Current and Future Trends in Hybrid Cellular and Sensor ...docbox.etsi.org/.../LIU_HUAWEI_HybridCellularandsensornetwork.pdf · in Hybrid Cellular and Sensor Networks HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES

2010-10-19

Current and Future Trends in Hybrid Cellular and

Sensor Networks

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

www.huawei.com

ETSI TC M2M Workshop

19 - 20 October 2010, Sophia Antipolis, France

Yongjun Liu, Bin Zhen, Yong Xu, Hui Yang, Betty Zhao [email protected]

Contents

� M2M applications � Two types of applications

� Examples: smart energy, automotive services

� Hybrid Cellular and Sensor Network (HCSN)

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 2

� Hybrid Cellular and Sensor Network (HCSN) � M2M architecture

� Four modes of HCSN architectures

� More discussions on gateway mode and relay mode for example

� Conclusions

M2M Applications

� Two categories M2M applications

Type I: general concerns Type II: stringent QoS requirements� Main challenge: very large amount of devices

� Main challenge: higher QoS than current cellular provision


Smart home

e-commerce

eReader

Automotive services

mHealth

Plant control

Smart energy

Power line monitoring

Transformer monitoring and control

Smart Energy

� Thousands to tens of thousands devices/cell� Aggregators help to decrease system cost

and traffic/signaling burden� Not very high QoS requirements usually� Low power: no mains power in some cases,

e.g. gas metering, water metering

Operator network


Smart meteringHome automationLoad controlDemand response

Automotive Services� Plenty of usages provided by automotive

services

� In vehicle: in-car environment monitoring and ctrl;

entertainments

� V2V: crash avoiding; inter-car communication

� V2R: broadcast info; emergency call


� Stringent latency requirement in some cases

Operator network

1

4 5 6

2 3

OnBoard Unit

1. Antenna

2. Mobile Router

3. Vehicle Host

4. Vehicle Gateway

5. Sensor

6. ECU

1-7

1. Antenna

2. Sensor

3. VMS

4. Road side Gateway

5. Access Router

Road Side Unit

6. Road side Host

7. Border Router

V2R Interface (DSRC, e.g. WiFi)

V2V Interface (DSRC, e.g. WiFi)

M2M System Architecture

Cellular network: • remote connection

• large capacity

• large coverage

• high quality


• high quality

WSN (Wireless Sensor Network):• local connection

• low power

• low cost

• ad hoc

Cellular network and WSN: co-existence → cooperation → convergence

Hybrid Cellular and Sensor Network (HCSN)

� Necessity� Complementary: WSN-low cost, low energy, ad hoc, cooperative sensing;

Cellular-remote connection, large and smart pipe� New commercial model: WSN brings out lots of new services, e.g. mHealth,

intelligent transportation, Smart home…� Management requirements: strong capabilities in security and network

management for Cellular network

Feasibility


� Feasibility� Key technologies maturating: gateway, platform, uniform system design� Standardization:

� Standards for whole system architecture: ETSI M2M, CCSA TC 10…� More and more liaisons among standard organizations

� Four modes � Gateway mode, Dual radio mode, Direct connection mode, Relay mode

HCSN: gateway mode

� Cellular and WSN are connected by dual radio Gateway(s)

� One side is shielded by gateway from the other side

� WSN based on unlicensed frequency bands

� Least modification to Cellular or WSN

Operator network


WSN� No direct mgmt for WSN. WSN can

be managed on application layer� Hard to control interference to the

WSN, so no strict end to end QoS

Cellular link

WSN link

HCSN: dual radio mode

� Each node is equipped with dual radio for Cellular and WSN

� Each terminal can be seen by the Cellular

� WSN based on unlicensed frequency bands

� Direct ctrl and mgmt for terminals

Operator network


� Multiple routes for service data: through direct cellular connection or through WSN

Cellular link

WSN link

HCSN: direct connection mode

� Each WSN node directly connects to the cellular network

� Local direct connections between WSN nodes may not exist

� All nodes are based on the licensed frequency bands

� End to end QoS is assured by cellular network

Operator network


cellular network� Directly ctrl and mgmt for terminals� Air interface may require

improvement between cellular BS and WSN node (concerning large amount of connections and decreasing the cost and power consumption)

Cellular based WSN link

HCSN: relay mode

� Cellular and WSN are connected by relay node(s)

� Both sides can be seen by the other side

� WSN can be based on licensed frequency bands

� Easy to assure end to end QoS and control interference

Operator network


control interference� Easy directly ctrl and mgmt for

terminals� Low power and low cost can be

easier achieved� New air interface may be required

between relay node and WSN node or cellular BS in some scenarios

Cellular based WSN link

HCSN: PROs and CONs Summary

Gateway Dual radioDirect

connectionRelay

System change

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★

End to end ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★


More “★” is better

End to end QoS

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★

Direct ctrl &mgmt

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★

Low powerLow cost

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★

More Discussions on Gateway Mode HCSN

� Traffic model for aggregator� Gateway schedules and shape traffic in both sides. Its behaviors should be

considered in network optimization

� Adaptation between Cellular link and WSN link� Appropriate cellular link for gateway to match the WSN link� Data scheduling may be affected by sleeping WSN nodes

Interference mitigation


� Interference mitigation� Interference between cellular and WSN due to out of band emission and

imperfect filter. E.g. TDD band 40 (2.3~2.4GHz) and 2.4GHz ISM band (2.4~2.4835GHz)

� IP-based WSN should be considered� From the cellular side, gateway can be seen as a terminal carrying multiple

IPs

� Service enabler and middleware� May need a common agreement on application level mgmt: security,

devices mgmt, services mgmt

More Discussions on Relay Mode HCSN

� Lower system cost� Uniform RF, baseband and higher layer air interface design consideration

for both cellular side and WSN side

� Resource coordination� Uniform time and frequency resource arrangement between cellular

network and WSN� Multi-hop time synchronization


� Multi-hop time synchronization

� New signaling for WSN nodes� WSN mgmt and ctrl within cellular network layer (e.g. NAS signaling for

WSN)

� End to end QoS Assurance� For multi-hop route� Route (re-)selection

Conclusion

� Two types of M2M applications� Type I: main challenge is large amount of devices� Type II: main challenge is higher QoS than current cellular network

provision

� HCSN for M2M� M2M applications call for convergence of Cellular and WSN


� M2M applications call for convergence of Cellular and WSN� Four architecture modes are analyzed, and each is suitable for

some types of applications

Thank youwww.huawei.com

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Current and Future Trends in Hybrid Cellular and Sensor ...docbox.etsi.org/.../LIU_HUAWEI_HybridCellularandsensornetwork.pdf · in Hybrid Cellular and Sensor Networks HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES