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JURNALISM, ANUL 1-2, CURS 15 CUVINTE UZUALE VOCABULAR GENERAL (USEFUL WORDS GENERALLY)

THE FAMILY [ fmili] = FAMILIA

*The mother [ mr] = mama *The father [ fa:r] = tata *The son [ sn] = fiul *The daughter [ do:tr] = fiica *The brother [ brr] = fratele *The sister [ sistr] = sora *The grandmother [ grn mr] = bunica *The grandfather [ grn fa:r] = bunicul *The grandson [ grn sn] = nepotul (de bunic) *The grand daughter [ grn do:tr] = nepoata (de bunic) *The aunt [i a:nt] = mtua *The uncle [i kl] = unchiul *The nephew [ nevju:] = nepotul (de unchi) *The niece [ niis] = nepoata (de unchi) *The cousin [ kzn] = vrul/ verioara *The brother-in-law [ brr in lo:] = cumnatul *The sister-in-law [ sistr in lo:] = cumnata *The father-in-law [ fa:r in lo:] = socrul *The mother-in-law [ mr in lo:] = soacra *The parents-in-law [ prents in lo:] = socrii *The godfather [ god fa:r] = naul (de botez, cununie) *The godmather [ god mr] = naa *The godchild [ godtaild]= the godson [god sn] = finul PRESENT PERFECT: AFFIRMATIVE (Prezentul perfect: forma de afirmativ) Explanations (explicaii) # We often explain a present situation by saying what happened before it. (Adesea explicm o situaie prezent spunnd ce s-a ntmplat naintea ei.) We do not mention an exact time. (Nu menionm un moment precis). Why are you walking home? (De ce mergi pe jos acas?) Ive broken my bike. (Mi s-a stricat bicicleta) The past action (breaking the bike) has a result in the present (Im walking home). (Aciunea trecut [stricatul bicicletei] are un rezultat n prezent [acum merg pe jos acas]). Why are you late? (De ce ai ntrziat?)

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Ive lost my watch. (Mi-am pierdut ceasul) The past action (losing the watch) has a result in the present (Im late). (Aciunea trecut [pierderea ceasului] are un rezultat n prezent [am ntrziat]) # We use the present perfect when we talk about our experiences in the past and do not mention an exact time. (Folosim prezentul perfect cnd vorbim despre experienele noastre din trecut i nu menionm un timp precis). Ive lived in fifteen different countries. (Am locuit n cinsprezece ri diferite). Regular verbs (verbe regulate): # Forming the present perfect (formarea prezentului perfect): have/has + past participle Ex: The film has started. (Filmul a nceput) Ive finished my homework. (Mi-am terminat tema) With regular verbs, the past participle is the same as the past simple. (Cu verbele regulate, participiul trecut este acelai cu past simplu). Statements (afirmaii): I have started He has started We have started Ive started Hes started Weve started You have started She has started They have started Youve started Shes started Theyve started It has started Its started Irregular verbs (verbe neregulate): Each irregular verb has its own past participle. (Fiecare verb neregulat are propriul participiu trecut). Sometimes the participle is the same as the past simple, sometimes it has a different form. (Uneori participiul este acelai cu past simplu, uneori are forma diferit) Verb Past simple Past participle Eat ( a mnca) ate eaten Leave ( a pleca) left left Drink ( a bea) drank drunk Practice: 1. Complete each sentence with has/have and a participle from the list. (Completai fiecare propoziie cu has/have i un participiu din list).

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Broken bought eaten finished found happened left Lost taken written a) My dog.has eaten.my sandwich! b) Helenher bag. c) Im sorry. I..your pen d) Wheres my dictionary? Someone.it! e) Were too late. The programme.. f) Tina isnt here. She g) There is water on the floor! What.? h) I..your book! Here it is! i) Jackfive letters. j) I..some new shoes. Do you like them? 2. Change the verbs in brackets into the present perfect. (Trecei verbele din paranteze la prezentul perfect). a) Harry (do)..has done..the housework. b) Kate and Bill (find)a new flat. c) Nick (send)..an email. d) I (try)..to learn Japanese. e) Sam and Dave (eat)..all the sandwiches. f) Carlos (buy)..a dog. g) Maria and Helen (start)..at a new school. h) Frances (break).her cup. i) I (lose)..my umbrella. j) Max (take).the dog for a walk. 3. Complete each sentence with the present perfect form of a verb from the list. (Completai fiecare propoziie cu forma de prezent perfect a verbelor din list). Arrive copy have make miss phone Read see spend wash a) Oh no! Thats the last bus, and we.have missedit! b) (you)any Janes Bond books? Theyre really good! c) I havent got any more money. I.all of it! d) Ian idea! Lets go to Big Burgers! e) I wont lose this information now. I.the disk. f) Your hair looks terrible! (you)it? g) Hurry up, Carol. Your taxi..Its waiting outside. h) Im sorry I (not)the travel agent. Ive been very busy. i) (you)..Harry Potter? Its my favourite film. j) Read this again. You.some mistakes.

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PRESENT PERFECT: NEGATIVE AND QUESTIONS (Prezentul perfect: negativul i interogativul). Negatives (negativul): I havent visited China before. This is the first time. (N-am mai vizitat China. Este prima dat) I have not found my car keys. Im still looking for them. (Nu mi-am gsit cheile de la main. nc le caut) have not = havent has not = hasnt Regular Irregular I havent started I havent eaten You havent started You havent eaten He hasnt started He hasnt eaten She hasnt started She hasnt eaten It hasnt started It hasnt eaten We havent started We havent eaten They havent started They havent eaten Questions (interogativul): Have you started your homework? Ive finished it! (Ai nceput s-i faci tema? Am terminat-o!) Have you ever visited Cairo? Yes, Ive been there twice) (Ai vizitat vreodat Cairo? Da, am fost de 2 ori). regular Irregular Have I started? Have I eaten? Have you started? Have you eaten? Has he started? Has he eaten? Has she started? Has she eaten? Has it started? Has it eaten? Have we started? Have we eaten? Have they started? Have they eaten? Practice: Read Nicks list of Things to Do for his holiday. (Citii lista lui Nick cu Treburi de fcut pentru vacan) Book hotel V Check the timetable V Invite Tim X Borrow a guide book V Look at the map V Buy a ticket X Pack my suitcase X

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Choose my clothes X 1. Read Nicks list. Write questions about it. Use the words in brackets. (Citii lista lui Nick. Scriei ntrebri. Folosii cuvintele din paranteze). a) (hotel) Has he booked the hotel? b) (Tim) .. c) (map) d) (suitcase) .. e) (timetable) .. f) (guide book) g) (ticket) .. h) (clothes) 2. Read Nicks list. Write statements and negative sentences. (Citii lista lui Nick. Scriei propoziii afirmative i negative). a) (hotel) Hes booked the hotel? b) (Tim) .. c) (map) d) (suitcase) .. e) (timetable) .. f) (guide book) g) (ticket) .. h) (clothes) 3. Complete this letter. Use the correct verb form of the words in brackets. (Completai scrisoarea. Folosii forma corect a cuvintelor din paranteze. ) Dear Mum and Dad, We (1)..have enjoyed(enjoy) our holiday so far. We (2)(not do) any sightseeing. We (3)(spend) a lot of time on the beach. Luckily, it (4)..(not rain). Tim (5)..(learn) wind-surfing. I(6)(not try) it. I think its dangerous! (7)(you receive) my other postcards? Love, Nick PRESENT PERFECT AND PAST SIMPLE (Prezentul perfect i past tense simplu) Contrast (contrast): Sorry, he isnt here. Hes left. (Ne pare ru, nu e aici. A plecat) Sorry, he isnt here. He left at 8.00. (Ne pare ru, nu e aici. A plecat la ora 8!) Ronaldo has scored a goal! (Ronaldo a dat gol!)

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We are interested that he has scored! We are not interested in when he did this. (Ne intereseaz c a dat gol! Nu ne intereseaz cnd a dat acest gol.) Ronaldo scored a goal in the second minute of the match. (Ronaldo a dat un gol n al doilea minut al meciului). We are interested in the time when he scored. (Ne intereseaz momentul n care s-a dat golul). Ive broken my pen. Now I cant write my essay! (Mi-am stricat stiloul. Acum nu-mi mai pot scrie eseul) This explains why we cant do something now. (Aceasta explic de ce nu putem face ceva acum). I broke my pen at school in the maths test. (Mi-am stricat stiloul la coal la testul de matematic). This explains what happened, where it happened and when it happened. (Asta explic ce s-a ntmplat, unde s-a ntmplat, i cnd s-a ntmplat). Have you been to China? Yes (Ai fost n China? Da) When did you go to China? I went in 1998. (Cnd ai fost n China? Am fost n 1998.) Been and Gone (been i gone): Kate has been to school. Shes at home now. ( Kate a fost la coal. Acum este acas). Kate has gone to school. Shes not at home now. Shes at school. (Kate a plecat la coal. Acum nu este acas. Este la coal.) Practice: 1. Choose the best sentence (a-f) for each picture (1-6) (Alegei cea mai bun propoziie [a-f] pentru fiecare figur [1-6]: a) I lived here for ten years: 3 b) I have lived here for ten years: . c) Pat has gone shopping: d) Pat has been shopping: .. e) Weve missed the bus: .. f) We missed the bus: . 2. Underline the correct verb form in each sentence. (Subliniai/ ncercuii forma corect a verbului din fiecare propoziie).

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a) Can I have another book? Ive read/ read this one. b) Im not ready. I didnt finish/ havent finished my homework. c) I cant find my wallet. I think Ive lost/lost it. d) Did you eat/ Have you eaten spaghetti last night? e) Harry left/has left at 10.30. f) Hurry up, Jim! You didnt start/ havent started! g) Did you see/ Have you seen this film last year? 3. Change the verbs in brackets into the past simple or present perfect. (Trecei verbele din paranteze la past simplu sau prezent perfect). a) Where (you go)did you gofor your holidays last year? b) I cant play any more. I (just hurt)..my foot. c) Jane is a famous writer, and (write).over fifty books. d) Sorry, I (not finish)my letters yet. e) We had a great party last week. Who (you, invite).? f) Where (you, meet)..Sam? Was it at the sports centre? g) Peter (not play)basketball for a month. PRESENT PERFECT AND PAST SIMPLE: TIME EXPRESIONS (Prezentul perfect i past tense simplu: expresii temporale). Explanations (explicaii): We use the present perfect with (folosim prezentul perfect cu): # ever (ntotdeauna), never (niciodat) Have you ever seen a lion? Ive never seen a lion. (Ai vzut vreodat un leu? N-am vzut niciodat un leu) # just (de curnd) Is Peter here? No, hes just gone out. There he is! (Peter este aici? Nu, tocmai a ieit. A, uite-l! # yet (nc) (with negatives and questions: cu negaii i ntrebri) I havent finished yet. (Nu am terminat nc) Have you finished your homework yet? No, Im still doing it. (i-ai terminat tema? Nu, nc lucrez la ea) # already (deja with statements: cu afirmativul) Have a sandwich! (Ia un sandwich!) No thanks. Ive already eaten. I had lunch at 12.00. (Nu, mersi. Am mncat deja. Mi-am luat prnzul la ora 12.00).

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# since (de la nceput) 1997 1998 NOW started ( a nceput) Ive lived in this town since 1998. I live here now. (1998 is the time I started living here) (Locuiesc n oraul acesta din 1998. Acum locuiesc aici. 1998 este momentul din care am nceput s locuiesc aici). We can use the present perfect or the past simple with (Putem folosi prezentul perfect sau past tense simplu cu) # for (o perioad de timp) Ive lived in this house for three years. I live in it now. (Locuiesc/am locuit n casa aceasta de trei ani. Locuiesc n ea acum) I lived in that flat for three years, but I dont live there now. (Am locuit n apartamentul acela timp de trei ani, dar acum nu [mai] locuiesc acolo) PAST NOW 3 years (3 ani) Ive lived in this town for three years. I live here now. (Three years is the period of time Ive lived here). (Locuiesc n oraul acesta de trei ani. Acum locuiesc n el. 3 ani este perioada de timp n care/de cnd locuiesc aici) Compare with since (comparai cu since) We use the past simple with (folosim past tense simplu cu): #ago (acum) I started learning English a year ago. (Am nceput s nv engleza acum un an) Practice: 1. Match each sentence (a-g) with a sentence of a similar meaning (1-7). (Potrivii fiecare propoziie [a-g] cu o propoziie cu sens similar [1-7]) a) Jim has written a book. 4 b) Has Jim written a book yet? ..

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c) Jim has already written a book. .. d) Jim wrote a book a year ago. . e) Jim has never written a book. .. f) Has Jim ever written a book? .. g) Jim has written two books since 1996. .

1.This is not his first book. 2.Does Jim write books? 3.He finished his book last year. 4.He finished a few days ago. 5.Jim started writing in 1996 and has written two books between then and now. 6.Jim doesnt write books. 7.Has he finished a book?

2. Underline the correct word in each sentence. (Subliniai/ ncercuii cuvntul corect din fiecare propoziie). a) Have you ever/yet visited Slovenia? b) Tim has for/just come back from the USA. c) Im not hungry. Ive already/since eaten. d) Jane lived in Greece since/for fifteen years. e) Brian and Clare got married ten years ago/since ten years. f) I cant come out. I havent done my homework already/yet. g) Mark has worked in Turkey ago/ since 1998. 3. Complete each semtence with a time word from the list. (Completai fiecare propoziie cu un cuvnt temporal din list) already ever for just never since yet a) Sue has been on the beach.for.an hour, but she hasnt has a swim yet. b) I dont want to see this film. Ive..seen it. c) Have you..been to the Greek islands? d) Can you wait a moment? I havent finished e) Ouch! An insect has.bitten me! f) George haseaten Chinese food, so this is the first time for him! g) Rick has lived in Japan1998. * Finished events connected with the present (evenimente terminate legate de prezent) We can use the simple present perfect to say that a finished action or event is connected with the present in some way. If we say that something has happened, we are thinking about the past and the present at the same time. (Putem folosi presentul perfect simplu pentru a spune ca o aciune sau un eveniment terminat este legat n vreun fel de prezent. Cns spunem c ceva [has happened = s-a ntmplat], ne gndim la prezent i la trecut n acelai timp.)

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I cant go on holiday because I have broken my leg. (NOT: I broke) (Nu pot pleca n vacan pentru c mi-am rupt piciorul) We could often change a simple present perfect sentence into a present sentence with a similar meaning. (Adesea putem schimba o propoziie la prezent perfect simplu ntr-o propoziie la prezent simplu cu sens similar). Ive broken my leg. ( = My leg is broken now) (Mi-am rupt piciorul = Piciorul meu este rupt) Have you read the Bible? ( = Do you know the Bible?) (Ai citit Biblia? = tii / cunoti Biblia?) Some fool has let the cat in. (= The cat is in). (Un prost a lsat pisica nuntru. = Pisica este nuntru) Utopia has invaded Fantasia. (= Utopia is at war with Fantasia) (Utopia a invadat Fantasia = Utopia este n rzboi cu Fantasia) Mary has had a baby. (= Mary now has a baby) (Mary a nscut = Mary are acum un bebe) Our dog has died . (= Our dog is dead). (Cinele nostru a murit = Cinele nostru este mort) All the wars in history have taught us nothing. (We know nothing). (Nici un rzboi din istorie nu ne-a nvat nimic = Nu tim nimic) My experience at school, all those years ago, has given me a permanent hatred of authority. ( = I hate authority) (Experiena mea la coal, cu atia ani n urm, m-a fcut s ursc pentru totdeauna autoritile = Ursc autoritile) The present perfect is often used to express the idea of completion or achievement. (Prezentul perfect este adesea utilizat pentru a exprima ideea de terminare sau ndeplinire) At last! Ive finished! (n fine! Am terminat!) Have you done all the housework? (Ai fcut toate treburile din cas?) We do not use the present perfect if we are not thinking principally about the present. (Nu folosim prezentul perfect dac nu ne gndim n principal la prezent) Compare (Comparai): Ive travelled in Africa a lot. (I know Africa) (Am cltorit mult n Africa. tiu Africa) Some people say that Shakespeare travelled a lot in Germany. (NOT: has traveled) (Unii spun ca Shakespeare a cltorit mult n Germania) Weve learnt enough to pass the exam. (The exam is still to come) (Am nvat destul ca s trecem examenul examenul urmeaz) We learnt enough to pass the exam. (The exam is over) (Am nvat destul ca s trecem examenul examenul s-a terminat)

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Look what Johns given me! (focus on the gift) ( Uite ce mi-a dat John accentul este pe cadou) Who gave you that? (focus on the past action of giving) (Cine i-a dat asta? accentul este pe aciunea trecut de a da) We do not use the present perfect in story-telling. (Nu folosim prezentul perfect n naraiuni). Once upon a time there was a beautiful princess who lived.. (A fost odat ca niciodat o prines care tria.) * Finished events: news (evenimente terminate: tiri) The simple present perfect is the most normal tense for giving news of recent events (Prezentul perfect simplu este timpul cel mai normal pentru a prezenta tori despre evenimente recente): And here are the main points of the news again. The pound has fallen against the dollar. The Prime Minister has said that the governments economic policies are working. The number of unemployed has reached five million. There has been a fire. (Iat din nou principalele tiri. Lira a sczut n faa dolarului. Primul Ministru a spus ca politica economic a guvernului funcioneaz. Numrul de omeri a ajuns la 5 milioane. A fost un incendiu..) The present perfect is not often used to talk about a finished event, if we say when it happened. (Prezentul perfect nu este des folosit dac vorbim despre un eveniment terminat, dac spunem cnd a avut loc evenimentul) Compare (comparai): There has been an explosion at Edinburg Castle. (A avut loc o explozie la Castelul Edinburg) There was an explosion at Edinburg Castle last night. (Azi noapte a avut loc o explozie la Castelul Edinburg) Ive had a word with the boss, and he says its OK. (Am vorbit cu eful, i zice c-I Ok) I had a word with the boss today, and he says its OK. (Azi am vorbit cu eful, i zice c-I Ok) Note that after using the present perfect to announce a piece of news, we usually change to simple or progressive past tenses to give the details. (Observai c dup ce folosim prezentul perfect pentru a anuna o tire, de obicei trecem la past tense simplu sau continuu pentru a da detaliile) There has been a plane crash near Bristol. Witnesses say that there was an explosion as the aircraft was taking off.. (Un accident de avion a avut loc lng Bristol. Martorii spun c a fost o explozie n timp ce avionul decola.)

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The Prime Minister has had talks with President Kumani. During a three-hour meeting, they discussed the economic situation, and agreed on the need for closer trade links between the two countries. (Primul Ministru a avut convorbiri cu Preedintele Kumani. Pe parcursul celor 3 ore de ntrevedere, ei au discutat situaia economic, i s-au pus de acord asupra necesitii unor legturi comerciale mai strnse ntre cele dou ri.) * Finished events with expressions of time up to now (evenimente terminate cu expresii de timpul pn acum) We often use the simple present perfect for past events when we are thinking of a period of time continuing up to the present for example when we use indefinite time adverbs that mean at some/any time up to now, like ever, before, never, yet, already. (Deseori folosim prezentul perfect pentru evenimente trecute cnd ne gndim la o perioad de timp care se continu n prezent de exemplu atunci cnd folosim adverbe de timp care nseamn la un oarecare/ oricare moment pna n prezent, ca ever = vreodat, before = nainte, never = niciodat, yet = nc, already = deja Have you ever seen a ghost? (Ai vzut vreodat o fantom?) Youve only ever called me darling once. (Mi-ai spus drag doar odat) Im sure weve met before. (Sunt sigur c ne-am mai ntlnit (nainte) Shes never apologised for anything in her life. (Nu i-a cerut niciodat scuze pentru nimic n viaa ei) Has Ben come yet? Yes, and hes already started to make trouble (A venit Ben? Da, i a i nceput/ a nceput deja s fac probleme) If we use a more definite expression of time up to now (today, this week), we usually prefer a simple past tense in affirmative clauses. (Dac folosim o expresie mai hotrt / clar de timp [today = azi, this week = sptmna asta], preferm un past tense simplu n propoziiile afirmative). Compare (comparai): Ive already spoken to the boss about my holiday. (Am vorbit deja cu eful despre vacan) I spoke to the boss today about my holiday. (Am vorbit azi cu eful despre vacan) (More natural than Ive spoken to the boss today) (Mai natural dect Ive spoken to the boss today) Have you seen John this week? (L-ai vzut pe John sptmna asta?) I havent seen John this week. (Nu l-am vzut) I saw John this week, and he says. (L-am vzut., i zice..) (More natural than Ive seen John this week..) (Mai natural dect Ive seen John this week)

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And with adverbs of finished time (yesterday, last weekend) the present perfect is very unusual. (Iar cu adverbe temporale care exprim terminare [yesterday = ieri; last weekend = week-endul trecut] prezentul perfect este foarte neobinuit) * Repetion and continuation to now (repetare i continuitate pna n momentul prezent) We can use the simple present perfect to say that something has happened several times up to the present. (Putem folosi prezentul perfect simplu pentru a spune c ceva s-a ntmplat de mai multe ori pn n prezent) Ive written six letters since lunchtime. (Am scris 6 scrisori de la prnz) How often have you been in love in your life? (Ai fost de multe ori ndrgostit n viaa ta?) We often use the simple present perfect to talk about how long present situations have lasted. Note that present tenses are not used in this way. (Folosim de multe ori prezentul perfect simplu pentru a spune de ct timp dureaz situaiile actuale. Observai c timpurile prezente nu sunt folosite n acest fel) Ive studied hard for years. (NOT I study hard for years) (Am studiat/ studiez din greu de ani de zile) Weve known each other since 1960. (NOT We know..) (Ne cunoatem din 1960) Ive never liked you. (Nu mi-ai plcut niciodat) How long have you been a doctor? (NOT are you a doctor) (De ct timp eti doctor?) Weve always lived here. (Locuim/ am locuit aici dintotdeauna) We can also use the present progressive in this way. (Putem folosi i prezentul continuu n acest fel) * Expressions of finished time: present perfect not used (expresii de terminare: nu folosim prezentul perfect) We do not often use the present perfect with expressions that refer to a completely finished period of time, like yesterday, last week, then, when, three years ago, in 1970. This is because the present perfect focuses on the present, and time-expressions like these focus on the past, so they contradict each other. (Nu prea folosim prezentul perfect cu expresii temporale care se refer la o perioad de timp complet terminat, ca yesterday = ieri, last week = sptmba trecut, then = atunci, when = cnd, three years ago = acum 3 ani, in 1970 = n 1970. Asta pentru c prezentul perfect se concentreaz pe timpul prezent, iar acest tip de expresii temporale se concentreaz pe timpul trecut, deci se contrazic reciproc.) I saw Lucy yesterday. (NOT: I have seen Lucy.) (Ieri am vzut-o pe Lucy) Tom was ill last week. (NOT: Tom has been.) (Tom a fost bolnav sptmna trecut) What did you do then? (NOT: What have you done) (Ce ai fcut atunci?)

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She died three years ago. (NOT: She has died..) ( Ea a murit acum trei ani) He was born in 1970. (NOT: He has been born..) (El s-a nscut n 1970) * Time not mentioned (timpul nu este menionat) We use the present perfect when we are thinking of a period of time up to now, even if we do not mention it. On the other hand, we do not use the present perfect when we are thinking of a particular finished time, even if we do not mention it. Compare (Folosim prezentul perfect dac ne gndim la o perioad de timp pn acum, chiar dac nu o menionm. Pe de alt parte, nu folosim prezentul perfect cnd ne gndim la o perioad anume terminat, chiar dac nu o menionm. Comparai): Have you seen Romeo and Juliet? (Have you ever seen it? OR have you seen the current production?) (Ai vzut Romeo i Julieta? = Ai vzut vreodat piesa? SAU ai vzut ultima variant?) Did you see Romeo and Juliet? (Did you see the production on TV last night?) (Ai vzut Romeo i Julieta? = Ai vzut varianta de la TV asear?) Youve done a lot for me (.up to now) (Ai fcut multe pentru mine[pn acum]) My grandfather did a lot for me (.when he was alive) (Bunicul a fcut multe pentru mine .[cnd tria]) In some cases, there is little difference between the two points of view, and past and perfect tenses are both possible. (n unele cazuri, diferena dintre cele dou puncte de vedere este foarte mic, i sunt posibile att past tense-ul ct i prezentul perfect). Welcome home! I(ve) missed you. (Bun venit acas! Mi-a fost dor de tine) We (have) heard that you have rooms to let. (Am auzit c ai camere libere)

Follow-up Calls

Once you have sent off your application, it is a good idea a few days later to phone and check it was received safely. Do not make a pest of yourself but ask politely whether they have had a chance to consider your application and whether you could come in for a chat. It shows initiative and determination.

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Interviews for Journalism Jobs

It is virtually unheard of for anyone to get a media job without having an interview. While you might look the perfect candidate on paper, the company wants to be sure that they can work with you as an individual and that you can operate well in a stressful situation. The format for interview varies. Some will be very relaxed and informal. You will sit around a table with usually three or four company representatives, say the managing editor, editor, someone from personnel and perhaps a reporter. They will try to put you at ease because they want to reach the real you, not a nervous wreck! Other interviews, particularly for very large organizations, may take place in two stages, the second only if you are shortlisted. These are more formal and you may have to face a panel of interviewers. Try to look the part and wear what journalists working for that organization might wear. Wearing a business suit is not recommended in every case as it can look too formal and detract from what you are saying. However, if you are applying to be a business journalist, it would be essential. Try to look smart and authoritative. Wear the kind of outfit that would enable you to feel comfortable in any situation with any person you might meet on a report. Dont wear jeans! Dont go empty-handed. You have your original cuttings and by this time might have further examples of work to show. Have a think beforehand about how you will respond to questions. The panel will want to see someone who is quick and confident with a controlled sense of humour, not over-pushy and not too nervous. Always have an answer; dont say I dont know and try not to answer with one-word replies. It is quite normal at interviews to be asked to discuss a current affairs issue. It is a common complaint that many candidates tend to read all the papers from a few days before the interview. This knowledge is superficial. What editors really want to see is genuine long-term commitment to current affairs so that it is clear you understand situations locally, at home and abroad in some depth. You may be asked to come up with story ideas there and then. Prepare beforehand and if you do not get asked, mention them at an appropriate time. Also suggest who you would use as spokespeaple and how you might angle the story. Radio and television journalist job interviews will often require the candidate to produce a treatment for a story on paper, including a short cue or script and a breakdown of how the package would be structured. Typical interview questions include: 1. Why do you want to work here? 2. What specific skills can you offer? 3.What are your ambitions? 1. A trick question often asked is: what would you like to be if you werent a journalist?

If you can think of another career youll be crossed of the list. 2. Hypothetical questions sometimes arise, for example, someone has just telephoned

the newsdesk to say theyve seen a UFO land. Your deadline is in half an hour. What would you do next? An appropriate answer might be that you would question the

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caller to discover whether they seem reputable. Are they alone or are there other witnesses you could speak to? If the caller seems genuine you would consult the news editor who would probably adivse you to contact the emergency services to find out whether they are aware of the reports. If so, what information do they have at this stage? Telephone shops, business or other contacts near the alleged scene of the event to see if they noticed any activity. Contact airports and so on. If you are ever in any doubt about how you would approach a story, do not reply I dont know. Say that you would seek the advice of the newsdesk or editor as that shows you are sensible and would not tackle something if you felt out of your depth.

Dont always feel you have to agree with the interviewer. They often ask leading

questions to see how you react. So if they openly question the way you would cover a story, but you are sure your idea would work, stick to your guns and explain your viewpoint. Most of all stay calm, think clearly and be polite that is what the editor will expect when they send you to represent their organization.

Editors are looking for the person with the sort of personality that will help a young journalist go out and meet all sorts of different people in a variety of situations and will work well in an informal but friendly team environment. Journalism is a very competitive type of work which isnt going to attract people who want a regimented nine-to-five existence. Its always going to need people who can think or breath news 24 hours a day. Its a job you never leave behind. All your mistakes and failures appear in public so a journalist must have scrupulous attention to detail and be prepared to dedicate time and patience to ensure they get their stories right.

Always try to have a couple of questions to ask at the end of the interview which should not relate to how much time you get off. Make them something pro-active, like asking about promotion opportunities or in-house training. You can also enquire what the next stage of the selection process is and when you are likely to hear the outcome. USEFUL WORDS FOR JOURNALISM Interview = interviu Managing editor = redactor (administativ) Editor = redactor ef Reporter = reporter To be shortlisted = a fi ales pe lista preferenial Panel = comisie Business journalist = jurnalist la rubrica de afaceri Angle a story = a aborda o poveste/un articol dintr-un anume unghi/perspectiv Cue = 1. momentul exact cnd ceva trebuie s se petreac ntr-o emisiune n direct sau nregistrat; 2.

semnal pentru a ncepe o aciune sau o activitate; 3. pregtirea unei nregistrri, video sau audio, astfel nct s poat fi redat imediat la semnalul regizorului.

Script = scenariu Breakdown = 1. analiz a scenariului pentru a stabili planul de filmare i/sau a costurilor 2. avarie, cdere a sistemului, a echipamentelor package = material n forma sa finit, pregtit pentru difuzare ntr-o emisiune mai mare: n emisiunile de

tiri sau n magazine. Conine imagini filmate pe teren, relatarea reporterului sub forma de VO, stand-up-uri i interviuri. Termen utilizat mai ales n redaciile de tiri

leading questions = ntrebri care sugereaz rspunsul