CURRICULUM

Mrs. Riya Joy

Definition• Latin word , Currere = run• Blue print of an educational programme• Curriculum is a tool in the hands of an

artist to mould his material, according to his ideals in his studio.

-Cunningham• Artist= teacher• Material= student• Ideals= objectives• Studio= educational institute

Curriculum is a systematic arrangement of the sum total of

selected experiences planned by a school for a defined

group of students to attain the aim of a particular

educational programme. (Florence nightingale)

A curriculum does not mean only the academic subjects

traditionally taught in the school but it includes the totality

of experiences that a public receives through the manifold

activities that go on in the school, workshop, play ground,

library, laboratory and in the informal contacts between

teachers and pupils (secondary education

commission )

What a curriculum is not

• A list of subjects to be transmitted and learned

that is a syllabus• details of methods and times that is a timetable

Nursing Curriculum

• Nursing Curriculum is the learning opportunities

and the learning activities that the faculty plans and

implement in various settings for a particular group

of students for a specified period of time in order to

attain the objectives

Components of nursing curriculum

• Statement of Philosophy

• Statement of the objectives

• Total duration of the educational program

• Detailed Course Plans: Subject Matter, allotted

time in terms of theory and practical hours

• Programme of evaluation

Models of Curriculum

Ralph Tyler’s behavioral objectives (product) theory(1950)

Stenhouse’s process model(1975) Lawton’s cultural analysis model(1983) Beattie’s four fold model(1987)

1. What educational purpose should the school seek to attain? (Purposes of the school)

2. What educational experiences can be provided that are likely to attain these purposes? (Educational experiences related to the purposes)

3. How can these educational purposes be effectively organized? (Organization of the experiences)

4. How can we determine whether these purposes are being attained or not? (Evaluation of the experiences)

Ralph Tyler Model: Four Basic PrinciplesThis is also popularly known as Tyler’s

Rationale. He posited four fundamental questions or principles in examining any curriculum in schools

Criteria for a desirable Curriculum

• The curriculum should describe the theory form ie, subject in the real form of community needs

• Curriculum should cope up with the knowledge explosion and scientific advancements

• Use all the teaching personal in most efficient and economic way

• Should use the logical precise and effective technology which are currently available

• Should be consistent with the theoretical framework of all the subjects

• Should enable the student to do active practice• Should provide facilities for testing the learned

behaviour• Should be such as to produce graduates who are

capable of being creative for the next 15-20 years at least.

• Should spend a reasonable length of time in order to accomplish the goal.

• Should be enriched with the activities for professional and personal growth of learners.

SyllabusThe Syllabus

includes list of subjects, content outline for each subject and broad time allocations

A syllabus is simply an outline and time line of a particular course. It will typically give a brief overview of the course objectives, course expectations, list reading assignments, homework deadlines, and exam dates.

CurriculumCurriculum is a focus

of study, consisting of various courses all designed to reach a particular proficiency or qualification

The curriculum is developed by the teacher or teaching team and is made up of the experiences students will have in the course.

Curriculum vs Syllabus

Types of Curriculum• Traditional or subject centered• Child centered• Activity curriculum• Experience curriculum• Undifferentiated Curriculum• Basic Education Curriculum• Life centered or balanced Curriculum• Correlated Curriculum• Integrated Curriculum• Official Curriculum: proposed by scholars and professional

organizations• Actual Curriculum or Institutional Curriculum: what

teachers implement or deliver in the classrooms and schools

• Hidden Curriculum: Things students learn in school that are not part of the written curriculum. Includes things like behaviour, collaboration, teamwork

Types of Nursing curriculumAccording to Olivia Bevis• Legitimate curriculum: recognized and

acknowledged by the faculty and students as ‘real curriculum’ and approved by the accreditation bodies

• Illegitimate curriculum: it values and teaches many other things such as caring, compassion, power etc. taught because teachers feel a moral obligation to their students

• Hidden curriculum• Null curriculum: that exists only in hearts.(critical

thinking and intellectual development)

Levels of Curriculum

• Societal Curriculum

• The institutional Curriculum

• The instructional Curriculum

“Learning is like rowing upstream: not to advance is to drop back.”