curso CCAA regular 7 parte 20001

8/3/2019 curso CCAA regular 7 parte 20001

1/29


2/29

66 - RG - P7 - Lesson 79

Look at this sentence:B. The use of NONE and ANY in negative sentences.

Now compare it with this:I saw a lot of butterflies, but I didn't catch any.

I saw a lot of butterflies, but I caught none.Once more the sentences are synonymous.Wh e n l he v er b i s in lh en eg a/iv e fo rm , useany ; w h en lh e v erb isin lh e afl irma/ivefo rm , use none .

N O N E = (verb inth e neg a ti ve ) + A N Y

Note that none is used only as a pronoun; any can be used as a pronounor an adjective.Other examples:Lucy tried on a lotof cIothes, but shedidn"t buy.any.Lucy tried on a lotof cIothes, but shebought none.I don't see any of. the boys here.I see none of theboys here.

Any is m o re c ommo nly u s ed lh a n none .

11, I' I " " '1 U /' I

Now pay attention to this:---:"" -- ,None of my friends carne to my birthday party.A I th e beg inn ing o f sen lences on ly non flbe used .

None is also used in short answers.Example: "How many butterflies did you catch?""None." (= I didn't catch any butterflies.)

"How much sugar is there in the cup?""None.""What places are you going to visitduring your vacation?""None."

C. The use of NEITHER and EITHER in negative sentences.Neither is used instead of no or none when there is reference to twopeople or things ar two groups of people or things.Observe this sentence:Doris is not rooting for either of the teams.Compar.e it with this one:Doris is rooting for neither of the teams.They're synonymous sentences.

W hen lh e v e rb is inlh e nega / iv e fo rm, useei /her; when l he v er bis in lh e a/f irma/ivefo rm , use ne i /her.


3/29

68 - RG - P7 - Lesson 79

Other examples:You said there weretwo butterflies in thisroom, but I don't seeeither of them.You said there weretwo butterflies in thisroom, but I seeneither ot them.ln this case not either is more commonly used.Now look at this:Neither of his parents agrees with his decision.A t the beg inn ing of. s en te nc es o nly ne /her canb e u se d.

Neither may be used alone in short answers.Example: "Which team is Doris rooting for?""Neither."D. The use of NOBODY (NO ONE) and ANYBODY (ANYONE) innegative sentences.Nobody and no one have the same meaning; they both mean no person.Look at this:There isn't anybody (anyone) at home now.Compare with this:There is nobody (no one) at home now.These sentences are also synonymous.W hen the ve rb isin the n eg a/iv e lo rm ,use anybody (anyone ) ;w he n th e v erb is in th ea llirm a /iv e lo rm , usenobody (n o on e ).

N O B O D Y = (v er b inl he n e g a li ve ) + A N Y B O D YN O O N E = (ve rb inl he n e g a li ve ) + A N Y O N E

RG - P7 - Lesson 79 - 69

Other examples:John didn't beat anybody/anyone up.John beat nobody/no one up.

A nyb od y (a nyo ne) ism o re c omm o nly u se d inconve rsa ti onal speech .Pay attention to this:t:: :- - - . ... .Nobody/No one stole the boy's marbles.A t th e b eg in nin g o f s en te nc es o nly nobody o r no ooec an b e u se d.

E. The use of ANYWHERE and NOWHERE in negative sentences.Nowhere means in, at or to no place.Observe this sentence:Paul didn't buy that stool anywhere; he made it himself.Compare with this:Paul bought that stool nowhere; he made it himself.Again the sentences are synonymous.As you a lready know ,when the verb is in thenega /iv e lo rm , useanywhe re ; when thev erb is in th e al l i rma/ivelo rm , use nowhe re .

N O W H E R E = ( ve rb inl he n e g al iv e ) + A N Y


4/29

70 - RG - P7 - Lesson 79

Other examples:I'm not going anywhere tonight; I'm going to stay home.I'm going nowhere tonight; I 'm going to stay home.

Anywhele i s m o re c o m m on .Note: Nowhere is almost never used a s a subject.

F. The use of ANYTHING and NOTHING in negative sentences.Observe this sentence:Helen didn't prepareanything for dinner.

Compare with this one:Helen prepared nothingfor dinner.OK. They're synonymous.

W h e n th e v e r b is int h e n eg alive 1 01 m,u s e anything; w h e nt h e v e r b is in t h ealb rm alive 101m ,u s e nolhing.

RG - P7 - Lesson 79 - 71

Other examples:There isn't anything in this backpack; it's empty.There's nothing in this backpack; it's empty.As in earlier cases, anything is more commonly used.Nothing can be used to give special emphasis.Now look at this:Nothing is going to help him forget Nancy. He really loves her.

A t t h e b e g in n in g o f s e n te n c e s o n ly nolhing c a nb e u s e d .

lI. RELATIVE PRONOUNS WHO AND THAT AS SUBJECTObserve this sentence:He's the guy who broke my joy stick.If we divide this sentence into two parts, we have:I H e 's lh e g uy . I I H e b ro k e m y jo y s l ic k .The first sentence doesn't give clear or adequate information.The second sentence identifies the person in the first sentence.But how do we connect the first to the second sentence?That's right. By using a relative pronoun.So, we have:He's the guy who broke my joy stick.


5/29

72 - RG - P7 - Lesson 79

In the examples above the connecting wordswho and that are used as subjects, so theycannot be omitted.

A. For persons, use:__E3ICiv .He's the boy who st~le my.marbles.

that

B. For things, use:

~I'd . /?-V"'..:.Ilike to have a dali that could crawl.

Who and that can be omitted when theyare used as objects.Examples:Lucy is the girl (who - that) Ilove.Here 's the book (that) he bought last week.

I, .J

RG - P7 - Lesson 80 - 73

DN ,q R ,q /~ [H

J.: Are those your relatives? Mrs. S.: Yes. My brother Steve,my sister-in-Iaw Margie ,and my nephew andniece , Greg and Doris.

Mr. J.: Howdy, folks! It's greatto see you!Mr. S.: Hi! It's really nice to behere!

H.: This is my friend Jean.Mrs. J.: Welcome to HorseshoeRanch!J.: Thanks.

Mrs. S.: Jean's very fond of alisorts of animais. She 'seager to see everything.Mrs. J.: Good , the children willshow her around.

G.: My swans, ducks and geeselove to swim in the pondo


6/29

74 - RG - P7 - Lesson 80

G.: Don't try and pat the calves.The cows may attack you! J.: Look! There are two buJls bythe chicken coop.D.: No, those are oxen. Thebulls are in the barn.

G.: And the pigsty is behind thebarn. J.: Boy! Jt feels great to be aroundanimais. I sure would move tothe country if I could.

J.: Oh! A cockroach on my boot! G Dont knock it off! That'sMildred, my lucky roach.

. ted swimmin~ \1l1d, lI'GOO E - A wild or domestica

PIG - A domestic swine.

CALF - A young cow or bullOX - A male castrated bovine .


7/29

76 - RG - P7 - Lesson 80

R EADING TEXTDAILY CHRONICLE

Those of you who usually read my articles know that I am I 11fond of ali sorts of creatures from roaches to oxen. Actually, IIcould, I would move to a ranch in the country that had a nice hou ,a big barn, a pigsty and a chicken coop. I'd wear boots ali the tlmand have a lot of fun.

It really feels great to be around animais. They help us in so manydifferent ways. Many of them give us food, others make good friendsand some help us to make our language more communicative. If youdon't see how, tell me what this sentence means to you:

"That duck from our school is swimming in the lake!"

You probably know that I am not talking about the friendly bird,but I am talking .about a guy who is probably not very smart and fast.If instead of a duck it were a goose, the person would be a silly guy.On the other hand, if we had a cat it wouldn't mean the animal hadgone crazy and decided to go for a swim. We would be referring toa fast person who is eager to solve difficult situations.

\ 11\1 \\lII'\ 11 IV'Il \\I~I \) , \l\ pl"}

k\l '{ou II IIVfrofl1 \11' J'


8/29

7 8 - RG - P7 - Lesson 80

GRAMMARI. PLURALSAs you know, most plurais are made by adding "s" to the singular formoThere are exceptions to this rule , however. Here are some of them:A. With nouns ending in0- ch - sh - s - ss - x and z, add es.Examples: potatoroachbrush

.busdressboxbuzz

potatoesroachesbrushesbusesdressesboxesbuzzes *

* (buzz - a low, vibrating, continuous sound as of bees,machinery, or people talking)But: piano - pianosphoto - photosOther examples:

I WANT TWELVEDIFFERENT PHOTOS.MY BOYFRIENDLIKES VARIETY.

fUI 1 '1 I.~IW/l l/O

dng in y take s t o form me plural-Following the general rule, nouns en IB.Examples: boy - boysday -days

d y and add ies.h is preceded by a consonant, ropBut w en y 1Examples: partylady

citybabyOther examples:

partiesladiescitiesbabies

BUTWHYDOYOU NEED FIVEDRESSES FORSATURDAY?

BECAUSEI'VE GOTFIVEPARTlESTO GOTO.

I HATE BIG CITlESBECAUSE THEY MAKEME FEEL SO SMALL. .

. the following plural forms:C. Now memorizehalflifeknifeshelfwifethiefcalfwharfsafe

halveslivesknivesshelveswivesthievescalveswharves or wharfssafes


9/29

80 - 81RG _ P 7 - Les so n

li!

D. Now puy attentlon to these p u ral f(ll'II1N:man menwoman wornenfoot feetgoose geesetooth teethchild childrenox oxen

lI. GENDERGender has different forms which you will find easy as you bee rnr 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1with and use them.A. In English most nouns have the same form for mascul ine and fi '/1111 1 /1 1Examples: agent, architect, athlete, teller, cashier, doctor, parent, hl h] ,cousin, teacher, driver, reporter, friend, artist, custem I,

dancer, journalist, inhabitant, neighbor, perscin, pr of esso r,student, ete.Other examples:DAD, I'M GOING OUTWITH A FRIEND. CANYOU GIVE ME S lO?

YOU'RE A GOOD'DANCER, BUT WEWANTED A FEMALEDANCER.

dare used:1I1fferent wor sauntnieceladycowhenbitchgoose

. t denotes tbe sex :nd one e\emen,,, .s In a compou .girl friendsaleswornannursefema\e engineer

boyfriend -sa\eSmanmale nurse -engineer

masculine by adding. f rn thethe feminllle ronouns fonn illnethe suffix ess:managermil\ionaire -lion

manageressmi\\ionairesslioness

UsuaUy o or e are dropped:actreSSambassadresswaitresStigress

actorambassador-waitertiger

. d inh) are maintalllewords (usuaUy FrencfeW cases foreignE. In a. nd feminine:mascuhne afiancblondbrunet

fianceb\ondebrunette


10/29

IM O U F lA S H E S O N P I A C E I

'~

RG - P7 - Lesson 81 - 83

zc nr 8 -'Ic ~5U / I IL1:. _mC"NT _ t r t R D D

S E R P /C E R N N D U N L E , ,c '_"_~_ ' -- :;;;:"

d 't drinkandCoach: Please, o~lt ies are justdrive. The pentoa great.

Cafe" GOO


11/29

- -84 - RG - P7 - Lesson 81

WIlEELCIJAIR - Ch," mo"med on I"ge Wheel, toe o'e by in"lid,or convalescen'ts.

ALCOIJOLlC DRI"" - AOY'bev",ge that con";n, 'leohol, as be",Whiskey, etc.P!J8LlC.,sERVICE ANNOllNCEMENT _ A 'ho" me"'ge, "peo;'l1y

as spoken On .radio ortelevision, which giveso rient at ion to the publico

[ELMPOST I- ..... S & SOCIALITESOCIAL . h t his fansrrl e said t a

l.!::!JusUallY attacked him so. made himildly that rt, he hader the timeemem

, mbat in Vietnam.pent in co, ht he decided toast rng

f 2 a m.et the alarm clock or .,to do hisake him up

to irne he was. But this time hehoppmg.too sleepy to drive. his. g t he interview t Iurin ,

, Stuart Reei said thatmormng, for. the penaltyome timesWhatuccess is just toa heavy .

. tha t nowakes things worse ISt has finally beenhat his secre

'1 1 be' fans WIrevealed, IS h'. during ISo follow himsure .. to thecturnal VISltSuture no h

kets in Palm Beac .upermar

Stuart Reeil l i J ock starR h d into a lamppostras e. , his Jaguarile dnvmg .

w at 3 a.rn. Luckilyyesterday ts not seriously hurtuart wa d' and shoulthe accident

m d ysthe hospital in two a .leave whenIt ali happened. back frorntuart was commg .ermarket m4-hour 7/13 Sup

a h Florida. Thealm Beac,d a test foro passeinger, wfter therunk driving a

ident affirmed that he hadccinent , . Hhile driving. eallen asleep w , ed

' d that he enJoyxplaine hod but that ehopping for fo. ht Becausead to do it at rug .

, , he had alwayshis populantyo . aid of entenngeen afrairmarket during the day.upe ... - - - - - - - - - -

READING TEXT


12/29

86 - RG - P7 - Lesson 81

GRAMMARPassive VoiceObserve these sentences:Present TenseActive Voice: Mrs. O'Neil I

subject

Passive Voice: I'------

Active Voice:

"1Passive Voice: I : = t - ~i'. The flowersJ ;re taken

subjectOther examples:

the yard.object

by Mrs. O'Neil.lagent

the flowers.1object

by Mrs. O'Neil.lagent

RG - P7 - Lesson 81 - 87

Past TenseActive Voice: \ Mrs. O'Neil \

subject objectthe yard.

Passive Voice: I ~ .,< ) 0 ." ' J - ~ < } " /he yard was cleanedsubject

I by Mrs. O'Neil. \agent

Active Voice: Mrs.O'Neil the flowers.objectsubject

Passive Voice: I by Mrs. O'Neil. \agent

The flow~ssubject

Other examples:1010. IORGANIZEOALL OFTI-\EM

Formation of the Passive Voice:1. The object of the active becomes the subject of the passive.2. In the passive, the verb "to be" is conjugated in the same tense inwhich the active verb appears, but in agreement with the subject.3. After the verb "to be " comes the past participle of the active verbo4. The subject of the active becomes the agent of the passive, precededby the preposition "by," and is usually placed at the end of the sentence.


13/29

88 - RG - P7 - Lesson 81

Other examples:Present TenseActive Voice:

Passive Voice: 1 ' - - _

Active Voice: A coach

Passive Voice: ' L . [ ~

Past TenseActive Voice:

Passive Voice:

Active Voice:

Passive Voice:

Jasonsubject

The boysubject

subject

the horse.object

bymyhusband.agent

athletes. ]

by a coach.agent

I the window. ]agent

by Jason. ]agent

the butterflies.agent

by the boy.agent

, E ' -S - "N B - JL :J LI" CS T R U C TU R R L L E 5 5 0 1 Y

, \1"" /I

Mrs. Donovan: Officer! My goldwatch was stolen on that bus.Policeman: Are you sure,ma'am?Mrs. Donovan: Most definitely!Policeman: Isn't your watch onyour right wrist?Mrs. Donovan: Gosh! What arelief!

Mrs. Kowalsky: Honey, I wantto buy that jewelry safe beforeChristmas.Mr. Kowalsky: But, Kim, safesare bought bypeople who havejewelry.

Mrs. Kowalsky: Sugar, a Iittle birdtold me Santa intends to bringme some jewelry. And Isuspect it'1l be that emeraldnecklace.

Brian: I'd like to make a collectcall to Edinburgh, Scotland.Operator: There will be a30-minute wait, sir. Ali theIines are busy.

Brian: So, how about chattingwhile we wait?


14/29

90 - RG - P7 - l.esson 82

Mrs. Brown: It's amazing butsigns don't seem to be read byanyone nowadays!Is that man illiterate?Doug: He's probably literate,Mom, but how can he mow thegrass if he doesn't step on it?

SAFE - A secure box to keep money, jewelry, etc.FIREPLACE - An open structure in a room for containing a fire.PERSON- TO-PERSON CALL - A telephone call that is only chargedif the person you want to speak toanswers the phone.LOCAL CALL - A telephone call that is restricted to a particular areaor city.LONG-DISTANCE CALL - A national telephone call to a city outsidethe area where the call is being made.INTERNATIONAL CALL - A telephone call to a different country fromwhere the call is being made.

RG - P7 - Lesson 82 - 91

GRAMMARPassive Voice (Continued)Read these sentences:Active: Somebody sto\e my watch on that bus.Passive: My watch was stolen on that bus.Active: They took my baby on Friday.Passive: My baby was taken on Friday.As you can see in the above examples, when the subject of the ActiveVoice is indefinite (e.g. somebody, they, everybody, etc.) it's. usuallyomitted in the Passive Voice.Now observe these sentences:Active: No one can see her anymore.Passive: She cannot be seen anymore.If the subject of the Active Voice is a negative indefinite pronoun(e.g. no one, nobody), it's usually omitted and the verb must becomenegative in the Passive Voice.Active: Nobody seems to read signs nowadays.Passive: Signs don't seem to be read by anybody nowadays.If it is desired to emphasize the negative, the agent of the passive isused. In this case, no and its derivatives are changed for any and itsderivatives preceded by the preposition by.Another example:

DEAR' I'MSO GLAD TOSEE YOU! OURCAR WAS _,lmt


15/29

L92 - RG - P7 - Lesson 82

I F E I N TF l A S H E S 0 1 A P A R T M E N fR E n G

$6 95 - $1250. Short term o E tegslud lo ~ l BR a pl s. C o lo r TV lmens ,new kllchens & lurnishings, alia c c e s s o r i es . M aid s v c . a v a i l. THESUITES on Nob Hill. 781 -50 40 '397-7747 '

C O R P O R A T E H O U SI N GF I R Mnee ds lu rn/unlu rn ap ls lor employees

0 1 m ajor N Y lirm s. Lo ng/s h or t l erm.S hr s a ls o n eeded . G d r ei s. N o l ee scharged . F or reli ab le lenanls call21 2/242-4 228 lir 21 2/989 -7336 9-5on-Fri. .

I d slud lO sulle1 I 0w a~out a tt ar~:I~ vo u tl nd y o urwl lh kllc hene eI' Call now ,torr ea l a pa rt m en . bul ldlng h8lInlormatl024 hOi ::edoormen, laundrv -elevalor, - d s n ea r C o lu m bl alac ililles an Iun lverslly.

NC - 1'7 /,( 'SS O /( 83 - 93

T I, . ' CDI' I I'I E RC /f lL - L 7U fl/ ~ E~ ' CQ , '~ / ~B I < R / ~

Girl: Hi! What are you eating? Boy: Quakr Com Bran.

Girl: Oh, Quaker Com Bran.What's bran? Boy: I don't know, but I like it.

Girl: Hey, maybe bran is the stuffthat makes it taste good.Boy: I don't know.


16/29

94 - RG - P7 - Less on 83 no - 1 '7 1 '; l,f ,I 'II /J IV v,~

Girl: Maybe there's branice cream. m Girl: There must be bran inchocolate cake.Boy: I don't know.

Voice: Quaker Com Bran. Kidsdon't know why they like it, ... Voice: ... but they like it.

Girl: There's gotta be bran mlollipops.

STUFF - Indefinite things or substance.

'CEREAL - Any kind of gra in used for food, as com, rice, etc,


17/29

96 - RG - P7 - Lesson 83

READING TEXTJULIUS' ADVENTURE

Nowadays TV commercials are so sophisticated and convincing thatthey greatiy influence the lives of most TV spectators, especially children.With their special computer effects, they certainly make children dream ...Here goes the story of a boy who, Iike thousands of other Americanboys, was influenced by a TV commercial:Julius Brown was a typical nine-year-old: very creative, energeticand highly imaginative. One day he got home from school and askedhis mother for something to eat.What he really (wanted to have was a piece of chocolate cake orice cream and cookies-:.However, he was sure his mother would preparesornething healthier but Iess tasty.Five minutes later, there carne his mother with hot milk and cereal.Julius sat in front of the cereal bowl and told himself: "It's Bran.Why do I always have to eat stuff Iike this?"However, just as he was preparing to take a half-fil led spoon tohis mouth, he heard a voice answer him, "Because it's good for you.And besides it tastes great!"He looked ali around him but saw nobody. But he was perfect1ysure he had heard it. Then he heard the voice again: "Quaker ComBran is wonderful! It's as good as eat ing a lol lipop."This time Julius was sure. It had come from the bowl. Lookingdown at the bowl, Julius .saw a Corn-Bran-Man sitting on it. Hecould not bel ieve his eyes. Julius: "Do you really exist? Do I reallyhear Bran-Man talking to me?" Bran-Man spoke again: ,"Pai, can't yousee me here? I'm just trying to convince you I'rn good. I maybe a littie ugly but I know I'm super. You'll play a hundredtimes better if you eat me."Julius was convinced: "Boy! You're really somethingl I'mgoing to tell ... " "You're not going to tell anybo~. It's asecret between Bran-Man and you. And now if you doJf


18/29

98 - RG - P7 - Lesson 84

Personal guide: In and aroundTimes Square, and onBroadway, there are overthirty theaters.

Tourist: No one ever told me thistour would be so much fun.

RG - P7 - Lesson 84 - 99

READING TEXTNarrator: Since the 19th century, when it was donated by the French,the Statue of Liberty has been greeting millions of immigrantsfrom ali over the world .. Many of these immigrants have concentrated their shopsin certain ethnic areas, Iike the Jews in Orchard Street , thePuerto Ricans in Spanish Harlem, with i ts colorful doors;the Chinese in Chinatown, one of the most exotic areas;and the Italians in Little Italy, a must for those who

appreciate a good pizza and spaghetti.=Maletourist: With so many people having to go to work every day,transportation must be a problem._Personal guide: Not really. Bus lines operate 24hours a day and there'sa subway station onpractically everycomer of Manhattan.A number ofpeople use thesubway stations togive performancesand to make someeating money.Female tourist: Wow! With shows Iike this, waiting for a train

is a pleasure.Personal guide: Now let's get a breath of fresh air for a Iittle while.This is South Street Seaport. It's a place that offersfree fun in a very pl;asant atmosphere.

\ 'i-Male tourist: Aren't these puppets something?IPersonal guide: Back again in the busy city.;;j/


19/29

- - - ~ . , , - -00 - RG - P7 - Lesson 84The Empire State Building is still the most famouskyscraper in New York, aIthough no longer the talIest.The twin towers of the World Trade Center are taller,

Fema/e tourist: How tal l is the World Trade Center?Persona/ guide: A hundred and ten stories.

rtMa/e tourist: Boy! The view from this observation dec is breathfaking!c.Fema/e touri,st: Someone told me night Iife was great in Manhattan.Personal guide: That's right. In and around Times Square, and on

Broadway, there are over thirty theaters, w rh musicaIsand pIays to suit ali tastes.You'lI probably enjoy yourself with the streetentertainment just as rnuch as at the theater _ andspend less.The Big AppIe is just great for Sports fans.Baseball isTHE sport in America. Frorn Apri! throughearly October, you can be sure there will be thrillinggames at Shea Stadium, in Queens, and at YankeeStadium, in the Bronx.The football season goes from September throughDecember" when the Jets pIay at Shea Stadium andthe Giants at Giant's Stadium, in the MeadowlandsSports CompIex in New Jersey. Tickets for footballgames are hard to get because of the grearnumber of fans.Basketball is also much appreciated here in the BigApple. The season goes from late October to earIyApril.No matter how seriousIy you take sports, you willcertainly enjoy some unexpected moments too!

Mate tourist: No one ever told me this tour would be so much fun!

RG - P7 - Voe. List - 101

VOCABULARY LIST. I definitions.words and expressions with simp eThis list contams new . for further reference.The respective lesson numbers are given

A od = a minimum of - L.. 73 L 82a go =.Somebody told me ... _ .little bird told me...about = near - L. 78actually = in fact - L. 74additional - L. 77 k to someone _ L. 79to = to spea L 81address someone, . fi ence or change _ .affect to = to cause to suffer an m u, - t e of dog - L. 78Afghan hound - .a. yp. di r g opposition, collision oragainst = preposition m ica mimpact - L. 81 . I h I _ L 81. . = drink that contains a co o .1cohohc drink '.ts - ali kinds - L. 80 .alI sor - . . that introduces a contrasting1though = conjunctioncircumstance - L. 84

Ame~ica....:~o~~~ some of; surrounded by - L. 73among -. L 73 .area = reglOn - . r station under the authontyt to = to take a person to a po Icerres,of thelaw - L. 78at least = no less than - L. 75. ment-L. 84tmosphere = environt to hurt - L. 80attack to = to ry . L 73' t th attenton of - . Iattract, to = to ge e . . ualit and quantity; 2. the resu taverage = 1. usual or tYPI.c~1m q eth:r and dividing the total byof adding several quantties togthe number of quantities - L. 78- to or at a distance - L. 79way -

B baby - L. 78 . th top back or sidesbald = having no hair on e ,f the head - L. 79 I and other farmo d building for keeping cerea sarn = covereproducts - L. 80


20/29

102 - RG - P7 - Voe. List

be about to, to = to be on the point of - L. 79be fond (of), to = to like (someone or something) - L. 80be in, to = to be at home or in the office - L. 73be paralyzed, to = to be affected with total or partial loss ofsensation, especially of muscle function - L. 81be under arrest, to = to be made a prisoner under the authorityof the law - L. 78be with, to - L. 75bet on something, to = to risk money on something - L. 79beat up, to = to st rike someone repeatedly - L. 79biology - L. 77Black (race) - L. 73Black culture - L. 73blind = not able to see - L. 77boot = covering for the foot and ali or part of the leg - L. 80border line = frontier - L. 73borough = administrative division - L. 73bran = small pieces of some types of cereais - L. 83break up (with), to = to f inish a relationship - L. 76breathe, to = to respire - L. 75breath = 1. respira tion; 2. odor from a person's mouth - L. 75breathe in, to = to inhale - L. 75breathe out, to = to exhale - L. 75bring (along), to = to take something as an accompanyingitem -L. 77Broadway = an avenue in Manhattan - L. 84broke = past tense of "to break" - L. 76broken = past participle of "to break" - L. 76Brooklyn = a borough in New York - L. 73brotherhood = fraternity, the feeling of brother forbrother - L. 73bud = pai; brother (informal) - L. 79buli = male bovine capable of reproduction - L. 80busy (phone line) = not available - L. 82buttert1y = f1yinginsect with multicolored wings - L. 79by = near - L. 80

c cake = sweet mixture of f1our, butter, eggs, etc. baked inan oven - L. 83calf = young cow or buli - L. 80

RG - P7 - Voe. Lisl- 103

California = a state in the U .S.A. - L. 76call to = to give a name - L. 73, .calm down, to = to relax - L. 75calves = plural of calf - L. 80catch, to = to capture, to intercept - L. 79Central Park = large park in uptown Manhattan - L. 73century = period of a hundred years - L. 84champion = first in a competition - L. 78charm = power of attracting - L. 73 .chat to = to have a light, informal conversatlOn - L. 82chcken coop = enclosed place for keeping chickens - L. 80chop, to = to cut into small pieces - L. 79coach = person who trains athletes or sports teams - L. 81cockroach = dark-brown insect that appears in kitchens or places

where food is kept - L. 80cold = common respiratory problem - L. 79collect call = telephone call paid for the person whoaccepts it - L. 82combat = fight (armed battle) - L. 81complain, to = to express dissatisfaction aboutsomething - L. 78convenient - L. 77coro = type of cereal - L. 83corn bran = very small pieces of com - L. 83cough, to = to expel air from the lungs suddenlyand noisily - L. 75crawl, to = to move slowly, pulling the body along theground - L. 79creature = animal - L. 77cricket = small insect - L. 77cry, to = to produce tear - L. 79

culture - L. 73

D decade = period of ten years - L. 73definitely = certainly - L. 78divide, to - L. 73do someone's best, to = to do everything possible - L. 73doll = toy - L. 79


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104 - RG - P7 - Voc. List RG - P7 - Voc. List - 105

donate, to = to give as a present - L. 84Dr. = Doctor - L. 75drink = liquid for drinking - L. 81driving (noun) = the act of driving - L. 81drunk (adj.) = intoxicated by alcohol-, L. 81duck = wild or domesticated swimming bird - L. 80

E eager (adj.) = full of strong desire to do something - L. 80ear = organ for hearing - L. 78Edinburgh = capital of Scotland - L. 82emerald = precious green stone - L. 82emergency =. sudden, unexpected occurrence requiringimmediate action - L. 77emergency nstructons = instructions explaining what to doin an emergency - L. 77end = limit - L. 73entertain, to = to amuse; to interest - L. 73envious = feeling or expressing envy - L. 74envy = feeling of jealousy - L. 74envy, to =. to feel envy - L. 74ethnic - L. 84experiment, to = to make experiments - L. 77extreme = greatest - L. 77

F facility (installation) = something constructed, installed, etc.to make life easier - L. 73feature = any prominent ar distinctive aspect, quality archaracteristic - L. 73fee = payment for professional services - L. 77feet = plural of foot - L. 78female = pertaining to the femine sex - L. 73fireplace = open recess for holding a fire at the base ofa chimney - L. 82Ou = contagious disease characterized by fever, etc. - L. 75

folks = people ar family - L. 80foot (measurement) = equivalent to 30.48 centimeters - L. 78frighten (away), to = to make a person or an animal afraid,so that it goes away - L. 79fun = enjoyment - L. 84

G garbage = things that have no use - L. 77garbage can = container for garbage - L. 77geese = plural of goose - L. 80general practitioner = a doctor without specialization in aspecific medical area - L. 75go dead, to = to stop functioning - L. 77God bless you! = expression addressed to a person whohas just sneezed - L. 79goose = wild ar domesticated swimming bird - L. 80gospel = life and teachings of Jesus Christ andHis apostles - L. 73gotta = got to - L. 83grade = school division - L. 77grass = lawn - L. 82great = large - L. 81green (paIe) = calor usually associated with envy - L. 74green with envy = envious - L. 74Greenwich Village = are a in downtown Manhattan - L. 73greet, to = to welcome - L. 84

H handicapped = person who has some sort of physical ar mentaldisability - L. 81Harlem = area in uptown Manhattan - L. 73healthy = in good physical and mental condition - L. 75hit = past tense and past participle of "to hit" - L. 81hit , to = to knock, to strike - L. 81to.hold one's breath = to retain breath in the lungs - L. 75home = center - L. 73horseshoe = a U-shaped iron piece for horses' foot - L. 80Howdy! = Helio! - L. 80


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106 - RG - P7 - Voe, List

hunch = intuition - L. 79husband = masculine of "wife" - L. 79hypochondriac = perso' "n given to Imagmary diseases _ L. 75

I Isure would - L. 80ideal-L. 73iIIiterate = person who doesn't know how to d

' reaor wnte - L. 82imagine, to - L. 75immigrant = perso hid n w o moves to a Country for permanentresi ence - L. 84importance - L. 77in and around - L. 84in a moment - L. 75in case of (before nouns) = in the event of _ L. 77information - L. 77~n~ = smalI hotel, specialIy for travelers _ L. 74mSlst, to = to declare or request someth' ,, mg in anemphane way - L. 78instruction - L. 77intend to = to h h' ,.' ave t e mtentlOn of - L. 82mtercom = interco ". mmumcatlOn system - L 75mternational call = calI to a fore '. . orelgn country - L. 82IDVlte,~o, = to request someone's presence orpar tIclpation - L. 74irresponsibility = I k fac o sense of responsibility _ L 81It feels + (adj.) = '. ', J. expresslon equivatenr toIt s a (n) + (adj.) -L. 80It's a shame = expression referring to SOllethin ouare sorry about - L. 74 g Y

J ~ewelry = jewels colIectively _ L. 82JO Y stick = contraI stick used to play video games _ L. 79

RG - P7 - Voe, List - 107

kidnap, to = to take a person without his permission to serveas pratection ar to exchange for something - L. 78kidnapper = person who kidnaps - L. 78kidnapping = the act of kidnapping - L. 78kit = set of tools for performing certa in kinds of jobs -- L. 77knock (off), to = to remove something off a surfaceby knocking it - L. 80

L line (phone) - L. 82lterate = ab1e t o read and write - L. 82Little ltaly = place downtown Manhattan - L. 84local call = call restricted to the same city or area - L. 82lodge = rustic cottage or hotel- L. 74lollipop = piece of hard candy - L. 83long distance call = cal l made to different city or area - L. 82lung = main respiratory organ - L. 75

M 'MADD = Mothers Against Drunk Driving - L. 81maid (female servant) = woman who performsdomestic tasks - L. 76make one's way to the top = to achieve recognition orsuccess - L. 73male = pertaining to the masculine sex - L. 73Manhattan = borough in New York - L. 73manual - L. 77marble = littIe glass ball - L. 79material - L. 77may (can) - L. 80meeting = encounter for a specific purpose - L. 77midtown = the part of a city between downtown anduptown - L. 73million - L. 73miniature - L. 77mommy = mom; mother - L. 76most = very - L. 82


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108 - RG - P7 - Voc. USI

motor - L. 77mouth - ..- openmg m the body through which foodIS taken - L. 75mow to - to t . h' _ - eu wit a mowing machine - L. 82music - the art of combining sounds and rhythmelody and harmony _ L. 73 m,

musician = prof . Issiona who produces music - L. 73

N narrator - L. 84neither = not one or the other - L. 79New York - L. 73news = report on c .rrent event; information - L 74next door = to, at or in the next building ho .room, etc. _ L. 78 ' use, apartment,no longer = not anymore - L. 84no ,one = nobody - L. 79none = not one - L. 79nothing = not anything - L. 79nowadays = at present times - L. 82nowhere = not anywhere - L. 79

o obedience - L. 77offer, to - L. 73onion = type of vegetable - L. 79operator (phone) - L. 82order (command) - L. 77Oregon = a state in the U .S.A. - L. 76other = additional; extra - L. 73over = more than - L. 84over the weekend = alI through the weekend - L 77ox - mal .e castrated bovine - L. 80oxen = plural of ox - L. 80

p pa~alyz~, ~o = to bring to a condition of hei Imactivity _ L. 81 P esspat, to = . to strike qu~ckly and gentIy with the hand as anexpression of affection - L. 80

RG - P7 - Voc. List - 109

penalty = 1. painful consequences of a person's actions;2. punishment for some wrongdoing - L. 81

performer = person ~ho gives shows - L. 73person-to-person call = a caIl which is only chargedwhen the person wanted speaks on the line - L. 82personal guide - L. 84picnic site = area for picnic - L. 73pig = domest ic swine - L. 80pigsty = encIosed place for pigs - L. 80pizza - L. 84pleasant = agreeable; enjoyable -:- L. 84pond = area of water smaller than a lake - L. 80poor = unlucky - L. 78probably = presumably; in ali probability - L. 74public-service announcement = TV or radio message giving.orientation to the public - L. 81

Q Queens = borough in New York City - L. 73question = matter - L. 77

R Radio City Music HaU - L. 84ranch = extensive farm with a large number of caule,sheep or horses - L. 80read ;= past tense and past participle of "to read" - L. 82

referee = arbiter in certain sports - L. 79relative = person connected to another by blood or

marriage - L. 80relief = alleviation - L. 82right now = at this precise moment - L.74roach = cockroach - L. 80Rockefeller Center - L. 84Rocky Mountains = mountain system in North A111 'I \' \root (for), to = to encourage; to support - L. 7l

II


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110 - RG - P7 - Voe. List RG - P7 - Voe. List - 11 1

s safe = seeure box for keeping jeweIry, money, ete. - L. 82Santa = Santa Claus - L. 82Scotland = division of the United Kingdom in the Northernpart of Great Britain - L. 82scratch = 1. to mark a surfaee with sharp orpointed objeet; 2. to move the fingernails on the skin to alIeviateirritation - L. 76

secretary = person employed to do routine work in anoffiee - L. 76section = distinet or separated part - L. 73set up, to = to arrange - L. 77several = more than two, but fewer than many - L. 73s ex - L. 76shame = regrettable faet or cireumstanee - L. 74shape = 1. form (round, square, ete.); 2. general physicaleondition - L. 75shop -'L. 84shopper = person who buys things - L. 73show around, to = to guide someone around - L. 80Shucks! = mild expression of dissatisfaetion - L. 77sign = name, direetion, warning or advertisement on aboard or plate - L. 82site = area - L. 73skyscraper = very talI building - L. 84sneeze = sudden, uneontrolIable outburst of air through thenose or mouth - L. 79sneeze, to = to make a sneeze - L. 79so = in this ease - L. 82so much - L. 78song = musical pieee with words - L. 73sore = painful, hurting - L. 75sore throat - L. 75sound, to = to seem to be - L. 73South Street Seaport - L. 84spaghetti = Italian speeiaity - L. 84spent ~ past tense and past participle of "to spend" - L. 81spider = type of inseet - L. 77

spirit - L. 73start , to = to bring into operation - L. 77State~ Island = borough in New York - L. 73statue = three-dimensional work of art - L. 84Statue of Liberty - L. 84steal, to = to take something away without i ts owner'spermission - L. 79step on, to = to plaee a foot or both feet onsomething - L. 82

stole = past tense of "to steal" - L. 79stolen = past partieiple of "to steal" - L. 79stool = seat without arms or baek - L. 79stork = large long-Iegged and long-neeked bird - L. 76storyteller = person who tells stories - L. 76strict = exaeting in enforeing rules, obligation - L. 77studious = person who Iikes studying - L. 77stuff = 1. material of whieh something is made;2. any material or substanee whose name is uneertain,unknown or unimportant to the speaker - L. 83subject = matter - L. 77sugar = darling - L. 82suspect, to = to believe - L. 82swan = aquatic bird with long neek - L. 80

T taste, to = to have a distinet flavor; to experieneesomething by taking it into the mouth - L. 83tell apart, to = to distinguish one person or thingfrom another - L. 76telllies, to = not to say what is true - L. 76Thank Heavens! = expression of alIeviation - L. 75That figures! = expression used when someone doesor says something already expeeted - L. 79The Bronx = borough in New York - L. 73The Empire State Building - L. 84the French = the Freneh people or nation - L. 84the other way around = the opposite- L. 74


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112 - RG - P7 - Voe. List

thousands of - L. 73throat = passage located at the back of the mouththrough which food passes - L. 75 't~row away, to = to discard something of no use - L. 77Times Square - L. 84turn = t~me for somebody to do something

accordmg to a pre-established arder - L. 75type (kind) = sort - L. 73type, to = to write by machine - L. 76typewriter = machine used for typing - L. 76

U uptown = upper part of a city - L. 73useless = of no use - L. 77

V vendor person who sells - L. 73Vietnam = a country in Asia - L. 81vital = extremely important- L. 77

W wait (noun) - L. 82want in, to = to want to enter - L. 76want out, to = to want to leave - L. 76What e lse? - L. 74wheelchair = chair mounted on large wheels - L. 81whenever = every time that - L. 79w~ether (ar not) = if (not indicating condition) - L. 77wlde = to the fuIl extent - L. 75worm = bilateral invertebrate - L. 77would rather = prefer - L. 79wrist = point between hand and arm - L. 82

Y Yah Yeah - L. 77

RG - P7 - Use of Verbs - 113

LIST DF VERBSInfinitive Past Tense Past Participle

A to affect affected affectedto afford afforded affordedto answer answered answeredto appreciate appreciated appreciatedto arrest arrested arrestedto arrive arrived arrivedto ask asked askedto attack attacked attackedto attract attracted attracted

B to bake baked bakedto be was;were beento bea t beat beaten (beat)to behave behaved behavedto believe believed believedto belong belonged belongedto bet bet betto blink blinked blinkedto break broke brokento breathe breathed breathedto bring brought broughtto borrow borrowed borrowedto buy bought bought

C to call caUed calledto calm calmed calmedto catch caught caughtto celebrate celebrated ceIebratedtochange changed changedto charge charged chargedto chat chatted chattedto chop chopped choppedto check checked checked


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RG - P7 - List o] v erbs 111IIn 1; - P7 - List of Verbs

Past Tense Past ParticlpleInfinitive Past Tense Past Participle Infinitive

needed neededIto ice-skate ice-skated ice-skated N to need noticed noticedto imagine imagined imagined to noticeo improve improved improvedoffered offered

to include included included O to offer opened openedto insist insisted insisted to open ordered orderedto intend intended intended to arder owned ownedto introduce introduced introduced to owno invite invited

invited painted paintedto paint paralyzed paralyzedJ to join joined joined to paralyze parked parkedto jurnp jumped jumped to park passed passedo pass patted pattedK to keep kept kept to pat phoned phonedto kid kidded kidded to phone picked pickedto kidnap kidnapped kidnapped to pick pinchedto kilI ' killed kilIed to pinch pinched playedlayedto knock knocked knocked to play postponed postponedo postpone poured poured

L to leave left Ieft to pour practiced practicedto Iike Iiked Iiked to practice preferred preferredto Iisten listened listened to prefer

putto live lived Iived to put puto locate located located

rained rainedto lock locked locked R to rain realized realizedto look looked looked to realize recognized recognizedto lose Iost lost to recognize recovered recoveredto lave Ioved loved to recover re-created re-createdo re-create registered registered

Mto mail mailed mailed to register relaxed relaxedto manufacture manufactured manufactured to relax remembered rememb r ,( Ito marry married married to remember rentedentedto mean meant meant to rent repaircdto meet met met to repair repaired

repcut depeatedto miss missed missed to repeat reserved reserv - t ito move moved moved to reserve

res t -c Iestedto mow mowed mown

to rest


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118 - RG - P7 - List of Verbs RG - P7 - List of Verbs - J19

Infinitive Past Tense Past Participle Infinitive Past Tense Past Participle

to return returned returned to take took takenTto ring rang rung to talk talked talkedto roller-skate roller-skated roller-skated to taste tasted tastedto root rooted rooted to tell told toldto thank thanked thankedS to save saved saved to think thought

thoughtto scare scared scared to throw threw thrownto scratch scratched scratched to ticket ticketed ticketedto see saw seen to top topped toppedto seem seemed seemed to train trained trainedto serve served served to traveI traveled traveledto set set set to try tried triedto shop shopped shopped to turn turned turnedto show showed shown to type typed typedto sing sang sungto sit sat sat to unlock unlocked unlockedUto ski skied skied to use used usedto slice sliced slicedto smile smiled smiled to visit visited visitedVto smoke smoked smokedto sneeze sneezed sneezed w = wait waited waitedto sound sounded sounded to walk walked walkedto spell spelled spelled to want wanted wantedto stand stood stood to wash washed washedto start started started to watch watched watchedto starve starved starved waved wavedto waveto stay stayed stayed to weigh weighed weighedto steal stole stolen worked workedto workto step stepped stepped to worry worried worriedto stop stopped stoppedto strike struck stricken yelled yelledto study studied y to yellstudiedto suppose supposed supposedto surf surfed surfedto suspect suspected suspected


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curso CCAA regular 7 parte 20001