Integrated Land Ecosystem -Atmosphere Processes Study

Cross-disciplinary international research on land-atmosphere

interactions

Land-Cover/Land-Use Change Processes in Monsoon Asia Region, 12-17 January 2009

Anni Reissell, Marjut NymaniLEAPS IPO, University of Helsinki, Finland

Outline1. General on iLEAPS

2. Monsoon Asia, South East Asia ↨

iLEAPS

3. Examples of researchLand cover mapsExchange measurementsLand use - climateAerosol - climate

4. iLEAPS Science Conferenceand iLEAPS Early Career Scientist WorkshopMelbourne, Australia, August 2009

1. General on iLEAPS

What is iLEAPS?iLEAPS is the land -atmosphere interface reseach project of the International Geosphere - Biosphere Programme (IGBP).

The objective is to study how interacting physical, chemical and biological processes transport and transform energy and matter through the land-atmosphere interface.

iLEAPS is a multi- and cross-disciplinary international research program aimed at improved understanding of processes, linkages and feedbacks in the land-atmosphere interface affecting the Earth System.

iLEAPS facilitates scientific collaboration as well as synthesis and distribution of results to scientific, politic and public audiences, especially in developing countries.

iLEAPS vision

• Multiple scalars, interactions and feedbacks• Process-based understanding• Broad variety of temporal and spatial scales• Measurements integrated with modelling• Regional as well as global scientific consequence• Across traditional scientific and organizational boundaries• International, open to participants from all countries and

organizations• Participants selected based on scientific contribution• Public data access• Capacity building component

iLEAPS research guidelines

• Multiple scalars, interactions and feedbacks• Process-based understanding• Broad variety of temporal and spatial scales• Measurements integrated with modelling• Regional as well as global scientific consequence• Across traditional scientific and organizational boundaries• International, open to participants from all countries and

organizations• Participants selected based on scientific contribution• Public data access• Capacity building component

iLEAPS research guidelines

Biology, chemistry, physics, meteorology, micrometeorology, forest ecology, mathematics, computing….

Social science and natural science will be combined especially in developing countries, for example in relation to land use

www.ileaps.org

√ Science Plan (also in Chinese) √ Website√ Email bulletin, quarterly√ Email alert√ Newsletter, biannual√ Flyers√ Posters√ PowerPoint presentations√ Press releases√ Media interviews√ Workshops√ Summer school√ Science Conferences√ People database√ Research articles√ Journal special issues

Synthesis papersSynthesis book

iLEAPS products

Land-climate interactionswithin the Earth System

IPCC 2007

figure from Foley (2003)

Forest grassForest grass

Foley (2003)

Land-atmosphere exchange of reactive and conservative compounds: Key feedbacks in the Earth System

Science Foci

Interactions and feedbacks between biogenic/ anthropogenic aerosol production, cloud processes, climate and the water cycle

Surface-atmosphere exchanges and the self-cleansing mechanism of the atmosphere

Feedbacks and teleconnections in the land surface -vegetation -water - atmosphere system

Transfer of materials and energy in the soil/canopy/boundary-layer system: Measurements and Modelling

Focus 1

Focus 2

Focus 3

Focus 4

iLEAPS recognized activities

African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses

Fire-Land-Atmosphere Regional Ecosystem Studies

Inter-American Network for Atmospheric/Biospheric

Studies

Land Ecosystem-Atmosphere Reactive Nitrogen

Volatile Organic Compounds in the Biosphere-Atmosphere System

An International Network MeasuringTerrestrial Carbon, Water andEnergy Fluxes Across Daily toInter-Annual Time Scales

FIRE TaskIGBP X-ProjectIntegrated fire researchactivity

iLEAPS recognized activities

Northern Eurasia Earth Science Partnership Initiative

Isotopes in the Project for Intercomparison of Land-surface Parameterization Schemes

Polar Study using Aircraft, Remote Sensing, Surface Measurements and Models, of Climate, Chemistry, Aerosols, and Transport

iLEAPS/GEIA INITIATIVEvegetation dynamics-BVOC interactions, GDVM

LUCIDLand-use and climate

Aerosol-Climate-Air QualityInteractions

WATCHWater and Global Change

ACPCAerosol, Cloud, Precipitation, Climate

2. Monsoon Asia, South East Asia ↔ iLEAPS

• Water• Land use/land cover change• Biogeochemistry, biogeophysics

– processes, cycles, feedbacks, climate forcing• Flux measurements, integrative monitoring• Urbanization• Fire• Aerosol (dust, black carbon)– climate interactions• ACPC, AMMA, Fire X-Project, Fluxnet, WATCH…

3. Examples of research

Land cover maps

Identifying and quantifying uncertainty and spatialdisagreement in the comparison of Global Land Cover for

different applications

From Steffen Fritz, IIASAEGU April 2008

• A methodology was presented which allows the comparison of land cover maps with different legend classes

• In case the classes overlap, but their definitions differ, there is a high degree of uncertainty

• By producing hotspot maps for the different applications it is possible to locate areas of high disagreement / the place where it is worth looking

• Currently there is still high disagreement between global land cover maps

• Using ancillary maps and higher resolution satellite data it is possible to decide which map is better at a particular location and to produce an application specific hybrid map

• Surface exchange (flux) measurements

• Boundary layer budjets• Aircraft-based measurements• Remote sensing• Water/energy, GHG, aerosols

etc.

Land-atmosphere fluxes key component of our understanding how the Earth-and Climate System function in the past, present and in future

Advancement of process understanding and modeling of land-atmosphere exchanges over last two decades

Exchange measurements

• Surface flux measurements• Boundary layer budjets• Aircraft-based measurements• Remote sensing

-180 -150 -120 -90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150 180Longitude

-90

-75

-60

-45

-30

-15

0

15

30

45

60

75

90

Latit

ude

FLUXNET 2007

• Surface flux measurements• Boundary layer budjets• Aircraft-based measurements• Remote sensing

-180 -150 -120 -90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150 180Longitude

-90

-75

-60

-45

-30

-15

0

15

30

45

60

75

90

Latit

ude

FLUXNET 2007

Value of Flux NetworksProduces large and long data sets

Study gradient of climates, structure and function

Comprehensive (tower based) flux monitoring networks, better integrated research studies

Advancement of process understanding and modeling of land-atmosphere exchanges over last two decades.

Use of surface flux information in regional and global climate models to parameterize, schemes

Numerical weather prediction centers to use surface flux data to improve their parameterizations and seasonal forecasting skills.

Space based global observing communities (GOS) dialogue with terrestrial observing communities (GTOS, IGOS-P Carbon, ..)

Seneviratne et al. 2006, Nature

Correlation (temperature, evapotranspiration)

Coupling with temperature

Coupling with precipitation

Koster et al., 2004, Science; Koster et al. 2006, JHM

Global Land-Atmosphere Coupling Experiment /GLACE, 12 global climate models, summer 1994

IPCC simulations: ECHAM5, GFDL, HadGEM1;summers 1970-1989

Land-atmosphere couplingImpact of soil moisture on precipitation and temperature

Seneviratne et al. 2006, Nature

Correlation (temperature, evapotranspiration)

Land-atmosphere couplingImpact of soil moisture on precipitation and temperature

Coupling with temperature

Coupling with precipitation

Koster et al., 2004, Science; Koster et al. 2006, JHM

Global Land-Atmosphere Coupling Experiment /GLACE, 12 global climate models, summer 1994

IPCC simulations: ECHAM5, GFDL, HadGEM1;summers 1970-1989

Strong coupling intransitional zones betweendry and wet climates

Seneviratne et al. 2006, Nature

Correlation (temperature, evapotranspiration)

Land-atmosphere couplingImpact of soil moisture on precipitation and temperature

Coupling with temperature

Coupling with precipitation

Koster et al., 2004, Science; Koster et al. 2006, JHM

Global Land-Atmosphere Coupling Experiment /GLACE, 12 global climate models, summer 1994

IPCC simulations: ECHAM5, GFDL, HadGEM1;summers 1970-1989

-180 -150 -120 -90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150 180Longitude

-90

-75

-60

-45

-30

-15

0

15

30

45

60

75

90

FLUXNET 2007

Lack in observations,validation of models

Natalie de Noblet-Ducoudré, Andy Pitman

-Objective to identify and quantify the impacts of land-use induced land-cover changes on the evolution of climate between the pre-industrial epoch and present-day

Scenarios of land-cover change important because humans have profoundlymodified the landscape and will continue to do so

Global, coupled, fixed SSTs, multiple realizationsLinks to AIMES and C4MIP and C20C At least four groups: NCAR, IPSL, CSIRO, CNRM (1870 to present crop map, with natural vegetation) Use a statistical rigorous experimental designHow much of the (a) global and (b) regionally observed changes can be robustly explained by land cover?

LUCIDLand-use and Climate, IDentification of robust impacts

Temperature – JJAdifference between present day and preindustrial

crop map to parameterization map

Precipitation – JJAdifference between present day and preindustrial

No common responses that are regionally significant

A suite of classic apparent teleconnection patterns – but they are not common across the models

The relative impact of LCC appears small compared to increased CO2

Precipitation – JJAdifference between present day and preindustrial

Land surface properties and atmospheric aerosol particles → precipitation processes → thermodynamic and radiative energy budgets of the Earth

The aerosol-cloud-precipitation-climate issue cuts across many projects → activity for IGBP-WCRP

The effect of aerosols on precipitation and climate: high uncertainty

Aerosol physicis and chemistry, cloud microphysics, cloud dynamics…

Andi Andreae, Bjorn Stevens

Aerosol-cloud-precipitation-climate (ACPC) interactions

Which datasets are presently available that can be used to corroborate model calculations?

What work needs to be done to make these datasets comparable?

What processes in global models need the most work (e.g., convection schemes, aerosol/cloud interactions, …)?

What additional data must be acquired, and what are the most promising strategies to obtain them?

Aerosol-cloud-precipitation-climate

Aerosol-cloud-precipitation-climate (ACPC) interactions

Aerosol-cloud-precipitation-climate (ACPC) interactions

New conceptual model presented.

Due to anthropogenic aerosol particles, the slowing rate of evolution of rain drops delays the precipitation of the cloud water, more water is transported to higher altitudes where the condensed water can form ice particles.

These particles release heat aloft and reabsorb heat at lower levels where they melt after falling. Model simulations suggest that this delay of early rain causes greater amounts of cloud water and rain intensities later in the life cycle of the cloud. Greater cooling below and heating above leads to enhanced upward heat transport.

Greater heating in the troposphere enhances the atmospheric circulation system.

4. iLEAPS Science ConferenceiLEAPS Early Career Scientist Conference

Science conf 24-28 August 2009

ECS conf 21-22 August 2009

Melbourne, Australia

Parallel confs with Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX/WCRP)

Joint sessions 1. Land in the climate system

2. Aerosol, cloud, precipitation, climate interactions

3. Future generation of integrated observation and modeling systems

1) Surface exchange processes from leaf-level to Earth System scale

2) Progress in land-atmosphere interactions and climate change3) The role of atmospheric boundary layer processes in

modulating surface exchanges4) Aerosols from the land surface and their interactions with the

climate system

iLEAPS Early Career Scientist Conference 21-22 Aug

1) Biogechemical cycles and water cycle – interaction, processes, feedbacks

2) Land-ocean interface - the coastal zone3) Physical-social sciences alliance4) Science-to-applications transition5) Local-to-regional-to-global interface (upscaling/downscaling

issues)6) Data-model assimilation7) Multiple data streams, model-data fusion in remote sensing

iLEAPS Science Conference: Sessions

1) Surface exchange processes from leaf-level to Earth System scale

2) Progress in land-atmosphere interactions and climate change3) The role of atmospheric boundary layer processes in

modulating surface exchanges4) Aerosols from the land surface and their interactions with the

climate system

iLEAPS Early Career Scientist Conference

1) Biogechemical cycles and water cycle – interaction, processes, feedbacks

2) Land-ocean interface - the coastal zone3) Physical-social sciences alliance4) Science-to-applications transition5) Local-to-regional-to-global interface (upscaling/downscaling

issues)6) Data-model assimilation7) Multiple data streams, model-data fusion in remote sensing

iLEAPS Science Conference: Sessions

1) Surface exchange processes from leaf-level to Earth System scale

2) Progress in land-atmosphere interactions and climate change3) The role of atmospheric boundary layer processes in

modulating surface exchanges4) Aerosols from the land surface and their interactions with the

climate system

iLEAPS Early Career Scientist Conference

1) Biogechemical cycles and water cycle – interaction, processes, feedbacks

2) Land-ocean interface - the coastal zone3) Physical-social sciences alliance4) Science-to-applications transition5) Local-to-regional-to-global interface (upscaling/downscaling

issues)6) Data-model assimilation7) Multiple data streams, model-data fusion in remote sensing

iLEAPS Science Conference: Sessions

We welcome Monsoon Asia area participation in iLEAPS and in Melbourne events!

Abstract submission by 15 March

1) Surface exchange processes from leaf-level to Earth System scale

2) Progress in land-atmosphere interactions and climate change3) The role of atmospheric boundary layer processes in

modulating surface exchanges4) Aerosols from the land surface and their interactions with the

climate system

iLEAPS Early Career Scientist Conference

1) Biogechemical cycles and water cycle – interaction, processes, feedbacks

2) Land-ocean interface - the coastal zone3) Physical-social sciences alliance4) Science-to-applications transition5) Local-to-regional-to-global interface (upscaling/downscaling

issues)6) Data-model assimilation7) Multiple data streams, model-data fusion in remote sensing

iLEAPS Science Conference: Sessions

THANK YOU!