CREW GUNNERY EVALUATION 2. Bradley Crew Evaluator Scope 6 Evaluators need clear standards to measure the crew's proficiency in Bradley gunnery. Chapter

CREW GUNNERY EVALUATION

2

Bradley Crew Evaluator

Scope

6

Evaluators need clear standards to measure the crew's proficiency in Bradley gunnery. Chapter 3, FM 25-101 requires leaders to evaluate collective training in the TPU format, so this section follows that doctrine. The evaluator observes each crew's teamwork, specifically in the areas of coordination, weapons system proficiency, and marksmanship. He evaluates the crew as "T" (trained), "P" (practice needed), or "U" (untrained), based on the GOs and NO GOs they receive.

TERMINAL OBJECTIVE

ACTION: Learn how to properly evaluate and time a BFV crew in device and crew-live fire gunnery.

CONDITIONS: In a classroom environment, given a writing instrument, and a 20 question test.

STANDARDS: Within 60 minutes the student must answer all questions receiving a minimum score of 80% to receive a passing score.

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Safety: none/ fire instructions.

Risk assessment: low

Environmental: trash

Evaluation: Within 60 minutes the student must answer all the questions receiving a minimum of a 80% to receive a passing score.

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Enabling Learning Objective 1

ACTION: List and define the engagement evaluation criteria for crew gunnery.

CONDITIONS: In a classroom environment given a writing instrument, note paper, and FM 3-22.1.

STANDARDS: The student must gain the knowledge so that he can list the and define the engagement and evaluation criteria IAW FM 3- 22.1, page 8-2.

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ENGAGEMENT EVALUATION CRITERIA

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T GO On all task standards

On all critical subtask standards

On all leader subtask standards

NO GO No more than one NO GO on a noncritical subtask standard.

P GO On all task standards

On all critical subtask standards

NO GO On one or more leader subtask standards

OR

On two or more noncritical subtask standards.

U NO GO On one or more task standards

OR

On one or more critical subtask standards.

Draft Table 8-1. Criteria for evaluating crew gunnery engagements.


ACTION: List and define the task standard.

CONDITIONS: In a classroom environment given a writing instrument, note paper, and FM3-22.1.

STANDARDS: The student must gain the knowledge so that he can list the and define the task standard.

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TASK STANDARDS

•Kill Targets IAW Target Kill Standards Chart

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KILL STANDARDS CHART

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TARGET TARGET TYPE STANDARDS

TOW Target Any Hit with at least 1 round

25-mm Point TargetVehicle Hit with at least 3 rounds

ATGM Hit with at least 1 round

25-mm Aerial Target Any Hit with at least 5 rounds

25-mm Area Target Any Suppress 75% of target area

Coax Point TargetTroop Hit 1 target with 1 round

Truck Hit with at least 3 rounds

Coax Area Target Troop Hit 1 troop target with 1 round

Stinger Target Any Hit with at least 1 round

Draft Table 8-2. Target-kill-standards chart.

TASK STANDARDS


•Kill Targets IAW Target Ammunition

Requirements

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TARGET AMMUNITION REQUIREMENTS

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TARGETS

DESIGNATED AMMUNITION ANDMAXIMUM EFFECTIVE RANGE (METERS)

STINGER TOW AP HE COAX

Armored 3,750

Light-Armored

2,500 2,500

Unarmored 901 to 2,500 901 to 3,000 900

Aerial 5,000 1,201 to 2,500 1,200

Troops 901 to 3,000 900

Draft Table 8-3. Target ammunition requirements.

TASK STANDARDS


•Kill Targets IAW Target Ammunition Requirements

•Kill Targets IAW BFV Exposure Timing Matrixes

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ACTION: List the number of hits required to receive a kill for each target.


STANDARDS: The student must gain the knowledge so that he can list the number of hits required to receive a kill for each given target IAW FM 3-22.1

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KILL STANDARDS CHARTPg.8-2

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TARGET TARGET TYPE STANDARDS

TOW Target Any Hit with at least 1 round

25-mm Point TargetVehicle Hit with at least 3 rounds

ATGM Hit with at least 1 round

25-mm Aerial Target Any Hit with at least 5 rounds

25-mm Area Target Any Suppress 75% of target area

Coax Point TargetTroop Hit 1 target with 1 round

Truck Hit with at least 3 rounds

Coax Area Target Troop Hit 1 troop target with 1 round

Stinger Target Any Hit with at least 1 round

Draft Table 8-2. Target-kill-standards chart.


ACTION: List and define the conditions that effect threat based times.


STANDARDS: In a classroom environment given a writing instrument, note paper, and FM3-22.1.

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MATRIX CONDITIONSPg.8-3

•NBC Environment

•Moving BFV

•Moving Threat Target

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MATRIX CONDITIONS EXAMPLE

One BMP moving, engaging a moving BFV, under NBC conditions

The three conditions listed above cause a threat target to take more time placing the “Killing Burst” on a BFV. Thus, the BFV crew has more time to place their own “Killing Burst” on the threat target.

NOTE: Crews do not receive more time to engage threat targets with the Auxiliary sight or in the manual mode because these conditions do not affect the threat’s ability to engage YOU.

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ACTION: List the four BFV exposure timing matrixes.


STANDARDS: The student must gain the knowledge so that he can identify the four BFV exposure timing matrixes.

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EXPOSURE TIMING MATRIXES

Pg. 8-3

To determine the allowable exposure time to a given target, the BCE must know the following.

• Target Category

• Number of Target Conditions

• Target Range

BFV EXPOSURE TIMING MATRIXES

• Armored

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BFVEXPOSURE MATRIX‑‑ARMORED TARGETS

RANGE(Meters)

DEFENSE(Seconds)

RANGE(Meters)

DEFENSE(Seconds)

500 24 2,200 32

600 24 2,300 32

700 24 2,400 33

800 25 2,500 33

900 25 2,600 34

1,000 25 2,700 34

Draft Table 8-4.

BFV exposure matrix for armored targets


• Armored

• Light-Armored / Unarmored

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BFVEXPOSURE MATRIX

LIGHTLY ARMORED AND UNARMORED TARGETS

RANGE(Meters)

NORMAL(Seconds)

+ ONECONDITION

(Seconds)

+ TWOCONDITIONS

(Seconds)

+ THREECONDITIONS

(Seconds)

400 11 12 16 17

500 12 13 17 18

600 13 14 18 19

700 14 15 19 20

800 14 17 20 21

900 15 18 21 22

1,000 16 19 22 24

1,100 17 20 23 25


• Armored


• Aerial/ Linebacker Aerial

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BFVEXPOSURE MATRIX‑‑AERIAL TARGETS

RANGE(Meters)

NORMAL(Seconds)

+ ONECONDITION

(Seconds)

+ TWOCONDITIONS

(Seconds)

+ THREECONDITIONS

(Seconds)

400 9 10 12 16

500 10 11 12 16

600 10 11 13 17

700 10 11 13 17

800 10 11 13 18

900 10 12 14 18

1,000 11 12 14 19

1,200 11 13 15 19

1,300 11 13 15 20

LinebackerEXPOSURE MATRIX‑‑AERIAL TARGETS

ROTARY-WING FIXED-WING

Range Time Range Time

1,000 M 20 seconds 2,000 M 30 seconds





NOTE: Use this table only with RPVTS.

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• Armored


• Aerial/ Linebacker Aerial

• Dismounted Troop

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BFVEXPOSURE MATRIX

DISMOUNTED TROOP TARGETS

RANGE(Meters)

NORMAL(Seconds)

+ ONECONDITION

(Seconds)

+ TWOCONDITIONS

(Seconds)

300 8 10 13

400 9 10 14

500 9 11 14

600 9 11 15

700 10 12 16

800 10 12 16

Draft Table 8-7 BFV exposure matrix for dismounted troop targets

BFV EXPOSURE / MATRIX CONDITIONS EXAMPLE

A crew occupying a stationary firing position, engages a moving BMP at 1200 meters. It is night, and the crew is firing in a chemically contaminated area.

Moving BMP = 1 ConditionNBC environment = 1 Condition

The BCE will use the BFV exposure to light armored / unarmored target matrix (BMP), move down the left hand column until he finds 1200 meters, and then move to the right until 1200 meters intersects with 2 conditions (moving BMP / NBC environment). The crew can be exposed to the BMP no longer than 24 seconds.

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ACTION: Explain offensive/ retrograde timing procedures.

CONDITIONS: In a classroom environment given a writing instrument, note paper, and FM3-22-1.

STANDARDS: The student must gain the knowledge so that he can explain offensive/retrograde timing procedures.

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TIMING PROCEDURES

Exposure time is the time the firing vehicle is exposed to any threat target(s).

Timing procedures differ based on BFV posture.

• Offensive / Retrograde timing procedures

• Defensive timing procedures - Reset timing

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OFFENSIVE TIMING PROCEDURES

TIME STARTS: When the target or simultaneous targets are fully exposed (Target Lock) or the first round is fired (whichever occurs first).

TIME STOPS: For each target in an engagement when the target is killed or that individual target’s exposure time has expired.

TIME RESTARTS: Time restarts when the local air defense warning “DYNAMITE” “ “ sounds (aerial engagements only).

TIME STOPS AGAIN: Time stops when the launcher superelevates again.(stinger engagements only)

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OFFENSIVE TIMING PROCEDURES

EXAMPLE

Example: A BFV in the offense engages a stationary BMP at 1400 meters and an RPG team at 400 meters. The BFV has 23 seconds to engage and destroy the BMP (one condition). The BFV engages and destroys the BMP in 15 seconds and then shifts onto the RPG team, However, the range computer at 10 seconds dropped the RPG team target. Because the crew failed to destroy the RPG team, they are a NO-GO IAW the Crew Gunnery Task Standards.

Rationale: Although the crew engaged and destroyed the BMP well within the time allocated, they were considered “Hit” by the RPG team. The crew exceeded the RPG team’s threat time to hit (BFV exposure to dismounted troops timing matrix) of 10seconds. When the BFV engages multiple targets, it is exposed to both, thus BFV exposure time begins for both targets. 33


ACTION: Explain defensive timing procedures.


STANDARDS: The student must gain the knowledge so that he can list and explain the defensive timing procedures IAW FM3-22 .1

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DEFENSIVE TIMING PROCEDURES

TIME STARTS WHEN ONE OF THE FOLLOWING OCCURS:

• A crew fires the first round.

• All targets are fully exposed (target lock) and the firing vehicle is stopped in a hull defilade position.

TIME STOPS FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL TARGET DURING AN ENGAGEMENT IF ONE OF THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS OCCURS:

• During or after an engagement, the firing vehicle BEGINS to move back into a turret-defilade position

• The target is killed.

• Target Exposure time has expired.

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Coax Area Engagements. In a defensive engagement, the firing BFV starts in the turret defilade, then moves into hull defilade to engage coax area targets.

(1) Time Stops. For coax area engagements, time stops when one IRETS target is killed. The crew suppresses the target area ("Z" pattern) until they kill one target.

(2) Time Resets. Time resets before the firing vehicle returns to the hull-defilade position.

Linebacker or Bradley Stinger Fighting Vehicle. Linebacker or BSFV may engage aerial targets from the turret-defilade position. Linebacker crews use slew-to-cue function on aerial engagements.

(1) Time Starts. Time starts when the local air-defense warning "DYNAMITE-DYNAMITE" sounds (aerial engagements only).

(2) Time Stops Again. Time stops when the launcher superelevates (Stinger engagement only).

DEFENSIVE TIMING PROCEDURES (cont.)

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ACTION: Explain time reset procedures.


STANDARDS: In a classroom environment given a writing instrument, note paper, and FM3-22.1.

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TIME RESET

• Used in defensive engagements only

• BFV exposure time is “Reset” before the BFV returns to a hull defilade position.

• Time reset does NOT reset target exposure time.

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TIME RESET TIMING PROCEDURES

EXAMPLE

Example: A BFV in the defense engages a moving BMP at 1200 meters. The BFV has 21 seconds to engage and destroy the BMP (one condition). The BFV moves from a turret defilade position to a hull defilade position (BFV exposure time starts). The BFV engages but fails to destroy the BMP and remained exposed for 20 seconds. The BFV returns to a turret defilade position, then back into a hull defilade position and engages and destroys the BMP in 6 seconds. The crew receives a GO IAW the Crew Gunnery Task Standards.

Rationale: ?

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TIME RESET TIMING PROCEDURES

EXAMPLE

Example: A BFV in the defense engages a moving BMP at 1200 meters. The BFV has 21 seconds to engage and destroy the BMP (one condition). The BFV moves from a turret defilade position to a hull defilade position (BFV exposure time starts). The BFV engages but fails to destroy the BMP and remained exposed for 20 seconds. The BFV returns to a turret defilade position, then back into a hull defilade position and engages and destroys the BMP in 6 seconds. The crew receives a GO IAW the Crew Gunnery Task Standards.

Rationale: The crew engaged and failed to destroy the BMP. They moved back into a turret defilade position and then returned to a hull defilade position. BFV exposure time is reset, and the crew is given another 21 seconds to engage and destroy the BMP.

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ACTION: List the critical subtask standards.


STANDARDS: The student must gain the knowledge so that he can explain the critical subtask standards.

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CRITICAL SUBTASK STANDARDS

Critical subtask standards evaluate the crew’s ability to engage targets in less than normal operating conditions.

These tasks are so critical that failure to perform them to standard would cause the crew to fail in combat.

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CRITICAL SUBTASKS

• Engage Targets with Auxiliary Sight

• Engage Targets in an NBC Environment

• Engage Targets Using Manual Controls

• Engage Targets Using Commander’s Handstation

• Does Not Engage Friendly Targets

• Stinger Subsystem (Linebacker only)

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ACTION: List the leader subtask standards.


STANDARDS: The student must gain the knowledge so that he can explain the leader subtask standard.

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LEADER SUBTASK STANDARDS

Leader subtask standards evaluate the Bradley Commander’s ability to control the crew, vehicle, and weapon systems. Although these subtask standards will not cause the vehicle crew to fail, it will affect crew efficiency.

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LEADER TASKS

•Bradley Commander uses proper fire commands for each engagement:•Commander ensures the most dangerous target is engaged before the least dangerous.•Commander ensures the proper ammunition and weapon system for the target(s) are selected IAW Table 8-2 and unit engagement criteria.

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•Commander ensures the vehicle moves at least one vehicle length when going from a turret-defilade to a hull-defilade position and when returning.

•Commander ensures gunner does not fire before receiving the command of “FIRE”.

•Digital Systems the crew uses the digital system for the linebacker, ODS w/appliqué and A3 w/ IC3.

LEADER TASKSCont.


ACTION: List the non-critical subtask standards.


STANDARDS: The student must gain the knowledge so that he can explain the non-critical subtask standards.

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NONCRITICAL SUBTASK STANDARDS

Non-critical subtasks apply to the techniques and procedures crews

should use for successful engagements.

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NONCRITICAL SUBTASKS

•Commander or gunner must use proper response terms in support of the leader subtask standards.

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•Gunner confirms target by announcing “Identified”.

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•Commander or gunner announces “Cannot identify” when he cannot identify the target.

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•Gunner announces “Cannot engage” when he is inhibited from firing.

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•Gunner announces “Cannot engage” when he is inhibited from firing.

•Commander or gunner notifies the crew by announcing “On the way” before he fires a weapon system.

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NONCRITICAL SUBTASKS (cont.)

•Commander or gunner must use proper engagement techniques in accordance with Chapter 6.

•Commander or gunner fires a sensing round, two if the ammunition has changed, then fires 3 to 5 round burst (25mm point targets)

•Commander or gunner fires a sensing round, two if the ammunition has changed, then fires an effective Z-pattern (25mm area targets)

•Commander or gunner fires a 10 to 15 round initial burst, then fires additional 10 to 15 round burst(s) at point targets (coax).

•Commander or gunner fires a 10 to 15 round initial burst at center mass of a coax area target, then uses an effective Z-pattern using 10-15 round bursts to suppress the remainder of the target area.

•Commander or gunner fires a 15 to 20 round burst (25mm) on high rate at aerial target(s) while adjusting on target.

•Except when using the AUX sight, or when the BELRF is not operational the Bradley A3 commander or gunner will fire using no sensing round

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•Driver uses proper driving techniques..

•Returns to the hull defilade position after a defensive engagement.

•Maintains a steady platform while in an offensive / retrograde engagement.

•Stays on course roads as briefed in the range safety briefing.

•Does not cause damage to the Bradley.

•Does not exceed the established range speed limits.

•Driver avoids stalling vehicle.

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•Crew uses proper defensive techniques.

•Gunner raises the TOW launcher(SVML for the linebacker) before the first engagement in the defensive position.

•Gunner lowers the TOW launcher (SVML for the linebacker) before movement from the defensive position. (This standard applies to the last defensive engagement in that

position.)

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•Suppression Techniques

• Commander or gunner uses an effective suppression ("Z" pattern) technique to achieve suppression for coax area troops.

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Enabling Learning Objective 12-17

ACTION: List the action, conditions and standards for BT I through BT VIII.


STANDARDS: The student must gain the knowledge so that he can list the action,conditions and standards for BT I through BT VIII.

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BT - ICREW DEFENSE

ACTION: Engage and destroy stationary and moving targets from a defensive position during the day and night.

CONDITION: Given a MILES /PGS equipped Bradley in a defensive position, suitable engagement area with LTID/RETRO equipped targets, during day and night.

STANDARD: during the day the crew must achieve a minimum of a “P” rating on 7 of 10 engagements with 1 of the 7 being an NBC engagement.

during the night the crew must achieve a minimum of a “P” rating on 7 of 10 engagements with 1 of the 7 being an NBC engagement.

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BT - IIBRADLEY CREW PROFICIENCY COURSE

ACTION: Engage and destroy stationary and moving targets from a stationary Bradley during the day and night.

CONDITION: Given a MILES /PGS equipped Bradley in a defensive position, suitable maneuver and engagement area with LTID/RETRO equipped targets, during day and night.

STANDARD: The crew must achieve a minimum of a “P” rating on 9 of 12 engagements with 1 of the 9 being a TOW engagement 1 of the nine being a NBC engagement and 2 of the 9 being night engagements.

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BT - VCREW PRACTICE 1

ACTION: Engage and destroy stationary and moving targets from a stationary and moving Bradley during the day and night.

CONDITION: Given a Bradley, using the coax machine gun with single shot adapter as a sub-caliber device, authorized allocation of ammunition, suitable live fire range with targets, during day and night.

STANDARD: The crew must achieve a minimum of a “P” rating on 7 of 10 engagements with 1 of the 7 being an NBC engagement and 2 of the 7 being night engagements.

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BT - VICREW PRACTICE 2


CONDITION: Given a Bradley, authorized allocation of ammunition, suitable live fire range with targets, during day and night.

STANDARD: The crew must achieve a minimum of a “P” rating on 5 of 7 engagements (6 of 8 for A3) with 1 of the 5 (6) being an NBC engagement and 1 of the 5 (6) being night engagements.

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BT - VIICREW PRACTICE 3



STANDARD: The crew must achieve a minimum of a “P” rating on 6 of 8 engagements with 1 of the 6 being an NBC engagement and 2 of the 6 being night engagements.

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BT - VIIICREW QUALIFICATION



STANDARD: The crew must achieve a Distinguished, Superior, or Qualified rating based on the criteria shown in Draft Table 8-10.

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BT - VIIICREW QUALIFICATION (cont.)

Crew scores "T" on at least nine out of ten engagements.

• Crew earns no more than one "P" score.

• Crew receives no "U" scores.

Distinguished

Crew scores "T" on at least eight out of ten engagements.

• One of the eight must be an NBC engagement.

• Two of the eight must be night engagements.

Superior

Crew scores either "T" or "P" on seven of ten engagements.

• One of the seven must be an NBC engagement.

• Two of the seven must be night engagements.

Qualified

Crew scores meet any one or more of the following conditions:

• "U" on four or more engagements of any kind

• "U" on both NBC engagements

• "T" or "P" on one night engagement.

Unqualified


ACTION: List the criteria for a crew to re-fire.


STANDARDS: The student must gain the knowledge so that he can list the criteria for a crew to re-fire.

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1. A crew will re-fire only engagements in which they received a “U” rating.

2. A crew will only re-fire the number of engagements required to obtain a qualified rating.

3. If a crew re-fires a failed engagement before it fires all of the engagements in BT VIII, it receives a "Re-fire Qualification."

RE-FIRES

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ACTION: List the conditions that warrant an alibi.


STANDARDS: The student must gain the knowledge so that he can list the conditions that warrant an alibi.

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ALIBIS

Battalion and Squadron commanders are the deciding authority on alibis. Alibis are only given

for the following conditions.

1. Range equipment failures

2. Vehicle equipment fails but not due to crew error.

3. Unsafe conditions occur but not due to crew error.

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CREW SCORESHEET

Evaluators use DA Form 7354-R to record the results of gunnery engagements. When annotating results on these forms, evaluators must print all entries accurately and legibly. The instructions for completing the score sheet are on the reverse side. Figure 8-1 shows an example completed score sheet. The evaluator may copy the blank, reproducible form from the back of this manual onto 8 1/2 by 11-inch paper. He may also download it from www.usapa.army.mil or copy it from the Army Electronic Library (AEL) CD-ROM (EM0001). The back of the form explains how to complete it.

DA Form 7354-R

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BRADLEY CREW EVALUATOR

The BCE assesses Bradley crew duties for device and crew gunnery (Chapter 6, Section V). He also enforces safety requirements, instructs nonqualification exercises, and evaluates qualification exercises. Finally, he evaluates and rates the crew and conducts an AAR.

a. Prerequisites. A soldier must have at least a rank of sergeant (E5) with an MOS of 11B, 12B, 13F, 14R, or 19D, and must have prior gunnery experience on the specific subject he will evaluate before he attends a BCE certification course.

b. Responsibilities. Master gunners are gunnery subject matter experts. They develop and conduct BCE training.

(1) Division master gunners (enhanced and separate brigade master gunners) are responsible for monitoring the BCE training program and developing certification examinations.

(2) Battalion master gunners are responsible for executing the BCE training program.

CERTIFICATION

Certification is initial training for BCEs. BCEs must certify within 90 days of any live-fire exercise (120 days for RC). Certification consists of--

a. A 40-hour BCE training program.

b. Passing a written examination with at least 40 questions. The soldier must achieve a 90 percent score to pass. The certification examination must include at least two questions in each of the following areas:

(1) Range safety (AR 385-63 and local range SOPs).

(2) Fire commands (Chapter 6, Section IV).

(3) Engagement procedures (Chapter 6).

(4) Offensive BFV-timing procedures (Section I).

(5) Defensive BFV-timing procedures (Section I).

(6) Multiple target-timing procedures (Section I).

(7) BFV exposure-timing matrixes (Section I).

(8) Scoring procedures for multiple-target engagements (Section I).

(9) After-action review procedures (Section III).

(10) Refires and alibis (Section I).73

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(11) Score sheets.

(12) Threat-based, target-exposure-timing matrixes (Section V).

(13) For M2A3 and M3A3 ODS appliqué units, BCEs must be FBCB2 qualified.

c. A hands-on evaluation requires BCEs to evaluate a crew firing 10 engagements using a videotape or COFT. The BCEs must also conduct an AAR in accordance with Section III.

(1) During a COFT session, BCEs use the briefing monitor to evaluate the firing crew. This does not interfere with the COFT I/O or scheduled COFT training.

(2) BCEs use the same clocks and score sheets that they used during live-fire gunnery for the evaluation.

RECERTIFICATION

Recertification is refresher training for BCEs. Recertification consists of the certification examination and the hands-on evaluation. BCEs must recertify within the 90 days before a live-fire exercise (120 days for RC).

NOTE: The division master gunner develops the exam to certify or recertify BCEs.

CERTIFICATION (cont.)

CERTIFICATION (cont.)

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SUSTAINMENT

Sustainment training ensures the BCE knows evaluation procedures. It ensures that the commander can find consistent, effective crew evaluators year-round. The BCE must evaluate four exercises a month, in the COFT, using the same type of clocks or timing boards and score sheets used in device and crew gunnery.

SUMMARY / CHECK ON LEARNING

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TERMINAL OBJECTIVE

ACTION: Learn how to properly evaluate and time a BFV crew in device and crew-live fire gunnery.

CONDITIONS: In a classroom environment, given a writing instrument, and a 20 question test.

STANDARDS: Within 60 minutes the student must answer all questions receiving a minimum score of 80% to receive a passing score.

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CREW GUNNERY EVALUATION

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Documents

CREW GUNNERY EVALUATION 2. Bradley Crew Evaluator Scope 6 Evaluators need clear standards to measure the crew's proficiency in Bradley gunnery. Chapter