Abril, Julie C. (CV) Last Revised

1/5/2021 8:30:00 AM 1

CURRICULUM VITAE

Julie C. Abril 822 Burnham Lane

Bayfield, CO 81122 USA 970-903-3501

Julie.Abril@yahoo.com

EDUCATION

Ph.D.: University of California, Irvine - Criminology, Law and Society, 2005 Dissertation: The Relevance of Culture, Ethnic Identity, and Collective Efficacy to Violent Victimization in One

Native American Indian Tribal Community Committee: Paul Jesilow and Gilbert Geis Thesis: From the ecological perspective, I attempt to build upon Robert J. Sampson, Stephen W.

Rauenbush, and Felton Earls’ (1997) study of collective efficacy and its ability to mitigate community violence. In doing so, I attempt to understand violent victimization occurring on the Southern Ute Indian reservation. The purpose of this research was to understand the relationship between culture, ethnic identity, and collective efficacy as they might mitigate violent victimization. The data were collected during the Southern Ute Indian Community Safety Survey. Quantitative data for this study were collected from 667 completed questionnaires returned from (n = 312) Indians and (n = 355) non-Indians living on the same reservation. Qualitative data were collected during (n = 85) 1-2 hour personal interviews with Indians living on the reservation. Other data were collected from the Tribal Code and photographic images. I identified two culturally-distinct groups residing on the reservation: Indians and non-Indians. In the bi-variate analysis I found significant differences between the two groups on Indian cultural values, ethnic identity, collective efficacy, and violent victimization. In the multi-variate analysis (binary logistic regression), however, I found ethnic identity, collective efficacy, income, age, and gender to be most associated with violent victimization. This means that poor, young, female, Indians who reported having low levels of collective efficacy are more likely to experience violent victimization than any others in this study. This finding supports previous research that suggests that poor, young women experience higher rates of violent victimization than any others. Moreover, this finding supports Sampson and his colleagues’ (1997) ideas about collective efficacy in that they believe that groups with higher collective efficacy scores would lead to lower rates of violence. Finally, the perception that Indians who live on reservations are more likely to experience violent victimization than are non-Indians who reside ion the same community is supported by this research. Pro-quest UMI No. 3167918 (1 of 3). Available at: il.proquest.com

Post-Doctoral: Columbia University in the City of New York, Mailman School of Public Health-affiliate National Development and Research Institutes, USH&HS/NIH/SAMSHA-sponsored

Certificate: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, ICPSR, USDOJ/BJS-sponsored Quantitative Analysis in Crime and Criminal Justice, 2006 (Summer)

Invited Participant: Yale University, Experiments in the Social Sciences, 2003 (Summer) M.S.: San Jose State University, Criminal Justice Administration, 1996 - 1998 B.S.: San Jose State University, Criminal Justice Administration, 1994 – 1996

Abril, Julie C. (CV) Last Revised

1/5/2021 8:30:00 AM 2

SCIENTIFIC AWARDS

Bonnie S. Fisher Victimology Career Achievement Award, Division of Victimology, American Society of Criminology, (2017), Philadelphia, PA. This award is given to a scholar who has made a significant contribution in victimology over the course of their lifetime.

BOOKS

Abril, Julie C. (2008). “Bad Spirits”: A Cultural Explanation for Intimate Family Violence: Inside One American Indian Family. 152 pages Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Ltd. United Kingdom. Reviewed in Alston, M. (2009). “A Review of “Bad Spirits: A Cultural Explanation for Intimate Family Violence, Inside One American Indian Family” by Julie C. Abril”, Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice, 7(4), 311-313.

UNIVERSITY LIBRARY COLLECTIONS HOLDING BAD SPIRITS: Smithsonian Institution Libraries, Harvard University, Yale University, Columbia University, University of California (Riverside and Los Angeles), University of Southern California, University of Chicago, Rice University, University of Calgary, University of New Mexico, Arizona State University, University of Minnesota, Eastern New Mexico University, Fort Lewis College (Center for Southwest Studies), Creighton University, Bowling Green State University, Emory University, Wilfrid Laurier University, University of Toronto, Pennsylvania State University, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, University of Ottawa, McGill University Library, The British Library, University of Auckland, Universitatsbibliothek der Eberhard Karls Universitat (German National Library).

BAD SPIRITS CITED IN:

(2017). R.I. Orr. Reservation Politics. Pg. 207, University of Oklahoma Press: Norman

(2014) J.I. Ross. American Indians At Risk. Greenwood, Denver, CO Chapter: Crime, Criminal Justice and

Violence, pg. 62.

PROMINENT ACADEMIC REVIEWS OF BAD SPIRITS:

There are strong warnings from the author that the story of her life in her Yaqui Indian family in California and Arizona contains gruesome and horrifying details. These include accounts of morbid beatings and blatant and ugly episodes of sexual abuse as well as cold-blooded murder by her parents of twins immediately following their birth. Dr. Julie Abril's Bad Spirits a rare and unvarnished story of her survival, with deep emotional scars, from a childhood, adolescence, and young womanhood filled with almost unbelievable violence.

Gilbert Geis, University of California, Irvine. Past President, American Society of Criminology

I recommend this book as a text for students in courses on victimization, American Indians, women, and crime.

Natalie J. Sokoloff, Professor Emerita of Sociology John Jay College of Criminal Justice

Abril, Julie C. (CV) Last Revised

1/5/2021 8:30:00 AM 3

Abril, Julie C. (2016). (REVISED EDITION) Bad Spirits: An American Indian Explanation for Family Violence.327 pages Scholars Press, an imprint of OmniScriptum GmbH & Co. KG (Germany). ISBN 978-3-639-86400-7.

UNIVERSITY LIBRARY COLLECTIONS HOLDING THE REVISED EDITION OF BAD SPIRITS: Deutsche Nationalbibliothek (German National Library).

PROMINENT ACADEMIC REVIEWS OF THE REVISED EDITION OF BAD SPIRITS:

Bad Spirits is a clearly, openly, honestly, told story of endurance and eventual escape from horrific family violence that represents a major problem in Indian country, and demonstration of the power of an indigenous way for a victim to understand, survive, and heal from the pain and trauma. It is a major contribution to my understanding of serious sexual violence against children and heightens my awareness of the potential for victims to survive and heal on their own cultural terms. Above all, this book is a testament to the courage, strength, and insight of its author.

Hal Pepinsky, Professor Emeritus of Criminal Justice at Indiana University, Bloomington

This book presents a dichotomy of two different and dominant perspectives: the academic and theoretical world of a young social scientist, stretching the explanatory limits of criminology and victimology; and the other, her own private Spirit World reflecting her unique culture and her personal conclusions – the result of multiple traumas and her attempt to find meaning from both perspectives on her way to recovery.

John Dussich, Professor Emeritus of Criminology at Fresno State University, Fresno, CA

SUMMARY OF BAD SPIRITS: Bad Spirits takes the reader inside one Native American Indian family to witness some of the violence and victimization that occurred in the privacy of their home. While the violence is graphic and disturbing, the effects of it on one victim made her much more resilient. The book begins with the suicide of one sibling and the homicides of two others. Because of the cultural beliefs held by this family one member was perceived to be a witch. In the paradigm of the Yaqui Indians, those perceived to be witches are often murdered. The author puts forth the theory that Bad Spirits are responsible for violence. Yaqui witchcraft and sorcery (often referred to as 'Bad Indian Medicine') are used within this family as a means of violence precipitation. The author then takes the reader out of the violence of the home and into the violence of homelessness on the streets of San Francisco. Finally, the author discusses the current research on violence and victimization occurring within Native American Indian communities to show that other Indian tribal groups hold similar views. The book ends with the two federal laws that were designed to address child abuse and family violence among Native American Indians who live on reservations.

Abril, Julie C. (2015) 𝒀𝒂𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒙 (Yaqui Woman) A Native American Indian Cultural Perspective of Identity Power & Evil.

470 pages, Scholars Press, an imprint of OmniScriptum GmbH & Co. KG (Germany). ISBN 978-3-639-86073-3.

UNIVERSITY LIBRARY COLLECTIONS HOLDING YAQUI WOMAN:

Deutsche Nationalbibliothek (German National Library).

Abril, Julie C. (CV) Last Revised

1/5/2021 8:30:00 AM 4

SUMMARY OF YAQUI WOMAN:

YAQUIx provides and alternative Native American Indian culturally-based theoretical perspective for violence and

crime causation. The theory proposed is one based on Bad Spirits which influence deleterious human behavior

(crime). This particular theoretical perspective of violence is the core foundation of the earliest thoughts on

criminal behavior. Indeed, the establishment of penitentiaries (prisons) occurred because it was thought that

criminal behavior was influenced by the Devil, and thus penance was needed by the criminal to rid him/herself of

the evil influence through prayer in an isolated institution i.e. in a prison. Many centuries later, this early

theoretical perspective of criminal behavior is revisited in the text, YAQUIx: A Native American Indian Cultural

View of Identity Power & Evil. There are four Volumes to this text: Volume I Two Spirit: Identity Development of

a Homeless American Indian Teenager; Volume II Spirit Caste: Poverty, Power and Class; Volume III Spirit World

Sociology of Spirit World, and Volume IV Sun God: Sociology of the Power Source. Included in this text are the

preliminary outlines of a predictive formula for determining where evil and evilness may next occur.

Abril, Julie C. (2017). Bad Spirits, Evil Thoughts, and Crime Culture: A 𝑌𝑎𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑥 Treatise. A Native American Indian View. 136 pages, Lambert Academic Publishing, an imprint of OmniScriptum GmbH & Co. KG (Germany). ISBN 978-3-330-04742-6. UNIVERSITY LIBRARY COLLECTIONS HOLDING A YAQUIx TREATISE: Deutsche Nationalbibliothek (German National Library). SUMMARY OF A YAQUIx TREATISE:

The purpose of this treatise is to re-iterate the original theory of Bad Spirits first proposed in (2008 & 2016 -

Revised Edition) BAD SPIRTS: An American Indian Explanation for Family Violence. Scholars’ Press and later

expanded in (2016) YAQUIx: A Native American Indian Cultural View of Identity Power & Evil. This is a Native

American Indian culturally-based theoretical perspective of crime causation and violence, phenomena which I

refer to as evil and evilness. I also re-address the culture of crime and other related concepts presented in the

earlier books. I end this book with a more precise predictive formula for determining where evil and evilness may

next occur.

Abril, Julie C. (2009). Crime and Violence in a Native American Indian Reservation: A Criminological Study of the Southern Ute Indians. Foreword by Gilbert Geis, Past President American Society of Criminology. 194 pages. VDM Publishing House: Mauritius. UNIVERSITY LIBRARY COLLECTIONS HOLDING CRIME AND VIOLENCE: West Virginia University, Universitatsbibliothek der Eberhard Karls Universitat (Germany), Staats- und Universitatsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky (Germany). SUMMARY OF CRIME AND VIOLENCE: Rhetoric surrounding crime and violence among modern Native American Indians suggests that they experience higher rates and more violent forms of criminal victimization than any other group. Crime was not found to exist at the levels suggested by the national rhetoric of recent decades; rhetoric which often is fueled by flawed data found in official government reports. What does occur is in the form of violations of Indian cultural values, which

Abril, Julie C. (CV) Last Revised

1/5/2021 8:30:00 AM 5

is defined as cultural crime. Cultural crimes, which include violations of Title 25 - Indians of the United States Code and violations of American Indian cultural norms, have a much more harmful effect on the future of the tribe than the general types of crime. The natural process of acculturation due to globalization, has led to the development of a tripartite (three-level) criminal jurisdiction that exists today. Tribal police often respond to circumstances surrounding Indian Spirits. Witchcraft often is used as a means of informal social control among members of this group. This unprecedented study is also the first to empirically explore individual tribal responses to crime and violence.

Abril, Julie C. (2008). Violent Victimization Among One Native American Indian Tribe. 219 pages. VDM Publishing, Germany. UNIVERSITY LIBRARY COLLECTIONS HOLDING VIOLENT VICTIMIZATION: University of California (Los Angeles), Eastern New Mexico University. SUMMARY OF VIOLENT VICTIMIZATION: This study examines victimization data collected during the Southern Ute Indian Community Safety Survey, a study of crime and violence on the Southern Ute Indian reservation located in Ignacio, Colorado USA. It was found that poor, young, female, Indians, experienced higher rates of violent victimization. When compared to non-Indians, it was also found that simply being an Indian made Indians more likely to become a victim of violence than the non-Indians in this study.

Abril, Julie C. (2016). Scientific Use of Native American Indian DNA: A Cultural Crime? 136 pages. Lambert Academic

Publishing, an imprint of OmniScriptum GmbH & Co. KG (Germany). ISBN 978-3-659-95804-05. UNIVERSITY LIBRARY COLLECTIONS HOLDING NATIVE AMERICAN DNA: Ohio State University, Deutsche Nationalbibliothek (Germany National Library). SUMMARY OF NATIVE AMERICAN DNA: In this research report, originally prepared while a graduate student at the University of California, Irvine, within the School of Social Ecology, Department of Criminology, Law and Society, the question of informed consent regarding cultural risks and harms of scientists collecting genetic data samples, e.g., blood, saliva, and hair, from Native American Indians to their larger tribal communities are addressed. It was found that Native American Indian tribes are often not well informed about the cultural harms and risks in participating in DNA genetic material data collection efforts, i.e., blood, saliva, and hair sampling, taken from their individual tribal members. I thank Kitty Calavita for teaching me this about conducting scientific research, “If it’s not ethical, then it’s not doable.” All errors contained in this report, however, are solely those of the author and no others.

Abril, Julie C. (2016). Native American Indian Tribal Justice Systems: Tribal Courts and Police. 99 pages. Lambert Academic Publishing, an imprint of OmniScriptum GmbH & Co. KG (Germany). ISBN 978-3-659-96101-4. UNIVERSITY LIBRARY COLLECTIONS HOLDING TRIBAL JUSTICE SYSTEMS: Los Angeles County Law Library, Deutsche Nationalbibliothek (Germany National Library).

Abril, Julie C. (CV) Last Revised

1/5/2021 8:30:00 AM 6

SUMMARY OF TRIBAL JUSTICE SYSTEMS: This paper was prepared while a Master’s-level student at San Jose State University in 1997; and, slightly revised in 2016. It examines Native American Tribal Courts and proposes further research in the areas of indigenous justice systems, specifically those operating in the United States of America. An outline for further research in this area of criminal justice administration is offered by the author.

Abril, Julie C. (2016). Cultural Values v. Collective Efficacy in a Native American Indian Tribe: Measuring Values In A Native American Indian Tribe, 387 pages, Scholars’ Press, an imprint of OmniScriptum GmbH & Co. KG (Germany). ISBN 978-3-659-84319-8. UNIVERSITY LIBRARY COLLECTIONS HOLDING CULTURAL VALUES V. COLLECTIVE EFFICACY: Deutsche Nationalbibliothek (German National Library). SUMMARY OF CULTURAL VALUES V. COLLECTIVE EFFICACY: In this collection of RESEARCH ARTICLES emanating from the Southern Ute Indian Community Safety Survey (SUICSS), the theoretical constructs of Native American Indian cultural values (CV) are compared with those of collective efficacy (CE); an idea proposed by Sampson, R.J., Raudenbush, S.W., and Earls F. in their study The Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, as reported in SCIENCE (Aug. 15, 1997), Neighborhoods and Violent Crime: A Multi-Level Study of Collective Efficacy, 277, 919-924. It was found this sub-cultural group’s cultural values are more robust predictors of a variety of social phenomena than were the collective efficacy measures.

Abril, Julie C. (2016). Cultural Values v. Collective Efficacy: Differences Between Native American Indians and Non-

Indians. 278 pages, Lambert Academic Publishing, an imprint of OmniScriptum GmbH & Co. KG (Germany). ISBN 978-3-659-95322-4. UNIVERSITY LIBRARY COLLECTIONS HOLDING DIFFERENCES BETWEEN INDIANS AND NON-INDIANS: Deutsche Nationalbibliothek (German National Library). SUMMARY OF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN INDIANS AND NON-INDIANS: In this collection of RESEARCH ARTICLES emanating from the Southern Ute Indian Community Safety Survey, differences in attitudes and behaviors between Native American Indians and non-Indians are examined. Significant differences in attitudes and behaviors were found between the two ethnic and cultural groups. Culture, it was further found, plays a significant role in these differences. I thank Paul Jesilow, Gilbert Geis, Joan Petersilia, Kitty Calavita, and Valerie Jenness for excellent mentoring while a graduate student at the University of California, Irvine School of Social Ecology, Department of Criminology, Law and Society. All errors contained herein, however, are solely those of the author.

Abril, Julie C. (CV) Last Revised

1/5/2021 8:30:00 AM 7

Abril, Julie C. (2009). Southern Ute Indian Community Safety Survey: The Final Data. 368 pages. VDM Publishing House: Mauritius. UNIVERSITY LIBRARY COLLECTIONS HOLDING THE SU FINAL DATA: Deutsche Nationalbibliothek (German National Library). SUMMARY OF THE SU FINAL DATA: This book complies all the interview data (n=85) from the Southern Ute Indian Community Safety Survey and the final study facts.

PEER REVIEWED JOURNAL ARTICLES AND RESEARCH NOTES

Abril, Julie C. (2003). Native American Identities among women prisoners. The Prison Journal, vol. 83, no. 1, 1-13. Special

Issue: American Corrections and Native Americans. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032885502250393

CITED IN:

(2020) Jones, et al. Native American and Non-Native American Women Prisoners, Adverse Childhood

Experiences, and the Perpetration of Physical Violence in Adult Intimate Relationships. Journal of Interpersonal

Violence, 1-30. DOI: 10.1177/08862605|9897328

(2010) Y. Iwasaki & N.G. Byrd. Cultural Activities, Identities, and Mental Health Among Urban American Indians

with Mixed Racial/Ethnic Ancestries. Race and Social Problems, 2, 101-114.

JOURNAL ARTICLE ABSTRACT: A specially constructed Native American Identity Questionnaire was distributed to

women imprisoned in the Ohio Reformatory for Women (ORW) in Marysville, Ohio. More than 40% of the women

responding to the questionnaire consider themselves to be, at least in part, Native American. These data conflict

with official ORW demographic statistics, which drastically underestimate the number of Native Americans within

the institution. Possible consequences of the underestimation of Native Americans in the official statistics are

discussed.

Abril, Julie C. (2007). Native American Indian women: Implications for prison research. Southwest Journal of Criminal

Justice, vol. 4, no.2, 133-144. (in print and at link) http://swjcj.cjcenter.org/archives/4.2/7%20Abril.pdf

CITED IN:

(2014) J.I. Ross. American Indians At Risk: Volume I. Greenwood, Denver, CO Chapter: Crime, Criminal Justice and

Violence, pg. 62.

JOURNAL ARTICLE ABSTRACT: This paper illustrates the ability of a Native American Indian ethnic identity

questionnaire in capturing identity data from a prisoner population. Survey questionnaire data from Native

American Indian women incarcerated at the Ohio Reformatory for Women (ORW) were compared to data from

the Southern Ute Indian Community Safety Survey (SUICSS). It is hypothesized that women who hold a Native

American Indian identity will report specific information about their ethnic identity. This is important in

determining a valid accounting of imprisoned Indian women. It is further hypothesized that women who hold

Abril, Julie C. (CV) Last Revised

1/5/2021 8:30:00 AM 8

these identities are proud of them and may rely upon them as a source of strength even while they are violently

victimized because of them. Findings from this study suggest that pride in one's Indian identity may be an area

upon which to target as part of a comprehensive rehabilitative effort.

Abril, Julie C. (2002). The Native American identity phenomenon. Corrections Compendium, vol. 27, no. 4, 1-7.

CITED IN:

(2014) J.I. Ross. American Indians At Risk: Volume II. Greenwood Publishing, Denver, CO

JOURNAL ARTICLE ABSTRACT: The past decade has seen a rise in the number of inmates requesting accommodations for Native American religious services (Fordham, 1993; Grobsmith, 1994, 1996; Holscher, 1992; Ross, 1998). This may suggest that-there has been an increase in the number of Native Americans, Alaskan Natives and Native Hawaiians in the nation's prison systems. Yet, this suggestion is not supported by correctional statistics. The purpose of this exploratory study is to determine if there are female inmates who consider themselves Native American and the extent to which they hold such an identity. (1) Because little is known about female inmates in general, and Native American female inmates in particular, these data become important to the understanding of female inmate adaptation to incarceration. The data reported here suggest that many (n = 223) incarcerated women in this study may hold a pan-ethnic Native American identity. This is contrary to official prison statistics, which claimed there were only two Native American inmates at the time of this study.

Abril, Julie C. (2008). Cultural conflict and crime: Violations of Native American Indian cultural values. International Journal

of Criminal Justice Sciences, 2(1), 44-62. (in print and on-line) www.ijcjs.co.nr

CITED IN:

(2017) R.I. Orr. Reservation Politics. University of Oklahoma Press: Norman

(2014) F.A. Martin. The Coverage of American Indians and Alaskan Natives in Criminal Justice and Criminology

Introductory Textbooks, Critical Criminology, 22, 237-256.

(2007, Jan) K. Jaishankar, Open Access and Criminal Justice Journals. Editorial. Vol. 2, No. 1. Pg. 1-4. Human

Rights Implications of Crime Control in the Digital Age (psu.edu)

JOURNAL ARTICLE ABSTRACT: This paper examines violations of Indian cultural values among two distinct cultural

groups residing within one Native American Indian reservation. I explore the possibility that violations of Indian

cultural values may contribute to conflict between these cultural groups. This study uses survey (n = 667) and

interview (n = 85) data obtained from Indians and non-Indians residing within the same rural Indian reservation

community to conclude that Indian cultural values are often violated when non-Indians ask certain questions

based on stereotypes of Indians. Violations of Indian cultural values are often viewed as harmful to Indians. The

fragile nature of Indian cultures continues to be threatened in ways that may not be amenable to federal

legislative protections but may be protected by tribal law.

Abril, Julie C. (2015). Responding to Neighborhood Problems and Actions to Improve the Neighborhood: Differences in

Attitudes and Behaviors Between Native American Indian and non-Indian Women. APRN: Journal of Science and

Technology (August) vol. 5, no. 8. Also available at:

Abril, Julie C. (CV) Last Revised

1/5/2021 8:30:00 AM 9

Responding to Neighborhood Problems and Actions to Improve the Neighborhood: Differences in Attitudes and

Behaviors between Native American Indian and non-Indian Women | Semantic Scholar

JOURNAL ARTICLE ABSTRACT: Little work highlights the attitudes and behaviors of Native American Indian women

regarding whom they believe should respond to the problems in their neighborhoods. Less work has sought to

understand how Indian women are active in improving their neighborhoods. Data collected during the Southern

Ute Indian Community Safety Survey are used to explore these issues. Responses about these concerns from

Indian women (n = 186) were compared to those provided by non-Indian women (n = 237). It was found that both

groups of women viewed the police as responsible for responding to neighborhood problems. Not surprisingly,

the police were not viewed as favorably by the Indians as they were by the non-Indians. What is interesting about

these data are that non-Indian women reported they were active in improving their neighborhood indirectly

through participation in civic functions such as voting and membership in church groups, whereas the Indian

women reported direct “hands on” types of activities such as beautifying the area, reporting crime, and

monitoring the safety of local children.

Abril, Julie C. (2014) Predicting perceptions of crime seriousness among Native American Indians: A research note.

International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, vol. 37, issue 4, pg. 359-366. Also available at

link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/-01924036.2013.790699

RESEARCH NOTE ABSTRACT: Strongly held cultural values may lead to development of pro-social behaviors and

subsequently values against committing crime among people belonging to targeted racial or ethnic groups. In this

study, the author examines measures of Native American Indian cultural values and measures of collective efficacy

to determine which set of values best predict perceptions of crime seriousness from within a population of Native

American Indians. The author uses data collected from 312 Indians and 355 non-Indians during the Southern Ute

Indian Community Safety Survey to determine which set of values are more closely aligned with perceptions of

crime seriousness. This study found that those who held stronger Native American Indian cultural values also had

stronger perceptions of crime seriousness. In the past, little scientific work has been done to associate specific

cultural values to those held by cultural groups other than Euro-Americans. Findings from this work suggest that

strengthening cultural values specific to a targeted group may be a promising method in the effort to reduce

victimization among minority group members if said members view crime as serious and report it as such.

Abril, Julie C. (2007). Perceptions of crime seriousness, cultural values, and collective efficacy between native American

Indians and non-Indians who live within the same reservation community. Applied Psychology in Criminal Justice,

vol. 3, no. 2, 172-196. (at link below)

http://www.apcj.org/Documents/Volume3Issue2/APCJv3i2a4perceptionsofcrime.pdf

Critiqued in (2012) D.F. Greenberg. Assessments of crime seriousness on an American Indian Reservation: A

Reanalysis of Abril 2007. Race and Justice, 2, 29-41. https://doi.org/10.1177/2153368711436013

JOURNAL ARTICLE ABSTRACT: This paper examines the relevance of perceptions of crime seriousness and Native American Indian cultural values to collective efficacy in two distinct cultural groups residing in the same rural Native American Indian reservation in Colorado. The Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, which examined census track differences in community level violence within an urban area, concluded that collective efficacy mitigates the impact of concentrated disadvantage on neighborhood violence. Similarly, the

Abril, Julie C. (CV) Last Revised

1/5/2021 8:30:00 AM 10

present study utilized survey and interview data collected during the Southern Ute Indian Community Safety Survey to determine that perceptions of crime seriousness and Indian cultural values are associated with the group’s level of collective efficacy. Findings suggest that Indians and non-Indians may respond differently to community victimization.

Abril, Julie C. (2007). Native American Indian women: Implications for prison research. Southwest Journal of Criminal

Justice, vol. 4, no.2, 133-144. (in print and at link) http://swjcj.cjcenter.org/archives/4.2/7%20Abril.pdf

CITED IN:

(2014) J.I. Ross. American Indians At Risk: Volume I. Greenwood, Denver, CO Chapter: Crime, Criminal Justice and

Violence, pg. 62.

JOURNAL ARTICLE ABSTRACT: This paper illustrates the ability of a Native American Indian ethnic identity

questionnaire in capturing identity data from a prisoner population. Survey questionnaire data from Native

American Indian women incarcerated at the Ohio Reformatory for Women (ORW) were compared to data from

the Southern Ute Indian Community Safety Survey (SUICSS). It is hypothesized that women who hold a Native

American Indian identity will report specific information about their ethnic identity. This is important in

determining a valid accounting of imprisoned Indian women. It is further hypothesized that women who hold

these identities are proud of them and may rely upon them as a source of strength even while they are violently

victimized because of them. Findings from this study suggest that pride in one's Indian identity may be an area

upon which to target as part of a comprehensive rehabilitative effort.

Abril, Julie C. (2007). Native American Indian identity and violent victimization. International Perspectives in Victimology,

vol. 3, no. 1, 22-28.

CITED IN:

(2010). S.L. Gabbidon. Race, Ethnicity, Crime, And Justice: An International Dilemma. Sage Publications, Inc.,

Thousand Oaks.

JOURNAL ARTICLE ABSTRACT: This paper examines the role of Native American ethnic identity and cultural values

in contributing to the reporting of violent victimization. Survey questionnaire (n = 667) and interview data (n =

85) were obtained from a total of 312 Indians and a control group of 355 randomly selected, non-Indians living

within the same Indian reservation community in southwest Colorado. To determine their level of reports of

violent victimization that may be a result of their ethnic identity and cultural values, all subjects were asked how

they identified themselves ethnically or racially, and by tribal affiliation. Many Indians reported they had been

violently victimized in the home of a spouse or other relative. It is hypothesized that simply being a Native

American Indian increase the likelihood of reporting violent victimization. Findings from this study suggest the

more a person identifies as a Native American Indian, both ethnically and culturally, the more violent victimization

they will report.

Abril, Julie C. (2015). Cultural Values v. Collective Efficacy: Predictors for Satisfaction with Tribal Services Pakistan Journal

of Criminology, (7)4. pg. 82-97.

JOURNAL ARTICLE ABSTRACT: Problem statement: Until now, little scientific work has been conducted to determine if the level of satisfaction tribal members experience with the services provided to them from their

Abril, Julie C. (CV) Last Revised

1/5/2021 8:30:00 AM 11

respective tribal governments are associated with improving access to justice, such that might occur when victims of crime report victimization to the tribal police. Using data gathered during the Southern Ute Community Safety Survey, I sought to understand the linkages between perceptions of tribal services and perceptions of crime seriousness and subsequent reporting victimization to the local tribal law enforcement authorities. Using linear regression analyses, I have shown that Indian cultural values are associated with satisfaction with tribal services. I have further shown that increased satisfactions with tribal services are good predictors of having strong views about crime seriousness. Finally, I have shown how having strong views of crime seriousness predict reporting

victimization from within this tribal group.

Abril, Julie C. (2015). Cultural Values v. Collective Efficacy: Robust Predictors for Reporting Victimization Pakistan Journal

of Criminology. (7)4, pg. 38-51. Cultural values v. Collective efficacy: Robust predictors for reporting victimization?

i - ProQuest

JOURNAL ARTICLE ABSTRACT: Within the previous decade, much inquiry has focused on the important theoretical

construct collective efficacy when attempting to understand reporting crime within heterogeneous urban and

suburban populations. Until now, little work has been done to determine if collective efficacy is the most robust

predictor for understanding reports of victimization among homogenous rural populations. In the study herein, it

was hypothesized that cultural values would be more robust predictors of reporting victimization than collective

efficacy within a rural population. Based on Durkheim’s (1893) notion that the law reflects the values held most

dear to a society and that government services reflect the law; it was then hypothesized that greater satisfaction

with tribal services would be positively associated with increased reporting of victimization. Using data from the

Southern Ute Indian Community Safety Survey these research questions were explored. Through a variety of

analyses, the cultural values measures were found to be slightly more robust predictors of reporting victimization

than collective efficacy among the rural population in this study. Using measures that better reflect the values of

the group under study may be a more robust method for predicting who reports victimization.

Abril, Julie C. (2013) Urban v. Rural: Measuring collective efficacy in two different populations. Pakistan Journal of

Criminology, 5(2), 13-28. Untitled-1 (researchgate.net)

JOURNAL ARTICLE ABSTRACT: The concept of community collective efficacy suggests that people who share the

same values will come together to solve community-level problems. In this paper, I explore the possibility that

residents of a rural area may differently perceive accepted social values than people who reside in an urban area.

This idea is further explored when I examine the common measures of community collective efficacy and how

they are related to reporting violent victimization between different ethnic groups located in a rural area. The

Southern Ute Indian Community Safety Survey was funded by a grant from the United States Department of

Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics (No. 2001-3277- CA-BJ). The views and opinions expressed herein are those of

the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Department of Justice. Data from the Project

on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods were obtained from the University of Michigan, Institute for

Social Research, Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research, Ann Arbor, MI.

Abril, Julie C. (2015: Oct) Satisfaction with Tribal Criminal Justice Services and Perceptions of Crime Seriousness: A

Research Note, Pakistan Journal of Criminology. Volume 7, No. 4., pg. 73. Proquest: Table of contents - ProQuest

RESEARCH NOTE ABSTRACT: Little work examines perceptions of criminal justice services provided by Native

American Indian tribal governments to their citizens and the relationship these attitudes might have with

Abril, Julie C. (CV) Last Revised

1/5/2021 8:30:00 AM 12

communal views of crime seriousness. In this study, measures of perceptions about the police, court and crime

victim services are tested to understand if and how closely they are associated with beliefs regarding crime. Data

collected during the Southern Ute Indian Community Safety Survey are used to answer these and other related

questions. Most study respondents had negative sentiments about the tribal criminal justice services while they

also held severe views toward violent and alcohol-related crimes. This finding suggests that while people in this

study held strong views against crime, they probably did not feel that their concerns about such were being

adequately addressed by the local tribal government.

Abril, Julie C. (2015) Satisfaction with Tribal Services and Reporting Victimization, Pakistan Journal of Criminology.

JOURNAL ARTICLE ABSTRACT: Much rhetoric surrounds reporting victimization occurring in Indian Country. Official government statistics, for example, are fraught with challenges to their validity. Other measures used by social scientists to correlate reporting crime with social and community-level derived theoretical constructs such as collective efficacy and social cohesion may not be applicable to Native American Indian tribal groups either. It is hypothesized here that those tribal group members who report a higher level of satisfaction with tribally-provided services (such as the tribal police, tribal court, and crime victim’s services) are more likely to report victimization and other types of crime than those who negatively perceive these services. In this work, I use quantitative methods to measure the associations between reports of high satisfaction and low satisfaction with tribally provide services to reports of violent victimization from members of a Native American Indian tribal group. It was found that those individuals who reported a higher level of satisfaction with tribal criminal justice services were more likely to report crime and victimization than those who negatively perceived the tribal services. It may be more beneficial for increasing reports of victimization and crime if common perceptions of the tribal criminal justice system were improved.

Allen, Harry E. & Abril, Julie C. (1997). The new chain gang: Corrections in the next century. American Journal of Criminal

Justice, vol. 22, no. 1.

JOURNAL ARTICLE ABSTRACT: This article examines the operations and excesses of the correctional chain gang as

a group of prisoners working outside a penal facility under armed correctional supervision and wearing chains or

other restraining devices to prevent escape. We detail the operations and excesses of earlier chain gangs,

identifying variables that contributed to the contemporary phase that emerged in 1995.

PEER REVIEWED CHAPTERS

Abril, Julie C. (2009). Domestic Violence Among Native Americans. In L.E. Ross (Ed.), The War Against Domestic Violence.

Praeger Publishing: NY. (invited); Republished in 2013 in 2nd Edition by L.E. Ross, (Ed.) Continuing the War on

Domestic Violence. CRC Press: Taylor and Francis: NY.

CHAPTER ABSTRACT: This Chapter examines a relatively neglected area of research: domestic violence among

Native Americans (hereafter, Indians). In the process, primary emphasis is geared toward an examination of its

prevalence, suspected and perceived causes, official, unofficial, and cultural responses. Considerable emphasis is

placed on criminal justice responses by comparing and contrasting tribal practices and traditional nontribal

procedures. An important learning objective of the chapter is to enable readers to assess whether domestic

violence among Indians is more or less significant in tribal communities than among nontribal communities. We

Abril, Julie C. (CV) Last Revised

1/5/2021 8:30:00 AM 13

hope that readers will develop a greater appreciation of the complexities and dynamics of responding to domestic

violence in environments characterized by a myriad of social, political, and cultural differences.

Abril, Julie C. (2009). Restoring justice after victimization and conflict in one Native American Indian tribal community. In

J. Dussich and J. Shellenberg (Eds.), Restorative Justice in Unlikely Places. (Invited)

CHAPTER ABSTRACT: Various models of restorative justice are derivatives from cultures such as the Australian Aborigines, Canadian Aboriginals, New Zealand Maoris, and various other indigenous cultures. Some models reference those once thought to be used by Native American Indians and those currently used by Alaskan Natives. In this Chapter, I discuss how the Southern Ute Indians, whose home is located in southwestern Colorado, use both contemporary and traditional methods to restore justice after victimization and conflict in their 21st Century tribal community. The purpose of this Chapter is to examine some of the contemporary and traditional practices used by the Southern Ute Indians (hereafter, Indians) to respond to social deviance and conflict among its members and to restore a sense of justice to the community. This is important to do because relationships in the community are often strained when there does not exist a feeling of justice at the end of conflict or victimization. This Chapter will also report on repercussions to tribal informal social control when non-tribal methods of justice were introduced. Finally, I will discuss some of the strategies offered by the tribal members to respond to social deviance, criminality, in particular elder abuse and deviant youth behavior, and social conflict (e.g., intra-tribal and interpersonal conflict). It is important to consider youth behavior and elder abuse because both types of deviance may be considered harbingers of future community illness. Additionally, when communities are able to survive and thrive after such victimization, much can be learned from their experience. Lessons learned may be transferred to other indigenous groups who have experienced similar victimizations as well as to those outside the pan-Indian community.

Abril, Julie C. (2009). Negotiation of tertiary power in a Native American Indian tribal community. Chapter 29 In K.

Jaishankar (Ed.), International Perspectives on Crime and Justice. Cambridge Scholars Publishing: UK. (invited)

https://doi.org/10.1177/2153368711436013

CHAPTER ABSTRACT: This paper explores how and why authoritative power is negotiated between members of the Southern Ute Indian Tribe and its mechanisms of social control. Data were collected during the Southern Ute Indian Community Safety Survey, a study of crime and violence that also included an evaluation of both the tribal police and the court situated on this Indian reservation. Using a variety of concepts, I show how power has shifted from traditional agencies and their agents, such as the Tribal Council and spiritual leaders, as a result of evolving community expectations and as a means to delegate legal tasks to those with specialized skills.

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

Abril, Julie C. (2008). “Talking Indian Talk: Talking Hopi Law Talk” [Review J.R. Richland’s book Arguing with Tradition:

The Language of Law in Hopi Tribal Court]. Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice, 6(4). Arguing with Tradition: The Language of Law in the Hopi Tribal Court | Semantic Scholar

Abril, Julie C. (April, 2008). “Breakthrough of the Year 2007”: DNA advancements and the implications for culture, race &

justice.” The Race and Justice Scholar, official newsletter of the Division of People of Color and Crime of the

American Society of Criminology. (Invited)

Abril, Julie C. (CV) Last Revised

1/5/2021 8:30:00 AM 14

Abril, Julie C. (2006). Tribal police. The Encyclopedia of Police Science: 3rd Edition, p. 3000-3004: Rutledge.

Abril, Julie C. (Wednesday May 16, 2001). Social deviance and crime control policy in Indian country. Indian Country

Today, vol. 20, no. 48, B6.

Abril, Julie C. (Wednesday, April 11, 2001). Becoming Indian. Indian Country Today, A4.

Abril, Julie C. (September, 1997). Facing my ancestors. Hispanic, 82.

TECHNICAL REPORTS

Abril, Julie C. (November, 2003). Final Project Report: Findings from the Southern Ute Indian Community Safety Survey:

A Report to the United States Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. Summarized in Department of

Justice/Bureau of Justice Statistics, publication date: December 2005, by Steven W. Perry, “American Indians and

Crime: 1992 – 2001” Available at http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/aic02.pdf

Abril, Julie C. (2004). Report 1: Aggregated Results from the Southern Ute Indian Tribe Community Safety Survey: A

Report to the Honorable Members of the Southern Ute Indian Tribal Council.

Abril, Julie C. (2004). Report 2: Policy Recommendations Based on Issues Identified Through the Southern Ute Indian

Community Safety Survey: A Report to the Honorable Members of the Southern Ute Indian Tribal Council.

OPINION PIECES

Abril, Julie C. (2014, Sun., May 18) “Coverage will encourage bad behavior.” Opinion Durango Herald, page 3D.

http://durangoherald.com/article/20140517/OPINION03/140519575/-1/opinion03

Abril, Julie C. (2014, Sun., Apr. 20th) “‘Frisky, but risky’ an entertaining read” Opinion Durango Herald, Page 3D.

http://durangoherald.com/article/20140419/OPINION03/140419505/-1/opinion03

Abril, Julie C. (2013, Sun., Dec. 1st) “Stories are all Native Americans have left.” Opinion Durango Herald, page 4A.

http://durangoherald.com/article/20131201/OPINION03/131209959/-1/opinion03

Abril, Julie C. (2013, Thur., Nov. 7th) “In UC names use a comma, not an ‘at.’” Opinion Durango Herald, page 4A.

http://durangoherald.com/article/20131107/OPINION03/131109596/-1/opinion03

Abril, Julie C. (2013, Mon. June 3). “Piece of Paper Not Needed to Establish ID.” Opinion Durango Herald, page 4A.

http://durangoherald.com/article/20130602/OPINION03/130609908/0/SEARCH/Piece-of-paper-notneeded-to-

establish-ID

PAPERS PRESENTED

Invited Presentations

Abril, Julie C. (April, 2006). Southern Ute Indian Community Safety Survey. Tribal Crime Data and Information Sharing &

Training (USDOJ/BJA/NIJ/BJS), Albuquerque, NM. (U.S. Department of Justice).

Abril, Julie C. (CV) Last Revised

1/5/2021 8:30:00 AM 15

Abril, Julie C. (April, 2001) Becoming an Indian (One Indian’s Experience). The USC Graduate & Professional Student

Senate Fourth Annual Interdisciplinary Conference, “Beyond Black & White Reception: Race in the 21st Century.,

University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.

Abril, Julie C. (2000). Continuing Education and Continuing Sovereignty. Student Alumni, Panelist, UCIrvine.

Academic Conference Presentations

Abril, Julie C. (November, 2008). Overcoming Barriers to Accessing Closed Native American Indian Tribal Communities.

Paper presented at the annual meetings of the American Society of Criminology. St. L., Missouri.

Abril, Julie C. (November, 2000). Native American Identities Among Women in Prison. Paper presented at the annual

meetings of the American Society of Criminology, San Francisco, CA.

Abril, Julie C. & Allen, H.E. (November, 1998). Fanning the Flames of Fear Revisited: Three Strikes in California. Paper

presented at the annual meetings of the American Society of Criminology, Washington, D.C.

Abril, Julie C. (March, 1998). Native American Justice. Paper presented at the annual meetings of the Academy of

Criminal Justice Sciences, Albuquerque, NM.

Allen, H.E., Simonsen, C. & Abril, Julie C. (March, 1998). The American Chain Gang Revisited: The Next Century. Paper

presented at the annual meetings of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences, Albuquerque, NM.

Abril, Julie C. (March, 1998). Chain Gangs and the Year 2000: A National Survey. Paper presented at the annual meetings

of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences, Albuquerque, NM.

Allen, H.E. & Abril, Julie C. (1997). The New Chain Gang: Corrections in the Next Century. Paper presented at the annual

meetings of the Southern Criminal Justice Association, Richmond, VA.

PUBLIC POLICY IMPACT

DNA data (blood samples) were returned to the Havasupai Tribe of Arizona in 2005 because of a court action (Tilousi v.

Arizona State University, No. 04-CV-1290 (D. Ariz. March 3, 2005) that used my research which demonstrated the

harmfulness to a tribal culture of DNA data collection efforts by Euro-American scientists from federally-recognized

American Indian Tribes. I argued informed consent regarding the cultural harms of such data collection was not obtained

from each tribal member thereby violating federal law.

See also: Abril, Julie C. The Scientific Use of American Indian DNA: A Legal and Cultural Conflict. (Or is it a cultural

crime?) Unpublished manuscript, University of California, Irvine. Institutional Review Board Approval to conduct

research at the University of California, Irvine (HS#2000-1224, “American Indian Cultural Perceptions on the

Scientific Use of American Indian DNA”). Also discussed in (COUZIN-FRANKEL, J. (30 April 2010). DNA Returned to

Tribe: A Question of Ethics, Vol. 328, SCIENCE www.sciencemag.org.

Abril, Julie C. (CV) Last Revised

1/5/2021 8:30:00 AM 16

Southern Ute Indian Tribe awarded $400,000 from USDOJ to provide direct services to crime victims. The foundation for

this award was research made possible from a $120,004.00 grant from U.S. Department of Justice/Bureau of Justice

Statistics.

<https://durangoherald.com/articles/269017-southern-ute-indian-tribe-awarded-grant-to-assist-victims-

ofcrime?utm_campaign=dailyheadlines&utm_content=southern-ute-indian-tribe-awarded-grant-to-assistvictims-

of-crime&utm_medium=email&utm_source=daily-

headlinesemail&utm_source=Full+List&utm_campaign=311ea86474-newsletter-2019-03-

24&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_9d724e6613-311ea86474-28564307>

As a Commissioner on the Justice Assistance Commission for the State of Colorado appointed by then-Governor John

Hickenlooper (D), I argued against several bureaucrats to award U.S. Department of Justice/Bureau Justice Assistance

funds to the Town of Bayfield for hiring another Town Marshal. I argued it is the duty of Justice Assistance Commissioners

to provide justice assistance to justice agencies. As of 1/29/2020, the Town of Bayfield was in the process of hiring another

deputy Town Marshal to add to their solo marshal roster.

FUNDING

Federal Grants Awarded

Principal Investigator - ($120,004) (2001) U.S. Department of Justice/Bureau of Justice Statistics. Criminal

Victimization in Indian Country solicitation, “Southern Ute Indian Community Safety Survey” (Award No. 2001-

3277-CA-BJ).

Principal Investigator - ($11,628) (2006) U.S. Department of Health & Human Services/National Institutes of Health/Ruth

L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award. (Award No. T32 DA7233-22).

Abril, Julie C. (CV) Last Revised

1/5/2021 8:30:00 AM 17

Principal Investigator - ($2,500) (2006). U.S. Department of Justice/Bureau of Justice Statistics. ICPSR Summer Stipend at

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

Federal Contracts Awarded

$1,650 (Peer Reviewer) (2008). U.S. Department of Justice/Bureau of Justice Assistance.

$2,125 (Peer Reviewer) (2009). U.S. Department of Justice/Bureau of Justice Assistance.

Faculty Research Grants Awarded

$2,610 (2008) Principal Investigator - Eastern New Mexico University.

University of California – Irvine Funding

$21,312 – (2003-2004) University of California President’s Dissertation Year Fellowship.

$500 - (2000) Research and Graduate Studies Research Grant.

$10,044 - (1998 - 1999) Graduate and Professional Opportunity Fellowship.

School of Social Ecology Funding

$3,500 (2003) Summer Dissertation Research Award.

$500 (2000) Student Affairs Block Grant.

Department of Criminology, Law and Society Funding

$300 – (2003) Travel and Research Award.

$2,250 – (2001) Summer Research Award.

$1,600 – (1999) Summer Research Award.

$300 – (1998) Student Travel Grant.

California State University-Wide Funding

$30,000 – (1998- 2001) California State University Chancellor’s Doctoral Incentive Program.

$10,000 – (1998) Summer Research Award to conduct research at the University of Cincinnati,

Department of Criminal Justice, on Native American Indian Women in Prison.

$6,000 - (1997-1998) Sally Casanova Pre-Doctoral Scholar.

$3,900 - (1998) Summer Research Grant to purchase research equipment.

San Jose State University Department of Administration of Justice Funding

$294 - (1997) Willard “Huck” Schmidt Award Native American Criminal Justice Systems, Field Research Grant.

$400 - (1997) Daniel Lomio Travel Grant.

Abril, Julie C. (CV) Last Revised

1/5/2021 8:30:00 AM 18

Miscellaneous Funding

$385 - (2003) Yale University. Tuition waiver to attend seminar in social science experimentation.

$5,000 - (2000) Morris K. Udall White House Internship for American Indians.

$6,000 - (1998) American Society of Criminology Minority Fellowship.

$3,000 - (1996 & 1997) Desert Rainbow Foundation Award for Service to Diverse Communities.

UNIVERSITY TEACHING

Criminology (with Victimology/Victimization) at Fresno State University

Criminal Justice at Fresno State University

Criminology at Eastern New Mexico University

TRAINING

(2011) State of Colorado District Attorney’s Council, Testifying as an Expert Witness (certificate).

(2003) University of California, Irvine/State of California, Basic Dispute Mediation Training (certificate).

(2000) University of California, Irvine/Principles of Course Design: Creating College Classes that Work (certificate).

(1988 – 1990) Trained 911-Operators and Records Officers for Emeryville Police Department, CA.

(1988) Peace Officer Standards of Training, Complaint Dispatch, Contra Costa Criminal Justice Training Center, Pittsburg,

CA (certificate).

(1988) Peace Officer Standards of Training, Records Officer, Contra Costa Criminal Justice Training Center, Pittsburg, CA.

(certificate).

ELECTED OFFICES AND APPOINTMENTS

Appointed Member – State of Colorado Justice Assistance Grants (JAG) Board by then-Governor John Hickenlopper (D),

08/2017 - 2018. Recused self-due to illness.

Appointed Commissioner – State of Colorado Judicial Performance Review Commission, 6th Judicial District appointed

by then-Governor John Hickenlopper (D), 4-year term beginning December 1st, 2013.

Elected Executive Counselor – Division of People of Color and Crime, American Society of Criminology (2007-2009 &

2010-2011) - Recused self-due to illness in 2nd term.

Appointed Member – American Society of Criminology Membership Committee (2012).

Appointed Member – American Society of Criminology Minority Fellowship Committee (2010-2011).

Elected Community Member - Board of Directors, American Indian Center of Santa Clara Valley, Inc. (1996 – 1997).

Abril, Julie C. (CV) Last Revised

1/5/2021 8:30:00 AM 19

OFFICES AND PROFESSIONAL SERVICE

The White House, Office of the Chief of Staff, William Jefferson Clinton Administration Morris K. Udall Foundation

Native American Indian White House Internship (2000).

American Society of Criminology, Division of People of Color and Crime Membership Committee,

Student Representative (1999).

San Jose State University College of Applied Sciences and Arts, Office of the Dean, Student Affairs Committee,

Vice-Chairwoman (1998).

Santa Clara County Superior Court Department 9 Judicial Internship, Honorable Mary Jo Levinger (Retired) (1996).

Santa Clara County Grand Jury Recruiter (1996 – 1997 session).

East San Jose Community Law Center Domestic Violence Temporary Restraining Order Clinic (1996).

San Jose State University “No on 209” Political Campaign Rally Speaker and Coordinator (1996).

HONORS

San Jose State University College of Applied Sciences and Arts, Diversity Enhancement Award (1998).

East San Jose Community Law Center Volunteer Spotlight (1996).

Gay and Lesbian Alliance of The City College of San Francisco Community Service Award (1986).

ARTISTIC / CREATIVE WORK SOLO EXHIBITIONS

2016 “2016 Spirit Collection”, (57 – 75 pieces), (Feb. – May 1st), Bowman Hall, Durango, CO.

Commissioned Paintings

2016 “Bear in the Flowers at Pine Song Tree Farm” Collected by R.K. Carpenter, Bayfield, CO

2016 “Untitled Deer Dancer No. 7 (remake)” Collected by P. Jesilow, Irvine, CA

Etchings / Reliefs

2016 “Deer Dancer at Pine Song” no. 1 Collected by R.K. Carpenter, Bayfield, CO

2016 “Deer Dancer at Pine Song” no. 2 Collected by R.K. Carpenter, Bayfield, CO

2016 “Yaqui Deer Dancer in Pine Log no.6” Collected by Anonymous, Durango, CO