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Criminal Justice System
Crime and Justice in America
OVERVIEW OF CJ RESPONSE TO
CRIME
50,000 Agencies Federal
State
Local
Police
Courts
Corrections
1-6: Time Expended by Criminal Justice Functions
CJ Response begins when…..
...crime is
reported to the police
Crime
Crime
Investigation
Investigation
Investigation
Arrest
Arrest
BOOKING
Formal Charges
Formal Charges
Initial Appearance in Court
Preliminary Hearing (felony)
Preliminary Hearing (felony)
Preliminary Hearing (felony)
Grand Jury Indictment
Formal Arraignment
Case # 98001
Plea Bargaining
Plea Bargaining
Trial
Trial
Trial
SENTENCING
SENTENCING
Possible Appeals
5 Types of Punishment
Fines
ProbationProbation
Intermediate Sanctions
Imprisonment
Death
Loose confederation of
independent criminal justice
agencies
Criminal Justice Nonsystem
Costs of Criminal Justice in the United States
Criminal Justice expenditures represent only about...
4 per cent of Federal, state and local budgets
4 per cent of Federal, state and local budgets
4 per cent of Federal, state and local budgets
MENUCrime in the MediaInstitutions of Social ControlCJ Response to Crime
Pre-trial CJ Process
Myths about CJ
Simulations
The seizing and detaining of a
person by lawful authority
The taking of a person into custody for the purposes of answering a criminal charge
A written order from a court directing …...
Arrest Warrant
Law enforcement
officers to arrest a person
The process by which a suspect’s name, charge, fingerprints, photographs are entered into the police blotter
Booking
Usually the violation of a law of a city or town
Ordinance Violation
MisdemeanorA less serious crime generally punishable by a fine or by incarceration for not more than one year (jail)
Felony
A serious crime punishable by death or by incarceration in for more than one year (prison)
A person against whom a legal action is brought, a warrant is issued, or an indictment is found
Defendant
Charging Documents
Complaint (Misd)
Information (Felony)
Grand Jury Indictment
Charging Documents
Whether an Information or an Indictment is issued varies by state
ComplaintA charging document specifying that an offense has been committed…
Complaintby a person named or described
A document that outlines
the formal charges against a suspect...
Information
A document that outlines
the formal charges against a suspect...
Information
Specifies the law that has been violated, and the evidence supporting the charges
Information
A written accusation by a grand jury that one or more persons have committed a crime
Grand Jury Indictment
A group of citizens who meet to investigate charges coming from preliminary hearings
Grand Jury
Court Appearances
Initial appearance
Preliminary hearing
A pretrial stage in which a defendant is brought before a lower court….
Initial Appearance
To be given notice of the charge(s)
Initial Appearance
and is advised of his/her constitutional rights
A pretrial stage to hear the
information or indictment and to allow a plea
Arraignment
Usually, a monetary guarantee deposited with the court...
Bail
to ensure the suspect / defendant will appear later in the CJ process
Bail
to ensure the suspect / defendant will appear later in the CJ process
Bail
Plea BargainingThe practice whereby a specific guilty sentence is to be imposed, if...
the accused pleads guilty to an agreed-upon charge(s) rather than going to trial
Plea Bargaining
1-3: Criminal Case Dispositions
Jury Trial
Bench Trial
Types of Trials
A trial before a judge without a jury
Bench Trial
A trial before a judge with a jury
Jury Trial
MENUCrime in the MediaInstitutions of Social ControlCJ Response to Crime
Pre-trial CJ Process
Myths about CJ
Myths about Crime and
Criminal Justice
• Myths are simplistic and distorted beliefs
• Myths often are beliefs based on emotion rather than analysis
• Myths are often based on dangerous falsificationsi.e “Broad Daylight”“Gun Free Zones”Police -“Stop Crime” “Prison Changes Behavior”
Myths produce
Why Myths are a Problem
Ineffective crime fighting activity
Myths produce
Why Myths are a Problem
Ineffective application of
resources
