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Cryptosporidiosis is also known as
crypto, is a parasitic disease
caused by Cryptosporodium,
a protozoan parasite of the
tribe Apiocomplexa.
The symptoms manifests itself from two to ten days after infection, with an average of seven days and can last up to two weeks, or in some cases up to a month. Other symptoms include nausea, vomiting and dehydration. The individuals who are asytomatiska (have no symptoms) are still infectious and can therefore transmit the infection to others. Even after symptoms have finally subsided, an individual remains infectious for a few weeks.
When Cryptosporidium spreads beyond the intestine, especially in patients with AIDS, it can reach the lungs, middle ear, pancreas and stomach.The parasite can also infect the biliary tract.
Cryptosporidiosis occurs worldwide. It causes 50.8% of the water-borne diseases attributed to parasites
1987 was 13,000 people in Carrolton,
Georgia, ill with cryptosporidiosis. This
was the first report on the spread of a
municipal water systems that met all
state and federal standards for drinking
water.
In March 2007, there were a suspected
outbreak in Galway, Ireland. The source for
much of the region, Lough Corrib, was
suspected of being infected by the parasite.
The population of 90,000 people, including
areas for both Galway city and surrounding
counties were advised to boil water before
drinking, cooking and brushing teeth. On 21
March 2007 confirmed that the city and the
county's water supply was contaminated by
the parasite. Area's water supply finally got an
approval on 20 August, five months after the
Cryptospridum first detected. Approximately
240 known cases of disease-bearing persons
were reported, but according to experts, the
real figure would have been right up to 5000.
In November 2010 reported 4500 cases
of cryptosporidiosis in Ostersund. The
source of contamination is tap water.
Based on the number of cases,
estimates the local authorities, the total
number affected to between 3000-9000
people.
Cryptosporidium is highly resistant to klordesinfiktion, Cryptosporidium is highly resistant to klordesinfiktion, with enough high concentrations and contact time, with enough high concentrations and contact time, disabled Cryptosporidium by chlorine dioxide and ozone disabled Cryptosporidium by chlorine dioxide and ozone treatment. The the required levels of chlorine normally treatment. The the required levels of chlorine normally preclude the use of chlorine disinfection as a reliable preclude the use of chlorine disinfection as a reliable method to control Cryptosporidium in drinking water. method to control Cryptosporidium in drinking water. Ultraviolet (UV) light treatment at relatively low doses Ultraviolet (UV) light treatment at relatively low doses inactivate Cryptosporidium. Water Research Foundation-inactivate Cryptosporidium. Water Research Foundation-paid research discovered the original UV's ability to paid research discovered the original UV's ability to inactivate Cryptosporidium.inactivate Cryptosporidium.
In year 2000 came the first wave of
cryptosporidium in Sweden's history. In
Ostersund they found the parasite
Cryptosporidium in the water and then they
had to boil their water for about 3 months before the problem
was fixt. The year 2011 it was skellefteå who
got to be the other city in swedens history to
experienced the cryptosporidium
parasite, it took about one-two months for
skellefteå to get their water purified.