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Culture & Culture & LifestylesLifestylesEast & Southeast Asia
(27.3 & 30.3)
LanguageLanguage• Major languages:
– Tibetan, Chinese, Japanese, Korean
– Han Chinese• Mandarin is official
lang., Cantonese 2nd
• Ideograms instead of letters (stand alone or combination = diff. meaning. ~6,000 for everyday use)
• *Pitch and tone are impt.
• Lang families:– Malayo-Polynesian,
Sino-Tibetan, Mon-Khmer (100s of diff. languages)
– Blends with migrant/colonizing nations
• Philippines= Filipino, English, & Spanish
• Vietnam= Vietnamese, Chinese, French, Eng.
LanguageLanguage• Japan’s has been
more isolated than Korea’s– Ties to Korea & Mong.– Both writing systems
based on Chinese (kanji- 2,000 for everyday use)
• Trade also has impact– Singapore= Chinese,
Tamil, Malay, English– English often lang. of
business/daily life
ReligionReligion• Buddhism,
Christianity, Islam all prac. here– Some also prac. local
religion (Shintoism, Shamanism)
• Confucianism & Daoism are philosophies practiced like religions
• Nearly all of world’s religions found here– Buddhism & Islam are
top– Roman Catholic,
Hinduism, Confucianism & Daoism as well
– Vietnam blends rel. together to make their own
ReligionReligion• Religion discouraged by communist
govn’ts– Persecute Buddhist monks/lamas– Oppression on Buddhist population– Exiled Dalai Lama– People must worship/ hold on to faiths
almost in secret
• With fall of USSR, Mongolia moved to democracy, now worships freely
ReligionReligion• Confucianism: 551-479 BC
– Confucius lived during social upheaval frustrated with govt
– Created social & ethical philosophy• All relationships involve defined roles & mutual
obligations • Valued order, continuity, social cohesion above
personal gain• Education is key in position in society (wisdom
& desire for learning define ideal leaders)
ReligionReligion
• Confucianism cont’d– Ethical/ Virtue based
• Ruler accountable for ppl (drought, war)– Loses Mandate of Heaven
• Respect elders, loyalty to govt, keep one’s place in society
• Inner part: treat each other with love, respect, and consideration for the needs of all
ReligionReligion• Taoism (Daoism): 604-531 BC
– Founded by Laozi*• means “The Way”
– Oneness w/ humanity & nature– Values simplicity, spontaneity, tranquility
• Against competition & possession
– Yin/Yang: balance of opposing forces• yin- feminine, passive, moon, water, clouds• yang- masculine, active, sun, fire, dragons
ReligionReligion• Shamanism:
– Faith in leaders with powers to heal the sick and speak with spirits
• Shintoism:– Japan’s former state religion– Polytheistic, animism (nature spirits- kami)– Emphasis on this world, not preparing for after-life– Many shrines, collection of rituals to connect human
life with nature
The ArtsThe Arts• Greatly inspired by
religions
• Communists tried to erase, but was revived
• Poetry- harmony of humans w/ nature– The Tale of Genji (Japan)
– Haikus (Japan)
• Adapted from Indian & Chinese styles, and religions
• See both pagodas and Indian wats
Wat in Phnom Penh
The ArtsThe Arts• Music typically of wind,
string, and percussion instruments
• Kabuki vs. Noh drama• Calligraphy• Origami• Fine china (dishes)• Pagodas-
– Curved tileroofs
shakuhachi
The ArtsThe Arts• Lacquerware & batik
– Time & dedication
• Arjunavivaha is modified from Mahabarata (fits SE Asia)
• Legong is dance of Bali to reenact Ramayana
• Leng Trot= rain dance in Cambodia
Kuala Lumpur (KLCC)
The ArtsThe Arts• Foot binding: 900s to early 1900s
– Desire to have small, slender feet• Golden Lotus (size), Lotus Gait (style of walk)
– Many outlawed it (Communists, Manchus)
• End up being a sore spot b/w Han & Manchu
– Almost 100% of wealthy had it done (at young age)
– Can cause infections, gangrene; but some can still walk, work, even dance
Living ConditionsLiving Conditions• Late 1900s brought economic recovery
– Taiwan, Japan*, S. Korea best off (still have gaps b/w classes)• Japan saw downturn in late 90s huge layoffs,
bankrupt companies ppl scared to spend bad for housing industry
• Less focus on job security for wkrs, more on profit
– China has one lowest GDPs (esp. in rural areas)
• Deng Xiaoping began allowing free enterprise, foreign investment flooded into SEZs
SEZs in ChinaSEZs in China
Living ConditionsLiving Conditions• Lots of $ spent on
education– Free elementary for
most– Very high lit. rates in J,
SK, T, & NK– China’s Cult. Rev.
slowed growth– SK and Taiwan push
educ. more than most
• Singapore’s GDP comparable to US– Others are much
lower
• Lit. rates are rising, but vary in each country (Thailand is highest @ 95, Laos lowest @ 57)
Living ConditionsLiving Conditions• Life exp. around 70-74• Communist govts pay for
health care– No longer promised in
China (widening gap)
• Mixture of Western & Eastern meds (herbal, acupuncture)
• Health care varies widely (Singapore highest @ 78, Laos lowest @ 52)
• Rapid urban growth (high-rises, housing projects)– Still many live in sm.
Villages– longhouses
Living ConditionsLiving Conditions• Diet: lots of staples
(rice, wheat), vegetables, and fish– Beef, chicken, dairy
just now becoming popular
• Martial arts, table tennis, gymnastics, swimming (Olympics)
• Various New Year’s (lunar, not solar)
• Diet: raise themselves, many spices/sauces added– Curry, coconut milk
• Chinlon (Myan.), silat (Indo.), kickboxing (Thai.)
• Lunar New Year’s too– Vietnam = Tet