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Culvert Repair Best Practices,
Specifications and Special Provisions
Best Practices Guidelines Bruce Wagener, PEEric Leagjeld, PE
Goals
• Provide guidance to MnDOT engineers in making better decisions on culvert repairs
• Provide guidelines, Special Provisions and Standard Details that will standardize practices and increase effectiveness and longevity of repairs
Focus
Trenchless rehabilitation or repair of CMP and RCP culverts from 24 to 72
inches in diameter
Outline
• Overview of rehabilitation, repair, and replacement
• Describe project tasks• Walk through the Guidelines
document• Special Provisions and Standard
Details prepared
Definitions• Trenchless: Repair or rehabilitation that does
not involve excavating the roadway
• Rehabilitation: The existing culvert pipe is returned to its initial condition or better
• Repair: A maintenance activity that keeps the existing culvert in a uniformly good safe condition
• Replace: Removal or abandonment of the existing culvert by open cut or trenchless methods
Project Tasks• Task A—Survey MnDOT, cities, counties, and
contractors• Task B—Survey of other state’s DOT’s• Task C—Research Synthesis: Literature review of
information provided in SP&R Work Plan, Tasks A and B, and other sources
• Task D—Best Practices Guidelines, Special Provisions, and Standard Details
• Task E—Feasibility Study: Recommendations for evaluating culvert rehabilitation and repair methods
• Best Practices Guidelines
• Special Provisions• Standard Details
Best Practices Guidelines
1. Introduction2. Culvert Repair Process3. Preparation for Rehabilitation or Repair4. Culvert Rehabilitation Methods5. Culvert Repair Methods6. Replacement using Open Cut7. Replacement using Trenchless Methods
2. Culvert Repair Process
• Identify the Problem• Determine the Cause(s) of Deterioration• Evaluate the Structural Condition• Evaluate the Hydraulic Condition• Evaluate Repair, Rehabilitation, and Replacement
Options• Implement the Design• Maintain the Repairs
Rigid vs. Flexible Pipes
• Rigid Pipe: Substantially self-supporting and relies on the surrounding soil for only a small fraction of its overall strength. (RCP)
• Flexible Pipe: Designed using soil structure interaction, where the majority of the pipe’s strength is derived from the quality of the backfill soils and compaction. (CMP, PVC, HDPE and fiberglass)
Repair, Rehabilitation, and Replacement Options
• Inspect• Repair• Rehabilitate• Replace
Repair and Rehabilitation Method Guidance
• Recommendations from suppliers, fabricators, or specialists
• HydInfra suggested repairs reports and flow charts
• FHWA Culvert Assessment and Decision-Making Procedures Manual
• FHWA Hydraulics Toolbox• Caltrans Supplement to FHWA Culvert Repair
Practices Manual
HydInfra Suggested Repair Methods
3. Preparation for Repair or Rehabilitation
• Environmental protection• Flow diversion• Infiltration control• Cleaning• Checking culvert clearance• Other preparatory work• Safety
4. Rehabilitation Methods
• Paved invert• Cured-in-place pipe liner (CIPP)• Sliplining• Centrifugally cast concrete mortar
liner• Spirally wound liners• Close-fit liners• Shotcrete
Paved Invert
• Use in CMP or RCP• Cast-in-place
concrete• Welded wire fabric
(WWF) or rebar reinforcing
• Anchored to existing culvert
Cured in Place• Felt tube saturated with resin• Pull in place or inverted• Polyester or vinyl ester resins• Epoxy resins for special
conditions• Generally not bonded to
culvert
Sliplining
Centrifugally Cast Liner
• Cementitious or other material applied by an electric or air-powered rotating head
• Usually applied to CMP• Thickness controlled
by speed that the machine is pulled through the culvert
• Cementitious mortars discussed in Guidelines
Spirally Wound Liners
Close Fit Liners
Shotcrete Liners
Placement of invert Completed liner
5. Repair methods
• Spall repair• Joint repair methods• Filling voids outside the culvert• Joint sealing with internal packers• CMP seam repair• Invert plating• Sprayed coatings and linings• Slab jacking• Compaction grouting
Spall Repair
• Repair spalls of concrete due to movement, freeze/thaw, structural distress, deicing materials, etc
• Personnel entry required• Similar to paved inverts
Joint Repair
• Fix infiltration and exfiltration at joints to prevent ground loss and surface settlement
• Infiltration can lead to culvert deformation if soil support is lost
• Guidelines discuss personnel entry joint repairs
• Remote repairs are also possible
Void Filling outside Culvert• Voids can develop due
to piping, joint infiltration, and invert erosion
• Special Provisions specify lightweight cellular or rigid foam hydrophobic urethane grout
Other Culvert Repair Methods
• Joint sealing with internal packers• CMP seam repair• Invert plating• Sprayed coatings• Slab jacking• Compaction grouting• Resetting and retying end sections
Other Important Features and Repairs
• Energy dissipators• Trash rack maintenance• Inlet and outlet protection• Aprons/cutoff walls
6. Replacement of Culvert Using Open Cut Methods
• Drainage Manual• Standard Specifications and Special
Provisions• Standard Plates• Other MnDOT manuals
7. Replacement of Culvert Using Trenchless Methods
• Conventional tunneling• Pipe jacking–Microtunneling– Auger boring
• Pipe ramming• Pipe bursting
Rehabilitation Special Provisions and Standard Details
Method Special Provision Name Standard Detail NamePaved invert Paving Culvert Invert 3X02 Paved Invert Repair - Corrugated Metal Pipe
3X03 Paved Invert Repair - Reinforced Concrete Pipe
Cured-in-place pipe (CIPP)
Cured-in-Place Pipe Lining 3X06 Cured-in-Place pipe Liner - Corrugated Metal Pipe3X07 Cured-in-Place Pipe Liner - Reinforced Concrete Pipe
Sliplining culvert pipe
Sliplining Culvert PipeGrout Culvert Liner
3X04 Sliplining Culvert - Corrugated Metal Pipe3X04A Sliplining Culvert - Corrugated Metal Pipe 3X05 Sliplining Culvert - Reinforced Concrete Pipe3X05A Sliplining Culvert - Reinforced Concrete Pipe
Centrifugally cast liner
Centrifugally Cast Culvert Lining
Repair Special Provisions and Standard Details
Method Special Provision Name Standard Detail Name
Spall repair Culvert Patching 3X03 Paved Invert Repair
Joint repair Repair Culvert Joint 3X01 Pipe Joint Sealing - Reinforced Concrete Pipe
Void filling outside the culvert
Filling Voids Outside of Culverts
3X08 Culvert Void filling Detail - CSP and RCP Culverts
Special Provisions and Standard Details
Available by request from:Lisa Sayler
MnDOT Bridge Office Hydraulics 3485 Hadley Ave
Oakdale, MN 55128 Phone: 651-366-4468
Email: [email protected]
Questions?