo In stakeholder and conflict management analysis work Volta Belgian NGO (Broederlijk Delen). NARES Development of follow-up activities with EIER and KNUST. Farmers Limpopo Interacted with farmers extensively during the study

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5 PROJECT PROCEDURES FOR DATA COLLECTION/STORAGE AND SHARING Please note that under the Project Agreement (standard clauses), that all data collected by your project is to be made freely available as an international public good. We are keen to ensure that data is shared as widely as possible both within the CPWF and to the wider community. If you want to discuss this issue please contact Dr Francis Gichuki on f.gichuki@cgiar.org. (a) Technical elements

5.1. Data collected: what is the extent of your data collection to date?

Extensive field and remote sensing data have been collected. Data collected from the Knowledge Sharing Component has been translated into deliverables which have been written to give an overview of what was done, how, why and during which period. The weaknesses and strengths of the carried out approaches were mentioned and led to the development of revised approaches which are in the process still of being carried out further. Biomedical data on malaria and schistosomiasis (prevalence and vectors), incomplete 1) Climatic data 2) Stakeholder roles data 3) General demographic information on the sub-catchment being studied. - Ecological data (field and experimental studies). Data bases stored at IRD Ouagadougou. - Environmental data (watershed, populations, land use, etc.). GIS at IRD Ouagadougou. The data are stored in Excel and discussed in a progress report. Data available: - Climatic (precipitation solar radiation, wind speed, humidity); - Discharge; - Land use; - Soil (type, %clay, %silt, %sand, hydraulic conductivity); - Socio-economic (population size, GPD per capita, income, distribution of land ownership, etc.); - Small reservoir distribution, area and volume; - Water quality

5.2 Can any of this information be usefully shared now?

Yes, see, for example, MSc thesis by Frank Annor and papers/presentations by Jens Liebe&Nick van de Giesen. Since the focus of the Knowledge Sharing Component is on that sharing, a pamphlet was developed which was also distributed amongst the water user communities, the departments of agriculture, the Ministry of Food and Agriculture, IWMI, etc. Data is in reports and papers and so is readily available to those who might be interested in it. Yes. It's the main purpose of the FasoMAB project (but it' not true for all databases used for the creation of the GIS implemented within FasoMAB.) Data are being analysed and will be made available until the end of the project.

5.3 Data analysed: what is the extent of your data analysis to date?

All data analysis has been done. For the knowledge sharing component the data had to be analysed immediately or else suggestions for improvement of the approaches for further work would have been useless. Pending satisfactory explanations from IRSS which will probably not come Collected data has been analysed as is possible for the reports, papers and theses. Partial. The completion of ecological data bases is a long process (I'm still waiting for phytoplankton numeration of samples collected in 2005…). In the same way and as previously said, the completion of data bases related to "anthropogenic pressures" has been a tremendous work. We just realized this completion and then just began related analyses.

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About 90% of the data is analysed.

5.4 Information shared: what knowledge or information have you shared to date and who with?

Synthesizing papers have been drafted or are in the process of being drafted. Since the focus of the Knowledge Sharing Component is on that sharing, a pamphlet was developed which was also distributed amongst the water user communities, the departments of agriculture, the Ministry of Food and Agriculture, IWMI, etc. Most, if not all, have been shared with others in CPWF, relevant government departments and academics. The papers and theses are available on the web for all to access. DGRE, formal and ultimate addressee of our activities, is informed in real time of our works. Both formal report and informal discussion contribute to this proximity. The restitution in July to DGRE of a demonstration CD of the Atlas is a clear element. - Farmers: Evapotranspiration and soil; - Basin focal project: Climatic data, soil, discharge and socioeconomic; - IFS: Climatic data, soil, discharge and socioeconomic;

(b) Project Management element:

5.6. What notable management and implementation lessons have you learned to date, and what would you do differently as a result?

No more remote collaboration with local partners, very negative experience with IRSS in Burkina Faso. 1) The need for quick decisions and implementation in a hyperinflationary environment (now over 3000%) with massive central exchange rate controls by government. 2) Support from the Project Coordinator and his assistant has been fantastic. 3) Been a bit disappointed at the lack of more total integration of research taking place in the various basins (as evidenced through lack of joint-across-basin publications). Always the same regarding aquatic ecology which remains a dramatically neglected issue: lack of specific academic formation at University and, consequently, very scarce opportunities to identify students. The only alternative is to work with students from other countries, even continents: there is a permanent turn over of European and American students in my lab in Ouaga…

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6 WRITTEN MATERIALS Please provide a copy of the materials as an annex to this report in electronic format. Materials will be posted on the CPWF web site as appropriate with your agreement and when in final form.

Type/title Related to which Output Expected Date

of Publication1 Name of journal or

main user of materials

Author/s

PAPERS

Papers for national seminar/conference / workshop

Strengths and challenges of Ecosystem Approaches to Human Health: Lessons learnt from health impacts of small dams’ case studies in Ethiopia, Burkina Faso and Morocco

Abstract accepted for Ecohealth One conference, October 6-10, Wisconsin

Laamrani H, Boelee E, Ait Lhaj A, Rhajaoui H, Yohannes M, Zongo D

Health impact assessment of small reservoirs

International Forum on Water and Food, 13 November 2006, Vientiane

Abstract accepted for Session 8 on Positive Management of Dam Reservoirs

Boelee E, Laamrani H, Ait Lhaj A, Zongo D, Rhajaoui H, Yohannes M

Quantifying Total Water Productivity for Multiple-Use Small Reservoirs in Mzingwane Catchment, Zimbabwe

Small reservoir modelling November 2007 Waternet/Warfsa/GWP Symposium _ Zambia

Mamba. G., A. Senzanje, A. Mhizha & M. Munamati

Collective Action in Small Reservoir Development; Its Complexities and Role In Water Management

Stakeholder analysis November 2007 Waternet/Warfsa/GWP Symposium _ Zambia

Munamati, M., & A. Senzanje

The Development of a Risk-of-Failure Evaluation Tool for Small Dams.

Small reservoir modelling November 2007 Waternet/Warfsa/GWP Symposium _ Zambia

Mufute, N., A. Senzanje, E. Kaseke & M. Munamati

Papers for national seminar/conference / workshop

3.1 (1)

Sept. - 2007;

VIII Congresso de Ecologia do Brasil;

PARRON, L.M.; RODRIGUES, L.N.; JESUS, W.B.; COSER, T.R

1 This may not be applicable in all cases (i.e. for ‘gray’ publications such as a survey sheet)

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3.1 (1)

Nov. - 2007;

XVII Simpósio Brasileiro de Recursos Hídricos;

RODRIGUES, L.N.; SANO, E.E.; AZEVEDO, J.A. SILVA, E.M.

3.1 (4) June – 2007; III Encontro de jovens talentos

- WESCHENFELDER, R.; RODRIGUES, L.N.; SILVA, R.N. NETO, S.P.O.; PASSO, D.P. - AMARAL, L.S.; SILVA, J.L.; CORREIA, J.R. SILVA, L.N. RODRIGUES, L.N. BISPO, J.P.C. - PASSO, D.P.; RODRIGUES, L.N.; SILVA, R.N.; NETO, S.O.P.; WESCHENFELDER, R.; SOUZA, F.A. SOUZA. - SILVA, R.N.; RODRIGUES, L.N.; WESCHENFELDER, R.; PASSO, D.P.; NETO, S.O.P.; F.A. SOUZA.

Papers for international seminar/ conference /workshop From watersheds to aquatic ecosystems: scaling up and out the interactions between anthropogenic inputs and small reservoirs properties in the Volta Basin (Burkina Faso)

SRP dissemination

CPWF Forum Vientiane Nov. 06

Cecchi P.

Gouvernance et gestion communale des petits barrages au Burkina Faso

Conférence internationale à Gatineau, Québec Collaborer en Afrique : Les nouvelles approches dans le secteur de l’eau, 24-25 mai 2007

A. Nikiema (INSS Ouaga) P. Cecchi (IRD Ouaga) J.M. Dipama (Univ. Ouaga) C. Etongo (Bde Koubri) H. Lamrani (Iwmi Accra)

PowerPoint Presentations “Role of Sand Dams and Small Reservoirs”

Related to Knowledge Sharing Output. Presentation of Small

Presentation held 22-03-07

11e NETHCID SYMPOSIUM: Water Management for Food Production in Africa

M.I.Poolman and M.W..Ertsen

Hysteresis in SR ensembles

EPFL, 2006

SRP, IRD and Water in Burkina Faso: aquatic ecololy emphasis

SRP dissemination

GLOWA-Volta Inception Workshop (Dano, Sept. 06)

Cecchi P.

PUBLICATIONS Journal Article:

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“Participation; rhetoric and reality. The importance of understanding stakeholders based on a case study in Upper East Ghana.”

Related to Knowledge Sharing Output

International Journal of Water Resources Development, 22(4): 561-573, 2006, (doi:10.1080/07900620600813191)

Martine I. Poolman, N.C. van de Giesen.

Radar for SR 3.1 2007 Remote Sensing of the Environment Liebe et al

Evap from SR 3.2 2007 AgWatMan Liebe et al Ensemble behavior 4.2 2008 WRR van de Giesen et al Toxicity of water extracts and pesticides to planktonic microorganisms isolated from tropical reservoirs (Burkina Faso, West Africa)

Ecological data In review Environmental Toxicology

Leboulanger C. (IRD France) Bouvy M. (IRD France) Dufour R.A. (IRD France) Pagano M. (IRD France) Cecchi P. (IRD Burkina Faso)

3.1 Feb 2008 Geografia RODRIGUES, L.N.; SANO, E.E.; AZEVEDO, J.A. SILVA, E.M.

Policy paper / brief: Working Paper: FasoMAB-project

Basin perspective Granted by IRD Cecchi P.

IMPECA-project

Water quality assessment Granted by DANIDA Cecchi P. et al.

GoGeBa-project Gouvernance Granted by IDRC Lamrani et al.

Book/Monograph:

Chapters in books/proceedings: “Drawing to start exchange of technical knowledge”

Related to Knowledge Sharing Output Nov/Dec 2007

Commemorative publication for the 33rd quinquennial jubilee of the TU Delft, the Netherlands.

M.I. Poolman

Water Availability and Economic Development

general project May 2007

The Hydropolitics of Africa: A Contemporary Challenge. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 325-332.

Liebe, et al

Other:

TRAINING MATERIALS

Other:

Related to Knowledge Sharing Output (a pamphlet was written:

NA

For agricultural extension agents, district directors of agriculture, the

M.I. Poolman

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Water Users Drawing) agricultural information centres, other researchers in the area and for others outside of area to gain an idea of what was done.

SURVEY MATERIALS

Survey proforma:

Related to Knowledge Sharing Output NA

Analysis of use of drawings to convey problems at reservoir sites.

M.I.Poolman/ G. van Dijk

Analysis proforma: After Action Review

relating to Knowledge Sharing Output (see KS deliverables)

NA Analysis of how participatory learning activity proceded

M.I. Poolman

PROJECT INFORMATION MATERIALS Web site: www.smallreservoirs.org/

ftp://exchange.tellus.org/WEAP_Workshop_Materials_Dec_2004/. www.vulnerabilitynet.org.

Posters:

“Small Reservoirs Project, what does the section WRM of TUDelft do within this project”

October 2006

“Symposium : Waterbouwdag 2006” The Netherlands. As well as for the “Plenty of Shortage” exposition hosted by Studium Generale, TU Delft.

M.I. Poolman

Comparative analysis by 16S rRNA sequencing of the bacterial community composition from two contrasted freshwater ecosystems in France and in Burkina Faso.

Ecological data

ISME 11 Vienna Austria August 2006

J.F. Humbert (INRA France) U. Dorigo (INRA France) P. Cecchi (IRD Burkina Faso) B. Le Berre (INRA France) M. Bouvy (IRD France)

Brochures: Flyer Water Users Drawings April 2007 M.I. Poolman, T. Schuetz Newsletters: CPWF Newsletter Small Reservoirs Project

Applies New Research Perspectives, Contributions to: - Most significant change stories - Scaling workshop

Jan./ Feb. 2007 22nd Issue of Water and Food Monthly

T. Schuetz, M. Andreini

IWMI newsletter Small Reservoirs Project - Outreach Activities

Issue 1 - 2007 Water Figures Africa T. Schuetz, M. Andreini

Other:

Information about the TUDelft’s work in SRP for

June- december 2007

For all visitors of the Techniek museum,

M.I.Poolman

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an exposition at the Technical Museum in Delft, called Een Delftse voetafdruk in Afrika (“Delfts’ footprint in Africa”)

ANY OTHER WRITTEN MATERIALS THAT DO NOT FALL UNDER THE ABOVE CATEGORIES Report

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7 COMMUNICATIONS ACTIVITIES

Type Where held When held Who aimed at Outcome PROJECT MANAGEMENT MEETINGS SRP meeting Orebro Sweden August 2006 SRP cohesion SRP presentation during World Water Week NATIONAL SEMINARS / CONFERENCES / WORKSHOPS GLOWA-Volta Inception Workshop

Dano, Burkina Faso

September 2006 Inception workshop Ecological activities within SRP presentation

REGIONAL SEMINARS / CONFERENCES / WORKSHOP S Waternet/Warfsa/GWP Symposium

Lilongwe, Malawi

Nov 2006 Regional & International scientists

Symposium proceedings. Good papers went fro review for possible publication in an international journal.

INTERNATIONAL SEMINARS / CONFERENCES / WORKSHOP S Swedish World Water Week Stockholm August 2006 International

scientists Posters

ISME 11 Vienna, Austria August 2006 Scientific meeting Ecological results presentation Collaborer en Afrique. Les nouvelles approches dans le secteur de l’eau.

Gatineau, Québec

May 2007 Scientific meeting IWRM at local scales in Burkina Faso

FARMER GROUP MEETINGS / WORKSHOPS / TRAINING SESSIONS / DEMONSTRATIONS Interaction with farmers during the study

Avoca /Siwaze area

Jan-March 2007 Farmers, extension staff, and researchers

B-T-O reports

IMPECA inception Workshop Koubri, Burkina Faso

March 2007 Inception workshop Linking agricultural intensification and aquatic ecosystem's preseveration.

FIELD VISITS TO PROJECT PARTNERS Dia de Campo: Conservação dos Recursos Hídricos da Bacia do Rio Buriti Vermelho

Buriti Vermelho - Sede da Colônia Agrícola

16/09/2006 Participants: 78

OTHER KEY COMMUNICATIONS ACTIVITIES PPT presentation Addis Ababa Jan & Feb 2007 IWMI theme leaders Theme leaders aware of health research on small reservoirs in

Burkina Faso, Morocco and elsewhere VIDEOS / DVDs / PLAYS / SONGS / ORAL MATERIALS PRODUCED / RADIO PRESENTATIONS / TELEVISION Living Labs, clip for CPWF Forum

Vientiane, Laos Nov. 2006 Donor and other CPWF project leaders

What other communications activities did you undertake to keep in contact with your stakeholders over the year? Please note also any plans for the future, and any constraints to communicating as much as your would wish (other than financial resources for international and regional travel - that is a given) The farming community that you are working with? During the research and data collection phases we communicated with the farmers and extension agents. Regular field visits. Policy makers, other decision makers and users of research that your project is aimed at? Only at the technical level regarding stakeholder roles. Data and information sharing Your partners? Communicated with various stakeholders (government, public and NGOs) as well as technicians in the field. mailing Others – including the general public? What, if anything, do you think the CPWF (as a community) could do to reach a wider audience of scientists, policy makers, development agencies, extension workers, farming communities (others?) to increase the flow of information of your research results to users, or to increase the two way flow of information with your peers and users of your research? (this is not a compulsory question to answer but we want to get your views on how better to get the results of your research out and how better to link with your users without discriminating against any groups.)

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Firstly, to better explain the objectives of CPWF. In a concrete way, nobody here in Burkina Faso clearly understand why there is in one hand, projects, as could be the SRP, and in another hand, global assessment as could be the BFP (Basin Focal Project). Redundancy? Competition? Even if clear for participants to these different projects, it's not always the case for their partners…

8 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ISSUES Please note any significant IP issues that may have arisen in the reporting period.

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9 HIGHLIGHTS OF YOUR WORK THIS YEAR 1. What elements of your work this year do you want to highlight for inclusion in scientific reports that are produced by the CPWF (particularly the synthesis reports that capture your work from perspectives of the new understanding you are contributing to research, the impact for the basins which you work in, and the implications for other basins.) In this project a theme – small reservoirs – was picked and a multidisciplinary team assembled to achieve the two-fold objective of developing tools for better planning and maintenance of small reservoirs on the basin and community level. This year the project team has made progress moving towards a synthesis of the individual disciplinary research components, hydrology, health, aquatic ecology, and socio-economy. The principal investigators worked across their disciplines and at the same time deepened their individual scientific knowledge. Their interactions resulted in a lot of cross-fertilisation for on-going as well as future project work. For example, within the Small Reservoirs Project the collaboration between the health and aquatic biology components was very close. This collaboration contributed to the development of a useful tool: the atlas of atlas of lakes and reservoirs of Burkina Faso realized under the Fasomab project. Over the life of the project the team members have developed considerable SRP 'social capital'. They have supported additional students not originally planned for at the beginning of the project. Support in the form of shared scientific knowledge, generous use of shared infrastructure, and the passing down of information about specific field conditions, physical and institutional, means that students are able to accomplish much more in the limited time they have to do their work than they would have been able to if they were starting in an unknown environment. Relatively humble amounts of additional IWMI UNRES funding used to support student travel and other minor expenses have been leveraged into some very impressive results. Working together in this manner is attractive to students looking for research opportunities and the project has achieved an impressive record of capacity building. Furthermore, the project expanded and its ongoing collaboration with two other Challenge Program projects, CPWF 40 Governance Modelling and CPWF 47 Transboundary Issues, and with its unofficial sister project the ZEF/IWMI-led GLOWA Volta Project (GVP). These projects are scientifically complementary and offer the opportunity to up-scale the project’s research findings and tools. It is anticipated that the three projects (CPWF 40, 46, and 47) will join forces in their dissemination and up-scaling activities in the Volta Basin with the support of the theme leader, No. 5, The Global and National Food and Water System, Annette Huber-Lee, and Volta Basin Coordinator, Winston Andah through jointly sponsored workshop this fall and perhaps other activities. 2. Other than the research being undertaken, are there any project management techniques – including partnerships that would not otherwise have happened, influence on the priority setting process within your institute, closer contact with a farming community, a different way of interacting with end users, access and management of funds, that you have used as a result of being contracted under the CPWF that would not have been possible under other programs? Positive / negative. Two additional initiatives of the Challenge Program, CGIAR, and the International Water Management Institute supported the above-described highlights and enriched our approach: The Knowledge Sharing in Research Pilot Project and the Impact Pathways and Scaling Initiative. This project is focused on a particular technology, the small reservoir, and not on a single discipline i.e. hydrology, sociology, etc. and our team adapted to the circumstances as they evolved. The CP and CGIAR initiatives worked creatively with us and with a degree of confidence in our team that is very much appreciated. We ended up communicating much more closely with the farming communities and the local implementing institutions would have otherwise been possible. (One page only for your responses please to the two sections. Note that we use this information for various reports to committees, for briefing donors, and other communications activities) 10 (c) Matching Funds Comment on matching funds and explain why, if they are not on track as agreed ?

(state any deviations, action taken, any risk to the project) On track. No deviation.

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10 (d) General Overview Comment on expenditure compared with project progress - is it on track?

(state any deviations, action taken, any risk to the project) On track. No deviation.

Comment on time spent compared with project progress - is it on track?

(state any deviations, action taken, any risk to the project) Project progress is not completely on track, regarding the ecological issue of SRP, due to delays in the data bases completion: (1) time lag between field campaign and data availability (e.g. phytoplankton counting); (2) synoptic characterization of anthropogenic pressures at basin scales which required a very huge and time-consuming effort. However, what seems to have been lost in time and efficiency regarding aquatic ecology sensu stricto is converted in an immediate output through the realization of the "Atlas of lakes and reservoirs".

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Attachment: List of thematic outputs / basins / projects

Predicted Outputs of the CPWF Phase 1

Themes and priority areas Project outputs

Crop water productivity improvement ThemeFirst generation of aerobic rice germplasm 16 X X X XImproved drought tolerant varieties of various crops 2 6 X XNew salt-tolerant breeding lines and varieties 7 X X X

Improved rice-based cropping systems 11 10 XTechnologies for improved crop-water-nutrient management 1 5 30 X XCrop production risk management strategies 6 37 8 12 X

Tools and methods for quantifying water quality 15 38 51 10 x x xIntegrating multiple uses of water 28 35 8 x x

Strategies for enhanced adoption of drought-tolerant crops 1 2 5 37 X X X XInstitutional and policy options for improved crop water productivity 1 5 12 X

Water and people in catchments ThemeMethods of assessing diversity and dynamics of livelihoods 24 20 25 XImpacts of payment of environmental services on poverty 22 XOptions for enhancing forest and water-based livelihoods 23 X

Guidelines for allocation of wetland resources 30 XOptions for integrated forest and water management 23 37 8 20 46 X X

Guidelines for multiple use water supply systems and water sharing 28 8 25 46 X X X X XImproved agroforestry methods to enhance farmers' income 23 20 X X X

Guidelines for multiple use water supply systems 28 37 x x x x xImpact of QSMAS on farmer's income 15 20 x x x

Aquatic ecosystems and fisheries ThemeInstitutional mechanisms for integrating fish and crop production 35 X X XPolicies for sustainable fisheries 34 36 52 10 x x

Strategies for improving wetland-based livelihoods 30 XTrade-off analysis tools 30 x x

Methodologies for assessing water productivity in fisheries 35 X X XStrategies for management of reservoir fisheries 34 35 36 46 X X XMethodologies for integrating fish and crop production 35 10 X X X

Integrated basin water management systems ThemeLivestock and environmental decision support systems 37 10 30 12 XWater allocation and management negotiation tools 50 25 XReservoir planning and management tools, incl. fisheries 36 46 X X X X X

Strategies to reduce health risks associated with urban agriculture 38 51 XTechnologies and management practices for optimal water allocation 30 8 12 20 46 X X X

Institutional arrangements enhancing basin level water productivity 23 47 10 8 12 25 46 X X X X XInstitutional models for basin level natural resources governance 17 40 47 50 42 X X X X X

The global and national food and water system ThemeProduction input and output pricing policies 1 5 X X X X X XEnvironment, water and agricultural policies that enhance water productivity 35 37 52 20 X X X

Investment opportunities in informal irrigation 38 X XOption for investments in inter-basin water transfers 48 X

Options for enhancing transboundary water governance 17 40 47 50 42 X X X X XOptions for transboundary cooperation 50 x

Adaption strategiest to global change 53 x x xPolicy analysis tool for adapting to global change 53 x x

Policy, institution and governance

Examining water and poverty in upper catchments

Innovative technologies and management strategies

Globalization, trade and macroeconomic and sectoral policies

Valuation of ecosystem goods and servcies,

Transboundary water policy and institutions

incentives, investment and financing

Adapting to changes in the global water cycle

Improving water productivity of aquatic ecosystems

Integrated decision support tools and information

Effective policies and institutional mechanisms

Policies and institutions

Identifying the basis for increasing the provision of adequate water

Enabling change

Generating knowledge

Oth

er

Plant breeding for water-efficient and stress-tolerant crops

Water-saving farm practices

Need-based water supply

Yello

w

Indo

-Gan

g

Kar

kheh

Lim

popo

Nile

Sao

Fran

Contributing projects

Volta

Mek

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