CRM for Mobile Service Provider

8/13/2019 CRM for Mobile Service Provider

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Customer

Relationship

Management(CRM)

for Mobile ServiceProvider Operator


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1. Abstract

2. Contents

o Introduction

Purpose

Scope

Overview

o Software Requirement Specification

Software Requirements

Hardware Requirements

o System Anaysis

!"istin# System

$imitations in !"istin# System

Proposed System

Probem %efinition

Advanta#es over !"istin# System

&easibiity Study

!conomic &easibiity

Operationa &easibiity

'ec(nica &easibiity

System %esi#n

Arc(itecture %ia#ram

Aut(entication

&unctiona %escription

&unctions

)aintenance

&unctiona %escription

&unctions


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! * R %ia#rams

+)$ %ia#rams

Activity %ia#ram

Cass %ia#ram

+se*case %ia#ram

Sequence %ia#ram

Component %ia#ram

%epoyment %ia#ram

%ata %ictionary

Codin# , Impementation

o 'ec(noo#ies +sed

H')$ , -avaScript /)$

-ava 'ec(noo#y

%atabase 'oo 0 S$

ebserver 0 Appication Server

'estin#

o )et(odoo#ies

o 'est Cases

Snaps(ots

Reports

+ser 3roups

Scope for &uture !n(ancements

Pro4ect Summary

5ibio#rap(y


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Abstract

'(is pro4ect is aimed to automate t(e operations of )obie Service Providers.

Customers0Company representatives o##in# in may aso access0searc( any

information of mobie reated services.

'(is ambitious service uses state*of*t(e*art tec(noo#y to attain #oba

e"ceence and eaders(ip in business. Our entry into t(is sector (as brou#(t

mobie service at an affordabe cost to t(e common man. A servin# a sin#e

ob4ective to provide better communication to miions across India.

'(is Customer service eads to (ave a #ood response for services and it can

ma6e users enro as customers wit(in mont(s of aunc( t(is service.


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Introduction


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Purpose

'(e system is an onine appication t(at can be accessed t(rou#(out t(e

or#ani7ation and outside customers as we wit( proper o#in provided w(ic(

wi #ive better service to t(e customers.

Scope

'(e scope of t(e )obie Service Provider and Operation Porta is as foows8

'(is system can be used as an appication for t(e )obie Service Providers of t(e

)obie Company to mana#e t(e product information. Customer o##in# s(oud

be abe to upoad t(e information of t(e any required mobie.

Overview

Overa description consists of bac6#round of t(e entire specific requirement. It

aso #ives e"panation about actor and function w(ic( is used. It #ives

e"panation about arc(itecture dia#ram and it aso #ives w(at we are assumed

and dependencies. It aso support specific requirement and aso it support

functiona requirement suppementary requirement ot(er t(an actor w(ic( is

used. It aso #ives inde" and appendices. It aso #ives e"panation about any

doubt and queries.


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Software Reuirement

Specification


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Software Reuirements

Operatin# System 8 +buntu $inu".

%esi#nin# $an#ua#es 8 H')$ CSS.

Scriptin# $an#ua#es 8 -avaScript A-A/.

Pro#rammin# $an#ua#e 8 -ava 9-S!:;.

'ec(noo#ies0&ramewor6s 8 -!!

, Sprin#?.

I%! 8 !cipse @eper.

%atabase 8 )yS$ .

Server 8 Apac(e 'omcat :.

!ardware Reuirements

Processor 8 i? Core.

Hard %is6 8 BB35.

RA) 8 >35.


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S"stem Anal"sis


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#$isting S"stem

'(e !"istin# system is a computeri7ed system contains a t(e detais of t(e

mobie services providers are maintained in t(e individua databases. If

customer wants t(e information t(ey must 6eep a request to t(e admin

aut(ority and #et t(e information. It=s a time deay process. And maintainin# a

t(e records in !"ce s(eets and parado" cipper. If t(ey want any record t(ey

(ave to searc( a t(e records. '(e w(oe process is now manuay controed.

'(is requires maintainin# t(e records of t(e queries comin# from t(e corporate

in t(e paper.

%imitations in #$isting S"stem

)aintainin# t(e data in e"ce s(eets and fies is very (ard to remember t(e fie

names in w(ic( t(e required data is feed. o easy access to t(e required

queries. %ata redundancy inconsistency ot of (uman wor6 need to be done in

order anay7e t(e detais present in t(e e"ce s(eets. It eads to wasta#e of

time.

Proposed S"stem

'(e Proposed system is a browser w(ic( is competey reated to internet

browsin#. '(e web enabed information mana#ement system desi#ned to

automate t(e entire operations of a modern tec(noo#y. )obie Service Provider

and Operationa Porta aow muti*divisiona muti*department system (andin#

t(at incudes various Services.

Services8ews , +pdates

Ca )ana#ement Services

Astroo#y

!ntertainment

Sports

'rave


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Advantages over #$isting S"stem

1. '(is system provides a Common +ser Interface for t(e system to o# on

to t(e system.

2. Here t(e user interface is 3rap(ica +ser Interface.

?. '(is appication is a eb based Appication.

>. 5ein# a web based appication it doesn=t require any cient side

instaation.

. Any number of users can interact wit( t(e system simutaneousy.


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&easibilit" Stud"

#conomic &easibilit"

!conomic feasibiity attempts 2 wei#( t(e costs of deveopin# and impementin#

a new system a#ainst t(e benefits t(at woud accrue from (avin# t(e new

system in pace. '(is feasibiity study #ives t(e top mana#ement t(e economic

4ustification for t(e new system.

A simpe economic anaysis w(ic( #ives t(e actua comparison of costs and

benefits are muc( more meanin#fu in t(is case. In addition t(is proves to be a

usefu point of reference to compare actua costs as t(e pro4ect pro#resses.'(ere coud be various types of intan#ibe benefits on account of automation.

'(ese coud incude increased customer satisfaction improvement in product

quaity better decision ma6in# timeiness of information e"peditin# activities

improved accuracy of operations better documentation and record 6eepin#

faster retrieva of information better empoyee morae.

Operational &easibilit"

Proposed pro4ect is beneficia ony if it can be turned into information systems

t(at wi meet t(e or#ani7ations operatin# requirements. Simpy stated t(is test

of feasibiity as6s if t(e system wi wor6 w(en it is deveoped and instaed. Are

t(ere ma4or barriers to ImpementationD Here are questions t(at wi (ep test

t(e operationa feasibiity of a pro4ect8

Is t(ere sufficient support for t(e pro4ect from mana#ement from usersD If t(e

current system is we i6ed and used to t(e e"tent t(at persons wi not be abe

to see reasons for c(an#e t(ere may be resistance.

Are t(e current business met(ods acceptabe to t(e userD If t(ey are not +sers

may wecome a c(an#e t(at wi brin# about a more operationa and usefu

systems.

Have t(e user been invoved in t(e pannin# and deveopment of t(e pro4ectD


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!ary invovement reduces t(e c(ances of resistance to t(e system and in

#enera and increases t(e i6ei(ood of successfu pro4ect.

Since t(e proposed system was to (ep reduce t(e (ards(ips encountered. In

t(e e"istin# manua system t(e new system was considered to be operationa

feasibe.

'echnical &easibilit"

!vauatin# t(e tec(nica feasibiity is t(e tric6iest part of a feasibiity study. '(is

is because .at t(is point in time not too many detaied desi#n of t(e system

ma6in# it difficut to access issues i6e performance costs on 9on account of t(e

6ind of tec(noo#y to be depoyed; etc. A number of issues (ave to beconsidered w(ie doin# a tec(nica anaysis.

+nderstand t(e different tec(noo#ies invoved in t(e proposed system before

commencin# t(e pro4ect we (ave to be very cear about w(at are t(e

tec(noo#ies t(at are to be required for t(e deveopment of t(e new system.

&ind out w(et(er t(e or#ani7ation currenty possesses t(e required tec(noo#ies.

Is t(e required tec(noo#y avaiabe wit( t(e or#ani7ationD


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S"stem esign


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Architecture iagram


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Authentication

&unctional escription

a. $o#in to t(e system t(rou#( t(e first pa#e of t(e appication.

b. C(an#e t(e password after o#in to t(e appication.

c. See (is0(er detais and c(an#e it.

d. Hep from t(e system.

Maintenance

&unctional escription

'(e &oowin# &unctiona Components are supported by t(e system8

&unctions Provided by t(e System8

Products8

Prepaid8 '(e service t(at (eps you #ive words to every

feein# an e"pression to every emotion.

&eatures

Handset Offers

Services

'ariffsRoamin#

@now )ore

Postpaid8 It #ives you t(e unimited freedom to reac( out to

peope in your specia way.

)ont(y Pans

Services

ord Cain# Cards

Home Cain# Cards


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# R iagrams


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*M% iagrams

*+I&I# MO#%I+, %A+,*A,# IA,RAMS

'(e unified modein# an#ua#e aows t(e software en#ineer to e"press an

anaysis mode usin# t(e modein# notation t(at is #overned by a set of

syntactic semantic and pra#matic rues.

A +)$ system is represented usin# five different views t(at describe t(e system

from distincty different perspective. !ac( view is defined by a set of dia#ram

w(ic( is as foows.

+ser )ode Eiew

i. '(is view represents t(e system from t(e users perspective.

ii. '(e anaysis representation describes a usa#e scenario from

t(e end*users perspective.

Structura mode view

i. In t(is mode t(e data and functionaity are arrived from

inside t(e system.

ii. '(is mode view modes t(e static structures.

5e(aviora )ode Eiew

It represents t(e dynamic of be(aviora as parts of t(e system

depictin# t(e interactions of coection between various structura

eements described in t(e user mode and structura mode view.

Impementation )ode Eiew

In t(is t(e structura and be(aviora as parts of t(e system are

represented as t(ey are to be buit.

!nvironmenta )ode Eiew

In t(is t(e structura and be(aviora aspects of t(e environment in

w(ic( t(e system is to be impemented are represented.


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+)$ is specificay constructed t(rou#( two different domains t(ey are8

+)$ Anaysis modein# t(is focuses on t(e user mode and structura

mode views of t(e system.

+)$ desi#n modein# w(ic( focuses on t(e be(aviora modein#

impementation modein# and environmenta mode views.

+se case %ia#rams represent t(e functionaity of t(e system from a user=s point

of view. +se cases are used durin# requirements eicitation and anaysis to

represent t(e functionaity of t(e system. +se cases focus on t(e be(avior of t(e

system from e"terna point of view.

Actors are e"terna entities t(at interact wit( t(e system. !"ampes of actorsincude users i6e administrator ban6 customer Fetc. or anot(er system i6e

centra database.


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Class iagram

Cass dia#rams describe t(e structure of t(e system in terms of casses and

ob4ects. '(e servet api cass dia#ram wi be as foows.

JSP: Implicit Objects


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*secase iagram

Admin


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ealer


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Customer


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Seuence iagram


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Component iagram


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eplo"ment iagram


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ata ictionar"

Account Profile

ColumnName DataType Size ConstraintsLoginname Text !! N

"ccountNo Text !! p#

P$oneNo text !! N

Ser%iceName Text !! N

Ser%iceType Text !! N

-ill

ColumnName DataType Size Constraints

"ccountno text &' P(

)ont$lyC$arges text &! *(

CallC$arges text &' *(

+alue",,Ser%ices text &' N

Discount text &' N

TotalC$arges text N

*romDate Date-time N

ToDate Date-time N

-ill Plan


"ccountno Text ' *(

)ont$lyc$arges Text ' N

ToSamemobile Text ' N

ToOt$ermobile Text ' N

ToLan,Line Text ' N

.ene/its Text ' N


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Card Offer


Ser%iceType text !! N

Typeo/Car, text !! N

SmsO//er text !! N

LocalCost text !! N

St,Cost text !! N

Is,Cost text !! N

Compliant and Reuest


"ccountno text !! *(

0e/erenceNo Number &' N

Type text !! N

Category text !! N

Creation,ate text !! N

1xpecte,,ate text !! N

Status text !! N

%ogin Audit


logini, text !! P(

login,ate ,ate-time &! N

login2,esc text !! N


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%ogin etails


loginname text !! N

Pass3or, text !! N

/irstname text !! N

lastname text !! N

logintype text !! N

loginstatus text !! N

reg,ate ,ate-time !! N

s4uestioni, number N

sans3er text !! N

/irstlogin number N

passmo,i/ie,,ate ,ate-time N

%ogin Profile


logini, text !! P(

birt$,ate ,ate-time N

5ouseno text !! N

Street text !! N

city text !! N

state text !! Ncountry text !! N

Pinco,e text !! N

1mail text !! N

locale text !! N

pro/ilemo,i/ie,,ate ,ate-time N

Mobile +o.s


Ser%iceName text !! N


Simno text !! p#

Mobile Offers


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0ec$argeCar, text !! p#

+ali,ity text !! N

Incomming text !! N

.alance text !! N

SameSer%ice text !! N

ToSer%ice text !! N

Mobile 'raffic



0ec$argeCar, text !! p#

LocalCost text !! N

St,Cost text !! N

ISDCost text !! N

LocalSms text !! N

STDSms text !! N

InternationalSms text !! N

Pa"ment


"ccountno text !! *(

TypeO/Pai, text !! N

Dateo/Pay)ent Date-time N

"mountPai, Text !! N


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Post Paid Places


Ser%iceName text !! *(

Pai,Type text !! N

Storename text !! N

"rea text !! N

City text !! N

State text !! N

Country text !! N

Post Paid Rental Services



0entCost text !! P(

*reeTal#Time text !! N

*reeSms text !! N

Ot$er)obiles text !! N

Recharge Cards



0ec$argeCost text !! p#

Ser%ice*ee text !! N

Tal#Time text !! N

+ali,ity text !! N


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Roaming

ColumnNameDataType

Size Description

Constraints

Ser%iceType text!! *(

TypeO/0oaming text!! N

IncommingCalls Number N

LocalCalls text!! N

St,Calls text!! N

ISDCalls text!! N

S)SOut6oing text!! N

S)SIncomming text !! N

Services

ColumnNameDataType Size Constraints


Process& T17T !! N

Process text !! N

process8 text !! N

SMS




Ser%iceCar, text !! N

LocalSmscost text !! N

NationalSmsCost text !! N

Internationalcost text !! N

Store %ocation


Ser%iceName text !! P(


City text !! N


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"rea text !! N

StoreName text !! N

",,ress text !! N

Telep$oneno text !! N

9or#ing$rs text !! N


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Coding

/Implementation


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'echnologies *sed

!'M%H')$ an initiaism of Hyperte"t )ar6up $an#ua#e is t(e predominant mar6up

an#ua#e for web pa#es. It provides a means to describe t(e structure of te"t*

based information in a document G by denotin# certain te"t as (eadin#s

para#rap(s ists and so on G and to suppement t(at te"t wit( interactive

forms embedded ima#es and ot(er ob4ects. H')$ is written in t(e form of

abes 96nown as ta#s; surrounded by an#e brac6ets. H')$ can aso describe

to some de#ree t(e appearance and semantics of a document and can incude

embedded scriptin# an#ua#e code w(ic( can affect t(e be(avior of web

browsers and ot(er H')$ processors.

H')$ is aso often used to refer to content of t(e )I)! type te"t0(tm or even

more broady as a #eneric term for H')$ w(et(er in its /)$*descended form

9suc( as /H')$ 1.B and ater; or its form descended directy from S3)$

Hyper 'e"t )ar6up $an#ua#e

Hyperte"t )ar6up $an#ua#e 9H')$; t(e an#ua#es of t(e ord ide eb

9; aows users to produces eb pa#es t(at incude te"t #rap(ics and

pointer to ot(er eb pa#es 9Hyperin6s;.

H')$ is not a pro#rammin# an#ua#e but it is an appication of ISO Standard

: S3)$ 9Standard 3enerai7ed )ar6up $an#ua#e; but speciai7ed to

(yperte"t and adapted to t(e eb. '(e idea be(ind Hyperte"t is t(at instead of

readin# te"t in ri#id inear structure we can easiy 4ump from one point to

anot(er point. e can navi#ate t(rou#( t(e information based on our interest

and preference. A mar6up an#ua#e is simpy a series of eements eac(

deimited wit( specia c(aracters t(at define (ow te"t or ot(er items encosed

wit(in t(e eements s(oud be dispayed. Hyperin6s are underined or

emp(asi7ed wor6s t(at oad to ot(er documents or some portions of t(e same

document.

H')$ can be used to dispay any type of document on t(e (ost computer w(ic(

can be #eo#rap(icay at a different ocation. It is a versatie an#ua#e and can

be used on any patform or des6top.


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H')$ provides ta#s 9specia codes; to ma6e t(e document oo6 attractive. H')$

ta#s are not case*sensitive. +sin# #rap(ics fonts different si7es coor etc. can

en(ance t(e presentation of t(e document. Anyt(in# t(at is not a ta# is part of

t(e document itsef.

5asic H')$ 'a#s8

JK ** **L Specifies comments

JALFFF.J0AL Creates (yperte"t in6s

J5LFFF.J05L &ormats te"t as bod

J5I3LFFF.J05I3L &ormats te"t in ar#e font.

J5O%MLFJ05O%ML Contains a ta#s and te"t in t(e H')$ document

JC!'!RL...J0C!'!RL Creates te"t

J%%LFJ0%%L %efinition of a term

J%$L...J0%$L Creates definition ist

J&O'LFJ0&O'L &ormats te"t wit( a particuar font

J&OR)L...J0&OR)L !ncoses a fi*out form

J&RA)!L...J0&RA)!L %efines a particuar frame in a set of frames

JHNLFJ0HNL Creates (eadin#s of different eves9 1 < ;

JH!A%L...J0H!A%L Contains ta#s t(at specify information about a

document

JHRL...J0HRL Creates a (ori7onta rue

JH')$LFJ0H')$L Contains a ot(er H')$ ta#s

J)!'AL...J0)!'AL Provides meta*information about a document

JSCRIP'LFJ0SCRIP'L Contains cient*side or server*side script

J'A5$!LFJ0'A5$!L Creates a tabe

J'%LFJ0'%L Indicates tabe data in a tabe

J'RLFJ0'RL %esi#nates a tabe row

J'HLFJ0'HL Creates a (eadin# in a tabe

Attributes

'(e attributes of an eement are name*vaue pairs separated by Q and

written wit(in t(e start abe of an eement after t(e eements name. '(e vaue

s(oud be encosed in sin#e or doube quotes at(ou#( vaues consistin# of


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certain c(aracters can be eft unquoted in H')$ 9but not /H')$;.$eavin#

attribute vaues unquoted is considered unsafe.

)ost eements ta6e any of severa common attributes8 id cass stye and tite.

)ost aso ta6e an#ua#e*reated attributes8 an# and dir.

'(e id attribute provides a document*wide unique identifier for an eement. '(is

can be used by styes(eets to provide presentationa properties by browsers to

focus attention on t(e specific eement or by scripts to ater t(e contents or

presentation of an eement. '(e cass attribute provides a way of cassifyin#

simiar eements for presentation purposes. &or e"ampe an H')$ document 9or

a set of documents; may use t(e desi#nation cassQnotation to indicate t(at

a eements wit( t(is cass vaue are a subordinate to t(e main te"t of t(e

document 9or documents;. Suc( notation casses of eements mi#(t be #at(ered

to#et(er and presented as footnotes on a pa#e rat(er t(an appearin# in t(e

pace w(ere t(ey appear in t(e source H')$.

An aut(or may use t(e stye non*attributa codes presentationa properties to a

particuar eement. It is considered better practice to use an eement=s son* id

pa#e and seect t(e eement wit( a styes(eet t(ou#( sometimes t(is can be

too cumbersome for a simpe ad (oc appication of styed properties. '(e tite is

used to attac( subte"tua e"panation to an eement. In most browsers t(is tite

attribute is dispayed as w(at is often referred to as a tootip. '(e #eneric inine

span eement can be used to demonstrate t(ese various non*attributes.

'(e precedin# dispays as H')$ 9pointin# t(e cursor at t(e abbreviation s(oud

dispay t(e tite te"t in most browsers;.

Advanta#es

A H')$ document is sma and (ence easy to send over t(e net. It

is sma because it does not incude formatted information.

H')$ is patform independent.

H')$ ta#s are not case*sensitive.


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0avaScript

-avaScript is a script*based pro#rammin# an#ua#e t(at was deveoped by

etscape Communication Corporation. -avaScript was ori#inay caed $ive

Script and renamed as -avaScript to indicate its reations(ip wit( -ava.

-avaScript supports t(e deveopment of bot( cient and server components of

eb*based appications. On t(e cient side it can be used to write pro#rams

t(at are e"ecuted by a eb browser wit(in t(e conte"t of a eb pa#e. On t(e

server side it can be used to write eb server pro#rams t(at can process

information submitted by a eb browser and t(en update t(e browser=s dispayaccordin#y

!ven t(ou#( -avaScript supports bot( cient and server eb pro#rammin# we

prefer -avaScript at Cient side pro#rammin# since most of t(e browsers

supports it. -avaScript is amost as easy to earn as H')$ and -avaScript

statements can be incuded in H')$ documents by encosin# t(e statements

between a pair of scriptin# ta#s

JSCRIP'SL.. J0SCRIP'L.

JSCRIP' $A3+A3! Q -avaScriptTL

-avaScript statements

J0SCRIP'L

Here are a few t(in#s we can do wit( -avaScript8

Eaidate t(e contents of a form and ma6e cacuations.

Add scroin# or c(an#in# messa#es to t(e 5rowser=s status ine.

Animate ima#es or rotate ima#es t(at c(an#e w(en we move t(e

mouse over t(em.

%etect t(e browser in use and dispay different content for different

browsers.

%etect instaed pu#*ins and notify t(e user if a pu#*in is required.

e can do muc( more wit( -avaScript incudin# creatin# entire appication.


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-avaScript Es -ava

-avaScript and -ava are entirey different an#ua#es. A few of t(e most #arin#

differences are8

-ava appets are #eneray dispayed in a bo" wit(in t(e web documentU

-avaScript can affect any part of t(e eb document itsef.

(ie -avaScript is best suited to simpe appications and addin#

interactive features to eb pa#esU -ava can be used for incrediby

compe" appications.

'(ere are many ot(er differences but t(e important t(in# to remember is t(at

-avaScript and -ava are separate an#ua#es. '(ey are bot( usefu for different

t(in#sU in fact t(ey can be used to#et(er to combine t(eir advanta#es.

Advanta#es

-avaScript can be used for Sever*side and Cient*side scriptin#.

It is more fe"ibe t(an E5Script.

-avaScript is t(e defaut scriptin# an#ua#es at Cient*side since a

t(e browsers supports it.


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1M% 2 e1tensible Mar3up %anguage

/)$ is a mar6up an#ua#e for documents containin# structured information.

Structured information contains bot( content 9words pictures etc.; and some

indication of w(at roe t(at content pays 9for e"ampe content in a section

(eadin# (as a different meanin# from content in a footnote w(ic( means

somet(in# different t(an content in a fi#ure caption or content in a database

tabe etc.;. Amost a documents (ave some structure.

A mar6up an#ua#e is a mec(anism to identify structures in a document. '(e

/)$ specification defines a standard way to add mar6up to documents.

'(e !"tensibe )ar6up $an#ua#e 9/)$; is a #enera*purpose mar6up

an#ua#e.It is cassified as an e"tensibe an#ua#e because it aows its users to

define t(eir own ta#s. Its primary purpose is to faciitate t(e s(arin# of

structured data across different information systems particuary via t(e

Internet.It is used bot( to encode documents and seriai7e data. In t(e atter

conte"t it is comparabe wit( ot(er te"t*based seriai7ation an#ua#es suc( as

-SO and MA)$.

It started as a simpified subset of t(e Standard 3enerai7ed )ar6up $an#ua#e

9S3)$; and is desi#ned to be reativey (uman*e#ibe. 5y addin# semantic

constraints appication an#ua#es can be impemented in /)$. '(ese incude

/H')$ RSS )at()$ 3rap()$ Scaabe Eector 3rap(ics )usic/)$ and

t(ousands of ot(ers. )oreover /)$ is sometimes used as t(e specification

an#ua#e for suc( appication an#ua#es.

(y /)$D

In order to appreciate /)$ it is important to understand w(y it was created.

/)$ was created so t(at ric(y structured documents coud be used over t(e

web. '(e ony viabe aternatives H')$ and S3)$ are not practica for t(is

purpose.


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H')$ comes bound wit( a set of semantics and does not provide arbitrary

structure.

S3)$ provides arbitrary structure but is too difficut to impement 4ust for a

web browser. &u S3)$ systems sove ar#e compe" probems t(at 4ustify t(eir

e"pense. Eiewin# structured documents sent over t(e web rarey carries suc(

4ustification.

/)$ s(a support a wide variety of appications. /)$ s(oud be beneficia to a

wide variety of diverse appications8 aut(orin# browsin# content anaysis etc.

At(ou#( t(e initia focus is on servin# structured documents over t(e web it is

not meant to narrowy define /)$.

/)$ s(a be compatibe wit( S3)$. )ost of t(e peope invoved in t(e /)$

effort come from or#ani7ations t(at (ave a ar#e in some cases sta##erin#

amount of materia in S3)$. /)$ was desi#ned pra#maticay to be compatibe

wit( e"istin# standards w(ie sovin# t(e reativey new probem of sendin#

ric(y structured documents over t(e web.

It s(a be easy to write pro#rams t(at process /)$ documents. '(e cooquia

way of e"pressin# t(is #oa w(ie t(e spec was bein# deveoped was t(at it

ou#(t to ta6e about two wee6s for a competent computer science #raduate

student to buid a pro#ram t(at can process /)$ documents.

/)$ synta"

As on# as ony we*formedness is required /)$ is a #eneric framewor6 for

storin# any amount of te"t or any data w(ose structure can be represented as atree. '(e ony indispensabe syntactica requirement is t(at t(e document (as

e"acty one root eement 9aternativey caed t(e document eement;. '(is

means t(at t(e te"t must be encosed between a root openin# ta# and a

correspondin# cosin# ta#. '(e foowin# is a we*formed /)$ document8

Jboo6L'(is is a boo6.... J0boo6L


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'(e root eement can be preceded by an optiona /)$ decaration. '(is eement

states w(at version of /)$ is in use 9normay 1.B;U it may aso contain

information about c(aracter encodin# and e"terna dependencies.

JD"m versionQ1.B encodin#Q+'&*DL

'(e specification requires t(at processors of /)$ support t(e pan*+nicode

c(aracter encodin#s +'&* and +'&*1< 9+'&*?2 is not mandatory;. '(e use of

more imited encodin#s suc( as t(ose based on ISO0I!C is ac6nowed#ed

and is widey used and supported.

Comments can be paced anyw(ere in t(e tree incudin# in t(e te"t if t(e

content of t(e eement is te"t or NPC%A'A.

/)$ comments start wit( JK** and end wit( **L. 'wo das(es 9**; may not

appear anyw(ere in t(e te"t of t(e comment.

JK** '(is is a comment. **L

In any meanin#fu appication additiona mar6up is used to structure t(e

contents of t(e /)$ document. '(e te"t encosed by t(e root ta#s may contain

an arbitrary number of /)$ eements. '(e basic synta" for one eement is8

Jname attributeQvaueLcontentJ0nameL

Here VcontentW is some te"t w(ic( may a#ain contain /)$ eements. So a

#eneric /)$ document contains a tree*based data structure. In t(is respect it is

simiar to t(e $ISP pro#rammin# an#ua#es S*e"pressions w(ic( describe tree

structures w(erein eac( node may (ave its own property ist.

Attribute vaues must aways be quoted usin# sin#e or doube quotes and eac(

attribute name s(oud appear ony once in any eement. /)$ requires t(at

eements be propery nested G eements may never overap. &or e"ampe t(e

code beow is not we*formed /)$ because t(e em and stron# eements

overap8


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JK** RO3K O' !$$*&OR)!% /)$K **L

JpLorma JemLemp(asi7ed Jstron#Lstron# emp(asi7edJ0emL

stron#J0stron#LJ0pL

/)$ provides specia synta" for representin# an eement wit( empty content.

Instead of writin# a start ta# foowed immediatey by an end ta# a document

may contain an empty*eement ta#. An empty*eement ta# resembes a start ta#

but contains a sas( 4ust before t(e cosin# an#e brac6et.

Processin# /)$ fies

'(ree traditiona tec(niques for processin# /)$ fies are8

+sin# a pro#rammin# an#ua#e and t(e SA/ API.

+sin# a pro#rammin# an#ua#e and t(e %O) API.

)ore recent and emer#in# tec(niques for processin# /)$ fies are8

Pus( Parsin#

%ata bindin#

on*e"tractive /)$ Processin# API suc( as E'%*/)$

Simpe API for /)$ 9SA/;

SA/ is a e"ica event*driven interface in w(ic( a document is read seriay and

its contents are reported as cabac6s to various met(ods on a (ander ob4ect

of t(e users desi#n. SA/ is fast and efficient to impement but difficut to use

for e"tractin# information at random from t(e /)$ since it tends to burden t(e

appication aut(or wit( 6eepin# trac6 of w(at part of t(e document is bein#

processed. It is better suited to situations in w(ic( certain types of information

are aways (anded t(e same way no matter w(ere t(ey occur in t(e document.

%O)

%O) is an interface*oriented Appication Pro#rammin# Interface t(at aows for

navi#ation of t(e entire document as if it were a tree of ode ob4ects

representin# t(e documents contents. A %O) document can be created by a

parser or can be #enerated manuay by users 9wit( imitations;. %ata types in


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%O) odes are abstractU impementations provide t(eir own pro#rammin#

an#ua#e*specific bindin#s. %O) impementations tend to be memory intensive

as t(ey #eneray require t(e entire document to be oaded into memory and

constructed as a tree of ob4ects before access is aowed.


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0ava 'echnolog"

Initiay t(e an#ua#e was caed as oa6T but it was renamed as -avaT in 1.

'(e primary motivation of t(is an#ua#e was t(e need for a patform*independent 9i.e. arc(itecture neutra; an#ua#e t(at coud be used to create

software to be embedded in various consumer eectronic devices.

-ava is a pro#rammer=s an#ua#e.

-ava is co(esive and consistent.

!"cept for t(ose constraints imposed by t(e Internet environment

-ava #ives t(e pro#rammer fu contro.

&inay -ava is to Internet pro#rammin# w(ere C was to system

pro#rammin#.

Importance of -ava to t(e Internet

-ava (as (ad a profound effect on t(e Internet. '(is is becauseU -ava e"pands

t(e +niverse of ob4ects t(at can move about freey in Cyberspace. In a networ6

two cate#ories of ob4ects are transmitted between t(e Server and t(e Persona

computer. '(ey are8 Passive information and %ynamic active pro#rams. '(e

%ynamic Sef*e"ecutin# pro#rams cause serious probems in t(e areas of

Security and probabiity. 5ut -ava addresses t(ose concerns and by doin# so

(as opened t(e door to an e"citin# new form of pro#ram caed t(e Appet.

-ava can be used to create two types of pro#rams

App ications and Appets 8 An appication is a pro#ram t(at runs on our

Computer under t(e operatin# system of t(at computer. It is more or ess i6e

one creatin# usin# C or CXX. -ava=s abiity to create Appets ma6es it important.

An Appet is an appication desi#ned to be transmitted over t(e Internet and

e"ecuted by a -ava compatibe web browser. An appet is actuay a tiny -ava

pro#ram dynamicay downoaded across t(e networ6 4ust i6e an ima#e. 5ut

t(e difference is it is an intei#ent pro#ram not 4ust a media fie. It can react to

t(e user input and dynamicay c(an#e.


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&eatures of -ava Security

!very time you t(at you downoad a normaT pro#ram you are ris6in# a vira

infection. Prior to -ava most users did not downoad e"ecutabe pro#rams

frequenty and t(ose w(o did scan t(em for viruses prior to e"ecution. )ost

users sti worried about t(e possibiity of infectin# t(eir systems wit( a virus. In

addition anot(er type of maicious pro#ram e"ists t(at must be #uarded

a#ainst. '(is type of pro#ram can #at(er private information suc( as credit card

numbers ban6 account baances and passwords. -ava answers bot( t(ese

concerns by providin# a firewaT between a networ6 appication and your

computer.

(en you use a -ava*compatibe eb browser you can safey downoad -ava

appets wit(out fear of virus infection or maicious intent.

Portabiity

&or pro#rams to be dynamicay downoaded to a t(e various types of patforms

connected to t(e Internet some means of #eneratin# portabe e"ecutabe code

is needed .As you wi see t(e same mec(anism t(at (eps ensure security aso

(eps create portabiity. Indeed -ava=s soution to t(ese two probems is bot(

ee#ant and efficient.

'(e 5yte code

'(e 6ey t(at aows t(e -ava to sove t(e security and portabiity probems is

t(at t(e output of -ava compier is 5yte code. 5yte code is a (i#(y optimi7ed

set of instructions desi#ned to be e"ecuted by t(e -ava run*time system w(ic(

is caed t(e -ava Eirtua )ac(ine 9-E);. '(at is in its standard form t(e -E) is

an interpreter for byte code.

'ransatin# a -ava pro#ram into byte code (eps ma6es it muc( easier to run a

pro#ram in a wide variety of environments. '(e reason is once t(e run*time

pac6a#e e"ists for a #iven system any -ava pro#ram can run on it.

At(ou#( -ava was desi#ned for interpretation t(ere is tec(nicay not(in# about

-ava t(at prevents on*t(e*fy compiation of byte code into native code. Sun (as

4ust competed its -ust In 'ime 9-I'; compier for byte code. (en t(e -I'


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compier is a part of -E) it compies byte code into e"ecutabe code in rea

time on a piece*by*piece demand basis. It is not possibe to compie an entire

-ava pro#ram into e"ecutabe code a at once because -ava performs various

run*time c(ec6s t(at can be done ony at run time. '(e -I' compies code as it

is needed durin# e"ecution.

-ava Eirtua )ac(ine 9-E);

5eyond t(e an#ua#e t(ere is t(e -ava virtua mac(ine. '(e -ava virtua

mac(ine is an important eement of t(e -ava tec(noo#y. '(e virtua mac(ine

can be embedded wit(in a web browser or an operatin# system. Once a piece of

-ava code is oaded onto a mac(ine it is verified. As part of t(e oadin# process

a cass oader is invo6ed and does byte code verification ma6es sure t(at t(ecode t(at=s (as been #enerated by t(e compier wi not corrupt t(e mac(ine

t(at it=s oaded on. 5yte code verification ta6es pace at t(e end of t(e

compiation process to ma6e sure t(at is a accurate and correct. So byte code

verification is inte#ra to t(e compiin# and e"ecutin# of -ava code.

Overa %escription

Picture s(owin# t(e deveopment process of -AEA Pro#ram

-ava pro#rammin# uses to produce byte codes and e"ecutes t(em. '(e first bo"

indicates t(at t(e -ava source code is ocated in a. -ava fie t(at is processed

wit( a -ava compier caed 4avac. '(e -ava compier produces a fie caed a.

cass fie w(ic( contains t(e byte code. '(e .Cass fie is t(en oaded across t(enetwor6 or oaded ocay on your mac(ine into t(e e"ecution environment is t(e

-ava virtua mac(ine w(ic( interprets and e"ecutes t(e byte code.

-ava Arc(itecture

-ava arc(itecture provides a portabe robust (i#( performin# environment for

deveopment. -ava provides portabiity by compiin# t(e byte codes for t(e -ava

Java Source Java byte code JavaVM

J ava .Class


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Eirtua )ac(ine w(ic( is t(en interpreted on eac( patform by t(e run*time

environment. -ava is a dynamic system abe to oad code w(en needed from a

mac(ine in t(e same room or across t(e panet.

Compiation of code

(en you compie t(e code t(e -ava compier creates mac(ine code 9caed

byte code; for a (ypot(etica mac(ine caed -ava Eirtua )ac(ine 9-E);. '(e

-E) is supposed to e"ecute t(e byte code. '(e -E) is created for overcomin#

t(e issue of portabiity. '(e code is written and compied for one mac(ine and

interpreted on a mac(ines. '(is mac(ine is caed -ava Eirtua )ac(ine.

Compiin# and interpretin# -ava Source Code

%urin# run*time t(e -ava interpreter tric6s t(e byte code fie into t(in6in# t(at it

is runnin# on a -ava Eirtua )ac(ine. In reaity t(is coud be a Inte Pentium

indows or SunSARC station runnin# Soaris or Appe )acintos( runnin#

system and a coud receive code from any computer t(rou#( Internet and run

t(e Appets.

Simpe

-ava was desi#ned to be easy for t(e Professiona pro#rammer to earn and to

use effectivey. If you are an e"perienced CXX pro#rammer earnin# -ava wi

be even easier. 5ecause -ava in(erits t(e C0CXX synta" and many of t(e ob4ect


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oriented features of CXX. )ost of t(e confusin# concepts from CXX are eit(er

eft out of -ava or impemented in a ceaner more approac(abe manner. In

-ava t(ere are a sma number of ceary defined ways to accompis( a #iven

tas6.

Ob4ect*Oriented

-ava was not desi#ned to be source*code compatibe wit( any ot(er an#ua#e.

'(is aowed t(e -ava team t(e freedom to desi#n wit( a ban6 sate. One

outcome of t(is was a cean usabe pra#matic approac( to ob4ects. '(e ob4ect

mode in -ava is simpe and easy to e"tend w(ie simpe types suc( as

inte#ers are 6ept as (i#(*performance non*ob4ects.

Robust

'(e muti*patform environment of t(e eb paces e"traordinary demands on a

pro#ram because t(e pro#ram must e"ecute reiaby in a variety of systems.

'(e abiity to create robust pro#rams was #iven a (i#( priority in t(e desi#n of

-ava. -ava is stricty typed an#ua#eU it c(ec6s your code at compie time and

run time.

-ava virtuay eiminates t(e probems of memory mana#ement and de*

aocation w(ic( is competey automatic. In a we*written -ava pro#ram a run

time errors can and s(oud be mana#ed by your pro#ram.


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0ava Collections

A coection G sometimes caed a container G is simpy an ob4ect t(at #roups

mutipe eements into a sin#e unit. Coections are used to store retrieve

manipuate and communicate a##re#ate data. 'ypicay t(ey represent data

items t(at form a natura #roup suc( as a po6er (and 9a coection of cards; a

mai foder 9a coection of etters; or a teep(one directory 9a mappin# of

names to p(one numbers;.

If youve used t(e -ava pro#rammin# an#ua#e G or 4ust about any ot(er

pro#rammin# an#ua#e G youre aready famiiar wit( coections. Coection

impementations in earier 9pre*1.2; versions of t(e -ava patform incuded

Eector Has(tabe and array. However t(ose earier versions did not contain a

coections framewor6.

A coections framewor6 is a unified arc(itecture for representin# and

manipuatin# coections. A coections framewor6s contain t(e foowin#8

Interfaces8 '(ese are abstract data types t(at represent coections. Interfaces

aow coections to be manipuated independenty of t(e detais of t(eir

representation. In ob4ect*oriented an#ua#es interfaces #eneray form a(ierarc(y.

Impementations8 '(ese are t(e concrete impementations of t(e coection

interfaces. In essence t(ey are reusabe data structures.

A#orit(ms8 '(ese are t(e met(ods t(at perform usefu computations suc( as

searc(in# and sortin# on ob4ects t(at impement coection interfaces. '(e

a#orit(ms are said to be poymorp(ic8 t(at is t(e same met(od can be used on

many different impementations of t(e appropriate coection interface. In

essence a#orit(ms are reusabe functionaity.


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-enefits of the 0ava Collections &ramewor3

'(e -ava Coections &ramewor6 provides t(e foowin# benefits8

Reduces pro#rammin# effort8 5y providin# usefu data structures and

a#orit(ms t(e Coections &ramewor6 frees you to concentrate on t(e important

parts of your pro#ram rat(er t(an on t(e ow*eve pumbin# required to ma6e

it wor6. 5y faciitatin# interoperabiity amon# unreated APIs t(e -ava

Coections &ramewor6 frees you from writin# adapter ob4ects or conversion

code to connect APIs.

Increases pro#ram speed and quaity8 '(is Coections &ramewor6 provides (i#(

performance (i#(*quaity impementations of usefu data structures and

a#orit(ms. '(e various impementations of eac( interface are interc(an#eabe

so pro#rams can be easiy tuned by switc(in# coection impementations.

5ecause youre freed from t(e drud#ery of writin# your own data structures

you (ave more time to devote to improvin# pro#rams quaity and

performance.

Aows interoperabiity amon# unreated APIs8 '(e coection interfaces are t(e

vernacuar by w(ic( APIs pass coections bac6 and fort(. If my networ6administration API furnis(es a coection of node names and if your 3+I too6it

e"pects a coection of coumn (eadin#s our APIs wi interoperate seamessy

even t(ou#( t(ey were written independenty.

Reduces effort to earn and to use new APIs8 )any APIs naturay ta6e

coections on input and furnis( t(em as output. In t(e past eac( suc( API (ad

a sma sub*API devoted to manipuatin# its coections. '(ere was itte

consistency amon# t(ese ad (oc coections sub*APIs so you (ad to earn eac(

one from scratc( and it was easy to ma6e mista6es w(en usin# t(em. it( t(e

advent of standard coection interfaces t(e probem went away.

Reduces effort to desi#n new APIs8 '(is is t(e fip side of t(e previous

advanta#e. %esi#ners and impementers dont (ave to reinvent t(e w(ee eac(

time t(ey create an API t(at reies on coectionsU instead t(ey can use standard


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coection interfaces.

&osters software reuse8 ew data structures t(at conform to t(e standard

coection interfaces are by nature reusabe. '(e same #oes for new a#orit(ms

t(at operate on ob4ects t(at impement t(ese interfaces.

'he core collection interfaces4

A Set is a specia 6ind of Coection a SortedSet is a specia 6ind of Set and so

fort(. ote aso t(at t(e (ierarc(y consists of two distinct trees G a )ap is not a

true Coection.

ote t(at a t(e core coection interfaces are #eneric. &or e"ampe t(is is t(e

decaration of t(e Coection interface.

pubic interface CoectionJ!L...

'(e foowin# ist describes t(e core coection interfaces8

Coection G t(e root of t(e coection (ierarc(y. A coection represents a #roup

of ob4ects 6nown as its eements. '(e Coection interface is t(e east common

denominator t(at a coections impement and is used to pass coectionsaround and to manipuate t(em w(en ma"imum #eneraity is desired. Some

types of coections aow dupicate eements and ot(ers do not.

Some are ordered and ot(ers are unordered. '(e -ava patform doesnt provide

any direct impementations of t(is interface but provides impementations of

more specific sub interfaces suc( as Set and $ist. Aso see '(e Coection


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Interface section.

Set G a coection t(at cannot contain dupicate eements. '(is interface modes

t(e mat(ematica set abstraction and is used to represent sets suc( as t(e

cards comprisin# a po6er (and t(e courses ma6in# up a students sc(edue or

t(e processes runnin# on a mac(ine. See aso '(e Set Interface section.

$ist G an ordered coection 9sometimes caed a sequence;. $ists can contain

dupicate eements. '(e user of a $ist #eneray (as precise contro over w(ere

in t(e ist eac( eement is inserted and can access eements by t(eir inte#er

inde" 9position;. If youve used Eector youre famiiar wit( t(e #enera favor of

$ist. Aso see '(e $ist Interface section.

ueue G a coection used to (od mutipe eements prior to processin#. 5esides

basic Coection operations a ueue provides additiona insertion e"traction

and inspection operations. ueues typicay but do not necessariy order

eements in a &I&O 9first*in first*out; manner. Amon# t(e e"ceptions are

priority queues w(ic( order eements accordin# to a suppied comparator or t(e

eements natura orderin#D (atever t(e orderin# used t(e (ead of t(e queue

is t(e eement t(at woud be removed by a ca to remove or po. In a &I&Oqueue a new eements are inserted at t(e tai of t(e queue. Ot(er 6inds of

queues may use different pacement rues. !very ueue impementation must

specify its orderin# properties. Aso see '(e ueue Interface section.

A ueue is a coection for (odin# eements prior to processin#. 5esides basic

Coection operations queues provide additiona insertion remova and

inspection operations.

!ac( ueue met(od e"ists in two forms8 91; one t(rows an e"ception if t(e

operation fais and 92; t(e ot(er returns a specia vaue if t(e operation fais

9eit(er nu or fase dependin# on t(e operation;. '(e re#uar structure of t(e

interface is iustrated in t(e foowin# tabe.

)ap G an ob4ect t(at maps 6eys to vaues. A )ap cannot contain dupicate


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6eysU eac( 6ey can map to at most one vaue. If youve used Has(tabe youre

aready famiiar wit( t(e basics of )ap. Aso see '(e )ap Interface section. '(e

ast two core coection interfaces are merey sorted versions of Set and

)ap8

SortedSet G a Set t(at maintains its eements in ascendin# order. Severa

additiona operations are provided to ta6e advanta#e of t(e orderin#. Sorted

sets are used for naturay ordered sets suc( as word ists and members(ip

ros. Aso see '(e SortedSet Interface section.

Sorted)ap G a )ap t(at maintains its mappin#s in ascendin# 6ey order. '(is is

t(e )ap anao# of SortedSet. Sorted maps are used for naturay ordered

coections of 6ey0vaue pairs suc( as dictionaries and teep(one directories.

Aso see '(e Sorted)ap Interface section.

Iterators8 An Iterator is an ob4ect t(at enabes you to traverse t(rou#( a

coection and to remove eements from t(e coection seectivey if desired. Mou

#et an Iterator for a coection by cain# its iterator met(od. '(e foowin# is t(e

Iterator interface.

pubic interface IteratorJ!L Y

booean (ase"t9;U ! ne"t9;U void remove9;U 00optionaZ

'(e (ase"t met(od returns true if t(e iteration (as more eements and t(e

ne"t met(od returns t(e ne"t eement in t(e iteration. '(e remove met(od

removes t(e ast eement t(at was returned by ne"t from t(e underyin#

Coection. '(e remove met(od may be caed ony once per ca to ne"t and

t(rows an e"ception if t(is rue is vioated.

5u6 operations perform an operation on an entire Coection. Mou coud

impement t(ese s(ort(and operations usin# t(e basic operations t(ou#( in

most cases suc( impementations woud be ess efficient. '(e foowin# are t(e


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bu6 operations8

containsA G returns true if t(e tar#et Coection contains a of t(e eements in

t(e specified Coection.

addA G adds a of t(e eements in t(e specified Coection to t(e tar#et

Coection.

removeA G removes from t(e tar#et Coection a of its eements t(at are aso

contained in t(e specified Coection.

retainA G removes from t(e tar#et Coection a its eements t(at are not aso

contained in t(e specified Coection. '(at is it retains ony t(ose eements in

t(e tar#et Coection t(at are aso contained in t(e specified Coection.

cear G removes a eements from t(e Coection.

'(e addA removeA and retainA met(ods a return true if t(e tar#et

Coection was modified in t(e process of e"ecutin# t(e operation.


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0ava Swing

Swin# Components enabe t(e user to buid functionay ric( user interfaces. '(e

Swin# #rap(ica user interface components were introduced wit( t(e -ava

&oundation Casses 9-&C; as a downoadabe e"tension to t(e -ava 1.1 Patform

t(en became a standard e"tension in t(e -ava 2 Patform. Swin# provides a

more compete set of 3+I components t(an t(e Abstract indowin# 'oo6it

9A'; incudin# advanced features suc( as a pu##abe oo6 and fee

i#(twei#(t component renderin# and dra#*and*drop capabiities.

Swin# 'e"t Components and H')$ Renderin#

)any appications present te"t to t(e user for viewin# and editin#. '(is te"t may

consist of pain unformatted c(aracters or it may consist of ric(y styed

c(aracters t(at use mutipe fonts and e"tensive formattin#. Swin# provides

t(ree basic types of te"t components for presentin# and editin# te"t. Cass

-'e"tComponent is t(e base cass for a Swin# te"t components incudin#

-'e"t&ied -'e"tArea and -!ditorPane. -'e"t&ied is a sin#e*ine te"t component

suitabe for obtainin# simpe user input or dispayin# information suc( as form

fied vaues cacuation resuts and so on. -password&ied is a subcass of

-'e"t&ied suitabe for obtainin# user passwords. '(ese components do not

perform any specia te"t styin#. Rat(er t(ey present a te"t in a sin#e font

and coor. -'e"tArea i6e -'e"t&ied and -Password&ied aso does not stye its

te"t. However -'e"tArea does provide a ar#er visibe area and supports ar#er

pain*te"t documents.

-!ditorPane provides en(anced te"t*renderin# capabiities. -!ditorPane supports

styed documents t(at incude formattin# font and coor information. -!ditor*

Pane is capabe of renderin# H')$ documents as we as Ric( 'e"t &ormat 9R'&;

documents. e use cass -!ditorPane to render H')$ pa#es for a simpe eb

browser appication. -'e"tPane is a -!ditorPane subcass t(at renders ony styed

documents and not pain te"t. -'e"tPane provides deveopers wit( fine*#rained

contro over t(e stye of eac( c(aracter and para#rap( in t(e rendered

document.


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Swin# 'oobars

'oobars are 3+I containers typicay ocated beow an appication=s menus.

'oobars contain buttons and ot(er 3+I components for commony used

features suc( as cut copy and paste or navi#ation buttons for a eb browser.

&i#ure 2.2 s(ows toobars in Internet !"porer and )o7ia. Cass

4ava".swin#.-'oo5ar enabes deveopers to add toobars to Swin# user

interfaces. -'oo5ar aso enabes users to modify t(e appearance of t(e -'oo5ar

in a runnin# appication. &or e"ampe t(e user can dra# t(e -'oo5ar from t(e

top of a window and doc6 t(e -'oo5ar on t(e side or bottom of t(e window.

-SpitPane and -'abbedPane

-SpitPane and -'abbedPane are container components t(at enabe deveopers

to present ar#e amounts of information in a sma screen area. -SpitPane

accompis(es t(is by dividin# two components wit( a divider users can

reposition to e"pand and contract t(e visibe areas of t(e -SpitPane=s c(id

components 9&i#. 2.:;. -'abbedPane uses a fiefoder* stye tab interface to

arran#e many components t(rou#( w(ic( t(e user can browse.

-ava Swin# provides casses -%es6topPane and -Interna&rame for buidin#

mutipe*document interfaces. '(ese cass names reinforce t(e idea t(at eac(

document is a separate window 9-Interna&rame; inside t(e appication=s des6top

9-%es6top*Pane; 4ust as ot(er appications are separate windows 9e.#.

-&rames; on t(e operatin# system=s des6top. -Interna&rames be(ave muc( i6e

-&rames. +sers can ma"imi7e iconify resi7e open and cose -Interna&rames.

-Interna&rames (ave tite bars wit( buttons for iconifyin# ma"imi7in# and

cosin#. +sers aso can move -Interna*&rames wit(in t(e -%es6topPane.

%ra# and drop is a common way to manipuate data in a 3+I. )ost 3+Is

emuate rea word des6tops wit( icons t(at represent t(e ob4ects on a virtua

des6. %ra# and drop enabes users to move items around t(e des6top and to

move and copy data amon# appications usin# mouse #estures. A #esture is a

mouse movement t(at corresponds to a dra# and*drop operation suc( as

dra##in# a fie from one foder and droppin# t(e fie into anot(er foder. 'wo


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-ava APIs enabe dra#*and*drop data transfer between appications. '(e data

transfer APIGpac6a#e 4ava.awt.datatransferGenabes copyin# and movin# data

wit(in a sin#e appication or amon# mutipe appications. '(e dra#*and*drop

API enabes -ava appications to reco#ni7e dra#*and*drop #estures and to

respond to dra#*and drop operations. A dra#*and*drop operation uses t(e data

transfer API to transfer data from t(e dra# source to t(e drop tar#et. &or

e"ampe a user coud be#in a dra# #esture in a fiemana#er appication 9t(e

dra# source; to dra# a fie from a foder and drop t(e fie on a -ava appication

9t(e drop tar#et;. '(e -ava appication woud use t(e dra#*and*drop API to

reco#ni7e t(at a dra#*and*drop operation occurred and woud use t(e data

transfer API to retrieve t(e data transferred t(rou#( t(e dra#*and*drop

operation.


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S#R5%#'S

Introduction

'(e -ava web server is -avaSofts own web Server. '(e -ava web server is 4ust a

part of a ar#er framewor6 intended to provide you not 4ust wit( a web server

but aso wit( toos. 'o buid customi7ed networ6 servers for any Internet or

Intranet cient0server system. Servets are to a web server (ow appets are to

t(e browser.

About Servets

Servets provide a -ava*based soution used to address t(e probems currentyassociated wit( doin# server*side pro#rammin# incudin# ine"tensibe scriptin#

soutions patform*specific APIs and incompete interfaces.

Servets are ob4ects t(at conform to a specific interface t(at can be pu##ed into

a -ava*based server. Servets are to t(e server*side w(at appets are to t(e

cient*side * ob4ect byte codes t(at can be dynamicay oaded off t(e net. '(ey

differ from appets in t(at t(ey are faceess ob4ects 9wit(out #rap(ics or a 3+I

component;. '(ey serve as patform independent dynamicay oadabepu##abe (eper byte code ob4ects on t(e server side t(at can be used to

dynamicay e"tend server*side functionaity.

&or e"ampe an H''P Servets can be used to #enerate dynamic H')$ content.

(en you use Servets to do dynamic content you #et t(e foowin# advanta#es8

'(ey=re faster and ceaner t(an C3I scripts

'(ey use a standard API 9t(e Servets API;

'(ey provide a t(e advanta#es of -ava 9run on a variety of serverswit(out needin# to be rewritten;.

Attractiveness of Servets

'(ere are many features of Servets t(at ma6e t(em easy and attractive to use.

'(ese incude8

!asiy confi#ured usin# t(e 3+I*based Admin too


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Can be oaded and invo6ed from a oca dis6 or remotey across t(e

networ6.

Can be in6ed to#et(er or c(ained so t(at one Servets can ca

anot(er Servets or severa Servets in sequence.

Can be caed dynamicay from wit(in H')$ pa#es usin# server*

side incude ta#s.

Are secure * even w(en downoadin# across t(e networ6 t(e

Servets security mode and Servets sandbo" protect your system

from unfriendy be(avior.

Advanta#es of t(e Servet API

One of t(e #reat advanta#es of t(e Servet API is protoco independence. Itassumes not(in# about8

'(e protoco bein# used to transmit on t(e net

How it is oaded

'(e server environment it wi be runnin# in

'(ese quaities are important because it aows t(e Servet API to be embedded

in many different 6inds of servers. '(ere are ot(er advanta#es to t(e Servet

API as we. '(ese incude8

It=s e"tensibe * you can in(erit a your functionaity from t(e base

casses made avaiabe to you.

It=s simpe sma and easy to use.


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&eatures of Servets8

Servets are persistent. Servet are oaded ony by t(e web server and

can maintain services between requests.

Servets are fast. Since Servets ony need to be oaded once t(ey

offer muc( better performance over t(eir C3I counterparts.

Servets are patform independent.

Servets are e"tensibe. -ava is a robust ob4ect*oriented pro#rammin#

an#ua#e w(ic( easiy can be e"tended to suit your needs

Servets are secure.

Servets can be used wit( a variety of cients.

$oadin# Servets8

Servets can be oaded from t(ree paces

&rom a directory t(at is on t(e C$ASSPA'H. '(e C$ASSPA'H of t(e

-avaebServer incudes service root0casses0 w(ic( is w(ere t(e system casses

reside.

&rom t(e JS!REIC![ROO' 0Servets0 directory. '(is is \not\ in t(e server=s

cass pat(. A cass oader is used to create Servets from t(is directory. ew


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Servets can be added * e"istin# Servets can be recompied and t(e server wi

notice t(ese c(an#es.

&rom a remote ocation for t(is a code base i6e (ttp8 00 nine.en# 0 casses 0 foo

0 is required in addition to t(e Servets cass name. Refer to t(e admin 3+I docs

on Servet section to see (ow to set t(is up.

$oadin# Remote Servets

Remote Servets can be oaded by8

1. Confi#urin# t(e Admin 'oo to setup automatic oadin# of remote Servets

2. Settin# up server side incude ta#s in. s(tm fies

?. %efinin# a fiter c(ain confi#uration

Invo6in# Servets

A Servet invo6er is a Servet t(at invo6es t(e service met(od on a named

Servet. If t(e Servet is not oaded in t(e server t(en t(e invo6er first oads t(e

Servet 9eit(er from oca dis6 or from t(e networ6; and t(e t(en invo6es t(e

service met(od. Aso i6e appets oca Servets in t(e server can be identified

by 4ust t(e cass name. In ot(er words if a Servet name is not absoute it is

treated as oca.

A cient can invo6e Servets in t(e foowin# ways4

'(e cient can as6 for a document t(at is served by t(e Servet.

'(e cient 9browser; can invo6e t(e Servet directy usin# a +R$ once it

(as been mapped usin# t(e Servet Aiasessection of t(e admin 3+I.

'(e Servet can be invo6ed t(rou#( server side incudeta#s.

'(e Servet can be invo6ed by pacin# it in t(e Servets0 directory.

'(e Servet can be invo6ed by usin# it in a fiter c(ain.

0ava atabase Connectivit"

(at Is -%5CD

-%5C is a -ava API for e"ecutin# S$ statements. 9As a point of interest -%5C is

a trademar6ed name and is not an acronymU nevert(eess -%5C is often

t(ou#(t of as standin# for -ava %atabase Connectivity. It consists of a set of

casses and interfaces written in t(e -ava pro#rammin# an#ua#e. -%5C provides
http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/administration/servlet_alias.htmlhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/ssinclude.htmlhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/ssinclude.htmlhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/administration/servlet_alias.html


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a standard API for too0database deveopers and ma6es it possibe to write

database appications usin# a pure -ava API.

+sin# -%5C it is easy to send S$ statements to virtuay any reationa

database. One can write a sin#e pro#ram usin# t(e -%5C API and t(e pro#ram

wi be abe to send S$ statements to t(e appropriate database. '(e

combinations of -ava and -%5C ets a pro#rammer write it once and run it

anyw(ere.

(at %oes -%5C %oD

Simpy put -%5C ma6es it possibe to do t(ree t(in#s8

!stabis( a connection wit( a database

Send S$ statements

Process t(e resuts.

-%5C versus O%5C and ot(er APIs

At t(is point )icrosofts O%5C 9Open %atabase Connectivity; API is t(at

probaby t(e most widey used pro#rammin# interface for accessin# reationa

databases. It offers t(e abiity to connect to amost a databases on amost a

patforms.

So w(y not 4ust use O%5C from -avaD '(e answer is t(at you can use O%5C

from -ava but t(is is best done wit( t(e (ep of -%5C in t(e form of t(e -%5C*

O%5C 5rid#e w(ic( we wi cover s(orty. '(e question now becomes (y do

you need -%5CD '(ere are severa answers to t(is question8

1. O%5C is not appropriate for direct use from -ava because it uses a C

interface. Cas from -ava to native C code (ave a number of drawbac6s in

t(e security impementation robustness and automatic portabiity of

appications.

2. A itera transation of t(e O%5C C API into a -ava API woud not be

desirabe. &or e"ampe -ava (as no pointers and O%5C ma6es copious

use of t(em incudin# t(e notoriousy error*prone #eneric pointer void

\. Mou can t(in6 of -%5C as O%5C transated into an ob4ect*oriented

interface t(at is natura for -ava pro#rammers.

?. O%5C is (ard to earn. It mi"es simpe and advanced features to#et(er

and it (as compe" options even for simpe queries. -%5C on t(e ot(er


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(and was desi#ned to 6eep simpe t(in#s simpe w(ie aowin# more

advanced capabiities w(ere required.

>. A -ava API i6e -%5C is needed in order to enabe a pure -ava soution.

(en O%5C is used t(e O%5C driver mana#er and drivers must be

manuay instaed on every cient mac(ine. (en t(e -%5C driver is

written competey in -ava (owever -%5C code is automaticay

instaabe portabe and secure on a -ava patforms from networ6

computers to mainframes.

'wo*tier and '(ree*tier )odes

'(e -%5C API supports bot( two*tier and t(ree*tier modes for database access.

In t(e two*tier mode a -ava appet or appication ta6s directy to t(e database.

'(is requires a -%5C driver t(at can communicate wit( t(e particuar database

mana#ement system bein# accessed. A users S$ statements are deivered to

t(e database and t(e resuts of t(ose statements are sent bac6 to t(e user. '(e

database may be ocated on anot(er mac(ine to w(ic( t(e user is connected via

a networ6. '(is is referred to as a cient0server confi#uration wit( t(e users

mac(ine as t(e cient and t(e mac(ine (ousin# t(e database as t(e server. '(e

networ6 can be an Intranet w(ic( for e"ampe connects empoyees wit(in a

corporation or it can be t(e Internet.

JAVA

Application

JDBC

DBMS

Client machine

DBMS-proprietary protocol

Database server


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In t(e t(ree*tier mode commands are sent to a midde tier of services w(ic(

t(en send S$ statements to t(e database. '(e database processes t(e S$

statements and sends t(e resuts bac6 to t(e midde tier w(ic( t(en sends

t(em to t(e user. )IS directors find t(e t(ree*tier mode very attractive because

t(e midde tier ma6es it possibe to maintain contro over access and t(e 6inds

of updates t(at can be made to corporate data. Anot(er advanta#e is t(at w(en

t(ere is a midde tier t(e user can empoy an easy*to*use (i#(er*eve API

w(ic( is transated by t(e midde tier into t(e appropriate ow*eve cas. &inay

in many cases t(e t(ree*tier arc(itecture can provide performance advanta#es.

+nti now t(e midde tier (as typicay been written in an#ua#es suc( as C or CX

X w(ic( offer fast performance. However wit( t(e introduction of optimi7in#

compiers t(at transate -ava byte code into efficient mac(ine*specific code it is

becomin# practica to impement t(e midde tier in -ava. '(is is a bi# pus

ma6in# it possibe to ta6e advanta#e of -avas robustness mutit(readin# and

security features. -%5C is important to aow database access from a -ava

midde tier.

Java applet or

Html browser

Application

Server (Java)

JDBC

DBMS

Client machine (!")

H##$% &M"% or C'&BA calls

Server machine (business

oic)

DBMS-proprietary protocol

Database server


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-%5C %river 'ypes

'(e -%5C drivers t(at we are aware of at t(is time fit into one of four

cate#ories8

-%5C*O%5C brid#e pus O%5C driver

ative*API party*-ava driver

-%5C*et pure -ava driver

ative*protoco pure -ava driver

0-CO-C -ridge4 If possibe use a Pure -ava -%5C driver instead of t(e

5rid#e and an O%5C driver. '(is competey eiminates t(e cient confi#uration

required by O%5C. It aso eiminates t(e potentia t(at t(e -ava E) coud be

corrupted by an error in t(e native code brou#(t in by t(e 5rid#e 9t(at is t(e

5rid#e native ibrary t(e O%5C driver mana#er ibrary t(e O%5C driver ibrary

and t(e database cient ibrary;.

(at Is t(e -%5C* O%5C 5rid#eD

'(e -%5C*O%5C 5rid#e is a -%5C driver w(ic( impements -%5C operations by

transatin# t(em into O%5C operations. 'o O%5C it appears as a norma


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appication pro#ram. '(e 5rid#e impements -%5C for any database for w(ic( an

O%5C driver is avaiabe. '(e 5rid#e is impemented as t(e

Sun.4dbc.odbc -ava pac6a#e and contains a native ibrary used to access

O%5C. '(e 5rid#e is a 4oint deveopment of Innersoe and -ava Soft.

-%5C connectivity

'(e -%5C provides database*independent connectivity between t(e -2!!

patform and a wide ran#e of tabuar data sources. -%5C tec(noo#y aows an

Appication Component Provider to8

Perform connection and aut(entication to a database server

)ana#er transactions

)ove S$ statements to a database en#ine for preprocessin# and

e"ecution

!"ecute stored procedures

Inspect and modify t(e resuts from Seect statements


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atabase4

A database mana#ement system 9%5)S; is computer software desi#ned for t(e

purpose of mana#in# databases a ar#e set of structured data and run

operations on t(e data requested by numerous users. 'ypica e"ampes of

%5)Ss incude Orace %52 )icrosoft Access )icrosoft S$ Server &irebird

Post#reS$ )yS$ S$ite &ie)a6er and Sybase Adaptive Server !nterprise.

%5)Ss are typicay used by %atabase administrators in t(e creation of

%atabase systems. 'ypica e"ampes of %5)S use incude accountin# (uman

resources and customer support systems.

Ori#inay found ony in ar#e companies wit( t(e computer (ardware needed to

support ar#e data sets %5)Ss (ave more recenty emer#ed as a fairy standard

part of any company bac6 office.

escription

A %5)S is a compe" set of software pro#rams t(at contros t(e or#ani7ation

stora#e mana#ement and retrieva of data in a database. A %5)S incudes8

A modein# an#ua#e to define t(e sc(ema of eac( database (osted in t(e

%5)S accordin# to t(e %5)S data mode.

'(e four most common types of or#ani7ations are t(e (ierarc(ica

networ6 reationa and ob4ect modes. Inverted ists and ot(er

met(ods are aso used. A #iven database mana#ement system may

provide one or more of t(e four modes. '(e optima structure depends

on t(e natura or#ani7ation of t(e appications data and on t(e

appications requirements 9w(ic( incude transaction rate 9speed;

reiabiity maintainabiity scaabiity and cost;.

'(e dominant mode in use today is t(e ad (oc one embedded in S$

despite t(e ob4ections of purists w(o beieve t(is mode is a corruption

of t(e reationa mode since it vioates severa of its fundamenta

principes for t(e sa6e of practicaity and performance. )any %5)Ss


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aso support t(e Open %atabase Connectivity API t(at supports a

standard way for pro#rammers to access t(e %5)S.

%ata structures 9fieds records fies and ob4ects; optimi7ed to dea wit(

very ar#e amounts of data stored on a permanent data stora#e device9w(ic( impies reativey sow access compared to voatie main memory;.

A database query an#ua#e and report writer to aow users to

interactivey interro#ate t(e database anay7e its data and update it

accordin# to t(e users privie#es on data.

It aso contros t(e security of t(e database.

%ata security prevents unaut(ori7ed users from viewin# or updatin#

t(e database. +sin# passwords users are aowed access to t(e entire

database or subsets of it caed subsc(emas. &or e"ampe an

empoyee database can contain a t(e data about an individua

empoyee but one #roup of users may be aut(ori7ed to view ony

payro data w(ie ot(ers are aowed access to ony wor6 (istory and

medica data.

If t(e %5)S provides a way to interactivey enter and update t(e

database as we as interro#ate it t(is capabiity aows for mana#in#

persona databases. However it may not eave an audit trai of actions

or provide t(e 6inds of contros necessary in a muti*user or#ani7ation.

'(ese contros are ony avaiabe w(en a set of appication pro#rams

are customi7ed for eac( data entry and updatin# function.

A transaction mec(anism t(at ideay woud #uarantee t(e ACI% properties

in order to ensure data inte#rity despite concurrent user accesses

9concurrency contro; and fauts 9faut toerance;.

It aso maintains t(e inte#rity of t(e data in t(e database.


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'(e %5)S can maintain t(e inte#rity of t(e database by not aowin#

more t(an one user to update t(e same record at t(e same time. '(e

%5)S can (ep prevent dupicate records via unique inde" constraintsU

for e"ampe no two customers wit( t(e same customer numbers 96ey

fieds; can be entered into t(e database. See ACI% properties for more

information 9Redundancy avoidance;.

'(e %5)S accepts requests for data from t(e appication pro#ram and instructs

t(e operatin# system to transfer t(e appropriate data.

(en a %5)S is used information systems can be c(an#ed muc( more easiy

as t(e or#ani7ations information requirements c(an#e. ew cate#ories of data

can be added to t(e database wit(out disruption to t(e e"istin# system.

Or#ani7ations may use one 6ind of %5)S for daiy transaction processin# and

t(en move t(e detai onto anot(er computer t(at uses anot(er %5)S better

suited for random inquiries and anaysis. Overa systems desi#n decisions are

performed by data administrators and systems anaysts. %etaied database

desi#n is performed by database administrators.

%atabase servers are speciay desi#ned computers t(at (od t(e actua

databases and run ony t(e %5)S and reated software. %atabase servers are

usuay mutiprocessor computers wit( RAI% dis6 arrays used for stabe stora#e.

Connected to one or more servers via a (i#(*speed c(anne (ardware database

acceerators are aso used in ar#e voume transaction processin# environments.

%5)Ss are found at t(e (eart of most database appications. Sometimes %5)Ss

are buit around a private mutitas6in# 6erne wit( buit*in networ6in# support

at(ou#( nowadays t(ese functions are eft to t(e operatin# system.


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S6%

Structured uery $an#ua#e 9S$; is t(e an#ua#e used to manipuate reationa

databases. S$ is tied very cosey wit( t(e reationa mode.

In t(e reationa mode data is stored in structures caed reations or tabes.

S$ statements are issued for t(e purpose of8

ata definition4 %efinin# tabes and structures in t(e database 9%%$ used to

create ater and drop sc(ema ob4ects suc( as tabes and inde"es;.

ata manipulation4 +sed to manipuate t(e data wit(in t(ose sc(ema ob4ects

9%)$ Insertin# +pdatin# %eetin# t(e data and ueryin# t(e %atabase;.

A sc(ema is a coection of database ob4ects t(at can incude8 tabes views

inde"es and sequences

$ist of S$ statements t(at can be issued a#ainst an Orace database sc(ema

are8

A%'#R* C(an#e an e"istin# tabe view or inde" definition 9%%$;

A*I'* 'rac6 t(e c(an#es made to a tabe 9%%$;

COMM#+'* Add a comment to a tabe or coumn in a tabe 9%%$;

COMMI'* )a6e a recent c(an#es permanent 9%)$ * transactiona;

CR#A'#* Create new database ob4ects suc( as tabes or views 9%%$;

#%#'#* %eete rows from a database tabe 9%)$;

ROP* %rop a database ob4ect suc( as a tabe view or inde" 9%%$;

,RA+'* Aow anot(er user to access database ob4ects suc( as tabes or

views 9%%$;

I+S#R'* Insert new data into a database tabe 9%)$;

+o A*I'* 'urn off t(e auditin# function 9%%$;

R#5O7#* %isaow a user access to database ob4ects suc( as tabes and

views 9%%$;


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RO%%-AC7 * +ndo any recent c(an#es to t(e database 9%)$ *

'ransactiona;

S#%#C'* Retrieve data from a database tabe 9%)$;

'R*+CA'#* %eete a rows from a database tabe 9can not be roed

bac6; 9%)$;

*PA'# * C(an#e t(e vaues of some data items in a database tabe

9%)$;


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0ava Server Pages (0SP)

-ava server Pa#es is a simpe yet powerfu tec(noo#y for creatin# and

maintainin# dynamic*content web pa#es. 5ased on t(e -ava pro#rammin#

an#ua#e -ava Server Pa#es offers proven portabiity open standards and a

mature re*usabe component mode .'(e -ava Server Pa#es arc(itecture enabes

t(e separation of content #eneration from content presentation. '(is separation

not eases maintenance (eadac(esU it aso aows web team members to focus on

t(eir areas of e"pertise. ow web pa#e desi#ner can concentrate on ayout and

web appication desi#ners on pro#rammin# wit( minima concern about

impactin# eac( ot(er=s wor6.

&eatures of 0SP

Portabilit"4

-ava Server Pa#es fies can be run on any web server or web*enabed

appication server t(at provides support for t(em. %ubbed t(e -SP en#ine


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t(is support invoves reco#nition transation and mana#ement of t(e -ava

Server Pa#e ifecyce and its interaction components.

Components

It was mentioned earier t(at t(e -ava Server Pa#es arc(itecture can incude

reusabe -ava components. '(e arc(itecture aso aows for t(e embeddin# of

a scriptin# an#ua#e directy into t(e -ava Server Pa#es fie. '(e components

current supported incude -ava 5eans and Servets.

Processing

A -ava Server Pa#es fie is essentiay an H')$ document wit( -SP scriptin#

or ta#s. '(e -ava Server Pa#es fie (as a -SP e"tension to t(e server as a

-ava Server Pa#es fie. 5efore t(e pa#e is served t(e -ava Server Pa#es

synta" is parsed and processed into a Servet on t(e server side. '(e Servet

t(at is #enerated outputs rea content in strai#(t H')$ for respondin# to t(e

cient.

Access Models4

A -ava Server Pa#es fie may be accessed in at east two different ways. A

cient=s request comes directy into a -ava Server Pa#e. In t(is scenario

suppose t(e pa#e accesses reusabe -ava 5ean components t(at perform

particuar we*defined computations i6e accessin# a database. '(e resut of

t(e 5eans computations caed resut sets is stored wit(in t(e 5ean as

properties. '(e pa#e uses suc( 5eans to #enerate dynamic content and

present it bac6 to t(e cient.

In bot( of t(e above cases t(e pa#e coud aso contain any vaid -ava code.

-ava Server Pa#es arc(itecture encoura#es separation of content from

presentation.


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Steps in the e$ecution of a 0SP Application4

1. '(e cient sends a request to t(e web server for a -SP fie by #ivin# t(e

name of t(e -SP fie wit(in t(e form ta# of a H')$ pa#e.

2. '(is request is transferred to t(e -avaebServer. At t(e server side

-avaebServer receives t(e request and if it is a request for a 4sp fie

server #ives t(is request to t(e -SP en#ine.

?. -SP en#ine is pro#ram w(ic( can under stands t(e ta#s of t(e 4sp and

t(en it converts t(ose ta#s into a Servet pro#ram and it is stored at t(e

server side. '(is Servet is oaded in t(e memory and t(en it is e"ecuted

and t(e resut is #iven bac6 to t(e -avaebServer and t(en it is

transferred bac6 to t(e resut is #iven bac6 to t(e -avaebServer and

t(en it is transferred bac6 to t(e cient.


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#clipse I#

!cipse is an open*source software framewor6 written primariy in -ava. In its

defaut form it is an Inte#rated %eveopment !nvironment 9I%!; for -ava

deveopers consistin# of t(e -ava %eveopment 'oos 9-%'; and t(e !cipse

Compier for -ava 9!C-;. +sers can e"tend its capabiities by instain# pu#*ins

written for t(e !cipse software framewor6 suc( as deveopment too6its for

ot(er pro#rammin# an#ua#es and can write and contribute t(eir own pu#*in

modues. $an#ua#e pac6s are avaiabe for over a do7en an#ua#es.

Architecture

'(e basis for !cipse is t(e Ric( Cient Patform 9RCP;. '(e foowin# components

constitute t(e ric( cient patform8

OS3i * a standard bundin# framewor6

Core patform * boot !cipse run pu#*ins

t(e Standard id#et 'oo6it 9S'; * a portabe wid#et too6it

-&ace * viewer casses to brin# mode view controer pro#rammin# to

S' fie buffers te"t (andin# te"t editors

'(e !cipse or6benc( * views editors perspectives wi7ards

!cipses wid#ets are impemented by a wid#et too6it for -ava caed S'

uni6e most -ava appications w(ic( use t(e -ava standard Abstract indow

'oo6it 9A'; or Swin#. !cipses user interface aso evera#es an intermediate

3+I ayer caed -&ace w(ic( simpifies t(e construction of appications based on

S'.

!cipse empoys pu#*ins in order to provide a of its functionaity on top of 9and

incudin#; t(e ric( cient patform in contrast to some ot(er appications w(ere

functionaity is typicay (ard coded. '(is pu#*in mec(anism is a i#(twei#(t

software componentry framewor6. In addition to aowin# !cipse to be e"tended

usin# ot(er pro#rammin# an#ua#es suc( as C and Pyt(on t(e pu#*in


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framewor6 aows !cipse to wor6 wit( typesettin# an#ua#es i6e $a'e/

networ6in# appications suc( as tenet and database mana#ement systems. '(e

pu#*in arc(itecture supports writin# any desired e"tension to t(e environment

suc( as for confi#uration mana#ement. -ava and CES support is provided in t(e

!cipse S%@.

'(e 6ey to t(e seamess inte#ration of toos wit( !cipse is t(e pu#in. it( t(e

e"ception of a sma run*time 6erne everyt(in# in !cipse is a pu#*in. '(is

means t(at a pu#*in you deveop inte#rates wit( !cipse in e"acty t(e same

way as ot(er pu#*insU in t(is respect a features are created equa.

'(e !cipse S%@ incudes t(e !cipse -ava %eveopment 'oos offerin# an I%!

wit( a buit*in incrementa -ava compier and a fu mode of t(e -ava sourcefies. '(is aows for advanced refactorin# tec(niques and code anaysis. '(e I%!

aso ma6es use of a wor6space in t(is case a set of metadata over a fat

fiespace aowin# e"terna fie modifications as on# as t(e correspondin#

wor6space resource is refres(ed afterwards. '(e Eisua !ditor pro4ect aows

interfaces to be created interactivey (ence aowin# !cipse to be used as a

RA% too.

'(e foowin# is a ist of notabe pro4ects and pu#ins for t(e !cipse I%!.

'(ese pro4ects are maintained by t(e !cipse community and (osted by t(e

!cipse &oundation.

1. Core pro4ects

Ric( Cient Patform 9Patform; is t(e core framewor6 t(at a ot(er !cipse

pro4ects are buit on.

-ava %eveopment 'oos 9-%'; provides support for core -ava S!. '(is incudes a

standaone fast incrementa compier.


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'oos pro4ects

C0CXX %eveopment 'oos 9C%'; adds support for C0CXX synta" (i#(i#(tin#

code formattin# debu##er inte#ration and pro4ect structures. +ni6e t(e -%'

pro4ect t(e C%' pro4ect does not add a compier and reies on an e"terna too

c(ain.

3rap(ica !ditin# &ramewor6 93!&; aows deveopers to buid standaone

#rap(ica toos. !"ampe use incude circuit dia#ram desi#n toos activity

dia#ram editors and MSIM3 document editors.

eb pro4ects

-2!! Standard 'oos 9-S'; e"tends t(e core -%' to incude support for -ava !!

pro4ects. '(is incudes !-5s -SPs and Servets.

PHP %eveopment 'oos 9P%';

eb Standard 'oos 9S'; adds standards compiant web deveopment toos.

'(ese toos incude editors for /)$ H')$ and CSS.

Modelling pro8ects

!cipse )odein# &ramewor6 9!)&; a modein# framewor6 and code #eneration

faciity for buidin# toos and ot(er appications based on a structured data

mode from a mode specification described in /)I.

3rap(ica )odein# &ramewor6 93)&; is a #enerative component and runtime

infrastructure for deveopin# #rap(ica editors based on !)& and 3!&.

Ot(er pro4ects

'est and Performance 'oos Patform 9'P'P; w(ic( provides a patform t(at

aows software deveopers to buid test and performance toos suc( as

debu##ers profiers and benc(mar6in# appications.

5usiness Intei#ence and Reportin# 'oos Pro4ect 95IR'; an !cipse*based open

source reportin# system for web appications especiay t(ose based on -ava !!.


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Applications Server

An appication server is a software en#ine t(at deivers appications to cient

computers or devices typicay t(rou#( t(e Internet and usin# t(e Hyperte"t

'ransfer Protoco. Appication servers are distin#uis(ed from web servers by t(e

e"tensive use of server*side dynamic content and frequent inte#ration wit(

datab

Documents

CRM for Mobile Service Provider