Curso CCAA Regular 6 Parte 1

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2-VEC-B6 VEC-B6-3

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

PUBLlSHING HOUSE®3181 Coral Way

Miami, FL 33145

USA

W' IIIVI m de reference in this book to a trademark for the sole

1111''' li! I n u ring a more real-life flavor to the various situations

II 1111i 10 ur students. We do not want to infer or imply in any manner

,li I "I IIIxl t a relationship or association between the authors and/or

I 11!t1l111 "d the named entity. We wish to take this opportunity to

I IIl1wll (j the trademark usage:RINTED IN BRAZIL

COPYRIGHT © 1995 by CCLS PUBLlSHING HOUSE®(JClk - The Coca-Cola Company

Ali r ights reserved. No part of this publication or related recordings may be

reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by

any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise

without the prior permission of the publisher.

W re grateful to the following for permission to reproduce

1111YII ht material:

Arkansas - Arkansas Department of Parks & Tourism

111Kitchen and The Miami Herald

usch Spots - Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc.

Fleishman Hillard, Inc.

Copyright 1991, USA TODA Y

Dunkin' Donuts - Dunkin' Donuts

Hank Ketcham and © North America Syndicate

Hellman's Dijonnaise - Best Foods, a Division of CPC Internationallnc.

King Features Syndicate, Inc.

Kmart - K-Mart Corporation

Five Star ® Notebooks - Mead - School and Office Products Division

Soloflex Muscle Machine - Soloflex® Muscle Machines

The Art Institute of Ft. Lauderdale - EMC Marketing & Advertising, Inc.

Tribune Media Services, Inc.

United Feature Syndicate, Inc.

Ziggy and Friends Inc. Distributed by Universal Press Syndicate

ISBN: 85-341-0032-2

Editor in Chief: Waldyr Lima

Executive Editor: Melissa Mitchell

Program Coordinator: Morgaine Landsford

Storyline Editors: David Hazelhurst

H. Paige Graham

Morgaine Landsford

Maureen Joan McCarthy

Belinda Inez Yanda

Editorial Consultants: H. Paige Graham

Thomas Edward Hasek

Production Supervisor: Wanda Sherwood

Development Editors: David Hazelhurst

Morgaine Landsford

Michele Andrea Markowitz

Maureen Joan McCarthy

Belinda Inez Yanda

Cover: Victor H. Brunnelle

Storyline and Interior Artists: Carl M. Lewis; Robert Merola; Sidney

Silver; Willard A. Oliver



V I I 1 11 VEC-B6-5

VIDEO ENGLlSH COURSE LIST OF CONTENTS

FACEPAGE

The Video English Course is the result of years of work by a team 01

researchers and writers who have been studying and making use of th

latest developments in teaching English as a foreign language. The seria

has been carefully planned and organized so as to guide students to an

act ive assimi la tion of natural, everyday American English. Students learn

both spoken and written English and the appropriate language for different

situations: the formal speech used with strangers and the informal speech

used with friends. They become acquainted wi th American language and

culture through the study of newspaper articles, TV programs and

commercials.

, " '1 1 ' I V , mm rcists - Mead's Flve- Star ® Notebooks - 7

" 1 Attln tltute ot Ft. Lauderdale

( IIAMMAJ EVIEW

, I r 1 1 1 1 I Commercials - Arkansas - KmartSM 23

')' IN I lAVE GOT ANO HAS GOT

1) 1 IN HAVE GOT TO ANO HAS GOT TO

! /1 / nt on s 37

I1 rAKES/IT TOOK ANO IT TAKES/IT TOOK + PERSON

MANY, A FEW ANO FEWThomas Edward Hasek and H. Paige Graham served as full-time

Engl ish Language Consultants for the Video English series. Mr. Hasek

received Master's Oegrees from the University of Missouri and Indiana

University. Mr. Graham. received his Master's Oegree from the University

of South Florida.

II Ituations 51

IT WILL TAKE ANO IT WILL TAKE + PERSON

AS FAR AS, UNTlL, ANO UP TO

MIGHT

BOOK6 Sltuatians 63

HE PRESENT PERFECT TENS E VS. THE SIMPLE PAST

TENSE

USING EXPRESSIONS OF TIME - FROM ... TOI TlLLI UNTlL

ANO FROM ... THROUGH

FOR, SINCE, DURING

USING HOW LONG TO ASK QUESTIONS ABOUT TIME

II

Book 6 of the Video English Course is designed for teen-age students

who have prior knowledge of English. Book 6 is the sixth book of

the Course.

Natural everyday American speech is presented in the dialogues

which serve as the basis for ali the subsequent classroom work. These

dialogues present everyday life situations such as traveling, going

shopping, having fun, etc. Situatians 78

SPECIAL VERBS

TAG QUESTIONS

BY + REFLEXIVE PRONOUN

A L1TTLE, L1TTLE ANO MUCH

Grammar points are inductively presented in the lesson texts.

Book 6 contains 340 new words.

67 Situatians

USING DO, DOES OR DID FOR EMPHASIS

OROER OF AOJECTIVES

95



6-VEC-B6 VEC - B6 - Lesson 61 - 7

LESSON6168

t

From TV Commercia/s - Dunkin' Donuts® -

Anheuser-Busch® Companies

USED TO

VERB + ING AFTER PREPOSITIONS

USING MUSTTO EXPRESS OBLlGATION

1 I

WORDS IN ACTION

69 Situations

THE PAST PERFECT TENSE - FORMATION

USING THE PAST PERFECT TENSE

THE PAST PERFECT TENSE + TIME EXPRESSIONS

THE PAST PERFECT TENSE + AFTER/BEFORE

11

drums drumstieks70 From TV Commercia/s - Hellman's Oijonnaise® -

Anheuser-Busch® Companies

PAST PERFECT OR SIMPLE PAST TENSE?

13 2

71 Situations

NO, NOTHING, NO ONE OR NOBODY ANO NOWHERE

13 9

72 Situations 14 9

II • shooting a free throw. That 's the f ree throw l ine.

,peneil sharpeners



8 - VEC - 66 - Lesson 61

WHAT'S GOING ON?

She's sharpening the peneil.

VEC - 66 - Lesson 61 - 9

TEXT

FROM TV COMMERCIALS

MEAD'S FIVE·STAR® NOTEBOOKS

V 10 -over: Don't"01 books should be o_u..b?

MI « rs Five·Star® notebooks are

tr n and last long.

V 1 -over: They're tough enough

to urvlve free throws, high-speed

« tI I s, and canine sabotage.

V 10 -over: Who knows?They mayv n survive a semester of

« II ulus. Sut wil l you?

Voice-over: They're tough enough

to survive plane crashes and drum

rolls.

Voice-over: As a matter of fact,they can stand up to just about

anything.

Voice-over: Mead's Five·Star®notebooks - they are as tough as

you are. Maybe even tougher.



10 - VEC - B6 - Lesson61 VEC-B6-Lesson61-11

THE ART INSTlTUTE DF FT. LAUDERDALE

Voice-over: I f you're looking for a

career in commercial art, come to

the Art Institute.

Voice-over: At the Art Institute,

you'll sharpen your technical skills

and develop your personal creativity.

Volo -over: With your talent and

u r I r Inlng, there's no tel ling how

r Ir y u can go.

Voice-over: Vou may have

imagination and talent, but you

won't get anywhere wi thout ski ll s.

' / / l V : Mead's Five·Star® notebooks are tough enough to survive almost

nything, including you. Five·Star® - only from Mead. Built strong

to last long.

Voice-over: And you'lI learn from

experienced professionals.

,,/ 1 I -over: You're creative. Vou have imagination and talent. You're looking

for a career in art. But one thing is missing: skills.

We're the Art Institute, and we can help you prepare for a

career in commerc ia l art.

AI the Art Institute, you'lI learn from experienced

professionals. You'l l sharpen your technical ski lls and develop

your personal creativity.

With your talent and our training, there 's note lli ng how far youcan go.

Call the Art Institute at 1-800-552-1200.

Voice-over: Call lhe Arl Institute at

1-800-552-1200.



12 - VEC - 86- Lesson61

GRAMMAR REVIEW

I. NEGATIVE QUESTIONS

Compare these quest ions:

[

a. Do you think notebooks should

be tough?

b. Don't you think notebooks

should be tough?

VEC - 86 - Lesson61 -13

1 1 OMPARISON OF EQUALlTY

I nok t this statement:

I M d's Five·Star® notebooks are as tough as you are.

1 /1 1 1 1 statement above, we are saying that the notebooks and the person

1 11 qually tough. They're the same in some way. So we use the

mp rative 01 equality.

I I r 1 11 1 moer this:

When we ask question a, we have no idea if the answer will be affirmative

or negative. We don't know i f the person thinks notebooks should be tough.

When we ask question b, we think or believe that the answer will be

affirmative. We think the person wil l agree that notebooks should be tough.

Now look at this sentence:

as + adjective + as

To say that two items are the same in some way,

we use the comparati ve of equali ty:

Aren't you studying calculus? We have a test tomorrow. (I'm surprised

you aren't studying calculus.)1 1 1 OMPARISON OF INEQUALlTY

Negative questions can also suggest surprise that something is not being

done or has not happened. .

Remember this:

t~ "w I ok at this statement:

1 1 1 1 1 1 r notebooks are not as strong as Mead's Five·Star® notebooks.

Negative questions are used:

1. When we expect the other person to give usan affirmative answer confirming what we think

to be true.

1 1 1 1 1 1 t tement above, we are saying that the two items are different in

11 1 1 1 1 w y. So we use the comparative 01inequality.

II I" mber this:2. When we want to suggest surprise that something

is not being done or has not happened.

To say that two items are different in some way, we

use the comparative of inequal ity:

Use contracted forms when asking a negative

questiono not as + adjective + as



14 - VEC - B6 - Lesson 61 VEC - B6 - Lesson 61 -15

Now look at another example with the comparative of equality: NYONE (ANYBODY)

1 I I I I k I ' these statements:

, dOll't know anyone who doesn't appreeiate art.

I/li I I n't anybody here who plays the drums.

I te 1 11 1 mb r this:

IV . SOMEONE (SOMEBODY), ANYONE (ANYBODY)

Anyone and anybody are derivatives of any and

mean any person.

Anyone and anybody have the same meaning, so

we ean use either one or the other i n a sentenee.

A . SOMEONE (SOMEBODY)

Anyone and anybody are used in negative

statements.

Look at this statement: t I II W look at this question:

1 1 , I nyone (anybody, someone, somebody) seen my drumstieks?

I Pat: Someone took my penei I sharpener. I

1I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 r this:

Pat is referring to some person, but she doesn't know who. Look at another

way Pat ean say it:In interrogative sentences, we ean use someone,

somebody, anyone or anybody interehangeably.

I Pat: Somebody took my penei l sharpener. 1 \1 IW 01> rve this offer and this request:

WllllltI Y u like someone (somebody) to drive vou to the Institute?

Remember this :

Someone and somebody have the same meaning,

so we ean use either one or the other in a sentenee.

I Wlilllcl omeone (somebody) please help me with these books?Someone and somebody are der ivatives of some

and mean some person.

1i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ) rthis:

Someone and somebody are used in aftirmative

statements.

Someone and somebody (not anyone and

anybody) are normally used in interrogative

sentences expressing offers or requests.



16 - VEC - 86 - Lesson 61

VEC - 86 - Lesson 61 - 17

Finally, take a look at this statement:r IIW IlIok II this chart:

Anyone (anybody) who has imagination and talent can join the Art

Institute. I

Vouget home a little late tonight.

Hemay

She

It may snow tonight.

We

Vou may have to work overtime.

They

Remember this:

Anyone and anybody can also be used in

aftirmative statements to refer to any person

without distinction.

V. SOMEWHERE ANO ANYWHERE

Both somewhere and anywhere refer to an inde fini te place.,

1. Don't add an s to may for he, she, or it.

2. May is followed by infinitives without to.

We make affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences with

somewhere and anywhere the same way as with someone and anyone.

Affirmative: He lives somewhere near FI. Lauderdale.

Negative: I decided not to go anywhere on my vacat ion.

/nterrogative: I s the re a phone anywhere (somewhere) around here?

Offer: Would Vou like to go somewhere for dinner?

Request: Can I leave my bags somewhere in your off ice?

Any p/ace without distinction: Vou can leave your books anywhere Vou w ant.

II !v i Y In the negative form

I 11 t i I 1 Ihls statement:

VI. THE USE OF MAY

/ 1 1 ' IV' 1 tast on Monday. I may not be able to travei this weekend.

A. MAY in the affirmative form 11 "" Irlb r this:

Look at this statement:

We use may to talk about the possibility of

something happening.

1. In the negative we can use may to refer to the

possibility of something not happening.ead's Five·Star® notebooks may even survive a semester of calculus.

2. We put not after may to make a negativestatement.

Remember this:

3. We do not contract may and not.



18 - VEC - B6 - Lesson 61

c. MAY in the interrogat ive form

VEC-B6-Lesson61-19

V III HE FORMATION OF THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

May expressing possibility is not normally used in quest ions. We can ask

quest ions about possibility by using Do you think ... ?

I 11 1 I 1 II in affirmative statement in the present perfect tense.

Do you think the calculus test tomorrow is going to be hard?to have

in lhe presenl

pasl parliciple

of lhe main verb

VII. REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

1 1 1 11 I I I I l lhe present perfect tense, we use the verb to have in the present

uul llu P st par ticiple of the main verbo


r I II W look t a negative statement in the present perfect tense.

I 1111 has n ~ 1 studied at the Art

!t I 1 1 1 1 1 1

subjecl object

In the statement above, the subjec t and the object are the same. That's why

a reflexive pronoun (herself) was used.11 111I hasn't studied at the Art

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .

Remember this:

tI It l l 1 1 1 1 > r this:

To form the negative of the present perfect tense,

we place not atter the verb to have.

We use reflexive pronouns when the subject and

the objec t of an acti on are the same.

Take a look at this chart: I til I 10 k at an interrogative sentence in the present perfect tense.

PERSONALPRONOUNS REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

I myself

you yourself

he himself

she herself

it itself

we ourselves

you yourselves

they themselves

) Daniel studied at the Art Institute ?~/--+--l i -,

.• . . - - ,. ,

1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 r this:

To form the interrogative of the present perfect

tense, we place the verb to have before the subject.



20 - VEC - 86 - Lesson 61 VEC - 86 - Lesson 61 - 21

IX. COMPARING THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE ANO THE

SIMPLE PAST TENSE~ I I ln negative statements

I, t i 1 1 1 1 tatement:

The present per fec t tense is used to refer to something that occurred at

some unspecified time in the past. I I li V I n't hosen a career ve to

The sim pie past tense is used to refer to something that occurred at a

speci fic time in the past.

1 1 I I " t l

r this:Compare the examples:

I've l ived in Miami.

1. We use VET in NEGATIVE STATEMENTS.

2. We usual ly put Ve t at the end of the statement.

I lived in Míam í from 1992 to 1994. 1 1 1 I111

I '11 ADY or YET in interrogative sentences

ROGATIVE SENTENCES, we can usuatty use either ALREADV

X. THE USE OF ALREADY ANO YET "Have you already finished your homework?"

A. ALRE/WY in affirmative statements1 1 1

"Have you f in ished your homework Ve t?"

Look at this dialogue:

Rob: I've already bought five.'IH II of NOT YET in short answers

Sue: These notebooks are reatty strong. Vou should get one.

IIW IlIok t this example:

Remember this:Ilrwl y U sharpened the pencils?"

NII , 11 t yet."

1.We use ALREADV in AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS.t 1 11 1 11 1 > r this:

2. We generatty use already with the present perfect

tense (usuat ty p laced between the auxiliary verb

and the main verb). We can use not Ve t for a short negative answer.



22 - VEC - B6 - Lesson 61 VEC - B6 - Lesson 62 - 23

LESSON62

WORDS IN ACTION

THE FAMll Y CIRCUS

jewelry

"When somebody giv es you

something, you wait lor them to

say, 'And what do you say?'

Then you say, 'Thank you,"

glue

Reprinted with special permission 01 K in g

Features Syndicate, Inc.

Arkansas is in the South.

glue pen

WHAT'S GOING ON?

Reprinted with special permission 01King Features Syndicate, Inc.He's gluing the broken toy

together.




TEXTFROM TV COMMERCIALS

ARKANSAS

Voice-over: Put yourself in a

position to be part of the fun:

Arkansas.

Voice-over: Ask for your free

vàcation planning kit.

Man 1: I've got to get some glue

penso

VEC - B6 - Lesson 62 - 25

Voice-over: We can't wait till you're

in the middle of an exc it ing vacation

in Arkansas.

Voice-over: We've got your

number. Call 1-800-NATURAL.

KMARTsM

Man 1: I use them ali the time to

glue glasses, jewelry, toys and

many other things.

Man 2: Wow. Vou sure break a lot

of stuff.

ARKANSAS

on't just watch, be part of the fun.

ut yourself in a position to have more fun. Put

vo ur elf in our place: Arkansas.

Llke what you see? Wait till you see yourself in

1 1 1 1 middle of it.

Want a more exciting vacation? We've got

vour number. Cal I 1-800-NATURAL now for

vour free Arkansas vacation

lplanning kit.

1_------>

Man 1: Oh, I've got to get some more of these

QuickT ite® glue penso They're on sale.

Man 2: Does that stuf f reall y work?

Man 1: Yeah. I fix plates, glasses, jewelry,

furni ture, shoes, appliances, toys ...

Man 2: Boy, you sure break a lot of stuff.



26 - VEC - 86 - Lesson 62

PRACTICAL GRAMMAR

I. INDIRECT SPEECH PRACTICE - REVIEW

In which of these two statements would you replace the box O with theword said?

A. Ted O that he was toa tired to look for a job.

B. Ted O his mother that he was toa tired to look for a job.

If you answered statement A, you are correct. Both statements are

expressed in indirect speech, but in statement A, the person Ted spoke toís not mentíoned. That's the reason why said is used.

Notice that in statement B, the person spoken to (Ted's mother) Ismentíoned. In this case, told (not said) is used.

Look at the two statements again:

Ted said that he was toa tiredto look for a job.

Ted told hís mother that he was

toa tired to look for a job.

Remember this:

1. When the person being addressed is not mentioned

we use saíd in both direct and indirect speech.

2. When the person being addressed is mentioned,

we change saíd in direct speech to told in indirectspeech.

II 1 1 1 1 1 1 statements again:

VEC - 86 - Lesson 62 - 27

orTed said he was toa tired to

look for a job.

II le i tn s : he was toa

lI! 1 1 1 1 1 10 k for a job.

orTed told his mother he was

toa tired to look for a job.

II t Id 1 1 1 mother that he

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 dtolookforajob.

1 1 1 I IltllI r thls:

In indirect speech the word that can be omitted

when it is used between said ar told and what the

speaker said.

1 1 lil 11\w r this one:

1 1 1 wlllt " "I lhe following s tatements would you replace the box O with the1 1 1 1 \ k d?

I I I if QuickTite® glue pens really worked.

1 1 1 I that QuickTi te® glue pens really worked.

1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 I answer is A.

IIW I t H lk I the two sentences below:

Mil, Id, "Do QuickTite® glue pens really

wlliI I"

Mil, k d ífQuickTite® glue pens real ly

wlIlll (I .

IIII! t ti l t Mike asked a yes-no question (a question whose answer.may

II Ulll wltl1 yes ar no). In this case we .change the repor.ttng verb sald to

I II1d Introduce the indirect question with the word It.



28 - VEC - 86 - Lesson 62VEC - 86 - Lesson 62 - 29

Rernernber this: I , I I 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 r pai r of statements. Pay special attention to the change in

I 1 '1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 \ .

b .Change the quest ion into an af firmative statement.

To change a yes-no question from direct to indirect

speech, we:

ch: The Peters said, "We are going to buy a stereo system."a. Change said to asked.

ech: The Peters said that they were going to buy a stereo

system.

c. Put if before the subject of the question.

Now look at these statements:

fi W I W ro reporti ng in indi rect speech what the Peters said in di rect

I I1 1 , W u ed they, and no t we.Direct Speech: 8usan said, "David is in Denver."

Indirect Speech: 8usan said that David was in Denver.li' , " lu , to pay at ten tion to words and expressions of place and time.

11 V t l (I h nge in indirect speech. Take a look at these statements:

Remember this:ch: Nancy said, ''1 '1 1 be here tomorrow."

In indirect speech, use the simple past tense when

the statement was or igina lly made using the simple

present tense.

11c I p ech: Nancy said that she'd be there the fol lowing day.

Now compare these statements:

rting in indirec t speech what Nancy said. 80 we changed

nd tomorrow to the following day.Direct Speech: Janine said, "I am li stening to music."

Indirect Speech: Janine said that she was t is tening to music.

In indirect speech, we d idn't use Janine's exact words. We were tatking

about Janine, so we used she, not I.



30 - VEC - 86 - Lesson 62

Look at some of the changes that we usually have to make:

If in direct speech we use ... In indirect speech, we use ...

I or Vou he or she

we or vou (pl.) they

me or Vou him or her

us or Vou (pl.) them

my or your his or her

our or your (pl.) their

mine or yours his or hers

ours or yours (pl.) theirs

here there

this that

, today that day

tomorrow the following day/next day

next week the following week/next week,I' .•

\ LY J f,~ , ,. v( . ; n/ , o J . .n . J ( ,h . ..L ~ I:)., , < 'J IfilA. )-.kí ~~ ..•. L"L -""...~ uiU!'-

) ~" " ~l ~J~.1A\"v~ l I, ~ . _ , _ . u )~o ~ _ .. _ ' __

Now look at one more example with lndlrect speech:

"The dog said that Vou were in his

seat."

VEC - 86 - Lesson 62 - 31

1 1 I N HA VE GOT ANO HAS GOT---'!tIl' ti l 111 e statements:

I have Jim's telephone

number.telephone

ilVllh08~

I l l h ~

Marilyn has a new

bike.

1 1 \ /1 1 1 1 1 I thls:

1.Have got and has got mean the same thing as have

and has.

2.Wemainly use have got and has got in spoken English.

Irlllk Illhese charts:

AFFIRMATIVE

ULL FORM CONTRACTED FORM

I've got

t You've got

He's got

t a swimmingShe's got a swimming

pooL It's got pooL

t We've got

t You've got

t They've got

I li v ) 1 1 1

1 1 1 V I 1 I V I



32 - VEC - 86 - Lesson 62

INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVEFORM FORM

Have I got I haven't got

Have VOUgot VOUhaven't got

Has he got He hasn't got

Has she gota swimming She hasn't got

a swimming

Has it gotpool?

It hasn't gotpoo/.

Have we got We haven't got

Have Vou got VOUhaven't got

Have they got They haven't got t

Remember this:

VEC - 86 - Lesson 62 - 33

T vcG o r A& 11 >

F fE U K&A ! l O O f

iHIS •..

,• . .

1.We always use the contraction of have/has + not

to make a negative statement with have got.

Reprinted with permission 01 Tribune Media

Services, Inc. Ali rights reserved.

2. We can use either the full form or the contractedform of have got and has got to make an

affirmative statement.

I IAVE GOT TO AN O HAS GOT TO1

Now look at some more examples with have got: statements:

ome glue penso I

et some glue penso

"Look at ali the rock albums I've got,Jane. I've got The Noise, Bathtub

Singers, The Oead Rats, ... "

"I've got a headache from listening

to the names on those albums."/W II I 1 / 1 m nts above are synonymous.



34 - VEC - 86 - Lesson 62

Remember this:

1. Have got to and has got to mean the same thing

as have to and has to.

2. We mainly use have got to and has got to inspoken English.

3.We usually use have got to and has got to to make

affirmative statements.

4. We use have to and has to to make interrogative

and negative sentences.

Now look at another examples with have got to:

''!'ve got to tel l you something, Sue. "Oh, come on! Nobody is perfect."I lied. I'm not really 19. l'rn just 17.

You'II probably think I'm a perlectidiot, but ... "

VEC - 86 - Lesson 62 - 35

lHE LOCKHORNS

iNeIi:

"w~ ~a..L.'( HA'Ie TO 60·· ·WE·VE60T A I-ONcS

ARG OM E NT AH e.AO OF 06.t'

lHE LOCKHORNS

••60 A\ 04eAO, I..ORETTA"·

WHAT HAVE: '(00GOT TO L.~E'?·

I hlpilnl d wllh special permission 01 K ing Features Syndicate. Inc.



L ON63

WORDS IN ACTION

tH ItHe's a karate instructor.

11111of earrings necklace

~ ---'cReprinted with special permission 01 King Features Syndicate, Inc.

poster

trumpet

1 1 1 11 1 : 1 1 1 11 11V I




TEXTSITUATIONS

WEEKL Y ALLOWANCE

Dark-haired girl: Sorry, I can't. I

haveto pick upmy brother from his

trumpet lesson at 4:00, and ittakesme annour to get there and back.

.

Girl: I bought a pair ofearrings and

a necklace at the mall.Girl: Can I borrow a few bucks to

buy a poster for my bedroom?

Man: What ,happened to theallowance I gave Vouon Saturday?

VICKI'$ DATE

KARATE

Girl inthe red shirt: Tothe movies,

I think. Vouknow, there aren't many

places to go at night in this town.

, I :! ~ . I I \ {(

Karate instructor: It takes sever~li

years to earn a black belt in karate.Very few students can endure the

intensive training.




Firstjob

Janet: Ilove your new earrings and necklace! Where did VOUget them?

Jeannie: My mother gave them to me for my birthday. She also boughtme this beautiful leather belt.

Janet: When was your birthday?

Jeannie: Last week. I f inally turned sixteen.

Janet: Have Vougotten your license yet?

Jeannie: No, but I'm getting it next week. And then I 'm going get a job tearn enough money to buy a caro

Janet: Where are Vougoing to get a job?

Jeannie: I don't know.But Ican't liveon the allowancemyparents give m

Janet: Vouknow, there's a poster atschool for the new sports club that'opening at the mall.They'ra Iookjnq for part-time receptionist ,

Jeannie: That's just the kindof job I'mlooking for. It's 4 o'clock. I could 9there now, but I don't have any way of get ting there. Can vougive me a ride?

Janet : Sorry, I can't. I have my karate lesson at 4:30, and if I take Vou,I won't be back int ime.

Jeannie: Thanks anyway. See? I really need a car.

ALGRAMMAR

PEECH PRACTICE

1 1 1 1 t tements

GEORGE, vouNEEDTO BUY

VOURSELFANEWCAR.

TINA

Tina told George that he needed tobuy himself a new caro

11111 xample:

1 0 1 , "I'm 1 0 0 "1 0

9 ai Ih 'he was looking at herself in

1 1 , we didn't use Nicole's exact words. We were talkingIw used herself, not myself.




Now look at these statements again:

Tina said, "George, Vou need to buy yourself a new

car." -r1-

Tina told George that heneeded tobuy himself a new

car.

Since we were reporting in indirect speech what Tina said to George IfI

direct speech, we used himself, and not yourself when we referred to hirn,

11.IT TAKES/IT TOOK AN O IT TAKES/IT TOOK + PERSON

A. IT TAKES, IT TOOK - Affirmative form

Look at these examples:

It takes several years of intensive training to earn a black belt in karate.

It took months to clean up the neighborhood after the storm.

In the first statement, several years are needed to earn a black belt 111

Karate. In the second statement, months were needed to clean up th ,

neighborhood.

Remember this:

1. We use it takes to describe how much time is

necessary to do a certain act iv ity.

2. It took is the past tense of it takes.

11 1 11 ther example:

1<1 I Ir TOOK - Interrogative form

II " Ih se groups ot sentences:

time to go downtown during

I \ long time to go downtown on

'""IlIln too?

li111ur to get to school this morning.

111111ng to getto school yesterday?

The ru les for making interrogative sentences with

It takes or it took are the same as with most

English verbs, that i s, by using do, does or did.




Now look at this example with it takes in the interrogative:

"Why does it always take so long?"

c. IT TAKES, IT TOOK - Negative form

Now compare these groups of statements:

It takes a long time to go downtown during

the rush hour.

I t doesn't take a long time to go downtown

on Sunday morning.

It took an hour to get to school this morning.

It didn't take that long to get to school

yesterday.

Remember this:

We make negative statements wi lh it takes ar 11

took the same way as we do with rnost Engll li

verbs, that is, by using do, does ar did + noto

I 1 1 1 1 more example:

I I t 1 W 1 1 1 II didn't take very long. Vera just wanted to tell me about

" I 1 1 1 ) rs ... "

I " , Ir TOOK + PERSON

I I t i 1/1 se statements:

Vicki a long time to get ready

/I M fo r ver to get ready for her date

I ~ 1 0 1 1 1 j ht .

We can use a person after it takes or it took to

describe how much time is or was necessary for

someone to do a certain activity.




Now look at another example with i t took + person:

IT ONL Y TOOK ME A

WEEK TO LEARN

HOW TO DANCE.

1 1 1 .MANY, A FEW A N O FEW

A. MANY

Look at these statements:

I haven't seen many movies since my veR broke. I really need to fixit,

There aren't many p/aces to go at night in this town

Remember this:

We use many with plural countable nouns.

1 I I I I k t these examples:

I ", r sren't many things to do in this town.

11 111 are many things to do in this town.

1I th re many things to do in this town?

r IlhIt is more common to use many to make negative

statements.

IIW Illuk at these examples:

I I, 1I wore a lot of people at the party.

1I 1/, re a lot of people at the party?

1 I I' W re many people at the party.

It's more common to use a lot of to make affirmative

or interrogative sentences.

w hut k IIanother example with many:

I WANT TO DATESOMEONE WHO'S

MY EXACT

OPPOSITE.

WELL, THEREAREN'T MANY

INTELLlGENT

GIRLS IN THIS

NEIGHBORHOOD




B. A FEW

look at these sentences:

Can I borrow a few bucks to buy a poster for my bedroom.

Give me a few more days to think about your offer.

Remember this:

1. A few means some or a small number.

2. We use a few with plural countable nouns.

C.FEW

Nowlook at these statements:

Few students earn a black belt in karate.

There are very few kids inour building. Mostly older people live here.

Remember this:

1 . Few means not many.

2.We use few with plural countable nouns.

r jllW luok t some more examples:

OK. HAVEAFEWCHIP8THEN.

(.AN VOUIIIHV[ WITH( Nr HANO,H N Y?

.:~=:;7.-.__'-=?:-:::;.;:~~

8HE 8AY8 8HE'8 32, ANOTHEREAREVERY FEWPEOPlE ALlVE TOCONTRAOICTHER.

YOUR MOTHERLOOK8 80 YOUNG.HOWOlO 188HE?




REALL Y? COULDHE THROW IT INTO

THE RIVER?

MY SON CAN DO ANYTHINGWITH THE TRUMPET.

LESSON64

WORDS IN ACTION

garage

portlng goods

garage

tennis racket




The door is open. The door is closed

TEXTSITUATIONS

A NEW TENNIS RACKET

V I II'm. It's 7 now, and I

1 1 1 1 ' only open until 9.

Dark-haired boy: Why don't Vou go

to that new sporting goods

superstore on the other side of

town?

Blond boy: My car's at the garage,

and it will take me an hour to get

there by bus.

54 - VEC - B6 - Lesson 64VEC - B6 - Lesson 64 - 55



Dark-haired boy: Well, I'm going

up to my sister's house, and she

lives on that side of town. I ean take

you as far as Altamonte Springs.

Vou ean get a bus from there.

Blond boy: Great! That will take a

lot less time.

WEEKEND PLANS

Boy: What are your plans for this

weekend?

Girl: Tonight I have to baby-sit. And

tomorrow, if it's not toa windy, I

might go to the beaeh to play

volleyball.

A tennis date

Can you play tennis with me

tomorrow morning?

I /I I'd lave to. I ean use the new

tennis raeket I just bought.

That's what I need - a new

tennis raeket. Where did you get

yours?

1 IAt the new sports superstore on the other si de of town. They

have great priees. Everything is less expensive there. Oh, no. I

just remembered. I have to baby-sit my nieee tomorrow

morning.

How late do you have to baby-sit?

I'm not sure. My sister is going into the eity to go shopping and

have luneh with some friends.

She's not driving, is she?

No, her ear is at the garage. I'm going to drive her as far as

White Plains, and she's going to take the t rain. Why?

eeause the last time I drove into New York on a Saturday, thetraffíe was terrible. It took me three hours to get there.

/ I Yeah, it's mueh faster and more relaxing to take the train.

Well, then, instead of p lay ing tennis in the morning, maybe we

ould play in the evening. Do you think you'lI be too tired?

No. That sounds great. It's usually less windy in the evening,

too.

VEC - 66 - Lesson 64 - 57



56 - VEC - 66 - Lesson 64

PRACTICAL GRAMMARI l l l w I ok at these statements again:

I. INDIRECT SPEECH PRACTICE

Look at these statements:nd Fay said, "We're really enjoying

Ives at this party."

WE'RE REALLY

ENJOYING OURSELVES

ATTHIS PARTY

I I 1 \ d Fay saidthattheywere reallyenjoying

m Ives at that party.

were talking about Jaek and Fay (not to them), we used

s instead of ourselves in indireet speeeh.

I I WILL TAKE

1 1 1 1 e sentenees:Jaek and Fay said, "We're really Jaek and Fay said that they were

enjoying ourselves at this party." really enjoying themselves at that

party.11I1k about an hour to get tothe superstore.

Now look at this example:

"1 1 r 'I, you learned that we use i t takes to deseribe the amount ofI Iry to do a eertain aetivity.Voualso learned that the past tenseI I1took. We ean also talk about the future with i t takes by using

Mrs.Knoll said, "Suzy,Riek, if you arenoteareful,you

will eut yourselves."<,

<.Mrs. Knoll told Suzy and R~ that if they were

not eareful, they would eut themselves.

1 1 1 " wlll I t take to get to the superstore?

, 'I I k more than an hour to get to the superstore.

In indireet speeeh, we didn't use Mrs. Knoll's exaet words. We were talkingabout Suzy and Riek (not -to them), so we used themselves, not

yourselves.




Remember this:

The future tense of i t t ak es is it will take.

Note

ltwill take me an hour to get tothe superstore by bu

,Remember that we can make an it will t k

sentence in two ways; by using:

it will take

or

it wi ll take + person.


lt will take a week to drive from here to Califcrnl

Now look at one more example with it will take:

ZIGGY

Ziggy © 1993 Ziggy and Friends, Inc. Dislribuled by Universal Press

Syndicale.

Reprinled wilh permission. Ali righl s reserved.

, UP TO ANO UNTIL

t r as Mayberry. That's where my mother l ives.

1 • • •• • 1 1 1 11 M I 1111onight and going up to Orlando.

r r and up to to talk about distance. As far as generally

f /11/1/ uoint and no further. Up to implies the idea of moving

1 1 1 1 1 11 1 11 wl1 re you are.

I tements:

II ut time. Up to can also be used to ta lk about time,

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1)( mple with as far as:




IV. MIGHT


Vou may be wrong about Ted.

He seems to be a nice guy.

Vou might be wrong about Ted.

He seems to be a nice guy.or

Now look at these sentences:

I may go to the beach to play

volleyball tomorrow.

I might go to the beach to play

volleyball tomorrow.or

We use might in the same way as may to express possibility of something

happening in the present or in the future.

Remember this:

1. We use might to talk about the possibility of

something happening in the p resent or future.

2. We don't add an s t o might for he, she, or it.

3. We don't use to after might.

Now look at this statement:

Because o f the computer problem, I might not f in ish my report today.

Remember this:

1. We put not after might to make a negative

statement.

2. We do not contract might and noto

3. We do not use might in the interrogative.

, 1",,1 - 1 1 11 "" 1 1 1 0 1 1 X IIrl p ll w lll l ml ht, JI I I ro r Y( )11 t I nj oYtJl f 1 1 1 :

rHE FAMILV CIRCUS

"I won't tell you who did it,

Mommy. Vou might get madat her."

62 -,- VEC - 86 - Les son 64 VEC - 86 - Lesson 65 - 63



LESSON65

WORDS IN ACTION

fork ladle

Ilblespoon

spoons

teaspoon

place mat




some bottles a bottle of Coke® w lrn m lng instructor is at theI

hamster

a bottle opener

the top drawer the middle drawer

couches / sofas




TEXT WORKING HARD

SITUATIONS

HELPING OUT IN THE KITCHEN

@

Man: Anyway, this is my last weekhere. The hours are too long. I work

from Monday through Friday, f rom 8

to 4. And sometimes I work

overtime on the weekends.oman: Please put the knives,

forks and spoons in the top drawer,

and the ladle and the bott le opener

in the middle drawer. .

Woman: The coasters and the

place mats go in t he bottom drawer.

PETHAMSTER

"YEAA?

4YEARS?

Girl: How /ong have we had these

p/ace mats?

Woman: Oh, we've had them for

ages. / rare/y use them, though.

Boy on the left: Sometime during

the night my hamster got out of the

cage and chewed a hoje in my

mother's new couch.




Susan:

Aprí/:

Susan:

Aprí/:

Susan:

Two fríends ín the kítchen

I'm going to the beach. I want to talk to my friend Jeff. He's

working there as a l ifeguard.

Reall y? When did he start?

Sometime last week. I have to hurry because he only works in

the morning, and it's almost eleven now. Do you want to come

with me?

Oh, I'd lave to. But first I have to put away these dishes. Can

you wait?

Sure. 1'11ven help. Where do these spoons and forks go?

Susan:

Apri/: In the top drawer.

And this ladle?

Apri/:

Susan:

Apri/:

Susan:

Apri/:

Susan:

Apri/:

In the rn idd le drawer. And the place mats and coasters go 111

the bottom drawer.

Are you st il l taking swimming c lasses at the publi c pool?

No, I had to quit. I 'm working too many hours .

Really?

Yeah, Iwork f rom Monday through Thursday, f rom 5:00 to 10:00and on Sunday afternoons.

Wow! That's more than 25, hours a week.

I know it's a lot of hours, but I'm trying to save money for colle I

next year. Thanks for helping me with the dishes. Just let Illl

put on my bathing suit.

ICAl GRAMMAR

ESENT PERFECT TENSE VS. THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE

li" worked as a lifeguard at the beach for two years.

I1 ' I ' ment, Sam started working at the beach two years ago, and he

1 1 1 1 W III klng there today. Secause he st il l works as a l ifeguard in the same

W I1 u ed the present perfect tense.

"" th nt thls statement:

1 1 1 W rk d as a lifeguard at the public pool for three years. Now he

, I \IIfeguard at the beach.

I I ' ment, Sam started working as a lifeguard at the publ ic pool

li ligo. But after three years ended, he stopped working there.

1 1 , no longe r works at the public pool, we used the sim pie past

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1.We use the present perfect tense to talk aboutactions that started in the past and continue until

now.

2. We use the simple past tense to talk about

completed actions.




Now look at these examples comparing the present perfect tense with the

simple past tense:

I I

"Of course this restaurant is good.

I've eaten here for years."

11.USING EXPRESSIONS OF TIME

C L O S E DBY ORDEROF THE

SANITATION

DEPARTMENT

"You mean you ate here for years."

A. FROM ... TOITILUUNTlL and FROM ... THROUGH


Don works from 8 to 4, sometimes until 5.

From this statement, we understand that Don starts working at 8 and stop

working at 4; sometimes he only stops working at 5.

!l i 1 1 1 r this:

We can use from ... to, from ... until or from ... t il !

to refer to the hours an action starts and ends.

Remember that we normally only use til! in informal

spoken English.

IW I tm k t these statements:

t" r o r 15open from Monday to Saturday.

" lor Is open from Monday through Saturday.

" 1 1 1 1 rain from March to October.

li t i 1 1 rain from March through October.

I I \1lhe beach from 1992 to 1994.

I d t the beach from 1992 through 1994.

We can use from ... through or from ... to to refer

to the days, months or years an action begins and

ends.




Now look at these examples comparing the present perfect tense with thesimple past tense:

I I

"Of course this restaurant is good.

I've eaten here for years."

11.USING EXPRESSIONS OF TIME

C L O S E D8Y ORDEROF THE

SANITATION

DEPARTMENT

"Youmean you ate here for years."

A. FROM ... TOITILUUNTIL and FROM ... THROUGH


Don works from 8 t o 4, sometimes until 5.

From this statement, we understand that Don starts working at8 and stop

working at4; sometimes heonly stops working at 5.

11IIllb r this:

Wecan use from ... to, f rom . .. unti l or from ... ti ll

to refer to the hours an action starts and ends.Remember that we normally only use till in informal

spoken English.

/w hll k t these statements:

1 1 I Is open from Monday to Saturday.

li Illr 16open from Monday through Saturday.

li li 11 rain from March to October.

li 1 1 fi raln from March through October.

I r i \1lhe beach from 1992 to 1994. I

I t i I the beach from 1992 through 1994.

Wecan use from ... through or f rom ... to to refer

to the days , months or years an action begins and

ends.

72 - VEC - 86 - .esson 65VEC - 86 - Lesson 65 - 73



Look at thi s statement:

1M"

11111example"

Ted has worked as a lifeguard for two months.

Remember this:

J , , ~ worked as a lifeguard since July.

" 111111this:

1.We usee use

FOR + PERIOD OF TIME

to indicate the total duration of an action

or situation.

SINCE + POINT OF TIME

to indi cate when an ac ti on or situation began.

Now look at this example:

2. We usuall y use since with the present perfect

tense.

t nlll more example with since:


Compare these statements:



IW " " k t one more example with during:

ONE,TWO,THREE, FOUR,FIVE, SIX,SEVEN.

Ted has been a lifeguard for two months.SEVEN?ENUMERATETHEM.

Ted has been a l ifeguard since July.

FOR OR DURING?

Note

FOR OR SINCE? Look at this statement:

Remember that with for we emphasize a completeperiod of time.

Jamie was in Miami for three weeks during the

summer.

With since, however, we emphasize when a periodof time began.

Remember that we use during to say when anactivity or situation took place, and we use for to

talk about the duration of an activity or situation.

/

D. DURING )</// <,Look at these statements: .

IN HOW LONG TO ASK QUESTIONS ABOUT TIME

1 It I e questions and answers:

Sometime during the night my hamster got out of the cage.

Sob worked at 8linkie's during the summer vacation. w long have you been a lifeguard, Ted?

rv en a l ifeguard for two months.

Remember this:W long did you work at the publi c pool?

Iwork d there for two years.

We use during to talk about when something

happened.h o , the above dialogues, someone asked a question about duration



76 - VEC - 86 - Lesson 65

Here are other examples:

"How lon9 have you l ived in the States?"

"I've l ived here for f ive years."

"How Ionq did you live in New York?"

"I l ived there for s ix months."

Remember this:

1. We use how lon9 toask questions about duration

of t ime.

2. We usually respond to a how lonq question by

using for + time period.

Now look at another example with how lonq:

HOW LONG IS DAD GOING

TOKEEP ONS INGING?

78 - VEC - 86 - Les son 66 VEC - 86 - Lesson 66 - 79



LESSON66

WHAT'S GOING ON?ORDS IN ACTION

carpet

popcorn He's sailing.

vacuum cleaner He's dusting the table.

They're doing housework. She's vacuuming the carpet.

80 - VEC - 86 - Lesson 66

TEXT

VEC - 86 - Lesson 66 - 81

HORROR MOVIE



SITUATIONS

SAILlNG

Girl: We're not moving. VOU know

how to sail this boat, don't yOU?

Boy: Of cour~e. It's just that thereisn't much wind today.

THE FORGOTTEN TlCKETS

1 I. I know you don't like

IlIr" I but I hate going to the

!I V rn v elf.

Blond girl: Vou didn't forget th,

tickets, did you?

Dark-haired girl: Ves, I did. They'rn

at home in my dresser drawer. Why

didn't you remind me?

Blond girl: If you come with me, 1'11

pay your way.

Dark-haired girl: OK, and 1'11buy

the popcorn.

THEPRESENT

HOUSEWORK

Woman: Vou've done the dusting

and vacuuming, haven't you?

Girl: Oh, I forgot. Can't I do it

tomorrow?

Woman: No, you can't. I realize, 0 1course, that with your busy social

life you have little time fOI

housework, but tomorrow you'r

going to the fair for the whole day,

Remember?

Woman: It's beautiful, but I t hink I'm

going to have to do a l it tle exercisingbetore 1'11be able to fit into it.


ICAl GRAMMAR



Sal/y:

Alice:

Sal/y:

Alice: .

Sal/y:

Alice:

Sal/y:

Alice:

Sal/y:

Alice:

Sal/y:

Alice:

Sal/y:

Alice:

IALVERBS

1!lI! e statements:

A telephone conversation

Hi, Alice, what are you doing?

Oh, I'm just finishing up the

housework.

I " Y your way to the movies. I

111\1 I are at home in my dresser drawer.

Can you go to the fair with me

tomorrow?

Sorry, I can't. I'm going sail ing wi th my father tomorrow.

II t I wlll are part of a group of verbs that have unique characteristics.

1 1 1 1 11r to these verbs as special verbs. There are sixteen of them:

Vour father doesn't have a sailboat, does he?

Veah, he just bought one last week.

Well, I guess 1 ' 1 1 go to the fair by myself. How about tonight? D O

you want to go see movie?

I'd like to go, but I don't have much money. be should

have must

do will

can would

could ought to

may need

might dare

shall used to

Vou just got paid yesterday, didn't yo~?

Veah, but it wasn't much. I only worked 8 hours last week.

Oh, come on. 1 ' 1 1 pay your way to the movies.

Thanks, but that's OK. Why don't you come over to my hous ,We' II rent a movie and make some popcorn.

What video do you want to watch?

Sal/y: OK. 1 ' 1 1 be overa litt le after s ix .

I don't care. Vou can pick it out.(Iyl miliar with most of the special verbs. The ones we haven't

I wlll be dealt with later .

84 - VEC - 86 - Lesson 66

1 1 . TAG QUESTIONS

VEC - 86 - Lesson 66 - 85

I1 1 IIIIH r this:



Look at this sentence:

Sue: You're going to the fair tomorrow, aren't vou?

In this sentence, Sue is almost sure that her friend is going tothe fair. Sh

wants her friend to confirm what she believes is true, so she used a shorl

question after her statement. This short question iscalled a tag question,

Tag questions are short questions that are added to statements when w

are looking for a confirmation of what we have said. They are very cornmonin spoken English. .

Now look at how we form a tag question:

verb 10 be + pronoun

verb do + pronoun

1. We use tag questions when we are looking for

a confirmation of what we believe is true.

2. This is how we form tag questions:

special verb + pronoun

3. If the verb in the f irst part of the sentence is not

one of the special verbs, we use do, does or

did in the tag questiono

I1 uld tag questions either to affirmative or negat ive statements.

1 I Ih se sentences:

Itl 1 I1-\RTOF THE SENTENCE T1-\GQUESTION

1 1 li v done the dusting and

1llIlIlllng, haven't you?

affirmalive negalive

1 1 I v n't done the dusting and

IIIlIlIll1g, have you?

affirmaliveegalive

IIIIIIl! 1 ' 1 1 I s :

1. When the first part of the sentence is in the

affirmative, the tag question is in the negative

(contracted form).

2. When the first part of the sentence is in the

negative, the tag ouestion is in the affirmative.


Now look at some more examples:


REFLEXIVE PRONOUN



THE LOCKHORNS

IIYOUÇ< MOTHE~ 18 PLANNIN8

ON ~TAYINB l-ON(3E:~ T~AN .JUSTTHE. WEEKEND. 18N'T ~HE?tt

Reprinted with special permission of Ki ng Features Syndicate, Inc.

Reprinted by permission of Bill Kitchen and the Miami Herald.

I REFLEXIVE PRONOUN meaning alone

t t ll l statement:

tes going to the movies by herself.

t \ 1 ment, Brenda hates going to the movies alone.

, 1 1 I 1 1 r this:

We can use:

BV + REFLEXIVE PRONOUN

to mean alone.

" -FLEXIVE PRONOUN meaning without help

t t ll l statement:

I I pl ked out your present by myself.

I' I r means he picked out the present without nelp.

I I I IH r thls:

We can use:

BV + REFLEXIVE PRONOUN

to mean without help.


Now compare these statements:


ITTLE, L1TTLE ANO MUCH



Peter: I picked out your present by myself.

Peter: I picked out your present myself.

These two statements are synonymous.

Remember this:

We can omit by when BV + REFLEXIVE

PRONOUN is used to mean without help.

Now look at another example with by + reflexive pronoun:

THEN I'M GLAD TO

MEET WALT WHITMAN,THE GREAT POET.

ITHOUGHT VOU HAD

DIED LONG AGO.

I Ihls statement trom the lesson:

I It V to do a little exercising.

I means some. Notice that a little is being used with the word/1 1 1 1 1 0 ; used as an uncountable noun.

, " 1 / 1 r this:

We use a little with uncountable nouns.

t i this example, just for your enjoyment:

OENNIS THE MENACE

g = C 3J lj

"1 'M NOT SCARED OF A LlTILE Tt -lUNDt:R . 11M

SC ARED OF A LO r OF T tiU N U fR '"

Reprinted with special permission 01 Hank Ketcham

and © North America Syndicate

90 - VEC - 86 - Lesson 66

B. LlTTLE

VEC - 86 - Lesson 66 - 91

MU H




There's little I can do about your dog. He's very sick.

I have little t ime for housework.

Little means not much.

Remember this:

We use little with uncountable nouns (a) or as an

uncountable noun (b).

e.g. a. We have very little time. Let's hurry.

b. I know very tlttle about my boyfriend's family,


Rupert has littl~ time these days.

Rupert doesn't have much time these days.

NoteIn everyday speech, not much i s more co mmo n

than little ..

Now look at another example:

WELL, I DO, DAD.I PAY AS L1TTLE

ATTENTlON TO IT

AS POSSIBLE.

I thls statement:

n't much wind today.

tT 1 ns a lot (of ) ..

rn t r this:

1. We use much with uncountable nouns.

2. We generally use much to make negat ive

statements.

1 1 1 I k t these examples:

" V a lot to do at home now.

li V I much to do at home now. I

11 1 1 11 r this:

In everyday speech, a lot (of) is more common in

affirmative statements than much.

92 - VEC - 86 - Le sson 66VEC - 86 - Lesson 66 - 93



WOULO VOU LlKE

TO GO TO THE FAIR

ANO RIOE ON THE

MERRY-GO-ROUNO?

IF IT WILL AMUSE

VOU, GRANNY, I

OON'T MINO.

" W AA T ID " lQ U M E AN H E C A N T C O M E IN H E R E ~ TH IS, 5A PE T srORE ,lSN T rq AN o H E 'S A PfT,ISN T H E Z -'

Heprinted with special permission 01' Hank

Ketcham and © North America Syndicate, Inc.

HAGAR THE HORRIBLE

Reprinted with special permission 01 King Features Syndicate, Inc.

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Curso CCAA Regular 6 Parte 1