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b`x 4

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b`x 8

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b`x 9

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b`x 10

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b`x 11

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cvwb‡K Avgv‡`i me©vwaK ¸i“Z¡ mnKv‡i we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e| mgm¨v mgvav‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖhyw³i Dbœqb mva‡bi Kv‡R GLwb †b‡g co‡Z n‡e Avgv‡`i| mxwgZ m¤ú‡`i AwaKvix Avgv‡`i g‡Zv GKwU NbRbemwZc~Y© †`k‡K cvwbi wbivcËvi cÖkœwU GLb †_‡KB †`L‡Z n‡e cig we‡eP¨ wn‡m‡e| G Lv‡Z `~i`kx© cwiKíbvwU n‡Z n‡e e¨vcK AvKv‡ii, LuywUbvwU mewKQzmn c~Y©v½| G cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z, e„_v wØcvw¶K Uvbv‡cv‡o‡bi ga¨ AvU‡K bv †_‡K `w¶Y Gwkqvi me¸‡jv †`k‡K welqwU †`L‡Z n‡e GK Awfbœ ¯^v_© wn‡m‡e| el©v †gŠmy‡g Ges ZrcieZx© eb¨vq Avgv‡`i GLv‡b †`Lv †`q cvwbi AvwaK¨, hv Avgv‡`i wbqš¿‡Yi evB‡i| A_P Ab¨vb¨ †gŠmy‡g GLv‡b weivR K‡i fqven Liv, hv ¶wZMÖ¯— K‡i K…wl, cwi‡ek Ges A_©‰bwZK m¤¢vebv‡K| Zvi Ici i‡q‡Q Av‡m©wb‡Ki ûgwK| mvgwMÖK AwbðqZv AviI evwo‡q w`‡q‡Q Rjevqyi Aw ’iZv| cvwb, we‡klZ weï× cvwb `w¶Y Gwkqvmn mviv c„w_exi me gvby‡li GK †gŠwjK AwaKviÑ G wek¦v‡mi wfwˇZ GB gyn~‡Z© me©v‡MÖ cÖ‡qvRb ivR‰bwZK mw`”Qv| G j‡¶¨ cvwbi msi¶Y I e¨e¯’vcbv Ges mylg e¨envi wbwðZ Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ mgeÈb bxwZi Av‡jv‡K `w¶Y Gwkqvq AvÂwjK ch©v‡q Avgv‡`i M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e GKwU mgwš^Z Ges †hŠ_ mn‡hvwMZvi wfZ| †gvnv¤§` Rwgi: mv‡eK mwPe I ivóª ~Z B‡ËdvK 13 †g, 2008

b`x 12

b`xkvm‡bi Kzdj Ae¨vnZ Kj¨vY i“ ª †bcv‡ji Kzmnv‡Z AwekÖvš— el©‡Y dzu‡m IVv †Kvwkb`x 18 AvM÷ †f‡O †djj euv-cv‡oi euva| †a‡q Avmv †mB R‡j †f‡m †Mj wenv‡ii mycj, gv‡avcyi, Avivwiqvmn AviI 12wU †Rjv, 25 j¶ gvbyl evbfvwm| gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi WvU©gvD_ d¬vW AeRvi‡fUwii I‡qemvB‡U cÖKvwkZ gvbwP‡Î †`LwQ, eb¨vi Rj †Kvwkb`xi LvZ †Q‡o bZzb c‡_ eB‡Q| ejv fv‡jv, b`x Zvi cyi‡bv c‡_ wd‡i‡QÑ †h c‡_ †m eBZ Aóv`k kZvãxi †kl fv‡M| †i‡bj mv‡n‡ei †e½j-wenvi A¨vUjv‡m †Kvwk‡K GB c‡_B eB‡Z †`Lv hvq| †K›`ªxq miKvi GB eb¨v‡K RvZxq wech©q e‡j †NvlYv Ki‡jI ÎvY AcÖZzj, ¶zavZ© evbfvwm gvbyl AvkÖq Avi Lv‡`¨i †Luv‡R w`‡knviv| DËi wenv‡ii gvbyl eb¨vq Af¨ —, wKš‘ Gev‡ii ¶q¶wZ A‡bK †ewk| eb¨vi Rj bvg‡Z ïi“ K‡i‡Q, wKš‘ eb¨v-DËi bvbv msK‡U Gevi gnvgvixi Avk¼v| †Kvwki GB eb¨vi Avi MwZc_ cwieZ©b AcÖZ¨vwkZ bq| wngvjq †_‡K †b‡g Avmv b`xiv mgf‚wg‡Z ev‡iev‡i MwZc_ e`jvq| 1787 mv‡j DËie‡½ wZ¯—v, 1830 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡k eªþcyÎ ev MZ `yB `k‡K gvj`n-gywk©`vev‡` M½v, †Kvwki g‡ZvB MwZc_ e`‡j‡Q| cvnvo †_‡K mgf‚wg‡Z †b‡g Avmvi ci Xvj K‡g hvq e‡jB cv_i, evwj, KuvKi, cwj R‡g b`xLvZ n‡q hvq cÖk¯— I AMfxi| Zvici b`x GKmgq bZzb c_ †Lvu‡R| GB fv‡eB b`x Zvi MwZkxj fvimvg¨ eRvq iv‡L| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, el©vi wZb gv‡m wngvj‡qi b`x¸‡jv †h wecyj cwigvY Rj wb‡q Av‡m Zv mgf‚wgi AMfxi LvZ w`‡q e‡q †h‡Z cv‡i bvÑ d‡j yÕK‚j Qvwc‡q eb¨v nq| eb¨v wd‡i cvq bZzb Rxeb| b`x-Rj-cwjgvwUi GB m¤úK©wU nj Avgv‡`i K…wlmf¨Zvi wfwË| Jcwb‡ewkK DËivwaKvi Avi BD‡ivcxq K…r‡KŠk‡ji aviv †g‡b Avgv‡`i cÖ‡KŠkjxivI †P‡q‡Qb euva w`‡q eb¨v wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z| fvev nqwb, G‡`‡ki b`xi PwiÎ BD‡iv‡ci g‡Zv bq| b`xgvZ…K evsjvq †h-Kg©KvÊ ïi“ n‡qwQj Aóv`k kZvãx‡Z Zvi ci¤úiv AvRI Ae¨vnZ; Avi †Kvwk‡K ew›` Kivi KvR ïi“ n‡qwQj 1950-Gi `k‡K| ejv evûj¨ eb¨v _v‡gwb eis †e‡o‡Q| Av‡M †hme GjvKv KLbI c −vweZ nqwb GLb †mB me GjvKvI †f‡m hv‡”Q| Rj‡mªv‡Zi ¯^vfvweK cÖevn i“× n‡q‡Q b`xi euva QvovI †ij I moKc‡_i we —v‡i; KviY GB †hvMv‡hvM e¨e ’v wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q eb¨vi Rj wbKvwki Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖk — KvjfvU© bv †i‡L| GLb ïLv giï‡g b`x k−_, MwZnxb Avi el©vq fq¼i| µgk e`‡j †M‡Q K…wli aibÑ G‡m‡Q bZzb exR, ivmvqwbK mvi, KxUbvkK Avi gvwUi wbP †_‡K Rj †U‡b †Zvjvi †KŠkj| gvwUi wb‡Pi †h-RjfvÊvi MÖx‡®§ b`x‡K mRxe ivLZ Zv A‡bK wb‡P †b‡g †M‡Q| d‡j

b`x 13

ïwK‡q †M‡Q eû b`x| A‡bK mn¨ K‡i Gevi †evanq cÖK…wZ we‡`ªvn Ki‡Q| GLb weaŸsmx eb¨v cwji e`‡j KuvKi-evwj‡Z †X‡K w`‡”Q K…wlRwg Ges e`‡j hv‡”Q b`x-Rj-cwjgvwU I K…wli Avš—tm¤úK©wU| B›Uvi-Mfb©‡g›Uvj c¨v‡bj Ab K¬vB‡gU †PÄ bv‡g GK we‡klÁ KwgwUi PZz_© cÖwZ‡e`b 2007 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| IB wi‡cv‡U© ejv n‡q‡Q, MZ Pvi `k‡K fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k e„wó Kgvi cÖeYZv †`Lv †M‡jI evo‡Z cv‡i Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ AwZe„wó, hv †W‡K Avb‡Z cv‡i eb¨v I wech©q| Ryb gv‡m c~e© I cwðg †gw`bxcy‡i eb¨v I †Kvwki GB fqven ZvÊe IB we‡klÁ KwgwUi mZK©evZ©v‡K Avevi g‡b Kwi‡q w`j| 2008 mv‡jB ˆZwi n‡q‡Q RvZxq eb¨v †gvKvwejv wb‡ ©wkKv| `xN© AwfÁZv †_‡K wk¶v wb‡q ejv n‡q‡Q, eb¨v m¤ú~Y© wbqš¿Y Kiv m¤¢e bq, Z‡e mwVK Kg©m~wP iƒcvq‡Yi gva¨‡g gvby‡li Rxebnvwb I ¶q¶wZ Aek¨B Kgv‡bv hvq| Z‡e GKwU RvZxq wb‡`©wkKv w`‡q mviv‡`‡ki eb¨v †gvKvwejv Kiv hvq bv| †fŠ‡MvwjK A‡ji Ae¯’v Abyhvqx PvB c„_K Kg©m~wP| eb¨vcÖeY GjvKvi gvbwPÎ ˆZwi, K…wl I RbemwZi cybwe©b¨vm, eb¨vi AvMvg mZK©evZ©v cÖwZwU N‡i †cuŠ‡Q †`qvi †bUIqvK©, AvkÖq¯’j wbg©vY, eb¨vexgv Pvjy Kiv| ïay euva wbg©vY Avi ÎvY wewj Kivi cÖPwjZ avivwU †_‡K gy³ nIqv cÖ‡qvRb| b`xkvmb bq, PvB b`x‡K wb‡q euvPvi GK mvgwMÖK Kg©m~wP| Kj¨vY i“ ª: fviZxq b`x we‡klÁ cvw¶K †`k 17 †m‡Þ¤^i, 2008

b`x 14

evsjv‡`‡ki b`x I Avgv‡`i KiYxq †gvqv‡¾g †nv‡mb Lvb b`xgvZ…K evsjv‡`‡k eo b`x wZbwU h_v eªþcyÎ/hgybv, M½v I †gNbv| GQvov AmsL¨ kvLv b`x I Dcb`x Av‡Q| evsjv‡`k cvwb Dbœqb †ev‡W© g‡Z †`‡k b`xi msL¨v 230wU| evsjv‡`k cwimsL¨vb ey ‡ivi g‡Z 700wU| hv‡nvK Gme b`x Avgv‡`i †`‡ki Rb¨ eo †bqvgZ Ges †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Ê bvbvfv‡e mvnvh¨ Ki‡Q, h_vÑ (K) †bŠhvb PjvPj, (L) grm¨ Pvl, (M) †m‡Pi †hvMvb, (N) cvwbwe`y¨r Drcv`b, (O) cvIqvi nvDm cwiPvjbv, (P) wkí KviLvbv cwiPvjbv, (Q) cvbxq Rj I R‡ji Ab¨ bvbv cÖKvi Pvwn`v †gUv‡”Q| Dc‡i Dwj−wLZ welq¸‡jvi Rb¨ b`xi e¨env‡ii g‡a¨ †bŠhvb PjvP‡ji Rb¨ e¨envi we‡klfv‡e D‡j−L¨| †Kbbv R¡vjvwb †Z‡ji e¨envi Qvov ïay cvwbi †mªvZ, evZvm, ev`vg, cvwb-ev`vg, nvj, `uvo, jwM, ˆeVv I ¸‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ †bŠc‡_ cªwZw`b jvL jvL Ub gvj cwienb Kiv hvq, hv †ijc‡_ I moKc‡_ m¤¢e bq| GRb¨ †bŠc‡_ gvjvgvj cwienb LiP A‡bK Kg, ZvB b`x¸‡jv‡K me©kw³ cÖ‡qvM K‡i Avgv‡`i i¶Yv‡e¶Y Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| wb‡P Avgv‡`i †`‡ki b`x¸‡jvi eZ©gvb mgm¨v I m¤¢ve¨ mgvav‡bi Ici gZvgZ Zz‡j aiwQ| (1) cwjgvwU Øviv b`x¸‡jv fivU n‡q hvIqv : GLv‡b D‡j−L¨, bvbv Kvi‡Y cÖ_‡g b`xi Drmgy‡L cwj R‡g fivU KvR ïi“ nq Ges cÖwZ eQi cwj R‡g Av‡¯— Av‡¯— cy‡iv b`xUv fivU n‡q hvq| GRb¨ Avgiv ïay bxie `k©‡Ki f~wgKv cvjb K‡i hvw”Q| Avgvi g‡Z b`x fiv‡Ui ïi“Uv hLb DrmgyL ms¯‹v‡ii ïi“UvI DrmgyL †_‡K Ki‡Z n‡e| GRb¨ cy‡iv b`xi cwj GKm‡½ miv‡bvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e bv| ïay el©vi Av‡M Drmgy‡L Mfxi K‡i GKUv j¤^v Lvj †WªRvi Øviv †K‡U w`‡Z n‡e| Gi d‡j el©vi cvwbi †mªv‡Z G LvjUv PIov n‡q hv‡e Ges m‡½ A‡bK Rgv‡bv cwj gvwU fvwU‡Z wb‡q hv‡e| Ggwb K‡i K‡qK eQ‡i b`xwU cÖvq c~e©ve¯’vq wd‡i Avm‡e| Ggwb K‡i G‡K G‡K cÖvq me b`x Avgiv ms¯‹vi Ki‡Z cvi‡ev e‡j Avkv Kwi| cÖwZ eQi iv —v †givg‡Zi Rb¨ Avgiv †ek K‡qK †KvwU UvKv LiP K‡i _vwK, Gi wKQz Ask Avgiv Aek¨ G Ri“wi Kv‡R LiP Ki‡Z cvie| GRb¨ cÖ‡qvRb myôy cwiKíbv I mvnmx c`‡¶c| miKv‡ii ivR ^ LvZ †_‡K G eve` cy‡iv UvKv LiP Kiv m¤¢e bv n‡j †bŠhvb¸‡jv †_‡K †Uvj Av`vq Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i, †hgwbfv‡e eo †mZz cvivcv‡ii Rb¨ †Uvj Av`vq Kiv nq| GLv‡b D‡j−L¨, Awef³ fvi‡Z †bŠPjvP‡ji myweavi Rb¨ GKUv †WªRvi eni Øviv †bŠc_ i¶Yv‡e¶Y K‡i wbwe©‡Nœ †bŠPjvP‡ji e¨e ’v Kiv n‡Zv Ges GRb¨ LiP eve` †bŠhvb †_‡K †Uvj Av`vq Kiv n‡Zv|

b`x 15

(2) wkíeR©¨ Øviv b`xi cvwb `~lY : †`‡ki Avw_©K DbœwZ, ¯^qsm¤ú~Y©Zv AR©b I †eKvi mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ bZzb bZzb wkí-KviLvbv ¯’vcb I cyi‡bv¸‡jv Pvjy ivLv Aek¨ cÖ‡qvRb| wKš‘ cwi‡kvwaZ bv K‡i wkíeR©¨ b`x‡Z †d‡j †`qv kvw¯—‡hvM¨ Aciva Ges MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| Gme Kvi‡Y eû b`x‡Z grm¨ Pvl m¤¢e bq| Gme b`xi cvwb cvb Kiv, G‡Z †Mvmj Kiv, †m‡Pi Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv m¤¢e bq| we‡k¦i eo eo wk‡ívbœZ †`‡k Ggb K‡Vvi AvBb Av‡Q †hRb¨ Iiv wkíeR©¨ †kvab K‡iB cwi®‹vi cvwb b`x‡Z †d‡j †`q| †`‡ki e„nËi ¯^v‡_© Avgv‡`i †`‡kI Giƒc AvBb K‡i Zvi cÖ‡qvM wbwðZ Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| GRb¨ `iKvi n‡j cwi‡kvab hš¿vw` µ‡qi Rb¨ miKvi †_‡K wkícwZ‡`i Avw_©K mvnvh¨ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| (3) b`xZxi fvOb : evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk ’vb b`xevwnZ cwj gvwU Øviv MwVZ| gvwU¸‡jv GZB big †h b`xi †mªvZ, †XD I N~Y©b Øviv AwZ mn‡R †f‡O hvq| mvaviYZ b`xi cvwb evovi I Kgvi mgq G fvOb †ewk j¶¨ Kiv hvq| b`xi cvwb Kgvi mgq A‡bK RvqMvq e„wó‡Z †fRv b`xi cvo wb‡Ri fv‡i †f‡O b`x‡Z c‡o hvq| GLv‡b D‡j−L¨, b`x mvaviYZ mwc©j MwZ‡Z P‡j Ges wbw`©ó euv‡K evu‡K cvo fv‡O| GLv‡b AviI j¶Yxq †h b`xi Zxi‡K hw` wZbwU fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq h_vÑ cÖ_g fvM (b`xi cvwbi wbgœ †j‡f‡ji DcwifvM), wØZxq fvM (Zx‡ii cÖ_g fv‡Mi wb‡Pi Ask), Z…Zxq fvM (b`xi Zjvi Ask)| mvaviYZ cÖ_g fv‡M †ewk fvOb j¶¨ Kiv hvq| GRb¨ b`xZxi i¶vi Rb¨ eZ©gv‡b ïay wew”Qbœ KswµU e −K ev wm‡g›U-evjy e−K e¨envi Kiv nq| KLbI b`xi †mªvZ‡K Zxi †_‡K `~‡i ivLvi †Póvq ¯úvi I †MÖv‡qb ˆZwi Kiv nq| cvwbi wb‡Pi Ask „k¨gvb bq, †mRb¨ mvaviYZ GLv‡b †Kv‡bv cÖwZ‡iva e¨e¯’v ivLv nq bv wKš‘ wØZxq I Z…Zxq —‡i fvOb we‡kl K‡i N~Y©b †`Lv w`‡j Dc‡ii me e¨e¯’v wejxb n‡q hvq| Gme `„k¨ cÖvq msev`c‡Îi cvZvq †`Lv hvq| hw`I ﮋ †gŠmy‡g b`xZx‡ii m¤¢ve¨ fvOvi ¯’vb wPwýZ Kiv m¤¢e, bvbv Kvi‡Y ZLb Gi cÖwZi¶v e¨e ’v MÖnY bv K‡i hLb fvOb ïi“ nq ZLb Zv †iva Kivi †Póv Kiv nq| G cÖ‡Póv‡K `gKj evwnbxi ew¯—‡Z Av¸b †bfv‡bvi cÖ‡Póvi m‡½ Zzjbv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i, h_vÑ Av¸b wVK wb‡f hvq Z‡e ZZ¶‡Y ew —i A‡bKLvwb cy‡o hvq| Gme fvOb †iv‡a †hme wRwbm e¨envi Kiv nq Zvi g‡a¨ Av‡Q evjyi e¯—v (G‡Z e¨envi Kiv nq wRI e¨vM, cv‡Ui e¨vM I cwjw_b e¨vM), KswµU ev evjy wm‡g›U e −K| A‡bK mgq bvbvfv‡e Wvjcvjvmy× MvQ e¨envi K‡iI fvOb †iva Kiv nq| wKš‘ GmeB mvgwqK e¨e¯’v| Gme RvqMvq AveviI fvOb †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i| Av‡gwiKvi wgwmwmwc b`xi cv‡oi gvwUI Avgv‡`i †`‡ki gvwUi g‡Zv big cwjgvwU| Iiv fvOb †_‡K b`xZxi‡K i¶v Kivi Rb¨ bvbv cÖKvi cix¶vi ci

b`x 16

Kswµ‡Ui gv`yi e¨envi K‡i Avm‡Q| Iiv G gv`yi e¨envi K‡i A`¨vewa cÖvq 2700 wK‡jvwgUvi b`xi cvo i¶v Ki‡Z mg_© n‡q‡Q| GQvov cÖvq 450 wK‡jvwgUvi b`xi AuvKveuvKv cvo †mvRv I ms‡¶c K‡i‡Q| G e¨e ’vq Iiv 3 Bw cyi“ Kswµ‡Ui gv`yi e¨envi K‡i‡Q| gv`yi¸‡jv cÖ‡¯’ 4 dzU Ges ˆ`‡N© 25 dzU| cÖwZwU gv`y‡i 16wU LÊ KswµU m−ve _v‡K Ges gvÎ 3/16Ó †jvnvi Zvi w`‡q ˆ`N© I cÖ‡ ’ Muv_v _v‡K| gv yi¸‡jv mgZj f~wg‡Z Av‡MB XvjvB K‡i Ggbfv‡e ïwK‡q gRy` ivLv nq hv‡Z 28 w`b ci G¸‡jvi kw³ cÖwZ eM© Bw‡Z 4000 cvDÛ cvIqv hvq| we‡kl e¨e¯’vq gv`yi¸‡jv ev‡R©i Ici cÖ‡qvRb g‡Zv ˆ`‡N© I cÖ‡ ’ †Rvov w`‡q b`xi cvo †_‡K ïi“ K‡i Zj ch©š— †X‡K †`q| G e¨e¯’v bvwK AZ¨š— m¯—v I Kvh©Ki| Avgvi g‡b nq Giƒc e¨e ’v MÖnY Ki‡j Avgv‡`i †`‡ki AwaKvsk †QvU b`xi cvo fvOb eÜ Kiv m¤¢e n‡e| DËvj Zi½mn eo b`x¸‡jvi †ejvq gv`yi¸‡jvi m‡½ AwZwi³ Kswµ‡Ui e −K †eu‡a w`‡q fvwi Ki‡j gv`yi¸‡jvi ¯’vbPz¨wZi †Kv‡bv AvksKv _vK‡e bv| (4) eb¨v : Ab¨ mgm¨v¸‡jvi g‡Zv eb¨vI Avgv‡`i GKUv eo mgm¨v| Avgv‡`i †`‡ki eb¨vi cvwbi 93 kZvsk †`‡ki evB‡i †_‡K P‡j Av‡m| †h‡nZz cwjgvwU Øviv AwaKvsk b`x fivU n‡q †M‡Q, eb¨vi cvwb b`xi K‚j Qvwc‡q emZevwo I †¶ZLvgvi Zwj‡q †`q| GRb¨ cÖwZ eQi dm‡ji I Mevw`cïi eû ¶wZ nq| †`Lv hvq, el©vi mgq †`‡ki evB‡i DRvb †_‡K GKm‡½ A‡bK cvwb P‡j Av‡m| GKw`‡K hv a‡i ivLvi g‡Zv Avgv‡`i b`xi ¶gZv †bB Avi Ab¨w`‡K w`‡b `yÕevi †Rvqv‡ii Rb¨ eb¨vi cvwb mgy‡ ª bvg‡Z cv‡i bv| G Ae ’v †_‡K gyw³ †c‡Z mgy‡ ªi †Rvqvi‡K †VwK‡q ivLv cÖ‡qvRb| jÛ‡bi †Ugm b`x‡Z Giƒc GKUv †ewiqvi W¨vg ˆZwi K‡i mgy‡ ªi †Rvqvi‡K †VwK‡q †i‡L 45,000 eM©gvBj GjvKv eb¨vgy³ ivLv n‡q‡Q| G e¨e ’vq †hme †jvnvi †MU e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv †`L‡Z †MvjvKvi Wªvg‡K j¤^vjw¤^ yÕdvjv K‡i GKwU‡K †hgb †`Lv hvq †miƒc| GUv‡K W¨vg ejv n‡jI Avm‡j GUv GKUv e¨v‡iR| †Rvqv‡ii mgq Gi †MU¸‡jv Avcbv Avcwb Dc‡i D‡V †Rvqv‡ii cvwb b`xi †fZ‡i Avmv eÜ K‡i †`q| Avevi fvUvi mgq †MU¸‡jv wb‡P †b‡g Dci w`‡q RvnvR PjvP‡ji myweav K‡i †`q| G mgq †fZ‡i R‡g _vKv cvwb evB‡i P‡j hvq| gRvi K_v mvaviYZ e¨v‡iR ˆZwii mgq e¨v‡i‡Ri RvqMvUv euva w`‡q wN‡i †fZ‡ii cvwb A‡bK Mfxi ch©š— wb®‹vkb Kiv nq wKš‘ G W¨vgUv Kivi mgq Zv Kiv nqwb| cªªengvb b`x‡Z we‡kl e¨e ’vq Kswµ‡Ui LyuwU¸‡jv gvwU‡Z cyu‡Z Gi c~e©wba©vwiZ †j‡f‡ji Lv‡R Kswµ‡Ui m −ve I †jvnvi †MU¸‡jv emv‡bv n‡q‡Q| GUv GKUv LiP Kg I cÖKí ev —evq‡b mgq ms‡¶c Kivi bZzb c×wZ| Zv m‡Ë¡I GUv GKUv e¨qeûj cÖKí| Avgv‡`i Giƒc cÖKí nv‡Z wb‡j

b`x 17

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b`x 18

Avgv‡`i b`-b`x¸‡jv‡K †hfv‡e mPj Kiv m¤¢e †gvnv¤§` AvgRv` †nv‡mb Avgv‡`i †`‡ki GKKv‡j mwµq D”Qj b`-b`x¸‡jvi †ewki fvM GLb yie ’vi wkKvi| fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡ki eo eo b`-b`x¸‡jv h_v M½v, eªþcyÎ,

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b`x 19

(Uv½vBj-XvKv), evjy (MvRxcyi-XvKv)Ñ G b`x¸‡jv meB AcwiKwíZ bMivqb, f‚wg Rei`Lj, iv —v wbg©vY, ΓwUc~Y© wbg©vY‰kjx I wWRvB‡bi †mZz wbg©vY, AwZwi³ cwj-evjy RgvÑ Gme Kvi‡Y ¶wZMÖ — n‡q‡Q| Gfv‡e †`Lv hvq, cÖ‡qvRbxq cvwbcÖev‡ni Afve, fvOb, AwZwi³ cwj Rgv, A‰ea `Lj`vwiZ¡- Gme Kvi‡Y AwaKvsk b`-b`x †mªvZnxb n‡”Q, g„Zz i w`‡K GwM‡q hv‡”Q| BwZg‡a¨ eû ¯’v‡b fivU n‡q‡Q, Pi R‡b¥ †R‡M‡Q nvRvi nvRvi GKi RvqMv| Pi covi Kvi‡YB Dˇi wZ¯—v b`xi AeevwnKv, cwðg-ga¨ A‡j cÙvi ey‡K †`ŠjZw`qv-ivRevox GjvKv, XvKv-gyÝxM‡Äi a‡jk¦ix AeevwnKv Ges †gNbvi Pi GjvKvq nvRvi nvRvi †n±i f‚wg evwj‡Z †Q‡q †M‡Q| G‡K b`x‡Z bve¨Zv †bB, Ab¨w`‡K Aí cvwb evo‡jB mgMÖ GjvKv eb¨vKewjZ n‡q c‡o| GKKv‡j e„nËi iscyi, e¸ov, wmivRMÄ, gvwbKMÄ, †`ŠjZw`qv, bMievox, ivRevox Ges †gNbv AeevwnKvi evwj Ave„Z GjvKv¸‡jv g~j b`-b`xi Ask wQj| cÖK…Zc‡¶ b`x¸‡jvi wQj mywe¯—…Z De©i AeevwnKv| cvk¦©eZx© GjvKvI wQj De©i f‚wg| AvR †_‡K 10/15 eQi c~‡e© weivRgvb G Ae ’vi A‡bK „óvš— g‡b fvm‡e| †h b`xcÖevn g~j †mªvZaviv wQj, Zvi †ek wKQy Ask GLbI mn‡RB mwµq ev Kvh©¶g Kiv m¤¢e| †`‡ki Dˇi mxgvš— †_‡K wZ —vgyLNvU ch©š— wZ —v, hgybv weª‡Ri 60/70 wK. wg. DËi †_‡K bMievox n‡q AvwiPvi cÙv, gvwbKM‡Äi DËi-c~e© GjvKvRy‡o XvKvi w`‡K e‡q hvIqv GKKv‡ji mycÖmvwiZ cÖgËv KvjxM½v, wgicyi GjvKv †_‡K Kvgiv½xiPi †Nu‡l eywoM½v ch©š— Zziv‡Mi g~j †mªvZ‡K Lye mn‡RB mPj K‡i †Zvjv m¤¢e| mPj b`x Zvi e¶¯’j my¯’ ivL‡e, G †Zv mnR welq| GB †Zv †mw`bI ïé †gŠmy‡g gvSvwi we¯§„„wZi b`-b`x¸‡jv‡Z gvjevnx eo †bŠKv I j PjvP‡ji g‡Zv cvwbi MfxiZv wQj| cyivZb eªþcyÎ, wZ¯—v, aijv, Ki‡Zvqv, AvÎvB, gnvb›`v, cybf©ev, BQvgwZ, gaygwZ, †eMewZ, WvKvwZqv, K‡cvZv¶, a‡jk¦ix, KvjxM½v, eskx, evjy Gme weL¨vZ b`-b`x¸‡jv GLb wech©¯— Ae¯’vq c‡o‡Q| G¸‡jvi cvwbcÖevn ﮋ †gŠmy‡g Ki“Y Ae¯’vq cwZZ nq| G cÖm‡½ g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, wZ —v, eªþcyÎ, hgybv I cÙvi †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Ask g„ZcÖvq Ae ’vq DcbxZ n‡q‡Q| Dc‡iv³ b`-b`x¸‡jvi cvwbcÖevn †hKv‡j ¯^vfvweK wQj, †mKv‡jB Avgv‡`i wcÖq †`kwU km¨-k¨vgj †mvbvi evsjvq cwiYZ n‡qwQj| BwZnvmwe`MY G m¤ú‡K© AviI D¾¡j `„óvš— Dcnvi w`‡Z cvi‡eb| wKš‘ ¯§„wZgš’b I `ytL K‡iB `vwqZ¡ †kl Kiv hv‡e bv| b`-b`x¸‡jv mPj Kivi Rb¨ `xN©‡gqvw` mgwš^Z Kg©m~wP MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| Z‡e Kvh©µg AwZmZ¡i Avi¤¢ Ki‡Z n‡e| A‡_©i cwigvY Ges KZ mg‡q GKUv m‡š—vlRbK Ae ’vq †cuŠQv‡bv hv‡e, Zv µgvš^‡q wba©viY Kiv hv‡e| welqwU GZB ¸i“Z¡c~Y© I ev¯—em¤§Z †h, KvR ïi“ Kivi Rb¨ Avi †Kv‡bv

b`x 20

ARynvZ †LuvRvi hyw³ †bB| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv b`x ms¯‹v‡ii KvR GLbB (GB ﮋ †gŠmy‡gB) nv‡Z wb‡Z n‡e| Kv‡Ri ˆewkó¨ wK n‡e, AvBbMZ †Kv‡bv mgm¨v Govevi wK e¨e ’v †bqv hv‡e, Gme Aek¨ cÖv_wgK ¸i“‡Z¡i welq| G Lv‡Z A_©vqb AZ¨š— ev¯—eZvi wbwi‡L I `ª“ZZvi m‡½ †hvMv‡Z n‡e| †`Lv hv‡e AvMvgx el©v †gŠmy‡gB mydj cvIqv hv‡e| GKB mg‡q Avgiv Rvwb, b`x †WªwRs‡qi KvR †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡b Pj‡Q| c„_Kfv‡e G KvR K‡i †h‡Z n‡e| Avgv‡`i b`-b`x¸‡jvi †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bvwU‡K †KD †KD g„Z e‡j AvL¨v w`‡Z cQ›` K‡ib| Avwg g‡b Kwi, cÖvq g„Z GB b`x¸‡jv‡K g„Z bv e‡j ms¯‹vi‡hvM¨ ejvB hyw³m½Z| ¶wZMÖ¯— b`xi †h f‚wg GLb †e`Lj n‡q‡Q, ZvI †Zv D×vi Kiv hvq| mZ¨ n‡jI G fvebv ˆbivk¨RbK bq| KviY Kv‡R nvZ †`qvi my‡hvM Av‡Q| b`x ms¯‹vi I Dbœq‡b AwZ Ri“wi QqwU AMÖvwaKvi‡hvM¨ †Rvb D‡j −L Kiv b`-b`xi eZ©gvb Ae¯’vi wbwi‡L LyeB cÖvmw½K| G †Rvb QqwU n‡”QÑ wZ¯—v, cyivZb eªþcyÎ, hgybv, Kzwkqviv-weweqvbv-myigv, †gNbv (cÙv-†gNbv m½g¯’j †_‡K DËi-cwðg I DËi-c~e© w`K) Ges a‡jk¦ix-KvjxM½v-eskx-eywoM½v (gvwbKMÄ-XvKvRy‡o)| A‡b‡K nq‡Zv ej‡eb, RqcyinvU-e¸ov-bv‡Uvi, gv¸iv-bovBj †Rv‡b Ki‡Zvqv, AvÎvB, BQvgwZ, gaygwZ Gme b`xi Ki“Y Ae ’vI †Zv G GjvKvi ytL I y ©kvi KviY n‡q uvwo‡q‡Q| eb¨v-Rjve×Zv-cvwbk~b¨ZvÑ Gme y ©kvi KviY †gvP‡b G¸‡jviI AMÖvwaKvi wfwˇZ ms¯‹vi I Dbœqb Kiv Ri“wi| G K_v A ^xKvi Kivi Dcvq †bB, K‡qK eQi Av‡MI cwð‡gi GK wekvj GjvKv AKvj eb¨vi (2000-Gi AvM÷-A‡±vei) Ke‡j c‡o| ZLb ga¨, c~e© I `w¶Y A‡j eb¨v †Zgb GKUv †`Lv †`qwb| b`x ms¯‹v‡ii cÖ‡kœ G †RvbwU ZvB LyeB ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| Z_vwc c~‡e©v³ QqwU †Rvb AviI ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| KviY Dc‡iv³ QqwU †Rvb (cyivZb eªþcyÎ e¨ZxZ) evsjv‡`‡ki g~j b`x †mªvZ‡K GLbI wbqš¿Y Ki‡Q| GKKv‡j mvejxj Ae¯’v‡b wQj cyivZb eªþcyÎ †RvbI| ïb‡Z Ki“Y I †e`bv`vqK n‡jI, GLb Zv †bB| GLb Zv `yt‡Li (eb¨vi Ges cvwbk~b¨Zvi) KviY| G¸‡jv‡K mwµq Kiv n‡j Ab¨vb¨ b`-b`xi ms¯‹vi mnR n‡q hv‡e| GUv GK wekvj I KwVb KvR‡K mnR Kivi Dcvq| b`xi †mªvZ el©v I ﮋ Dfq †gŠmy‡g mwµq ivLv m¤¢e n‡j †m Zvi Dcb`x I kvLv b`xmg~n‡K cvwbcyó ivL‡Z m¶g n‡e| †Kv‡bv wKQyB Avcbv Avcwb mPj _v‡K bv| b`-b`x¸‡jv kZ-mnmª eQi cvwbcÖevn a‡i †i‡L‡Q| Kv‡ji cwiµgvq fvOb I cwj R‡g AvR‡Ki Ae¯’vq c‡o‡Q| GUvB †mŠfv‡M¨i welq †h, GLbI kZ kZ b`-b`x I Lvj Avgv‡`i †`‡ki f‚wg‡K cvwbcÖev‡n we‡aŠZ K‡i hv‡”Q| mviv fviZe‡l©I †Zv GUv GK Abb¨ welq| hZw`b G¸‡jv bve¨ _vK‡e, cvwbcÖevn mvejxj _vK‡e, ZZw`b Avgv‡`i †`‡ki f‚wg De©i I km¨-k¨vgj _vK‡e| Kvjcwiµgvq GLb b`x¸‡jvi ms¯‹vi

b`x 21

I Dbœqb cÖ‡qvRb| †m KvRUv Avgv‡`i mvwe©K ¯^v‡_©B mgvav Ki‡Z n‡e| b`-b`x †_‡K Avgv‡`i cÖvwß Ae¨vnZ ivL‡Z n‡e| G‡`i cÖwZI Avgv‡`i `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e| b`x ms¯‹vi I Dbœq‡bi Dc‡iv³ QqwU †Rv‡bi KvR m¤úbœ Ki‡Z 5000 (cuvP nvRvi) †KvwU UvKvi g‡Zv A_© cÖ‡qvRb n‡e e‡j AwfÁRb g‡b K‡ib| eZ©gvb ﮋ †gŠmy‡g KvR ïi“ Ki‡j el©v Avmvi c~‡e©B IB Qq †Rv‡bi KvR m¤úbœ Kiv hv‡e| cÖwZ †Rv‡bi Rb¨ 800 †_‡K 900 †KvwU UvKv wnmve a‡i G A¼ uvovq| Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ b`xi cÖk —Zv wVK †i‡L 5-10 dzU ch©š— Mfxi Ki‡Z n‡e| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †¶‡Î AviI AwaK Mfxi Ki‡Z n‡e| `yÕGKwU †¶‡Î Avkcv‡ki kvLv-cÖkvLv ev` †i‡L g~j †mªvZ‡K D×vi Ki‡Z n‡e| Ggwbfv‡e hw` wZbwU ch©v‡q Kg©m~wP MÖnY Kiv nq, †Zv aviYv Kiv hvq, wZb eQ‡i (A_ev yB eQi K‡i Qq eQ‡i) mviv‡`‡ki g~j b`-b`x¸‡jvi ms¯‹vi KvR m¤úbœ Kiv hv‡e| ev‡R‡Ui cwigvY 15000 †KvwU UvKvi g‡Zv n‡Z cv‡i| ev‡R‡Ui cwigvY Aek¨ Kv‡Ri cwiwai IciB wbf©ikxj| b`x¸‡jvi bve¨Zv wdwi‡q Avb‡Z G Kg©m~wP MÖnY Kiv Avgv‡`i Rb¨ Aw —‡Z¡i cÖkœ| Avgv‡`i g‡Zv †fŠ‡MvwjK cwi‡e‡ki †`‡ki Rb¨ b`x ms¯‹vi I b`x Dbœqb welqK `vwqZ¡kxj GKwU KZ…©c¶ _vKvi cÖ‡qvRb Lye †ewk| cvwb Dbœqb †evW© AviI kw³kvjx Ges weÁvbwfwËK n‡jI Pj‡e| cvwbm¤ú` gš¿Yvj‡qi Aax‡bB G KZ…©c¶ KvR Ki‡e| Gi m‡½ mshy³ _vK‡Z cv‡i b`x M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU| eZ©gv‡b †h b`x M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU KvR Ki‡Q, Zv‡K AviI kw³kvjx ev mwµq Ki‡Z n‡e| AvMvgx w`‡b hLb km¨ Drcv`b‡hvM¨ f‚wg AviI K‡g hv‡e, we‡kl K‡i b`-b`x¸‡jvi g‡a¨ cvwbcÖevn Kgvi d‡j Gi GjvKv AviI †e‡o hv‡e, †`‡ki `w¶Yv‡ji K…wl f‚wg‡Z Ges gvQ Pvl‡hvM¨ Lvj¸‡jv‡Z jeYv³Zv AviI †e‡o hv‡e, ZLb b`-b`x¸‡jvi bve¨Zv D×vi I G¸‡jvi Dbœq‡bi e¨e ’v MÖn‡Yi ¸i“Z¡ AviI †e‡o hv‡e| †`‡ki gvby‡li K…wlwbf©i RxweKvi Rb¨ Dchy³ f‚wg I cvwb AÂj myi¶vi KvRwU b`x ms¯‹vi e¨ZxZ †h m¤¢e bq, AvMvgx w`‡bi cÖwZ ZvwK‡q bv †_‡K GLbB Avgv‡`i Zv Dcjwä Ki‡Z n‡e| †h KÕwU †Rvb‡K ms¯‹v‡ii †¶‡Î cÖvavb¨ †`qvi K_v ejjvg Zvi †cQ‡b h‡_ó A_©‰bwZK I weÁvbwfwËK hyw³ Av‡Q| myigv-Kzwkqviv †Rvb GKKv‡j LyeB bve¨ wQj| †hvMv‡hvM, e¨emvq-evwYR¨ I K…wl †¶‡Î G b`xc_¸‡jv G A‡ji RbM‡Yi Rxeb c×wZ‡Z wbweofv‡e hy³ wQj| Zv‡`i RxebhvÎvB ïay bq, G A‡ji Dbœqb-AMÖMwZI G b`x¸‡jvi Ici wbf©ikxj wQj| eZ©gvb mg‡q mwµq Kiv n‡j, G b`x c_¸‡jv‡K, Lvj, wej, nvIo‡K †`‡ki K…wl I cwi‡e‡ki DbœwZ Ges mvwe©Kfv‡e GjvKvi AMÖMwZi c‡_ AviI AwaK Kv‡R jvMv‡bv hv‡e| G mZ¨ZvI g‡b ivLv cÖ‡qvRb, GZ`‡ji cve©Z¨ f‚wg‡Z DBÛwkj ¯’vcb K‡i †hgb we`y¨r Drcv`b

b`x 22

Kiv hvq, Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e ye©j myigv b`x‡Z Kzwkqvivi fvwi Rj‡mªvZ †U‡b G‡bI we`y¨r Drcv`b Kiv hvq| Dˇi wZ —vi g~j †mªvZ, Zvi Dcb`x, kvLvb`x Ges msjMœ Lvj¸‡jvRy‡o GLb evwj a~mwiZ gi“cÖvq A‡j ch©ewmZ n‡q‡Q| AviI Dˇi cÖwZ‡ekx fvi‡Z RjcvB¸wo †Rjvq †hme ms‡hvM Lvj I euva wbg©vY Kiv n‡q‡Q, †m¸‡jvi Kvi‡Y ﮋ †gŠmy‡g wZ¯Ív, Ki‡Zvqv, cybf©ev, aijv Gme b`x‡Z cvwbcÖevn gvivZ¥Kfv‡e K‡g †M‡Q| Avjvc-Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g DRv‡b euva wbg©v‡Yi welqwUi myivnv Kiv LyeB Ri“wi| Z‡e wZ —v ms¯‹vi Ges msjMœ GjvKvi Lvj¸‡jv‡K Rjvav‡i cwiYZ Kivi KvRI Ri“wifv‡e Avi¤¢ Ki‡Z n‡e| mvwe©K bve¨Zvi j‡¶¨ wZ¯—v †Rvb ms¯‹vi I Dbœqb Ges K…wli ¯^v‡_© msjMœ Lvj¸‡jv‡K Rjvav‡i iƒcvš—iKi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv fvi‡Z wbwg©Z ms‡hvM Lvj I euva mgm¨vi evB‡iI Avgv‡`i Abyaveb Ki‡Z n‡e| eb¨vi Kivj MÖv‡mi mgq welqwUi ¸i“Z¡ AviI Dcjwä Kiv hvq| cyivZb eªþcy‡Îi K_v DV‡jB A‡b‡K AuvZ‡K I‡Vb| G‡KI wK mwµq I †eMevb Kiv m¤¢e? A_ev G Sv‡gjvq Avgiv †Kb hve? g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, Rvgvjcyi, gqgbwmsn I wK‡kviM‡Äi wekvj GjvKv †aŠZ K‡i G b`x biwms`xi Dˇi †gNbvq Ges wfbœfv‡e biwms`xi cwð‡g kxZj¶¨vq wg‡j‡Q| cyivZb eªþcy‡Îi eû kvLv-cÖkvLv i‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv meB cÖv_wgKfv‡e Lbb I ms¯‹vi Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| Gme b`-b`xi e‡`Šj‡ZB mgMÖ Rvgvjcyi, gqgbwmsn, wK‡kviMÄ Ges biwms`x †Rjvi GK weivU Ask km¨-k¨vgj f‚wg‡Z cwiYZ wQj| wmivRMÄ n‡q cÙvi wech© — Ask AvwiPv †`ŠjZw`qvi c~‡e© 20/30 wK‡jvwgUvi ch©š— mPj Kivi j‡¶¨ ms¯‹vi I Lbb KvRI GLbB Avi¤¢ Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| Zv bv n‡j AwZmZ¡iB nq‡Zv hgybv †mZz †_‡K AvwiPv ch©š— mgMÖ GjvKv a~a~ evjy a~mwiZ gi“cÖvq GjvKvq cwiYZ n‡e| eb¨v †Kb nq, b`-b`x¸‡jvi Gme Ki“Y wPÎ †_‡K my¯úó nevi K_v| eb¨vi m‡½ †h gi“KiY cÖwµqv LyeB mnRfv‡e m¤úwK©Z, Zv g‡b nq AwaK e¨vL¨v Kivi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o bv| D‡j−L¨, ivRkvnx †Rv‡bi cÙv Ges kvLv b`x¸‡jvi ms¯‹vi cieZx© av‡c m¤úbœ Kiv hvq| a‡jk¦ix, KvjxM½v, ZzivM, eskx, eywoM½v †Rvb Ges XvKvi c~e©cv‡k evjy b`x XvKvmn gvwbKMÄ, gyÝxMÄ I bvivqYMÄ †Rjvi wekvj GjvKv‡K †Q‡q Av‡Q| b`xbvjvq †ewóZ Ges GKKv‡j AZ¨š— Mfxi I bve¨ _vKvi Kvi‡YB eywoM½vi Zx‡i XvKv bMixi cËb nq Ges gvwbKMÄ, bvivqYMÄ I gyÝxMÄ kn‡ii m„wóI b`xbvjv‡K Aej¤^b K‡i| XvKv bMixi g~j Ask †Zv e‡UB, Gi Dckni¸‡jvI GLb b`-b`xi bve¨Zvk~b¨Zvi Kvi‡Y ﮋ †gŠmy‡g cwi‡ek `~l‡Yi wkKvi nq| el©v †gŠmy‡gI †Zgwb Rjve× I eb¨vµvš— nq Gme GjvKv| Dc‡iv³ b`-b`x¸‡jv‡K mwµq Kiv Qvov G `yie¯’v †_‡K XvKv bMix, bvivqYMÄ, U½x Gme

b`x 23

GjvKvi cwi‡ek i¶v Kiv m¤¢e bq| Avkvi K_v GB, evjy b`x ms¯‹v‡ii KvR ïi“ n‡q‡Q| ïay evjy b`x bq, G †Rv‡bi Ab¨ b`x¸‡jvi bve¨ZvI Ri“wi wfwˇZ cybi“×vi Ki‡Z n‡e| †gNbv †Rvb mgy‡ ªi wbKUeZx© nIqvi Kvi‡Y Ges eû b`-b`xi cvwbcÖevn †gNbvi m‡½ wgwjZ nq e‡j †gNbvi cÖk — wekvj eni mviveQi †ek fv‡jv Rj‡mªvZ enb K‡i| wKš‘ †gNbvi A‡bK¸‡jv Dcb`x, kvLvb`x GLb cwj‡Z fivU n‡q hv‡”Q| Puv`cy‡ii DRv‡b I fvwU‡Z †gNbv †Rvb‡K 30/35 wK‡jvwgUvi mwµq Kiv n‡j, cvk¦©eZx© evwK b`x¸‡jv ms¯‹v‡ii LiPI Kg n‡e| †gNbvi †gvnbv¸‡jvi (mvKz‡j¨ PviwU) me¸‡jv mgvb `ye©j bq| `ye©j †mªvZm¤úbœ †gvnbv¸‡jvi gv_vqB nvwZqv, wbSzg, gbcyiv cÖf…wZ Øx‡ci m„wó nq| †gNbv †gvnbvi ms¯‹v‡ii A_© wKš‘ Gme Øxc‡K ûgwKi gy‡L †djv bq| †Kbbv b`xi MfxiZv evo‡j Zxif‚wg fvOvi cÖfve K‡g| Gi d‡j eis G¸‡jvi ¸i“Z¡ evwYwR¨K A‡_© AviI evo‡e| Gme Øxc i¶vi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq euva wbg©vY GKwU ¯^xK…Z welq| b`x Lbb I ms¯‹v‡ii †¶‡Î b`-b`xi AwaKZi AuvKveuvKv Ask¸‡jv‡K A‡c¶vK…Z mij Kivi D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| mij n‡j †mªv‡Zi d‡j fvOb I cwj R‡g fivU DfqB Kg n‡e| †ek euvKv As‡ki ywU wbKUZg Ask ms‡hvM Kiv n‡j euvKv As‡k GKwU Lvj ev Rjvavi Drcbœ n‡e| Gfv‡e A‡bK b`-b`x‡K mij Lvj I Rjvavi Drcbœ K‡i cvwb e¨env‡ii cwiwa evov‡bv hvq| b`xi bve¨Zv i¶v Zv‡Z mnR n‡e| evsjv‡`‡ki b`-b`x¸‡jvi cÖvq meB cwj I fiv‡Ui cÖfv‡e Ges A‡bK †¶‡Î eµZvi Kvi‡Y Zv‡`i bve¨Zv nviv‡”Q, †mªvZnxb n‡”Q| GgbI †`Lv hv‡e, b`-b`x¸‡jvi GK GKUvi GK-†`o wK‡jvwgUvi cwj I fiv‡Ui Kejgy³ _vKvq myMfxi Lv‡ji AvK…wZ aviY K‡i‡Q, †h Lv‡ji m‡½ GKmgq b`xi g~j †mªvZ mshy³ wQj| Lv‡ji G AskUv‡K cybivq g~j †mªv‡Zi m‡½ hy³ Ki‡j cvwb a‡i ivLv †hgb m¤¢e, g~j‡mªvZ †_‡K Kv‡ji gva¨‡g cvwb wb‡q K…wlf‚wg‡Z †mPKvR Pvjy ivLvI †Zgwb m¤¢e| Dc‡iv³ QqwU †RvbB ïay bq, †`‡ki Ab¨vb¨ b`xen‡ii †¶‡ÎI welqwU ev —em¤§Z| cvwb a‡i ivLvi D‡Ï‡k¨ wZ —v, eªþcyÎ, hgybv, Kzwkqviv-myigv Ges KvwjM½v-a‡jk¦ix †Rv‡bI Rjvavi Ges ms‡hvM Lvj m„wó Kiv hyw³hy³ n‡e| Gfv‡e fvj-wej-nvIi-b`x ms‡hvM cÖwµqvq b`-b`x ms¯‹v‡ii welqwU‡K cÖmvwiZ Ki‡Z n‡e| b`x ms¯‹v‡ii †ek wKQy KvR Kv‡Ri wewbg‡q Lv`¨ Kg©m~wP‡Z m¤úbœ Kiv m¤¢e| evwK KvR hvwš¿Kfv‡e m¤úbœ Ki‡Z n‡e| b`-b`xmg~‡ni Zxi Dbœqb, b`-b`x ms¯‹vi I Dbœq‡bi m‡½ m‡½ G gnvg~j¨evb cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡`i h‡_vchy³ msi¶‡Yi cš’vI AvaywbK e¨e ’vcbvi gva¨‡g m¤úbœ Ki‡Z n‡e| b`xi Zxi Dbœqb I msi¶Y Ges b`x Zx‡ii mwVK e¨envi wbwðZ Kiv GKwU AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welq| AbeiZ eR© wb‡¶‡ci d‡j

b`x 24

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b`x 25

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b`x 27

euva GLb giYduv` Avmv`Dj−vn Lvb eb¨v wbqš¿Y wKsev m —v cvwbwe y r mieiv‡ni Rb¨ euva wbg©vY Kg©m~wP m¤úÖwZ Avkxe©v` bv n‡q Awfkvc n‡q `uvwo‡q‡Q| we`y¨‡Zi K_vB aiv hvK| A‡bK Av‡M †_‡KB cÖPwjZ e¨e ’vq euva wbg©vY K‡i euv‡ai †cQ‡bi GjvKvq cvwb msi¶‡Yi gva¨‡g DuPz Xvj †_‡K UvievB‡bi Ici cvwb †d‡j we`y¨r Drcv`b Kiv n‡”Q| GZ Kg wewb‡qv‡M we`y¨r Drcv`be¨e¯’v A‡bKUv cÖK…wZi `vb e‡j g‡b Kivq KviI †Kv‡bv mskq †bB| G‡Z cwi‡ek KjywlZ nq bv, G we`y¨r cvIqvi wecix‡Z †Kv‡bv LiP †bB Ges eQ‡ii ci eQi webv LiPvq I webv Avqv‡m cÖK…wZi `v‡bi gva¨‡g G we y rcÖvwß wbwðZ Kiv m¤¢e| AviI AvKl©Yxq e¨vcvi n‡jv, euv‡ai †cQ‡b †h weivU K…wÎg n«` ˆZwi nq, †mUv ch©U‡bi AvKl©Y QvovI gv‡Qi Lvgvi wn‡m‡e M‡o †Zvjv hvq| G wekvj cvwb msi¶YvMvi †_‡K MÖx®§ Ges Livi †gŠmy‡g cÖ‡qvRbg‡Zv cvwb †Q‡o euv‡ai cv`‡`‡k we¯—xY© A‡j K…wl Drcv`b Pvjv‡bv m¤¢e| wKš‘ cÖK…wZ, cwi‡ek, Rb‡Mvôx Ges mgvR KvVv‡gvi Ici G euva wbg©v‡Yi weiƒc cÖwZwµqv GLb gvby‡li bR‡i Avm‡Q| cÖvK…wZK wbq‡g cÖengvb b`xi †mÖvZ Ges eb¨vi Xj K…wÎg Dcv‡q ˆZwi euva w`‡q AvUKv‡bvi d‡j euv‡ai cvk¦©eZx© A‡ji cwi‡e‡ki e¨vcK ¶wZ n‡”Q| 1994 mv‡ji wek¦e¨vs‡Ki GK mgx¶vq Rvbv †M‡Q, G ch©š— c„w_exi wewfbœ ’v‡b 15 wgUvi (50 dzU) †_‡K 150 wgUvi D”PZvi cÖvq 300 e„nr AvKv‡ii euva wbg©vY Kiv n‡q‡Q| G ai‡bi euva wbg©v‡Yi Kvi‡Y mviv ywbqvq cÖwZeQi cÖvq 40 jvL gvbyl Zv‡`i ˆcZ…K evwoNi †Q‡o Ab¨Î AvkÖq wb‡Z eva¨ n‡”Q| myôz cwiKíbvi Afv‡e Gme NiQvov gvby‡li Rxe‡b KwVb y‡f©vM †b‡g G‡m‡Q| G K_v Ab ^xKvh© evsjv‡`k, fviZ, cvwK —vb Ges Gwkqvi Ab¨vb¨ `vwi ª cxwoZ †`‡k euva wbg©v‡Yi gva¨‡g Aí Li‡P we y rcÖvwß I †eKvi Rb‡Mvôxi Kg©ms ’v‡bi my‡hvM m„wó nIqv m¤¢e| „óvš— ^iƒc ejv hvq, fvi‡Zi ¸RivU Ges ga¨ cÖ‡`‡ki mxgvš— †Nu‡l bg© v b`xi Ici fviZxq gy ªvq cÖvq 21 nvRvi †KvwU UvKvq wbwg©Ze¨ mi`vi m‡ivei euva wbg©v‡Yi d‡j †mŠivóª, KP Ges DËi ¸Riv‡Ui LivcxwoZ `yB †KvwU gvby‡li Rxe‡b bZzb Avkvi m„wó n‡Z cv‡i| Rvbv †M‡Q, euv‡ai wbg©vYKvR †kl n‡j cÖvq 18 jvL †n±i Rwg K…wlKv‡Ri AvIZvq Avm‡e| euv‡ai cvwbwe y r cÖKí †_‡K cÖvq GK nvRvi 450 †gMvIqvU we`y¨r Drcvw`Z n‡e| `vi“Y LivcxwoZ cÖvq 135wU kni Ges AvU nvRvi MÖv‡g cvbxq R‡ji msKU wbimb n‡e BZ¨vw`| euv‡ai D”PZv D‡`¨v³v‡`i g‡Z, 138 wgUvi n‡j G m¤¢vebv¸‡jvi cÖvwß wbwðZ n‡Zv| wKš‘

b`x 28

m¤úÖwZ fvi‡Zi mywcÖg‡KvU© †_‡K euv‡ai m‡e©v”P D”PZv 90 wgUvi †eu‡a †`qvq Gme myweavcÖvwßi welq AwbwðZ n‡q c‡o‡Q| wekvjvK…wZi euva wbg©v‡Yi welqwU eo †`k¸‡jvi Kv‡Q gh©v`vi cÖZxK| c„w_exi DbœZ †`kmg~n h_v Av‡gwiKv Ges Rvcv‡bi K_v ev` w`‡jI Gkxq f‚L‡Ê fviZ I Pxb G ch©š— cÖvq 26 nvRvi 291wU euva wbg©vY K‡i‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ c„w_exi †gvU euva wbg©v‡Yi msL¨vi wnmv‡e GKgvÎ Px‡bB cÖvq 22 nvRvi euva wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q| G msL¨v c„w_exe¨vcx wbwg©Z †gvU euv‡ai msL¨vi cÖvq kZKiv 55 fvM| G ai‡bi e¨vcKwfwËK euva wbg©v‡Yi d‡j G ch©š— Px‡b cÖvq GK †KvwU wek jvL gvbyl ev¯‘Pz¨Z n‡q‡Q| euva wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q wVKB, wKš‘ Px‡bi Av_©mvgvwRK Ae¯’vi DbœwZ nqwb| †hLv‡bB euva, †mLv‡bB ïi“ n‡q‡Q b`xi m‡½ gvby‡li GK Amg jovB| gvbyl Pvq b`x‡K †eu‡a †dj‡Z Avi b`x Pvq cÖej kw³ w`‡q †mB eÜb †_‡K gy³ n‡Z| b`x weÁvbxiv GLb eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Qb, b`x‡Z euva w`‡j bvbv cÖwZwµqv †`Lv †`q| IB euva‡bi wei“‡× b`xi Av‡µvk Kvjµ‡g Ggb iƒc †bq †h b`x AeevwnKvi we¯—xY© As‡k emevmKvix gvby‡li Rxeb wecbœ K‡i †Zv‡j| 1960 mv‡j wgm‡ii bxj b‡`i Ici Av‡mvqvb euva ˆZwii KvR ïi“ n‡qwQj| Zvici †_‡K ILv‡b ïi“ n‡q‡Q cÖK…wZi we‡`ªvn| †h Rwg‡Z †m‡Pi cvwb †`qv n‡qwQj, †mB Rwg AvR jeYv³, DcK‚‡j ïi“ n‡q‡Q e¨vcK f‚wg¶q, Rjvav‡i mwÂZ n‡q‡Q cwj, b`xi aviY¶gZv n«vm †c‡q‡Q| Ggb NUbv ïay wgm‡i bq, c„w_exi bvbv †`‡kB †`Lv w`‡q‡Q| DbœZ cwðgv iv󪸇jv‡Z ZvB K‡qKwU euva †f‡O w`‡q b`x‡K Avevi gy³ Kivi wm×vš— †bqv n‡q‡Q| G ai‡bi euva wbg©v‡Y †Lv` fvi‡Z Kx ai‡bi Ab_© m„wó n‡q‡Q, Zv LwZ‡q †`Lv †h‡Z cv‡i| 1947 mv‡j fvi‡Zi ^vaxbZvjv‡fi ci Z_vKw_Z Dbœq‡bi j‡¶¨ mviv fvi‡Z †gvU wZb nvRvi 300 euva wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q| wewfbœ m~Î †_‡K cÖvß Z_¨ †_‡K Rvbv †M‡Q, eo Rjvavi¸‡jv eû MÖvg‡K ’vqxfv‡e c −vweZ K‡i‡Q| BwÛqvb Bbw÷wUDU Ae A¨vWwgwb‡÷ªk‡bi GK mgx¶v wi‡cvU© †_‡K Rvbv †M‡Q, cÖwZwU Rjvav‡ii Rb¨ M‡o cÖvq 44 nvRvi gvbyl M„nnxb n‡q‡Q| ¯^vfvweKfv‡e ïi“ n‡q‡Q eo euv‡ai wei“‡× MYAv‡›`vjb| mi`vi m‡ivei wb‡q †gav cvUKv‡ii Av‡›`vj‡bi d‡j wek¦e¨vsK G cÖK‡í mvnvh¨ †`qv eÜ K‡i‡Q| Awf‡hv‡Mi AvOzj D‡V‡Q fvi‡Zi cwðge‡½i dviv°v e¨v‡i‡Ri w`‡KI| 1975 mv‡j Pvjy nq dviv°v cÖKí| dviv°v †_‡K R½xcyi ch©š— 38 wK‡jvwgUvi `xN© GKwU Lvj †K‡U 40 nvRvi wKD‡mK cvwb fvMxi_x‡Z †djvi Rb¨ G e¨e¯’v| fvi‡Zi b`x weÁvbx‡`i AbymÜvbx wi‡cv‡U© Rvbv †M‡Q, `ye©j RjcÖev‡ni Rb¨ GLb ûMwj b`xi †gvnbvq cÖwZeQi cÖvq 41 †KvwU Ub cwj mwÂZ n‡”Q| fviZxq weÁvbxiv ej‡Qb, AZx‡Z el©vi cÖej †mÖvZ cÖPzi cwj ay‡q mvM‡i wb‡q †hZ, wKš‘ fvi‡Zi cwðge‡½ wWwfwm, gkvb †Rvo, KsmveZx,

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wns‡jv BZ¨vw` Rjvavi¸‡jv ˆZwii ci †mB cÖevnI A‡bK `ye©j n‡q c‡o‡Q| MwZkxj wecyj Rjaviv i“× nIqvi d‡j b`x‡Z †`Lv †`q bvbv cÖwZwµqv| M½v cÖwZeQi cÖvq 80 †KvwU Ub cwj enb K‡i Av‡b| dviv°v e¨v‡iR wbg©v‡Yi ci DRv‡b Ges evsjv‡`k A‡j b`x¸‡jv‡Z †h wecyj cwigvY cwj mwÂZ n‡q‡Q, Zvi d‡j b`xi MfxiZv I Xvj n«vm †c‡q‡Q Ges †m Rb¨B ïi“ n‡q‡Q M½v †_‡K ïi“ K‡i evsjv‡`‡ki Af¨š—‡i b`x¸‡jvi cwieZ©b I fvOb| myZivs †h j¶¨ Ges D‡Ïk¨ mvg‡b †i‡L euva wbg©vY Kiv n‡”Q, cÖvqk †mUvB e¨vnZ n‡”Q| euv‡ai †cQ‡b Rjvav‡i a‡i ivLv cvwbi Øviv K…wlRwg Ges †m‡Pi wekvj GjvKv RjgMœ n‡”Q| mvaviYZ el©v †gŠmy‡g cÖej †mÖvZ Ges cvwbcÖev‡ni d‡j gvwUi Zj‡`‡ki jeYv³Zv cvwbi Ic‡i P‡j Avm‡Q| Zv Avevi ev®úxf‚Z n‡q je‡Yi ¯—i Rwgi Ici w_Zv‡bv Ae¯’vq R‡g _vK‡Q| euva wbg©v‡Yi Av‡M b`xi †mÖvZaviv, eb¨vi Xj Ges e„wói cvwbi †eM me ai‡bi RÄvj, jeYv³Zv Ges eR©¨mn Zzgyj †e‡M mgy‡`ª cwZZ nIqvi c‡_ †Kv‡bv cÖwZeÜK _v‡K bv| d‡j K…wlKv‡Ri Rwgi jeYv³Zv m‡i †hZ Ges Rwgi Ici bZzb cwj c‡o Rwgi De©iZv e„w× †cZ| wKš‘ euva wbg©v‡Yi d‡j cvwbcÖevn AvU‡K hvIqvq jeYv³Zv wbKv‡ki c_ _vK‡Q bv| cÖengvb b`xi †mÖvZaviv euva w`‡q AvU‡K euv‡ai gy‡L UvievBb ewm‡q we`y¨r Drcv`‡bi e¨e¯’v Kqjv wKsev Rxevk¥ h_v †Zj-M¨vm R¡vwj‡q we`y¨r Drcv`b-e¨e¯’v †_‡K cy‡ivcywi ~lYgy³ we‡ewPZ n‡jI cÖvwš—K ch©v‡q AviI wKQy weåv‡Ui Kvi‡Y c„w_exi DòZv †e‡o hv‡”Q e‡j we‡klÁiv aviYv Ki‡Qb| Zv‡`i G msk‡qi c_ a‡i 1998 mv‡j euva wbg©v‡Yi Dc‡hvwMZv Ges Gi m‡½ ΓwUwePz¨wZ we‡k−-l‡Yi j‡¶¨ c„w_exe¨vcx wekvj euva¸‡jvi Ici mgx¶v ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨ Ôwek¦ euva KwgkbÕ bv‡g GKwU ms¯’v MVb Kiv nq| IB ms¯’vi D‡`¨v‡M `xN© `yB eQi a‡i wek¦e¨vcx wbwg©Z 45 nvRvi euv‡ai g‡a¨ GK nvRviwUi wbKUeZx© A‡j mswk−ó RbMY Ges cvk¦©eZx© GjvKv †_‡K DcvË wb‡q GKwU e¨vcK wi‡cvU© ˆZwi Kiv nq| G mgx¶v wi‡cvU© †bwZevPK nIqvq wek¦e¨vsK wekvj euva wbg©vY Kg©m~wP‡Z A_©mvnvh¨ eÜ K‡i w`‡q‡Q| wekvj euva¸‡jv eb¨vi cvwbi †mÖvZ wKsev eb¨vPµ e`‡j †`q, †hgbwU N‡U‡Q fvi‡Zi cwðge‡½ Ges evsjv‡`‡ki DËiv‡j| DRv‡b euva †`qv Ges wewfbœ b`xgy‡L AcwiKwíZfv‡e m −yyBm‡MU wbg©v‡Yi d‡j DËiv‡ji A‡bK b`x ïwK‡q †M‡Q, h‡kvi Ges Lyjbv †Rjvi ga¨ w`‡q cÖevwnZ K‡cvZv¶ b‡`i wPý GLb Avi Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq bv| b`x‡Z evjy R‡g h‡kv‡ii fe`n Ges mvZ¶xivi we —xY© GjvKvq ’vqxfv‡e Rjve×Zvi m„wó n‡q‡Q| mvZ¶xiv `w¶YvÂj jeYv³Zv †_‡K gy³ ivLvi Rb¨ BjviP‡i eo b`xi gy‡L euva †`qvi Kvi‡Y mvZ¶xiv kn‡ii ga¨ w`‡q cÖevwnZ †Rvqvi-fvUvi LvjwU GLb A‡bKUv e× b`©gvq cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| euva b`x`~lY NUvq, Rwgi De©i cwj †U‡b wb‡q hvq

b`x 30

Ges m‡e©vcwi cvwbi ZvcgvÎvi cwieZ©b NUvq| d‡j MvQcvjvi Rš§ I e„w× e¨vnZ nq| Gi d‡j ebvÂj M‡o DV‡Q bv| Giƒc ˆeix cwi‡e‡k cÖvwYKzj Ges gv‡Qi cÖRbb I e„w× e¨vnZ nq| b`xi †mÖvZavivq cÖwZeÜKZv m„wó nIqvi d‡j gv‡Qi gy³ PjvPj wewNœZ nq Ges wKQy wKQy cÖRvwZi gvQ G‡Kev‡i wejyß n‡q †M‡Q| e× RvqMv gkKKz‡ji cÖRbb‡¶Î wn‡m‡e M‡o IVvi Kvi‡Y g¨v‡jwiqv Ges m¤úÖwZ wewfbœ †`‡k cvwbevwnZ †iv‡Mi we¯—…wZ N‡U‡Q| Gme †bwZevPK cÖfve we‡ePbv Ki‡j euva GLb giYduv` n‡q `uvwo‡q‡Q| Avmv`Dj−vn Lvb: evsjv‡`k cÖ‡KŠkj wek¦we`¨vj‡qi mv‡eK wk¶K Ges cix¶v wbqš¿K cÖ_g Av‡jv 21 RyjvB, 2008

b`x 31

ØxcPievmxi cÖZ¨vkv I cÖvwß : b`x wkKw — I cqw — AvBb AvwZDi ingvb b`xi GK‚j fv‡O IK‚j M‡o, GB †Zv b`xi †Ljv mKvj‡ejv Avwgi †i fvB dwKi mܨv‡ejv| bRi“‡ji AwZ cwiwPZ G Mv‡b b`xmsjMœ Rxeb-RxweKvi AwbðqZv ¯úófv‡eB dz‡U I‡V| b`xeûj evsjv‡`‡k cÖwZ eQiB fvO‡bi †Qve‡j wbwðý n‡q hvq nvRvi nvRvi cwiev‡ii mvRv‡bv msmvi, Avevw` Rwgmn Rxeb-RxweKvi cÖvq me Aej¤^b| G‡¶‡Î me‡P‡q †ewk y‡f©v‡Mi wkKvi nb ØxcPievmx| KviY ØxcPi LyeB f½yi| cÖwZwbqZB G Pi fv‡O| ZLb mnvq-m¤^j nvwi‡q Zviv AvkÖq †bb Ab¨ †Kv‡bv P‡i| †KD †KD nq‡Zv Rxe‡b 10-12 evi b`x fvO‡bi wkKvi n‡q RxebUvB KvwU‡q w`‡q‡Qb G Pi †_‡K †m P‡i| AvkÖq e`‡ji GB msMÖvg †hgb mvnmx, †Zgwb †e`bv`vqKI e‡U| wbt ^vq‡bi G cÖwµqvi gvbweK w`K¸‡jv GLb ch©š— Lye mdjfv‡e Avgiv Zz‡j a‡i DV‡Z cvwiwb| cvebvi ivbxbMi PiwU weMZ Pvi `k‡K GKUv ¯’vqx P‡i iƒc wb‡qwQj| wKš‘ nVvr K‡iB MZ eQi †_‡K cÙvi fvO‡bi Ke‡j c‡o PiwU| cy‡iv GKUv MÖvg †f‡O Zwj‡q hvq cvwbi wb‡P| fvO‡bi wkKvi myi“h Avjx Rvbvb, GLb †hLv‡b A‰_ Rjaviv, `yÕeQi Av‡MI †mLv‡b Zvi evc-`v`vi wf‡U wQj| Avi wQj K‡qK weNv Rwg| †hLv‡b dmj dwj‡q Lye ^v”Q‡›`¨ bv n‡jI fv‡jvg‡ZvB w`b †K‡U hvw”Qj| b`x‡Z mewKQy †f‡O wM‡q GLb †m wbt¯^| c‡ii Rwg‡Z †Kv‡bvg‡Z gv_v †MuvRvi VuvB Ry‡U‡Q| †L‡q-c‡i †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ GLb wZwb w`bgRywi K‡ib| G KvRI _v‡K bv eQ‡ii †ewkifvM mgq| b`x †Kej fv‡OB bv, M‡oI| b`x fvO‡bi cÖZ¨¶ dj evsjv‡`‡ki we¯—xY© Pif‚wg| †hLv‡b cÖvq 60-70 jvL gvbyl Rxeb-RxweKvi cÖ‡qvR‡b cÖwZwbqZ msMÖvg Ki‡Q| DËiv‡ji 51wU ØxcP‡ii Ici cwiPvwjZ GK M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q, Gme ØxcPievmxi AwaKvs‡kiB wbR ^ †Kv‡bv Rwg †bB| Rwg-Rgvi gvwjKvbv I †fvM`Lj wb‡qI Gme RvqMvq i‡q‡Q we —i mgm¨v I Am½wZ| b`x fvO‡bi d‡j m„ó Pif‚wgi gvwjKvbv msµvš— RwUjZv wbim‡bi Rb¨ eû Av‡M †_‡KB †Póv P‡j Avm‡Q| GZ`msµvš— mgm¨v wbim‡b me©cÖ_g GwM‡q Av‡mb ZrKvjxb weªwUk miKvi| Zviv 1825 mv‡j e½xq wkKw¯— I cqw¯—i cÖweavb Rvwii gva¨‡g G m¤úwK©Z e¨envi I cÖ‡qvMixwZg~jK wewaweavb‡K cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv AvB‡bi AvKvi †`q| †Kv‡bv bZzb AvB‡bi wewa cÖeZ©b G AvB‡bi D‡Ïk¨ wQj bv, eis †Kvb †¶‡Î ¯úó cÖwZwôZ cÖ‡qvMixwZ I cÖ_v †_‡K _vK‡j G cÖweav‡b †m¸‡jvi †kÖôZ¡ I cÖ‡hvR¨ZvB †NvwlZ n‡q‡Q gvÎ|

b`x 32

1825 mv‡ji G cÖweav‡b †gvUvgywU `yB ai‡bi Rwg cybM©V‡bi wel‡q wb‡`©kbv i‡q‡Q : GK, g~j ev Avw`¯’v‡b Rwgi cybM©Vb, `yB, bZzb f‚wgMVb ev PiMVb| wkKw —, fvOb ev f‚wg¶‡q Rwg wejxb nIqvi cieZx©Kv‡j IB Rwgi g~j ev cyi‡bv ¯’‡j Avevi Rwg M‡o DV‡j Zvi AMÖvwaKvi Ges bZzbfv‡e MwVZ Rwg ev bZzb P‡ii Rwgi gvwjKvbv `ywUB mywbw`©ó AwaKvi| welqwU mywbw`©ófv‡e cÖweav‡b †bB, Z‡e GwU 4 bs avivi 5 `dvq mwbœ‡ewkZ b¨vqwePvi I b¨vh¨Zvi g~jbxwZ †_‡K D™¢~Z| wcÖwfKvDwÝj †NvwlZ Dwj−wLZ bxwZi Aš—wb©wnZ aviYvwU n‡jv GB, cvwbi wb‡P Zwj‡q †M‡Q e‡jB m¤úwˇZ AwaKvi bó, aŸsm ev cwiewZ©Z n‡q hvqwb| RwgwU cvwb‡Z Zwj‡q _vKvi m¤ú~Y© Kvj cwiµgvq a‡i †bqv n‡e, IB wkKw — Rwgi gvwjK Zvi Rwg RjgMœ _vKvKv‡jI IB Rwgi `L‡j wQ‡jb| IB Rwg cybivq hLb †R‡M I‡V ZLb Zv kbv³ nIqvi ci wZwb Gi gvwjKvbv Avevi `vwe Ki‡Z cv‡ib| 1859 mv‡j e½xq LvRbv AvB‡bi 17 I 18 avivq mwbœ‡ewkZ cÖRv ^Z¡ AvB‡b G Abywm×vš—g~jK bxwZ ^xKvi K‡i †bqv nq †h, cqw —µ‡g †Kv‡bv cÖRvi Rwgi AvqZb †e‡o †M‡j

Zv‡K evowZ LvRbv w`‡Z n‡e, Avi K‡g †M‡j ev wkKw —i †¶‡Î †h cwigvY Rwg Zvi f‚wg¶qRwbZ Kvi‡Y K‡g hv‡e, †m Abycv‡Z ZZ cwigvY Kg LvRbv †`qvi AwaKvix n‡e| e½xq cÖRv ^Z¡ AvBb, 1885Õi 52 avivq GKB ai‡bi weavbvewj mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv nq| GK ms‡kvabx‡Z 86(K) bv‡g GKwU bZzb aviv e½xq cÖRv¯^Z¡ AvB‡b †hvM Kiv nq| G avivi weavb Abyhvqx, hw` †Kv‡bv cÖRv Zvi Rwg wkKw¯—i Kvi‡Y n«vmK…Z LvRbvi myweav †c‡q _v‡K Zvn‡j †m †¶‡Î a‡i †bqv n‡e, IB cÖRv wkKw¯— Rwg‡Z Zvi AwaKvi mgc©Y K‡i‡Q A_ev Zvi †m AwaKvi jyß n‡q‡Q| 1938 mv‡j G weavbwU‡K Avevi ms‡kvab Kiv nq| Gi AvIZvq GB g‡g© wbðqZvi e¨e¯’v Kiv nq, f‚wg¶q ev wkKw¯—i 20 eQ‡ii g‡a¨ Rwg cybM©wVZ n‡j Rwgi LvRbv n«vm m‡Ë¡I Zvi IB Rwg †diZ cvIqvi AwaKvi envj _vK‡e| 1950 mv‡ji Rwg`vwi ZvjyK ûKzg`Lj I cÖRv ^Z¡ AvB‡b f‚wge„w× ev cqw — m¤úwK©Z GKwU mywbw`©ó weavb mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv nq| G hverKvj welqwU 1825 mv‡ji cÖweavb Øviv wbqwš¿Z n‡q AvmwQj| 1950 mv‡ji AvB‡b G wel‡q mywbw`©ó weavbwU 87 avivi AvKv‡i ms‡hvwRZ nq| wkKw¯— Rwgi Rb¨ LvRbv n«v‡mi weavb Ges Abyiƒc Rwg‡Z cÖRvi AwaKvig~jK weavbvewj 1950 mv‡ji AvB‡bi 86 avivq mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv nq| G weavb¸‡jv 86(K) avivq mwbœ‡ewkZ weav‡bi Abyiƒc| 1972 mv‡ji 4 AvM÷ ivóªcwZi 135 bs Av‡`k Rvwi Kiv nq| Gi D‡Ïk¨ wQj Rwg wkKw —i †¶‡Î mswkó †RvZ ev Rwgi LvRbv n«vm Ges LvRbv n«v‡mi e¨e ’v Kiv| Z‡e GKB m‡½ GB weavbI hy³ Kiv nq †h, wkKw — Rwg‡Z cÖRvi gvwjKvbvi AwaKvi jyß n‡e Ges IB Rwg cybivq MwVZ n‡j Zv miKv‡i eZ©v‡e| Z‡e G‡¶‡Î e¨wZµg n‡e GB †h, Rwgi g~j ev

b`x 33

Avw` Ae¯’vb msµvš— AwaKvi hw` me©Rbxb AvBb I b¨vqwePv‡ii eywbqv‡` †NvwlZ n‡q _v‡K Ges 1825 mv‡ji BwZevPK AvB‡bi gÄywi G‡¶‡Î †_‡K _v‡K Zvn‡j †m¸‡jv evwZ‡ji Av‡M hw` Av`vjZ ev †Kv‡bv Dchy³ KZ…©c¶ KZ…©K P‚ovš— †Kv‡bv Rwgi Ici cÖRvi c~Y© `L‡ji AwaKv‡ii ¯^xK…wZ †`qv n‡q _v‡K Zvn‡j IB Rwg cÖRvi IciB eZ©v‡e| me Pi/Rwg †mwU Rwgi g~j Ae¯’v‡b cybM©wVZ n‡q _vKzK wKsev Zv bZzb f‚wg MVb †nvK, †mme Rwg LvmRwg wn‡m‡e †NvwlZ nq| 1994 mv‡j G Ae ’vbwU Avevi e`‡j hvq| 1994 mv‡ji 15 b¤^i AvBb ms‡kvabe‡j mwbœ‡ewkZ weav‡b wkKw —µ‡g f‚wg¶q N‡U _vK‡j Zvi Rb¨ LvRbv n«vm Ges 60 weNv Rwgi wmwjs‡qi k‡Z© 30 eQi †gqv‡` Rwgi g~j Ae¯’v‡b Rwg cybM©wVZ n‡j †mB Rwg‡Z cÖRvi AwaKvi envj ivLvi e¨e¯’v Kiv nq| 1994 mv‡ji 15 b¤^i AvBb ms‡kva‡bi gva¨‡g †hfv‡e wb®úwË Kiv nq †mfv‡eB Rwgi g~j Ae¯’v‡b cybM©wVZ Rwgi gvwjKvbvi AwaKvi m¤úwK©Z eZ©gvb AvBbMZ Ae ’vbI web¨ —| A_©vr Rwgi wkKw¯— NU‡j IB Rwgi gvwjKvbv cv‡e cÖRv Ges 30 eQi ci hw` g~j Ae ’v‡b f‚wg cybM©wVZ nq Zvn‡j †mB Rwg n‡e miKv‡ii m¤úwË| gvwjK kbv³ Kivi myweavi Rb¨ ivR ^ KZ…©c‡¶i KvQ †_‡K LvRbv n«vm msµvš— GKwU cÖZ¨qbc‡Îi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e| nZ`wi`ª Pievmxi AvB‡bi G welqwU m¤ú‡K© ¯^”Q aviYv †bB| b`x †f‡O hvIqvi ci Zviv Ab¨ †Kv_vI wM‡q emwZ M‡o †Zv‡j| Ab¨w`‡K †R‡M IVv P‡ii `Lj P‡j hvq g~jf‚wgi `Lj`vi‡`i nv‡Z| GB wkKw — I cqw — AvB‡bi me‡P‡q eo ye©jZv n‡”Q, Pi †R‡M IVvi ciciB †mB P‡ii †Kv‡bv Rwic Kiv nq bv| Avi Rwi‡ci c‡i †h gvbwPÎ ˆZwi nIqvi K_v †mB gvbwPÎ bv _vKvq IB P‡ii Rwg †Kv‡bv Rwgi g~j Ae¯’v‡bi cybM©wVZ iƒc bv bZzb cqw¯— ev f‚wg MVb Zv wbY©q Kiv m¤¢e nq bv| Rwic Ges cÖK…Z gvbwPÎ cÖYq‡b `xN©m~ÎZvi my‡hvM wb‡q g~jf‚wgi cÖfvekvjxiv P‡ii Rwgi gvwjK n‡q e‡m| ewÂZ nq b`x fvO‡bi wkKvi P‡ii cÖK…Z `vwe`viiv| 1994 mv‡ji ms‡kva‡bi D‡Ïk¨ wQj, Pif‚wgi cÖv_wgK `vwqZ¡ m¤úwK©Z cwiw¯’wZi Dbœqb mvab| G `vwqZ¡ †`qv n‡q‡Q Kv‡j±i‡K, whwb Pif‚wgi Rwic I Zvi g¨vc ˆZwii ci hv‡`i Rwg wkKw —‡Z c‡o‡Q Zv‡`i g~j Ae ’v‡b cybM©wVZ Rwgi eivÏ †`‡eb| G e¨e¯’vi mvdj¨ wbf©i K‡i Rwic cwiPvjbv, Pi RvMvi Ae¨ewnZ c‡iB P‡ii g¨vc ˆZwi I ivR‰bwZK Pvc m‡Ë¡I Pi `Lj wb‡Z cvivi miKvwi cÖkvm‡bi mvg‡_©¨i Ici| wKš‘ †mB D‡Ïk¨ Av‡`Š mvd‡j¨i gyL †`‡Lwb| wbw ©ó AvBb _vKv m‡Ë¡I ØxcPievmx Gi mydj †fvM Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Zviv QbœQvovi g‡Zv Ny‡i †eovq GK Pi †_‡K Av‡iK P‡i| GKevi b`x‡Z evwoNi †f‡O hvIqvi ci Zv‡`i m¤úwËi Avi †Kv‡bv Aw¯—Z¡ _v‡K bv| evwK RxebUv Zviv KvUvq c‡ii Rwg‡Z|

b`x 34

we`¨gvb wkKw¯— I cqw¯— AvB‡bi mwVK ev¯—evqb Ges GKB m‡½ Gi cÖ‡qvRbxq cwieZ©b I cwigvR©b K‡i Pif‚wgi gvwjKvbv Pievmxi g‡a¨ cÖwZwôZ Kiv †M‡j evsjv‡`‡ki Piv‡j Qwo‡q-wQwU‡q _vKv jvL jvL `vwi`ª¨cxwoZ gvby‡li ¶zav I `vwi`ª¨ A‡bKUvB Kwg‡q Avbv m¤¢e n‡e| m‡e©vcwi mviv‡`‡ki `vwi`ª¨ nv‡ii j¶Yxq cwieZ©b NU‡e Ges mnmªvã Dbœq‡bi j¶¨ c~i‡YI Zv we‡kl f‚wgKv ivL‡e| Avgiv PvB P‡ii Rwgi AwaKvi ïay PievmxiB _vKzK, g~jf‚wgi †KD †hb Zv‡Z fvM emv‡Z bv cv‡i| GRb¨ we`¨gvb AvB‡bi mwVK cÖPvi LyeB Ri“wi n‡q c‡o‡Q| wb‡Pi w`‡Ki cÖkvmb hš¿‡KI G AvB‡bi wbM~p A_© eyS‡Z n‡e| cvkvcvwk cÖkvmb‡K Revew`wnZvi g‡a¨ Avbvi Rb¨ ’vbxq ch©v‡q msMwVZ D‡`¨vM wb‡Z n‡e| Pievmx‡K msMwVZ K‡i †hme mvgvwRK cÖwZôvb, ’vbxq miKvi, ’vbxq MYgva¨g‡K GK‡hv‡M KvR K‡i Revew`wnZvi GB KvVv‡gv‡K †Rvi`vi Ki‡Z n‡e| Zv Kiv †M‡j RwgewÂZ Pievmxi ytL I eÂbv LvwbKUv n‡jI ~i Kiv m¤¢e n‡e| W. AvwZDi ingvb: A_©bxwZwe` mgKvj 20 AvM÷, 2008

b`x 35

Ôb`xi GK‚j fv‡O... gxRvbyi ingvb †kjx M½v, hgybv, eªþcyÎ Ges †gNbvwe‡aŠZ evsjv‡`k c„w_exi mwµq eØxc¸‡jvi g‡a¨ e„nËg| cÖgËv M½v-cÙv, wekvj eªþcyÎ-hgybv Ges Li‡mªvZv †gNbvi AeevwnKvq Aew¯’Z G RbvKxY© f‚LÊ AviI A‡bK kvLv b`-b`x I Dcb`xi jxjvf‚wg| cÖwZ eQi Gme b`-b`x MMbPz¤^x wngvjq ce©Zgvjv †_‡K e‡q Av‡b 200 †KvwU U‡biI †ewk evwj, Kv`v I cwjgvwU| e ‘Z evsjv‡`‡ki GK wekvj Ask G b`xevwnZ Dcv`v‡biB Ae`vb| Gi GK wecyj Ask Rgv nq e‡½vcmvM‡ii AMfxi gnx‡mvcvb I gnxXv‡j| †mLv‡b AMfxi mgy`ªZ‡j mwÂZ n‡q G evwj I cwj gvwU M‡o Zzj‡Q cÖvq evsjv‡`‡ki mgvb Avi GK f‚LÊ| `w¶Y DcK‚jxq A‡ji jv‡Mvqv e‡½vcmvM‡ii gnx‡mvcv‡bi MfxiZv Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Kg, gvÎ 20-30 wgUvi| G AMfxi mvMiZj nvwZqv Øx‡ci `w¶‡Y cÖvq 120 wK‡jvwgUvi ch©š— we —…Z| we‡klÁ cÖ‡KŠkjxiv g‡b K‡ib, mvMi †_‡K f‚wg D×v‡ii Kjv‡KŠkj Aej¤^b K‡i evsjv‡`‡ki `w¶‡Y Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ bqv f‚wg m„wó Kiv m¤¢e| Gi d‡j fwel¨‡Z nq‡Zv G D×viK…Z Rwg evsjv‡`‡ki cwimi‡K wظY Ki‡e| †m †Zv fwel¨‡Zi K_v| eZ©gv‡bI b`x evsjv‡`‡ki Rxeb| b`b`xi cvwb †`‡ki K…wl‡Z cÖvY †RvMvq, cwjgvwU m„wó K‡i De©iv dm‡ji Rwg| b`b`xi †Kv‡j †e‡o I‡V wecyj I wewPÎ gv‡Qi m¤¢vi hv evsjv‡`kx evOvwji Avwg‡li GK weivU As‡ki †hvMvb †`q| AvengvbKvj †_‡K b`x G‡`‡ki †hvMv‡hvM e¨e ’vi wkiv-Dcwkiv wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i Avm‡Q| Rb‡Mvôxi hvZvqvZ Ges cY¨ cwien‡b AZx‡Z b`xc_B wQj cÖavb Ges GLbI G‡¶‡Î Zvi f‚wgKv D‡j−L‡hvM¨| b`x‡K wN‡i M‡o D‡V‡Q kvk¦Z evsjvi K…wó I ms¯‹…wZ, iƒcK_v, DcK_v I †jvKMxwZ| ZvB MxwZKv‡ii †jLbx‡Z ev•gq n‡q I‡V G‡`‡ki b`x I bvixi †gvwnbx cÖK…wZÑ ÔGLv‡b igYx¸‡jv b`xi gZb, b`xI bvixi g‡Zv K_v Kq|Õ b`xgvZ…K G †`‡k b`x cvivcv‡ii Dcgv Ava¨vZ¥ `k©‡bi DcRxe¨| ZvB Pvi‡Yiv Mvq, ÔAvwg Acvi n‡q e‡m AvwQ I‡n `qvgq cv‡o j‡q hvI AvgvqÕ| A_ev ÔN‡ii hviv wQj Zviv KLb †M‡Q Nicv‡b cv‡oi hviv wQj †M‡Q cv‡o N‡iiI b‡n cv‡oiI b‡n, †hRb Av‡Q gvSLv‡b †mB e‡m‡Q Nv‡Ui wKbvivq|Õ

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b`x 39

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b`x 40

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b`x 41

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b`x 42

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b`x 43

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b`x 44

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b`x 45

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b`x 46

we‡klÁI Gi m‡½ GKgZ| cvwb Dbœqb †ev‡W©i mvi‡dm IqvUvi nvB‡WªvjwR mv‡K©‡ji wbe©vnx cÖ‡KŠkjx †gvt kIKZ Avjx MZ 8 gvP© wewWwbDR Uz‡qw›U‡dvi WUKg‡K e‡j‡Qb, ÔDRv‡bi b`x¸‡jvi cvwbi cÖevn evov‡Z n‡e| Lbb ev cybL©bb K‡i cÖevn e„w× Kiv hvq| G‡¶‡Î †QvU †QvU b`x‡K AMÖvwaKvi w`‡Z n‡e| eo b`x¸‡jvi Lbb G gyn~‡Z© m¤¢e bq|Õ b`x Lb‡bi K_v DV‡jB Avgv‡`i bxwZwba©viKiv G‡K e¨qeûj AvL¨v w`‡q cÖm½wU Gwo‡q hvb| A_P GUv bv Kivq LbbRwbZ Li‡Pi †P‡q KZ †ewk †jvKmvb ev ¶wZ n‡”Q †m wnmve LwZ‡q †`Lvi †PóvI Zviv K‡ibwb| †emiKvwi ms¯’v wmGbAviG‡mi GK mgx¶vq ejv nq, 1999 †_‡K 2004 A_©eQi ch©š— 5 eQ‡i ïay mybvgM‡Äi nvIiv‡j AvMvg eb¨vq †ev‡iv dm‡ji ¶wZ n‡q‡Q 587 †KvwU 12 jvL 18 nvRvi UvKvi| Ab¨vb¨ m~‡Îi wnmv‡e Aek¨ ¶wZi cwigvY A‡bK †ewk| 2004 mv‡ji †g gv‡m A¨vKkb GBW evsjv‡`‡ki mnvqZvq XvKvq RvZxq †cÖm K¬v‡e Av‡qvwRZ GK msev` m‡¤§j‡b ÔnvIievmx i¶vq bvMwiK D‡`¨vMÕ-Gi c¶ †_‡K `vwe Kiv nq, IB eQi GwcÖ‡j cvnvwo X‡j euva †f‡O mybvgM‡Ä †ev‡iv dm‡ji ¶wZ n‡q‡Q 450 †KvwU UvKvi| cÖ_g Av‡jvi GK cÖwZ‡e`‡b ejv nq, 2000 mv‡ji GwcÖ‡ji eb¨vq IB †Rjvq dmjWzwe‡Z †emiKvwi wnmv‡e 200 †KvwU UvKv ¶wZ n‡qwQj| Aek¨ miKvwi wnmv‡e ¶wZi cwigvY wba©viY Kiv n‡qwQj 70 †KvwU UvKv| cvnvwo X‡j cÖvq eQiB †ev‡iv dm‡ji GKB iKg ¶wZ n‡q _v‡K wK‡kviMÄ, †b·Kvbv, wm‡jU, nweMÄ, †gŠjfxevRvi I eªvþYevwoqv †Rjvi nvIiv‡jI| Kv‡RB ¶wZi cwigvY †h eQ‡i K‡qKkÕ †KvwU UvKvi Kg bq Zv ejvB evûj¨| ˆekv‡L AvMvg eb¨vq nvI‡ii dmj Zwj‡q †M‡jI dvêyb-ˆPÎ gv‡m †mLv‡b †mP †`qvi g‡Zv cvwb _v‡K bv b`-b`x‡Z| A_P K‡qK `kK Av‡MI IB A‡ji †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv b`x w`‡q mviveQi eo eo jÂ, Kv‡M©v, w÷gvi PjvPj KiZ| Avi ZLb nvIi i¶vq †Kv‡bv †ewoeuvaI wQj bv| nvI‡ii cvwb wb®‹vk‡bi Lvj¸‡jv‡Z ïay cvwb Avmvi Av‡M euva †`qv n‡Zv| †mUvI w`‡Zb GjvKvi K…lKiv wbR D‡`¨v‡MB| Zv‡ZB i¶v †cZ nvI‡ii dmj| MZ 1 †g P¨v‡bj AvBÕ‡q cÖPvwiZ Ônƒ`‡q gvwU I gvbylÕ Abyôv‡b †b·Kvbvi †gvnbMÄ I LvwjqvRywi Dc‡Rjvi †ek K‡qKRb K…lK IB GjvKvq †Kvb †Kvb b`x I Lv‡j dvêyb-ˆPÎ gv‡m cvwb _v‡K bv e‡j Kx cwigvY Rwg Abvevw` †_‡K hvq †m wPÎ Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| hw`I †mP mgm¨v mgvav‡bi cvkvcvwk AvMvg eb¨vi nvZ †_‡K nvI‡ii dmj i¶vi Rb¨ IBme b`x Lb‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi K_v †KD e‡j‡Qb wKbv Zv Abyôv‡bi m¤úÖPvi Kiv Ask †_‡K Rvbv hvqwb| m¤úÖwZ K‡qKwU GbwRIi D‡`¨v‡M ivRavbx‡Z AbywôZ n‡q‡Q ÔRvZxq nvIi m‡¤§jbÕ| IB m‡¤§j‡bi mycvwi‡k nvIiv‡ji cvwb e¨e¯’vcbvi Ici ¸i“Z¡

b`x 47

†`qv n‡q‡Q| †`‡ki e„nr b`x¸‡jvi bve¨Zv i¶v †h cwigvY e¨qeûj, nvIi GjvKvi †ejvq ZZUv bq| ˆekv‡L cvnvwo X‡ji PvcUv g~jZ _v‡K myigv, Kzwkqviv, gby, Ksm, aby I †mv‡gk¦ix b`x‡Z| †ewkifvM nvIi Zwj‡q hvq cÖavbZ myigv, aby I Ksm w`‡q †b‡g Avmv cvwbi Pv‡c| beŸB‡qi `k‡K GKevi Ks‡mi †gvnbvi w`‡K K‡qK wK‡jvwgUvi †WªwRs Kiv Qvov G ch©š— IB A‡ji Ab¨ †Kv‡bv b`x Lb‡bi D‡`¨vM †bIqv nqwb| A_P `iKvi Gme b`xi Drm †_‡K Lbb Kiv| †gvnbvi w`‡K ïay †hme c‡q‡›U †ewk cwj R‡g †m RvqMv¸‡jv‡Z Lbb Ki‡jB P‡j| †hme GbwRI nvIiv‡ji mgm¨v wb‡q KvR Ki‡Q Zviv G wel‡q GKwU ÷vwW K‡i miKv‡ii Kv‡Q Zz‡j ai‡Z cv‡i †h, IBme b`x Lb‡b Kx cwigvY A_© `iKvi Avi G Lb‡bi d‡j jv‡fi cwigvYUv KZLvwb| Gfv‡e wnmve K‡i †`Lv‡Z cvi‡j G Kv‡R A‡_©i Afve n‡e e‡j g‡b nq bv| nvIiv‡ji cÖavb b`x¸‡jv Lb‡bi Rb¨ RvZxq ev‡R‡U eivÏ ivLv cÖ‡qvRb| Avi G wel‡q m‡PZbZv m„wó n‡j Ges `„wófw½i cwieZ©b NU‡j †QvU b`x-bvjv I Lvj-wej ’vbxq D‡`¨v‡M Lbb Kiv m¤¢e n‡e| G Kv‡RI f‚wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i †emiKvwi ms ’v¸‡jv| AvRv`yi ingvb P›`b: mvsevw`K mgKvj 11 †g, 2008

b`x 48

KY©dzjx b`x‡Z gvÎvwZwi³ `~lY : Pvi cÖwZôvb `vqx cÖYe ej PÆMÖv‡gi KY©dzjx b`x‡Z `~l‡Yi Rb¨ PÆMÖvg wmwU Ki‡cv‡ikb, PÆMÖvg Iqvmv, PÆMÖvg BDwiqv mvi KviLvbv (wmBDGdGj) I KY©dzjx †ccvi wgj (†KwcGg)Ñ G Pvi ^vqËkvwmZ I miKvwi cÖwZôvb g~jZ `vqx e‡j GKvwaK M‡elYv cÖwZ‡e`‡b ejv n‡q‡Q| G cÖwZôvb¸‡jv cÖwZwbqZ eR©©¨ AcmviY Ki‡jI G‡`i †Kv‡bv eR© †kvabvMvi †bB| bvbv Kvi‡Y G Pvi cÖwZôv‡bi wei“‡× †Kv‡bv e¨e¯’v wb‡Z cvi‡Q bv cwi‡ek Awa`dZi| d‡j b`x`~lY eÜ Kiv hv‡”Q bv| wmwU K‡c©v‡ik‡bi †gqi ~l‡Yi K_v ^xKviI K‡i wb‡q‡Qb| cwi‡ek Awa`dZi, PÆMÖv‡gi AvÂwjK cwiPvjK †gvt bvRgyj nK G cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi cwi‡ek `~l‡Yi K_v ^xKvi K‡i cÖ_g Av‡jv‡K e‡jb, ÔAvgiv G‡`i wewfbœ mg‡q †bvwUm w`‡qwQ| wKš‘ ¯^vqËkvwmZ I miKvwi cÖwZôvb nIqvq Ges c`‡¶c †bqvi cÖ‡kœ bvbv RwUjZvi Kvi‡Y G¸‡jvi ~lY eÜ Kiv hv‡”Q bv|Õ wZwb e‡jb, ÔwmwU Ki‡cv‡ikb Ges †KwcGg KY©dzjx‡K me‡P‡q †ewk `~lY Ki‡Q| Avgiv Zv‡`i Kvh©µg eÜ K‡i w`‡jI Avš—tgš¿Yvjq †hvMv‡hv‡Mi ga¨ w`‡q wb‡lavÁv D‡V hvq| d‡j evievi †bvwUk cÖ v‡bi gva¨‡g BwUwe c −v›U (eR© cwi‡kvabvMvi) Kivi civgk© w`B †Kej Zv‡`i| wKš‘ Zv‡Z †Kv‡bv jvf nq bv|Õ Rvbv hvq, PÆMÖvg K‡j‡Ri imvqb wefv‡Mi mnKvix Aa¨vcK †gvt Bw ªm Avjxi ZË¡veav‡b IB wefv‡Mi K‡qKRb QvÎ MZ gv‡m KY©dzjx b`x`~l‡Yi Ici †h M‡elYvKg© Pvjvb, Zv‡Z IB Pvi miKvwi cÖwZôvb‡K `vqx Kiv nq| PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cÖvwYwe`¨v wefv‡Mi Aa¨vcK W. Ave`yj gv‡jK f‚uBqvI Avjv`v M‡elYv Pvwj‡q wmwU Ki‡cv‡ikbmn wewfbœ miKvwi-†emiKvwi I ¯^vqËkvwmZ cÖwZôvb‡K KY©dzjxi `~l‡Yi Rb¨ `vqx e‡j wPwýZ K‡ib| wmwU Ki‡cv‡ik‡bi e‡R© ~lY PÆMÖvg K‡j‡Ri imvqb wefv‡Mi mgx¶vq †`Lv †M‡Q, kn‡ii evmvevwo †_‡K cÖwZw`b M‡o 760 †_‡K 800 Ub eR©¨ ˆZwi nq| G e‡R©¨i 25 kZvsk hvq KY©dzjx b`x‡Z| wmwU Ki‡cv‡ikb M„n ’vwji eR© †_‡K R¡vjvwb KvV ˆZwii GKwU cÖKí wZb eQi Av‡M Pvjy Ki‡jI eZ©gv‡b Zv eÜ i‡q‡Q| G Kvi‡Y eR© bvjv-b ©gv n‡q wgk‡Q b`x‡Z| Iqvmvi `~lY M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q, bMix‡Z 50 nvRvi m¨vwbUvwi Ges 30 nvRvi †Lvjv cvqLvbv i‡q‡Q| Iqvmvi c‡qvwb®‹vkb-e¨e ’v bv _vKvi Kvi‡Y Gme Zij eR©

b`x 49

bvjvi gva¨‡g wM‡q wgk‡Q b`x‡Z| GQvov b`xi `yB cv‡o Kgc‡¶ mv‡o 700 †Lvjv cvqLvbv i‡q‡Q| †KwcG‡gi `~lY 1949 mv‡j cÖwZôvi ci †_‡K KY©dzjx †ccvi wgj (†KwcGg) ~lYgy³ e¨e ’v QvovB ivmvqwbK eR© I M¨vm wbM©Z K‡i Avm‡Q| b`xi cÖvq 10 wK‡jvwgUvi GjvKvi (†KwcGg †_‡K `w¶‡Y †eZvMx ch©š—) cvwb `~wlZ n‡q gwe‡ji g‡Zv Kv‡jv is aviY K‡i‡Q| G cvwb e¨envi Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡”Q G GjvKvi †jvKRb| †h w`KUv `~wlZ n‡q‡Q, †mLv‡b gvQ cvIqv hvq bv e‡j ¯’vbxq †R‡jiv Rvbvq| cwi‡ek Awa`ßi GLvbKvi cvwb cix¶v-wbix¶v K‡i fqven ~l‡Yi wPÎ †c‡q‡Q AZx‡Z| Zviv †KwcGg‡K †ek K‡qKevi †bvwUmI K‡i‡Q| wKš‘ miKvwi cÖwZôvb weavq Gi †ewk wKQy Ki‡Z cv‡iwb Awa`dZi| wmBDGdGj wmBDGdGj mvi KviLvbv †_‡K A¨v‡gvwbqv, Kve©b g‡bv·vBW, bvB‡Uª‡Ui g‡Zv wewfbœ ivmvqwbK eR© †ei nq e‡j we‡klÁ‡`i gZ| cÖwZw`b Kgc‡¶ 200 U‡bi g‡Zv eR©¨ c‡o e‡j Rvbvb Aa¨vcK Bw`ªm Avjx| GKBfv‡e wUGmwc mvi KviLvbvI `~l‡Yi m‡½ RwoZ| Z‡e Gme KviLvbv †gvnbvi w`‡K nIqvi Kvi‡Y G‡`i ~l‡Yi gvÎvUv mn‡R †Pv‡L c‡o bv| Gme cÖwZôvb QvovI †gvnbv †_‡K KvßvB euva ch©š— mv‡o 88 wK‡jvwgUvi ˆ`‡N©¨i KY©dzjxi `yB Zx‡i cÖvq 700wU †QvU-eo wkí cÖwZôvb i‡q‡Q e‡j wewfbœ M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ Aš—Z 150wU eo AvKv‡ii wkí cÖwZôvb| Gm‡ei †ewki fvMB cÖZ¨¶ I c‡iv¶fv‡e `~l‡Yi m‡½ RwoZ| ~l‡Yi gvÎv

m¤úÖwZ KY©dzjx b`xi wewfbœ ¯’v‡bi cvwb cix¶vq `~l‡Yi fqvenZv cvIqv †M‡Q| †KwcGg KviLvbv GjvKvq KY©dzjxi cvwb‡Z wcGB‡Pi cwigvY 4.1 (Av`k© cvwbi wcGBP 7 `kwgK 5)| A_©vr GLvbKvi cvwb GwmwWK| G Qvov GLv‡b `ªexf‚Z Aw·‡R‡bi cwigvY cÖwZ wjUv‡i `kwgK 1 wgwjMÖvg| GUv RjR cÖvYxi †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ Av`k© bq e‡j we‡klÁ‡`i AwfgZ| GKBfv‡e g~j KY©dzjxi wewfbœ ¯’v‡b `~l‡Yi gvÎvI fqven| Z‡e Gw`‡K `ªexf‚Z Aw·‡R‡bi cwigvY †KwcGg GjvKvi †P‡q †ewk n‡jI Av‡ — Av‡ — evo‡Q cvwb‡Z †gvU KwVb c`v‡_©i (wUGm) cwigvY| wdkvwiNvU GjvKvq m¤úÖwZ cix¶vq †`Lv †M‡Q, wUGm `kwgK k~b¨ 39 MÖvg Ges weIwW (`ªexf‚Z Aw·‡Rb) 1 wgwjMÖvg

b`x 50

cvi wjUvi| GKBfv‡e Pv³vB Lv‡ji gy‡L wUG‡mi cwigvY `kwgK k~b¨ 29 MÖvg Ges weIwW 1 wgwjMÖvg| G cÖm‡½ KY©dzjx ~lY wb‡q KvR Kiv PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cÖvwYwe`¨v wefv‡Mi Aa¨vcK W. Ave yj gv‡jK f‚uBqv cÖ_g Av‡jv‡K e‡jb, Ôcvwb‡Z weIwW k~b¨ _vKvi K_v| wcGBP I `ªexf‚Z Aw·‡Rb wbw ©ó cwigv‡Yi Gw`K-†mw`K n‡j Zv gv‡Qi cÖRbb I Rxebavi‡Yi Rb¨ ¶wZKi| Gme Kvi‡Y b`xi gvQ K‡g hv‡”Q|Õ †KwcG‡gi †R¨ô imvqbwe` Avn‡g yi ingvb †KwcG‡gi gva¨‡g b`x ~l‡Yi K_v ¯^xKvi K‡i e‡jb, Ôhw` wUªU‡g›U c−v›U Kiv nq Zvn‡j cwi‡ek`~lY †iv‡ai cvkvcvwk wKQy †KwgK¨vj bZzb K‡i e¨env‡ii Dc‡hvMx Kiv †hZ| wKš‘ `xN©w`‡bI c−v›U nqwb| G‡Z K‡i b`xi ~lY w`b w`b evo‡Q|Õ GQvov m¤úÖwZ †KwcG‡gi 180 Ub wmGmUz avivevwnKfv‡e †cvov‡bvi Kvi‡Y b`x I cwi‡ek bZzb K‡i `~l‡Yi wkKvi n‡”Q e‡j bvg cÖKv‡k Awb”QzK GK Kg©KZ©v Rvbvb| wmwU Ki‡cv‡ik‡bi `~lY m¤ú‡K© fvicÖvß †gqi Gg gbRyi Avjg cÖ_g Av‡jv‡K e‡jb, ÔAvgv‡`i Kgx©iv mva¨g‡Zv gqjv-AveR©bv msMÖn K‡i wbw ©ó ¯’v‡b wb‡q †dj‡Q| wKQy gqjv bvjv-b`©gvi gva¨‡g b`x‡Z wM‡q co‡Q| wKš‘ Avgv‡`i †Zv †m iKg †Kv‡bv cÖhyw³ wKsev c‡qvwb®‹vkb-e¨e ’v †bB, hvi gva¨‡g G ~lY †iva Kiv hv‡e|Õ Z‡e wmBDGdG‡ji gnve¨e ’vcK (†UKwbK¨vj) ~l‡Yi welqwU A ^xKvi K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡jb, ÔAvgiv eR© ¸‡jv †kvab K‡i Zvici mvM‡i QvowQ| G‡Z `~lY n‡”Q e‡j Avgiv g‡b Kwi bv|Õ cÖYe ej: mvsevw`K cÖ_g Av‡jv 05 Rvbyqvwi, 2008

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kxZj¶¨vi cvwb †kva‡bi A‡hvM¨! Aiƒc `Ë XvKvi kxZj¶¨v b`xi cvwb cwi‡kva‡bi A‡hvM¨ n‡q c‡o‡Q| wKš‘ mv‡q`vev` cvwb †kvabvMv‡i G b`xi cvwb e¨envi Kiv n‡”Q Ges cwi‡kvwaZ cvwb mieivn Kiv n‡”Q ivRavbxi we —xY© GjvKvq| mv‡q`vev` †kvabvMvi †_‡K Iqvmvi mieivn Kiv G cvwb `yM©Ühy³ Ges e¨env‡ii Abyc‡hvMx e‡j ivRavbxi wewfbœ GjvKvi †jvKRb Awf‡hvM K‡i‡Qb| Z‡e Iqvmv G‡K cvwb †kva‡b e¨enƒZ ivmvqwb‡Ki MÜ e‡j `vwe Ki‡Q| Iqvmvi e¨e¯’vcbv cwiPvjK ivqnvbyj Av‡e`xb cÖ_g Av‡jv‡K e‡jb, kxZj¶¨v b`xi Kv‡jv cvwb †kvab Kiv Kómva¨ n‡q †M‡Q| RxevYygy³ Kivi Rb¨ †K¬vwib I A¨vjywgwbqvg mvj‡dU †`qv n‡”Q| cvwb †ewk Kv‡jv e‡j †ewk ivmvqwbK `ªe¨ †`qv n‡”Q| d‡j cvwb‡Z MÜ Avm‡Q| Aek¨ †kvabvMv‡ii wØZxq cÖK‡í (†m‡KÛ †dR) cÖvK-cwi‡kvabe¨e¯’v _vK‡e e‡j wZwb Rvbvb| †Wbgv‡K©i mvnvh¨ ms¯’v WvwbWvi A_©vq‡b wØZxq cÖK‡íi KvR ïi“ n‡e| Pvjy nIqvi Qq eQi ci wek¦e¨vsKmn we‡`kx F‡Y cÖvq 646 †KvwU UvKvq wbwg©Z mv‡q`vev` cvwb †kvabvMviwU 2002 mv‡ji Ry‡b Pvjy Kiv nq| G †kvabvMvi †_‡K ˆ`wbK mv‡o 22 †KvwU wjUvi cvwb mieivn Kiv nq| ivRavbxi evmv‡ev, †Mvovb, gyM`v, †MvjvcevMmn c~e©vÂjxq GjvKv, cyi‡bv XvKvi bvwi›`v, Iqvixmn wKQy GjvKv, hvÎvevox, `qvMÄ, gMevRvi, evsjv‡gvUi, nvwZicyj, †ZRMuvI cÖf…wZ GjvKvq G cvwb mieivn Kiv nq| G cvwbi m‡½ GKB cvBcjvB‡b Mfxi bjK‚c¸‡jvi cvwb mieivn Kiv nq| d‡j Mfxi bjK‚‡ci cvwbI ~wlZ n‡q hvq| mswk−ó m~‡Î Rvbv †M‡Q, mv‡q`vev` †kvabvMv‡ii cvwb D‡Ëvjb‡¶Î ev ÔBb‡UK c‡q›UÕ GjvKv †Wgivi mvi“wjqvq kxZj¶¨vi cvwb e¨vcKfv‡e `~wlZ n‡q c‡o‡Q| †mLv‡b cvwb Uvbv cv¤ú¸‡jvi gy‡L Kv‡jv cvwbi g‡a¨ `~wlZ †dbv R‡g Av‡Q| Avkcv‡ki cy‡iv GjvKvq yM©‡Ü PjvPj KivI cÖvq Am¤¢e| cvwb Dbœqb †evW©I (cvD‡ev) kxZj¶¨v b`x wb‡q wPwš—Z| mvi“wjqvq mv‡q`vev` cvwb †kvabvMv‡ii D‡Ëvjb‡¶‡Î cvwb`~l‡Yi Kvi‡Y cwi‡ekMZ mgm¨v n‡”Q e‡j Rvbvb cvD‡evi GKRb EaŸ©Zb Kg©KZ©v| †mLv‡b cvD‡evi PviwU †mPcv¤ú i‡q‡Q, †m¸‡jv‡K Nb Nb Ifvi‡nvwjs ev c~Y©v½ †givg‡Zi KvR Ki‡Z n‡”Q| wewfbœ GjvKvq gvby‡li †fvMvwš—

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bMixi A‡bK ¯’v‡bB cvwb‡Z `yM©Ü| Afq `vm †j‡bi cÖwZwU evwo‡Z Iqvmvi cvwb‡Z yM©Ü| GjvKvi evwm›`v AvR‡gix †eMg Rvbvb, Iqvmvi jvB‡b yM©Ühy³ cvwb Avm‡Q| Avi LvIqvi Rb¨ wKb‡Z cvi‡jI †Mvm‡ji Rb¨

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†ZRMuvI †_‡K bvivqYMÄ ch©š— wekvj GjvKvq wkí cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi eR© Acwi‡kvwaZ Ae¯’vq b`x‡Z co‡Q| d‡j cvwb AviI `~wlZ n‡”Q| IB mgx¶vq mv‡q`vev` cvwb †kvabvMv‡ii cvwb D‡Ëvjb‡¶ÎwU Ab¨Î mwi‡q †bqvi mycvwik Kiv nq| GRb¨ mvi“wjqv †_‡K Pvi wK‡jvwgUvi `~‡i gvwSbv A_ev iƒcMÄ †dwiNvU GjvKvq wb‡q hvIqvi cÖ¯—ve Kiv nq| Z‡e G wel‡q †Kv‡bv KvR nqwb| wewkó cvwb we‡klÁ W. AvBbyb wbkvZ kxZj¶¨vi cvwb`~lY cÖm‡½ e‡jb, cÖavbZ wkíe‡R©¨i Rb¨ cvwb `~wlZ n‡”Q| wkí cÖwZôvb¸‡jv 1995 mv‡j cÖYxZ ÔcÖK…wZ msi¶Y AvBbÕ †g‡b Pj‡j AvR b`xi G Ae ’v n‡Zv bv| wkí gš¿Yvj‡qi wb‡`©k eZ©gvb ZË¡veavqK miKvi `vwqZ¡ †bqvi ciciB wkí gš¿Yvjq †_‡K ivRavbxi wkí cÖwZôvb¸‡jv‡K AvbyôvwbKfv‡e wPwV w`‡q eR©¨ cwi‡kvab c−v›U (BwUwc) emv‡bvi wb‡`©k †`qv nq| †mLv‡b ejv nq, ÔG eQ‡ii (2007) A‡±ve‡ii g‡a¨ BwUwc ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|Õ GQvov bZzb wkí cÖwZôvb ¯’vc‡bi AbygwZc‡Î kZ© †`qv nq, BwUwc ’vcb Qvov cÖwZôvb ’vcb Kiv hv‡e bv| wKš‘ †ewki fvM cÖwZôvb G kZ© ev wb‡`©k gvb‡Q bv| G cÖm‡½ Iqvmvi e¨e¯’vcbv cwiPvjK e‡jb, wkí cÖwZôvb¸‡jv‡Z eR©¨ cwi‡kvabe¨e¯’v bv _vKvi Kvi‡YI b`xi cvwb ~wlZ n‡”Q| GQvov bMixi wKQy GjvKvq cvwbi A‰ea ms‡hvM †bqvi d‡j cvBc †d‡U c‡qvbvjvi m‡½ wg‡k cvwb‡K `~wlZ Ki‡Q e‡j wZwb Rvbvb| cwi‡ek Awa`dZ‡ii Rwic 2005 mv‡j cwi‡ek Awa`dZ‡ii GKwU Rwi‡c †ZRMuvImn wewfbœ GjvKv †_‡K kxZj¶¨vq hvIqv eR©¨ m¤ú‡K© cÖwZ‡e`b cÖKvk Kiv nq| †mLv‡b 350wU wkí cÖwZôv‡bi bvg D‡j−L K‡i ejv nq, AvU ai‡bi wkí cÖwZôvb †_‡K b`x ~wlZ n‡”Q, †hgbÑ ivmvqwbK, KvMRKj, Lv`¨ cÖwµqvRvZKiY KviLvbv, Wvwqs KviLvbv BZ¨vw`| IB cÖwZ‡e`‡bI Gme wkí cÖwZôv‡b BwUwc emv‡bvi Avek¨KZv Zz‡j aiv nq| Aiƒc `Ë: mvsevw`K cÖ_g Av‡jv 26 †deª“qvwi, 2008

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hgybvi cvwb G‡b eywoM½v euvPv‡bvi cwiKíbv! Ai“Y Kg©Kvi †`‡ki ¸i“Z¡c~Y© I HwZn¨evnx eywoM½v-kxZj¶¨vmn XvKvi Pvicv‡ki b`x`~lY †iv‡a miKvi GK Am¤¢e cwiKíbv Ki‡Q| Gme b`xi cÖevn ¯^vfvweK Ki‡Z hgybv †_‡K cvwb Avbvi IB cwiKíbv ev —evq‡bi gva¨‡g XvKvi Pvicv‡ki b`x ~lY †iva Ges ivRavbx I Gi Avkcvk GjvKvi cvwb mgm¨vi mgvavb Kiv m¤¢e e‡j miKvi g‡b Ki‡Q| A_P m‡iRwgb Ny‡i †`Lv †M‡Q, hgybv †_‡K †h KwU b`x I Lvj Lbb K‡i eywoM½vi cÖevn evov‡bvi cwiKíbv miKvi K‡i‡Q, Zvi ev —evqb A‡bK mgqmv‡c¶ Ges AZ¨š— e¨qeûj| ZvQvov G cwiKíbv ev¯—evwqZ n‡jB †h eywoM½vi cÖevn evo‡e, `~lY Kg‡e, ZviI †Kv‡bv wbðqZv we‡klÁiv w`‡Z cvi‡Qb bv| †`‡ki bMi-gnvbMi¸‡jv‡Z weï× cvwb mieivn wbwðZ Kiv ¯’vbxq miKvi gš¿Yvj‡qi `vwq‡Z¡i g‡a¨ c‡o| G gš¿Yvj‡qi Dc‡`óv Av‡bvqvi“j BKevj MZ 4 gvP© IqvUmb G·‡cv 2008-Gi D‡Øvab †k‡l mvsevw`K‡`i e‡jb, hgybv †_‡K cvwb Avb‡Z cvi‡j ivRavbxevmxi cvwb mgm¨vi mgvavb n‡e| GKB m‡½ XvKvi Pvicv‡ki b`x¸‡jv‡Z cvwbi D”PZv I bve¨Zv evo‡e| wKš‘ cvwb we‡klÁ I cÖ‡KŠkjxiv miKv‡ii G cwiKíbv‡K Am¤¢e e‡j gš—e¨ K‡i‡Qb| Zv‡`i g‡Z, b`x¸‡jv cÖwZwbqZ †hme Kvi‡Y `~wlZ n‡”Q, Zv eÜ Kiv bv †M‡j cvwbcÖevn evwo‡q jvf n‡e bv, eis cÖevn evo‡j ~lYI Qwo‡q co‡e| ZvQvov hgybv †_‡K cvwb G‡b XvKvi Pvicv‡ki b`xi cÖevn evov‡bv, we‡kl K‡i ïK‡bv †gŠmy‡g KZUv m¤¢e ZvI cÖkœmv‡c¶| mv‡o wZb eQi Av‡Mi cÖKí hgybv †_‡K cvwb G‡b eywoM½vi `~lY Kgv‡bv I cÖevn evov‡bvi G cÖKíwU †bqv nq 2004-05 A_©eQ‡i| GiI Av‡M d¬vW A¨vKkb c −vb (d¨vc)-20 Gi Aax‡b G msµvš— GKwU M‡elYv Kiv nq| Avi cÖKí MÖn‡Yi Av‡M Bbw÷wUDU Ae IqvUvi g‡Wwjs (AvBWwe−DGg) G wel‡q GKwU Rwic K‡i cÖwZ‡e`b †`q| Gi wfwˇZ cÖYxZ cÖKíwU m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z PvB‡j Gi †bZ…Z¡ vbKvix ms ’v cvwb Dbœqb †ev‡W©i gnvcwiPvjK †nvmvBb knx` †gvRvÏv` dvi“K cÖ_g Av‡jv‡K e‡jb, GwU GLbI cwiKíbvi ch©v‡qB i‡q‡Q| 180 wK‡jvwgUvi Lvj hgybvi m‡½ eywoM½vi m¤úK© cÖvK…wZK I cÖvPxb| eywoM½vq cvwbcÖev‡ni Drm wQj hgybv| wKš‘ mg‡qi Ave‡Z© m„ó cÖvK…wZK cwieZ©b I gvby‡li m„ó evavwecwˇZ G m¤úK© wQbœ n‡q hvq| d‡j cwðg cÖvš— †_‡K cÖevn eÜ nIqvq

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eywoM½v µgvš^‡q e× n‡q c‡o| c~e© cÖvš— †_‡K †gNbv-a‡jk¦ixi GKgyLx †mÖvZaviv eywoM½v‡K Avi mRxe ivL‡Z cv‡iwb| miKvwi m~θ‡jv Rvbvq, hgybvi m‡½ cyi‡bv cÖvK…wZK m¤úK© †Rvov jvwM‡q eywoM½v‡K D¾xweZ KivB cÖKíwUi j¶¨| cÖK‡íi bvgI n‡”Q ÔAM‡g‡›Ukb Ae eywoM½v †d¬v evB †i‡÷vwis wmj‡UW Avc wjsKm Ae hgybvÕ| A_©vr Pi c‡o hgybvi m‡½ eÜ n‡q hvIqv ms‡hvM Dš§y³ K‡i eywoM½vi cÖevn e„w×| G m¤úK© †Rvov jvMv‡Z cÖK‡í 180 wK‡jvwgUvi b`x-Lvj Lb‡bi cÖ¯—ve Kiv n‡q‡Q| AvBWwe −DG‡gi Rwic cÖwZ‡e`‡bi mycvwik Abyhvqx G Lbb ïi“ n‡e hgybv †mZzi cÖvq yB wK‡jvwgUvi fvwU‡Z bZzb a‡jk¦ixgyL †_‡K| hgybv †mZz wbg©v‡Yi mgq b`x kvm‡bi Ask wn‡m‡e g~j a‡jk¦ixi gyL eÜ K‡i †`qv n‡j b`xwU K‡qK eQ‡ii g‡a¨ g‡i hvq| wKš‘ Uv½vB‡ji KvwjnvZx Dc‡Rjvi yM©vcyi BDwbq‡bi Avjxcyi I Mwijvevox MÖvg ywUi gvSLvb w`‡q hgybv Avevi

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b`x 57

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b`x 58

b`x‡Kw›`ÖK K_vwkí gvngy kvgmyj nK b`xi iƒc I iƒcvš—i wb‡q mvwnZ¨ nqwb, Ggb †Kv‡bv fvlv †bB| GgbwK wjwcnxb fvlv‡ZI b`x wb‡q iwPZ n‡q‡Q we¯—i DcvL¨vb| mvwn‡Z¨i me kvLvq Kg‡ewk G‡mwQ b`x cÖm½| engvb Rjaviv ewY©Z n‡q‡Q K_v-KweZvq, is-†iLvq GgbwK bv‡Pi gy ªvq| b`xe›`bv †Zv cÖvPxb welq| †Xi b`x-e ‘Z gvby‡li mg¯— weï× Kíbvq b`x ev b`xwe‡kl‡li cÖm½ mM‡e© Dcw¯’Z| A‡jŠwKK-†jŠwKK †nb †Kv‡bv ¯^M©‡jvK †bB, hv Kj¯^iv b`x w`‡q mvRv‡bv nqwb| biK-Kíbvq †Kv‡bv b`x †bB| b`x Rxe‡bv`¨‡gi AweKí DcKiY ev Drm e‡jB nq‡Zvev! Rxe‡bi cÖvYkw³ wbwnZ b`xi m‡½| G Rb¨B gvbyl †mB K‡e iPbv K‡i‡Q b`x-cyivY| cyiv‡Yi b`x KL‡bv cyi“l, †`ex wKsev bvix| we‡klZ Kwei Kv‡Q b`xi Avi bvix Avw` cÖm½| ce©Z †_‡K mvMi ch©š— e‡q Pjv Rjaviv Rxeb‡K RywM‡q‡Q AZzj¨ De©iZv| †md RjaviY K‡i e‡jI b`x Rbbx ^iƒcv| evsjv fvlvi K_¨iƒc engvb Rjavivq aŸwbi g‡ZvB mvejxj, ù‚Z©| Avw`Kvj †_‡K Rxeb I R‡ji cÖevn GKvKvi, Awew”Qbœ| KweZvq b`x I Rxeb ci¯ú‡ii me‡P‡q mv_©K Dcgvb Ges Zv GZUvB m½Z †h,µgvMZ cybive„Ë n‡qI bZzb| †nb †Kv‡bv Kwe †bB, whwb b`xi Kv‡Q hvbwb wKsev iPbv K‡ibwb b`xwe‡k‡li cÖkw¯—| †Kbbv Rxe‡bi Awbt‡kl engvbZv, cwiµgY, weeZ©bÑ mewKQy GKB m‡½ b`x‡Z `„k¨gvb| ïay fvi I `vk©wbKZvi w`K †_‡K bq, ev —eZvi w`K †_‡KI| GB Dcjwä †_‡KI b`xKxZ©b evOvwj Kwe-wkíxi Rb¨ †hb wba©vwiZ GKwU KvR| Zviv b`x-cÖfvweZ webv k‡Z©| †`ªvn, †cÖg, Avb›`, welv`Ñ Zver Abyf‡e b`x G‡m hvq| bv ej‡jB bq †h, b`xgvÎB bqbvwfivg| Rxe‡bi wecix‡Z b`x hLb aŸs‡mi Av‡qvR‡b †g‡Z I‡V, †mB me©bvkv iƒcI AevK †mŠ›`‡h©i AvKi| bvgKi‡Yi ˆewPΨ †_‡KI eûjvs‡k Zv Dcjyä nq| n‡Z cv‡i, hviv b`xi bvg wbw`©ó K‡iwQ‡jb Zviv Rš§m~‡Î KweB wQ‡jb bv| n‡j gq~iiv¶x, K‡cvZv¶, myeY©‡iLv, wPÎv, wekvLv, my‡iYy BZ¨vw` mykÖve¨ m‡¤^vab b`x †cj Kvi †_‡K! †hb GKwU GKwU wfbœ wfbœ wKeZvi wk‡ivbvg| KweK‡É D”PvwiZ nqwb Ggb †Kv‡bv b`xi bvg Avgv‡`i Rvbv †bB| Ab¨ fvlvi K_v ejwQ bv, ïay b`x‡Kw› ÖK evsjv KweZv c‡o †djv wKsev iwPZ Mvb †M‡q †djv cy‡iv Rxe‡bi †di| b`x we‡klZ ZxieZx© gvby‡li Rxe‡b cvjb K‡i wbqš—vi f‚wgKv| †hb wb‡Ri wewkóZvB Av‡ivc K‡i †jv‡Ki Rxe‡b| b`x Zv‡`i RxweKvi mnvq, Avb›`, ^cœ I ^v”Q¨‡›`¨i cÖZxK; cÖvwßi Ab¨Zg wbðqZv| b`xZx‡ii RbRvwZ,

kÖgkxj gvbyl‡K b`x †`q Lv‡`¨i †hvMvb, cvbxq I †m‡Pi Rj| we¶zä †mªvZ,

b`x 59

cÖkvwš— Zv‡`i wP‡Ë D”QjZv-Av‡eM wmÂb K‡i, ˆeiv‡M¨i Abyf‚wZ †`q| Avevi wecv‡K D×z× K‡i msMÖvgx n‡Z| A_©vr Rxeb †eM I Av‡eM cvq eûjvs‡k b`xi engvbZvi KvQ †_‡K| b`x GKB m‡½ `yt‡Li AvaviI e‡U| c−vweZ n‡q K‚j fv‡O, Rbc` fv‡O, fv‡O RxebI| b`xm~‡ÎB b`xgvZ…K †`‡ki gvbyl cÖvwß I eÂbvi gy‡LvgywL nq hyMcr| b`x wQbœ K‡i h~_e× emev‡mi Av¯’v I ggZvi MÖwš’| GZme wbôziZv m‡Ë¡I b`x Rxe‡bi cÖZxK| Rxeb †hb b`xi m‡½B mgxK…Z| Rxeb‡mªvZ I Rj‡mªvZ wg‡j GK ALÊ AMÖmi| gvB‡Kj gyam~ab `Ë ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq K‡cvZv‡¶i cÖkw¯— †M‡q‡Qb| Avgiv Zvi †_‡K GKwU jvBb D×…Z K‡i me b`xi gwngv‡K ¯^iY KieÑ Ô`y»-†mªvZiƒcx Zzwg Rš§f‚wg —‡b|Õ evsjvmvwnZ¨ AmsL¨ †QvU M‡íI b`x †ek msKzjvb Dc ’vwcZ| GLv‡b Zvi weeiY msKzjvb m¤¢e bq| ïay GKwU „óvš— UvbwQ iex› Öbv‡_i ÔmyfvÕ Mí †_‡K| Zv †_‡KB Avgv‡`i m‡½ b`xi m¤ú‡K©i Aš—i½ e܇bi `„pZv Abyaveb A‡bKUvB m¤¢e: Ô... evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU †QvU b`x, M„n¯’ N‡ii †g‡qwUi g‡Zv; eû`~i ch©š— Zvnvi cÖmvi b‡n, wbijm| Zš^x b`xwU Avcb K‚j i¶v Kwiqv KvR Kwiqv hvq; `yB `v‡ii MÖv‡gi mK‡jiB m‡½ Zvnvi †hb GKUv -bv- GKUv m¤úK© Av‡Q| `yB av‡i †jvKvjq Ges Zi“”QvqvNb D”P ZU; wbæZj w`qv MÖvgj²x †mªvZw¯^bx AvÍwe¯§„Z `ª“Z c`‡¶‡c cÖdzj− nƒ`‡q Avcbvi AmsL¨ Kj¨vYKvh© Pwjqv‡Q|Õ `yB. evsjv KweZvq b`xi †h eûgvwÎK cÖvPzh©, Zv mvwn‡Z¨i Ab¨ kvLvq †bB| GUv †Kv‡bv Am½wZ bq| Z‡e Dcb¨v‡m b`xi Dc¯’vcbv Av‡iv †ewk n‡j Lye b¨vh¨ g‡b n‡Zv| KviY M‡`¨ b`x I Rxeb‡K Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e we —vwiZ Kivi my‡hvM †ewk| msL¨vi we‡ePbvq †ZgbwU nqwbÑ GK_v ejv hvq| hw`I AmsL¨ Dcb¨v‡m cÖm½µ‡g b`x ev b`xwe‡k‡li K_v G‡m‡Q| wKš‘ b`x‡Kw›`ÖK Dcb¨v‡mi msL¨v nv‡Z‡Mvbv| Ôb`x‡Kw›`ÖKÕ kãwU‡K we‡ePbvq †i‡L evsjv Dcb¨v‡mi GKwU mvaviY ZvwjKv Ki‡Z Lye GKUv †eMI †c‡Z nq bv| wek kZ‡Ki wØZxq `kK †_‡KB Avgiv b`xZxieZx© gvby‡li Rxeb‰ewkó¨ Ges mgvRRxe‡b b`xi f‚wgKv wb‡q D‡j−L¨‡hvM¨ Dcb¨vm †c‡qwQ| †hgb, b`xe‡¶ (1919)- KvRx Ave`yj I`y`; cÙvb`xi gvwS, (1936)-gvwbK e‡›`vcva¨vq; Kvwj›`x, (1940)-Zvivk¼i e‡›`vcva¨vq; b`x I bvix, (1945)- ûgvq~b Kwei; BQvgZx, (1950)- wef‚wZf‚lY e‡›`¨vcva¨vq; Pi-fvOv Pi, (1951)- KvRx Avdmvi D`&w`b Avng`; Pi Kv‡kg (1956)- Ag‡i›`Ö †Nvl; M½v, (1957)- mg‡ik emy; Mo kÖxLÊ, (1957)- Awgqf‚lY gRyg`vi; Aš—R©jx hvÎv (1962)- Kgj Kzgvi gRyg`vi; Kuv‡`v b`x Kuv‡`v (1968)- ˆmq` IqvjxDj −vn; G K‚j

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fv‡O I K‚j M‡o (1971)- m‡Z¨b †mb; Mnxb MvO (1980)- mvab P‡Ævcva¨vq; cÙvi cwjØxc (1986)- Avey BmnvK; wZ —vcv‡ii e„Ëvš— (1988)- †`‡ek ivq| GQvov Jcb¨vwmK †mwjbv †nv‡m‡bi †cvKvgvK‡oi NiemwZ (1986)- Dcb¨v‡m b`x, Rj I Rxeb ci¯ú‡ii i‡O wg‡k GKvKvi n‡q‡Q| ivûj mvsK…Z¨vq‡bi ÔfjMv †_‡K M½vÕ A‡b‡Ki we‡ePbvq Dcb¨v‡mvcg gnvMÖš’| G‡Z ewY©Z n‡q‡Q GKwU f‚L‡Êi mf¨Zv M‡o IVvi wek` eY©bv| b`x‡Kw›`ÖK Dcb¨v‡m RbRvwZi BZnvm, we‡klZ b`xZxieZx© mvaviY gvby‡li RxebPh©vi BwZe„‡Ëi cvkvcvwk G‡m‡Q b`xi BwZnvmI| hyM hyM a‡i †h †jŠwKK wek¦vm †cÖvw_Z i‡q‡Q mvavi‡Y¨ b`x‡K wN‡i, Zvi we¯—vwiZ weeiY G‡m‡Q Dcb¨v‡mi Aš—M©Z msev` n‡”Q, b`x Rxe‡bv`¨‡gi Drm| b`xZx‡ii RbRxeb Ges b`xi ey‡K fvmgvb †bŠKvi evwm›`v‡`i Ici b`xi cÖfve cÖZ¨¶| Avi G cÖfve †hb Zv‡`i A‡gvN wbqwZ| GLv‡b `yÕGKwU D`vniY Uvbv †h‡Z cv‡i| evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i b`x‡Kw›`ÖK Dcb¨vm b`xZxieZx© axeicj−xi Rxeb‰ewk‡ó¨i Abe`¨ ¯”Q wPÎ D‡V G‡m‡Q| b`x cÖev‡ni m‡½ Rxeb cÖevn e‡q †M‡Q mgvš—ivj| b`xi cÖwZ cig fv‡jvevmvi GKwU `„óvš— cvIqv hvq Dcb¨v‡mi PwiÎ Kz‡e‡ii g‡bvfve| R¡‡i Avµvš— Kz‡e‡ii wPš—vi cÖKvk NwU‡q‡Qb Jcb¨vwmK Gfv‡e : ÔcÙv b`xi K‚j Qvwoqv `k gvBj Zdv‡Z Pwjqv Avwmqv‡Q †m, gb †Kgb Kwi‡Z‡Q Zvi| cÙvi evZvm bv Mv‡q jvwM‡q, †KZzcy‡i †g‡Qv MÜ bv ïuwK‡q †m my ’ nB‡e bv|Õ b`xi m‡½ Zxievmx Rxe‡bi Abyiv‡Mi NbZ¡ G iKgB| Av‡jvP¨ Ab¨vb¨ Dcb¨v‡mI b`x Aš—tcÖvY gvby‡li GB Awe‡”Q`¨ AbyivM wPwÎZ| Avi †m Rb¨B Ôb`x‡Kw›`ÖK Dcb¨vmavivÕ wPwýZ Kivi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| †h Rxeb I cÖK…wZ‡K †K‡›`Öi †i‡L Jcb¨vwmK Dcb¨vm iPbv K‡ib, †m m¤ú‡K© Zvi mg¨K aviYv I Ávb Acwinvh©| `~i †_‡K Ae‡jvKb Ges Abyfe Kwei KvR, †m A‡_© Jcb¨vwm‡Ki KvR nq‡Zv bq| A_©vr mv_©K Jcb¨vwmK‡K ZK©vZxZ Rxebwkíx n‡Z nq| G‡¶‡Î GKwU Rš§MZ AwaKvi †hb †c‡qwQ‡jb ÔwZZvm GKwU b`xi bvgÕ Dcb¨v‡mi iPwqZv A‰ØZ gj−eg©Y| wZwb wb‡R wZZvm cv‡ii evwm›`v| Z_vKw_Z wbæeMx©q m¤úÖ`v‡qi gvbyl| m½Z Kvi‡YB b`x I Rxe‡bi †hvMm~Î Zv‡K AbymÜvb K‡i wdi‡Z nqwb| Zv wZwb †c‡q‡Qb Rš§m~‡Î| G m¤ú‡K© GKwU gRvi Z_¨ Av‡Q| gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi ÔcÙvb`xi gvwSÕ cÖKvwkZ nq 1936 mv‡j| Gi Kzwo eQi ci 1956 mv‡j A‰ØZ gj −eg©Y ÔwZZvm GKwU b`xi bv‡gÕi cvÊywjwc Rgv †`b cÖKvk‡Ki Kv‡Q| G mgq Zvi NwbôZg eÜz- mnPi my‡eva †PŠayix Zv‡K e‡jwQ‡jb, ÔgvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq wjL‡jb cÙvb`xi gvwS, Avi wK †Zvgvi eB gvby‡l †b‡e?Õ web‡qi m‡½ wbæe‡M©i QbœQvov A‰ØZ gj−eg©Y e‡jwQ‡jb, Ômy‡eva `v gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq eo AvwU÷, gv÷vi AvwU©÷| wKš‘ evI‡bi †cvjvÑ †ivgvw›UK| Avi Avwg †Zv RvDjvi †cvjv|Õ G m¤ú‡K©

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Pjw”P‡Î b`x Avkivdzj nK we‡k¦i †hme †`‡ki D‡j−L‡hvM¨ msL¨K Pjw”P‡Îi m‡½ b`x, b`xi bvg Rwo‡q Av‡Q Zv‡`i Ab¨Zg evsjv‡`k (GLv‡b evsjv‡`k ej‡Z fviZel© eyS‡Z n‡e|| GLv‡b b`x wb‡q cÖ_g Pjw”PÎwU ˆZwi K‡i‡Qb A¯‹vi weRqx Ab¨Zg cÖavb divwm Pjw”PÎKvi Ru †i‡bvqv (JEAN RENOIR)| nu v, 1949 wbwg©Z ÔThe RiverÕ -Gi K_vB ejv n‡”Q| mZ¨wRr ivq I iv‡Rb Zid`v‡ii Pjw”PÎKvi n‡q IVvi †h Mí Zvi m‡½ Rwo‡q Av‡Q Ru †i‡bvqvi The River'| ejv hvq, mZ¨wR‡Zi wk¶vbwewk n‡qwQj G QywUi gva¨‡gB| ÔThe RiverÕ wbg©v‡Yi mgq Ru †i‡bvqv e‡jwQ‡jb, evsjv‡`‡ki b`x wbm‡M©i †mŠ›`h© wb‡q Pjw”PÎ wbg©v‡Yi Adziš— m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q| wZwb †P‡qwQ‡jb evsjvi b`x, b`x ZxieZx© Rbc` Ges Gi Rxeb RxweKv wb‡q Zi“Y Pjw”PÎ wbg©vZv‡`i †KD †KD Ggb Pjw”PÎ wbg©vY Ki‡eb hv‡Z b`xgvZ…K Rxe‡bi mdj ˆewkó¨ dz‡U D‡V| †i‡bvqvi Avkvev‡`i ci Aa©kZ eQ‡iiI †ewk mgq †cwi‡q †M‡Q| GB `xN© mg‡q †i‡bvqvi Avkvev` KZUv c~iY n‡q‡Q Zv wbwðZ K‡i ejv gykwKj| Z‡e GUv wbwðZ K‡i ejv hvq ,GB mg‡q b`x wb‡q A‡bK Qwe wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q| Ges Gme wbg©vZv‡`i Ab¨Zg FwZ¡K NUK| wZwb 1962 mv‡j wbg©vY K‡ib Ômyeb©‡iLvÕ| fviZ wefv‡Mi d‡j ZrKvjxb c~e© cvwK¯—vb †_‡K GK`j M„nnxb DØv ‘ gvbyl G‡m mye©Y‡iLv b`xi Zx‡i GKwU Rbc` M‡o †Zv‡j| ÔmyeY©‡iLvÕ Qwe‡Z †mB Rbc‡`i MíB ejv n‡q‡Q| GKB wbg©vZv 1973 mv‡j wbg©vY K‡ib ÔwZZvm GKwU b`xi bvgÕ| A‰ØZ gj−eg©‡Yi Dcb¨vm Aej¤^‡b GB Qwe wbg©vY Ki‡Z wM‡q FwZ¡K NUK †ek wKQyUv ¯^vaxbZv wb‡q‡Qb| A‰ØZ gj−eg©‡Yi Dcb¨v‡m Av‡QÑ b`xi av‡i GKUv †R‡j‡`i mgvR| b`xUv ax‡i ax‡i ï‡Kv‡Z ï‡Kv‡Z GKw`b wbwðý n‡q hvq| †mB m‡½ IB mgvRUvI Pzigvi n‡q hvq| b`xi ¯§„wZ enb K‡i ïay GKwU e¨vcviÑ Avkcv‡ki MÖv‡gi †jvK ZLbI e‡j †h GLv‡b wZZvm bv‡g GKwU b`x wQj| A‰ØZ gj−eg©Y GLv‡b †kl Kiv m‡Ë¡I FwZ¡K GUv‡K Av‡iv GKUz mvg‡b †U‡b wb‡q hvb| wZwb ejvi †Póv K‡ibÑ b`x Avi †bB wKš‘ av‡bi †¶Z i‡q‡Q| GKwU mf¨Zv †kl n‡q hvIqvUvB †kl bq| GKwU mf¨Zvi g„Zz i g‡a¨ jywK‡q _v‡K bZzb mf¨Zvi exR| Gfv‡eB gvbe Rxeb cÖevwnZ n‡Z _v‡K| evev I †Q‡ji m¤ú‡K©i g‡Zv| gvwbK e‡›`vcva¨v‡qi KvjRqx Dcb¨vm ÔcÙv b`xi gvwSÕi Kvwnbx Aej¤^‡b Pjw”PÎ wbg©vY K‡ib †MŠZg †Nvl| wZwb G Qwe‡Z cÙv b`x Ges b`x ZxieZx©

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b`x 67

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b`x 69

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myL-`yt‡Li ajvB b`x wjUb fÆvPvh© b`xi GK‚j fv‡O, IK‚j M‡o GB †Zv b`xi †Ljv| b`xgvZ…K Avgv‡`i G †`‡k fvOv-Movi †Ljvq KZ MÖvg †h b`x‡Z wejxb n‡”Q Zvi †Kv‡bv mwVK cwimsL¨vb †bB| cÖwZ eQiB mnvq-m¤^j nvwi‡q wbt¯^ n‡”Q kZ kZ cwievi| ZvB el©v †gŠmyg G‡jB b`x-ZxieZx© MÖvgevmxi g‡b GKUvB ksKv| Ôgiv b`x WvK w`‡q‡Q GB eywS †Rvqvi G‡jv|Õ †gŠjfxevRvi †Rjvi `w¶Y-c~e© cÖv‡š— Aew ’Z GKwU Dc‡Rjvi bvg KgjMÄ| c~e© I cwðgfv‡M we —xY© cvnvwo AÂj I wUjvf‚wg, `w¶Y-c~‡e© i‡q‡Q ivRKvw›` msiw¶Z ebvÂj, `w¶Y wUjv¸‡jv‡Z 14wU Pv evMvb I ga¨fv‡Mi mgZj wb‡q M‡o D‡V‡Q mycÖvPxb G Rbc`| G Dc‡Rjvi eyK w`‡q `w¶Y †_‡K DËi w`‡K cÖevwnZ n‡q gby b`x‡Z wM‡q wgwjZ n‡q‡Q fvi‡Zi wÎcyiv iv‡R¨ Drcbœ nIqv ajvB b`x| el©v †gŠmyg G‡jB cÖwZ eQi K‡qKw`b AbeiZ e„wó n‡jB cvnvwo X‡j Dš§Ë n‡q I‡V ajvB| Zwj‡q wb‡q hvq Bmjvgcyi, Av`gcyi, gvaecyi I KgjMÄ m`i BDwcmn †cŠi kni GjvKvi we¯—xY© Ask| Avi G‡Z e¨vcK ¶wZ nq Nievwo, ab-m¤ú`mn dmwj Rwgi| Avevi G ajvB b`x w`‡qB cÖwZ eQi euvk idZvwb K‡i cÖvq 1 †KvwU UvKv I evjy D‡Ëvjb K‡i cÖvq 57 nvRvi UvKv miKvwi ivR‡ ^ Rgv n‡q _v‡K| ajvB b`x KgjMÄevmxi Rb¨ †hgwb Avkxe©v` †Zgwb `ytLI e‡U| GK mg‡qi km¨fvÊvi wn‡m‡e L¨vwZ mviv‡`‡k _vK‡jI ajvBi fvO‡b AvR Zv iƒcK_vi M‡í cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| Dc‡Rjvi gvaecyi, Bmjvgcyi I KgjMÄ †cŠi GjvKv Ny‡i b`x fvObKewjZ GjvKvi †jvKRb I fvO‡bi AvZs‡K w`b KvUv‡bv cwievi¸‡jvi m‡½ K_v e‡j Rvbv hvq, myL-`yt‡Li ajvB b`x KgjMÄevmx‡K my‡Li †P‡q `ytLB w`‡q‡Q †ewk| m‡½ wQ‡jb mvsevw`K GgG Iqvwn`| Avgv‡`i Rb¨ †mLv‡b Av‡M †_‡KB A‡c¶vq wQ‡jb gvaecyi BDwbq‡bi †g¤^vi iYwRr Kzgvi wmsn| Zv‡K m‡½ wb‡q Avw`evmx gwYcywi Aay wlZ nxivgwZ MÖv‡gi c_ a‡i G‡Mv‡Z _vKjvg Avgiv| ajvBi cvo w`‡q hvIqvi mgq b`xi cv‡o c‡o _vKv cvKv Nievwoi aŸsmve‡kl †`wL‡q iYwRr ej‡jb, G¸‡jv 2004 mv‡ji eb¨vq b`x‡Z wejxb n‡q‡Q| MÖv‡g bZzb AvMš‘K †`‡L cv‡ki mewR‡¶Z †_‡K KvR †d‡j Avgv‡`i cv‡k G‡m uvov‡jb cÂv‡kva©Ÿ GK e¨w³| †g¤^vi cwiPq Kwi‡q w`‡jb Zvi bvg e`b wmsn| nxivgwZ MÖv‡gi Zvi evwoi mvg‡bB Gevi b`x fvO‡bi SuywK me‡P‡q †ewk| Zvi m‡½ K_v e‡j Rvbv hvq, 2004 mv‡ji eb¨vq MÖv‡gi KuvPv-cvKv wgwj‡q 13wU evwo b`x‡Z wejxb n‡q‡Q| Zvi evwoi mvg‡b wM‡q †`Lv hvq, evwoi mxgvbv cÖvPxi (euv‡ki †eov) †Nu‡l wZb nvZ cv‡ki ajvBi cvo †f‡O †f‡O b`x‡Z co‡Q| wZwb

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fvOb †`wL‡q e‡jb, G eQi ajvB Avgv‡K i¶v †`‡e bv| GiB g‡a¨ 50-60 Rb MÖvgevmxi RUjv R‡g †Mj| Zv‡`i g‡a¨ GKvwaKevi b`x fvO‡bi wkKvi KzÄ wmsn, cyY¨Puv` wmsn I Avwej wmsn e‡jb, Avgiv Z…Zxqev‡ii g‡Zv b`x fvO‡bi AvksKvq cÖni ¸bwQ| KvjxMuv‡q MvgQv civ e¨vsKvi nwi‡gvnb I bxjgwY wmsn e‡jb, GK mg‡qi 3 wK‡jvwgUvi nxivgwZ MÖvgwU b`x‡Z wejxb n‡q AvR †cŠ‡b 2 wK‡jvwgUv‡i G‡m uvwo‡q‡Q| b`x fvO‡b wbt¯ K‡qKwU cwievi MÖvg †Q‡o Pv evMv‡b wM‡q AvkÖq wb‡q‡Q| A‡bK cwievi MÖv‡gi wewfbœ evwoi DVv‡b Lycwi Ni evwb‡q fvmgv‡bi g‡Zv Rxebhvcb Ki‡Q| Zviv e‡jb, nxivgwZ MÖv‡gi ajvB cÖwZi¶v euv‡a dvUj I fvOb ïi“ nIqvq MÖv‡gi 28wU cwievi bZzb K‡i eb¨v AvZswKZ n‡q c‡o‡Q| Avi mvg‡b el©v †gŠmyg| ZvB Zviv Gi Av‡MB dvUj †givg‡Zi Rb¨ evievi BDwc †Pqvig¨v‡bi Kv‡Q wM‡q aibv w`‡”Qb| wKš‘ †Pqvig¨vb Zv‡`i Amnvq‡Z¡i my‡hvM wb‡q Dcnvm K‡ibÑ Ggb Awf‡hvM Av‡Q we —i| nxivgwZ MÖvgevmxi `vwe, AwZe„wó ïi“ nIqvi Av‡MB wmwm e−K w`‡q ajvBi cvo i¶v Ki‡Z n‡e| Zv bv n‡j e`bPuv‡`i evwoi mvg‡b dvUj †`Lv w`‡j nxivgwZ MÖv‡gi 40wU cwievimn cy‡iv gvaecyi BDwcwU Gevi Zwj‡q hv‡e| KgjMÄ †cŠi kni KzgovKuvcb GjvKvq wM‡q A¨vW‡fv‡KU AvRv`yi ingv‡bi m‡½ Avjvc K‡i Rvbv hvq, 2007 mv‡j ajvB b`x cyi‡bv †givgZK…Z euva †f‡O cÖej eb¨vq 5wU evwomn dmwj Rwgi e¨vcK ¶wZ n‡qwQj| Dc‡Rjv cÖKí ev —evqb Kg©KZ©v †gvt Avmv`y¾vgvb Rvbvb, Gevi ajvB b`x‡Z 13wU c‡q›U SzuwKc~Y© wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| GiB g‡a¨ 8wU c‡q‡›Ui KvR †kl n‡q‡Q| evwK¸‡jv e„wói Rb¨ †`wi n‡”Q| ajvB b`x fvO‡bi AvZs‡K _vKv KgjMÄ Dc‡Rjvevmxi g‡Zv b`xgvZ…K G †`‡ki b`x-ZxieZx© kZ kZ cwievi‡K b`x fvO‡bi Kej †_‡K i¶v Ki‡Z mswk−ó gš¿Yvjq‡K D‡`¨vMx n‡Z n‡e| wjUb fÆvPvh©: mvsevw`K mgKvj 24 Ryb, 2008

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Rxebvb‡›`i avbwmuwo wK nvwi‡q hv‡e! †mŠif gvngy mvwieuvav evejvMvQ, `yK‚j Qvwc‡q †R‡M IVv Pi, P‡i Ny‡i †eov‡”Q mv`v eK, b`xi Ic‡ii AvKvk w`‡q Do‡Q k•LwPj| Gm‡ei ga¨ w`‡qB e‡q P‡j‡Q †QvÆ b`x Rxebvb‡›`i avbwmuwo| G b`xi Kv‡Q †M‡j GK KmwgK ev gnvRvMwZK †Uvb †kvbv hvq| Pvicv‡ki meyRwgwkÖZ GK Abb¨iƒcmx bvixi †Pv‡Li g‡Zv GK gvqvex b`x avbwmuwo| †m b`xi Zx‡i L‡qwi Wvbvi fvZkvwjK Do‡Q, D‡o G‡m em‡Q Uªjv‡i †Wivq| nuvm Rj‡Kwj †L‡j‡Q| wK‡kvixiv Rj wb‡”Q †mB b`xi| †Kgb †hb GK mybmvb KmwgK bxieZv b`xwUi K‚‡j| Zxi †Nu‡lB Av‡Q meyR av‡bi †¶Z| b`xi K‚‡j Av‡Q kwU Mv‡Qi eb, evsjvi fuvUdzj, †gNwkix‡li MvQ| ewikvj wefv‡Mi SvjKvwVi ga¨ w`‡q cÖevwnZ n‡q ivRvcyi _vbv ch©š— P‡j †M‡Q b`xwU| MveLvb b`xi ey‡K cv †i‡L avbwmuwo GwM‡q †M‡Q ivRvcy‡ii w`‡K 12 wK‡jvwgUvi ~‡i| cwZZ n‡q‡Q Rv½vwjqv b`x‡Z| ’vbxq‡`i gZvgZ I BwZnvm †_‡K avbwmuwo bvgKiY m¤ú‡K© `ywU aviYv cvIqv hvq| cÖ_gwU n‡jv, GKKv‡j GB b`xi Zx‡i djZ cÖPzi evjvg avb| †m× evjvg avb Pvjvb n‡Zv ~i ~iv‡š—| evjvg avb n‡Z b`xwUi bvg n‡q hvq Ôavb¨kÖxÕ| µ‡g µ‡g †jvKgy‡L †m× avb n‡Z b`xwUi bvg cv‡ë nq avb‡m×| †mB avb‡m×B GKKv‡j n‡q hvq avbwmuwo| D‡j−L¨, ewikv‡ji BwZnvm-m¤úwK©Z weªwUk †jLK GBP †efvwi‡Ri weL¨vZ eB `¨ wWw÷ª± Ae ev‡KiMÄ (The District of Bakarganj, LONDON, 1876)Õ-G Ôavb‡m×Õ bv‡g GKwU b`xi bvg D‡j −L Av‡Q| wØZxq gZev`wU Kwe Rxebvb›` `vk‡K Rwo‡q| G aviYvwUB GLb eûj cÖPwjZ I MÖnY‡hvM¨| AvR †_‡K 75 eQi Av‡M Rxebvb›` `v‡ki c~e©cyi“l A_ev `~im¤ú‡K©i gvgviv SvjKvwV‡Z G‡m emwZ ¯’vcb K‡iwQ‡jb GB b`xi Zx‡i| ZLb GB b`xi bvg wQj Ôavb¨kÖxÕ| GB b`x w`‡q ZLb eo eo w÷gvi hvZvqvZ KiZ| Kwe Zvi Rxe‡bi †Kv‡bv GK mgq a¨vbkÖx b`xi Kv‡Qi †mB evwo‡Z wM‡qwQ‡jb| ZLb GB b`x I ZxieZx© cÖK…wZ Kwe‡K gy» K‡iwQj| c‡i wZwb Zvi wewfbœ KweZvq G b`x‡K avbwmuwo bv‡g D‡j −L K‡i‡Qb| Avi Gfv‡eB GKw`b b`xwU n‡q hvq avbwmuwo| iƒcmx evsjvi Kwe Rxebvb›` `v‡ki KweZvi I Avengvb evsjvi HwZ‡n¨ jvwjZ avbwmwo b`xwUi eZ©gvb †Pnviv †`‡L nZvk nIqv Qvov Avi †Kv‡bv Dcvq †bB| KviY Rxebvb‡›`i †mB avbwmuwoi cv‡oi evejvi mvwi, k•LwPj, kvwjK, we —…Z b`xZxi‡Niv mykxZj QvqvXvKv e„¶ivwR I Ab¨vb¨ cÖK…wZi †mŠ›`h© wVKB Av‡Q, wKš‘ †mB b`x Avi b`x †bB! b`xi MfxiZvI K‡g †M‡Q|

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fvUvi mgq †nu‡UB cvwo †`qv hv‡e G b`x| BwÄbPvwjZ †Kv‡bv hvb Pjvi g‡Zv Ae ’v ZLb _v‡K bv| fvev hvq c„w_exi †Kv‡bv GK mg‡q G b`x w`‡q PjZ eo eo w÷gvi! b`xi Zx‡i GLb ˆZwi n‡q‡Q ¸”QMÖvg| gvbyl †QvÆ G gvqvex b`xi cvwb bó Ki‡Q cÖwZwbqZ| Lbb bv Kivi Rb¨ cwj fivU n‡q AvR b`xwU MfxiZv nvwi‡q GLb Lv‡j cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| ïK‡bv †gŠmy‡g ch©vß cvwb bv _vKvq †mPmsK‡U fzM‡Q ZxieZx© K…lKiv| †mÖvZavivI †bB| Lbb bv Ki‡j GwU GKw`b wejxb n‡q hv‡e Ges K‡qK nvRvi GKi Rwg‡Z Bwi avb djv‡Z cvi‡e bv K…lK| †`‡ki wewfbœ AÂj I we‡`k †_‡K cÖwZeQi A‡bK ch©UK, Rxebvb›`‡cÖgxiv avbwmuwo b`x †`L‡Z Av‡mb| miKvi b`xwU mwVKfv‡e msi¶Y Ki‡j ch©UK‡`i AvMgb AviI evo‡e, K…lK‡`i cvwbmsKU ~i n‡e, euvwP‡q ivLv hv‡e GK wKse`wš— Kwe‡K| †mŠif gvngy : cwi‡ekwelqK †jLK cÖ_g Av‡jv 31 RyjvB, 2008

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evsjv-fviZ b`x mgm¨v Ge‡b †Mvjvg mvgv` dviv°v e¨vivR wbg©v‡Yi hyw³ wQj Gi mvnv‡h¨ wdWvi K¨v‡bj w`‡q M½vi cvwb‡K †djv hv‡e fvMxi_x‡Z| Gfv‡e ﮋ †gŠmy‡g fvMxi_xi cvwb cÖevn evwo‡q KjKvZv e›`‡ii bve¨Zv i¶v Kiv m¤¢e n‡e| wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b †`Lv hv‡”Q, fvMxi_xi cvwb evwo‡q KjKvZv e›`‡ii bve¨Zv i¶v m¤¢e bq| A_©vr dviv°v e¨vivR wbg©v‡Yi g~j hyw³ GLb A‡K‡Rv n‡q c‡o‡Q| wKš‘ ZeyI dviv°v e¨vivR ivLv n‡q‡Q| KviY, Zvi Ici w`‡q wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q †ij iv —v| †mUv KjKvZvi m‡½ cwðg evsjvi DËiv‡ji †hvMv‡hvM i¶vq mvnvh¨ Ki‡Q| †Kej ZvB bq, dviv°vi Ici w`‡q cÖ‡qvR‡b ˆmb¨ wb‡q hvIqv m¤¢e n‡”Q Avmv‡g| ZvB fviZ Pv‡”Q bv dviv°v e¨vivR fvO‡Z| wKš‘ dviv°v e¨vivR ¸i“Zi mgm¨vi m„wó K‡i‡Q cwðg evsjvi Rb¨| wdWvi K¨v‡bj Dc‡P cvwb D‡V gywk©`vev‡` m„wó Ki‡Q eb¨v| Ab¨w`‡K fvO‡Q cwðge‡½i gvj`n †Rjvi KvwjqvPK _vbvi we —xY© AÂj| Gfv‡e fvO‡Z _vK‡j gvj`n †Rjvi A‡bK MÖvg I K…wlf‚wg wejxb n‡q hv‡e M½vi e‡¶| †Kej cwðge‡½i gvj`n †RjvB bq| wenv‡ii A‡bK A‡j m„wó n‡Z cv‡i eo iK‡gi eb¨v| KviY, el©vKv‡j Av‡M †hgb M½v w`‡q cvwb Mwo‡q †h‡Z cviZ, GLb Avi Zv cvi‡Q bv dviv°v e¨viv‡Ri Kvi‡Y| eb¨v I b`xi fvOb †h GKUv mgm¨v n‡q uvov‡e, GUv GKvwaK fviZxq we‡klÁ Abygvb Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb| ZvB Zviv wQ‡jb bv dviv°v e¨vivR wbg©v‡Yi c‡¶| wKš‘ fvi‡Zi Ks‡MÖm miKvi GB e¨vivR wbg©v‡Y A_© eivÏ K‡i we‡kl Kvi‡Y| GB KviY wQj mvgvwqK| aiv n‡qwQj Gi mvnv‡h¨ M½vi cvwb eÜ K‡i Z`vbxš—b c~e© cvwK¯—vb‡K †djv hv‡e wecv‡K| wKš‘ dviv°v GLb n‡q DV‡Z hv‡”Q wenvi I cwðg evsjvi Rb¨ we‡kl mgm¨v| †hUv wb‡q GLb fvebvq c‡o‡Q wenvi I cwðge½ miKvi| dviv°vi Kvi‡Y gvj`n †Rjvi `w¶YvÂj fvO‡Q| KviY, dviv°v e¨viv‡Ri av°v †L‡q M½vi cvwb DËiw`‡K av°v gvi‡Q| gvj`n †Rjvi G A‡ji gvwU A‡bK big, ZvB fvO‡Q mn‡RB| c¶vš—‡i gywk©`vev` A‡ji gvwU Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e k³, ZvB dviv°v e¨viv‡R av°v †L‡q wKQy cvwb †mw`‡K av°v gvi‡jI eo iK‡gi fvOb m„wó n‡”Q bv| cwðge‡½i gywk©`vev` †Rjvi †P‡q gvj`n †Rjv ¶wZMÖ¯— n‡”Q eû ¸‡Y †ewk| gywk©`vev` I gvj`n †Rjvi gvbyl dviv°vRwbZ Kvi‡Y Zv‡`i ¶wZ n‡”Q e‡j KjKvZv nvB‡Kv‡U© gvgjv K‡i‡Q ¶wZc~i‡Yi Rb¨| KjKvZv nvB‡Kv‡U© GB gvgjv Pj‡Q, hvi ivq GL‡bv nqwb| wKQyw`‡bi g‡a¨ n‡e e‡j Abygvb Kiv hv‡”Q| dviv°v e¨viv‡Ri Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`‡ki beveMÄ †Rjvi wkeMÄ Dc‡Rjvi A‡bK As‡k eo ai‡bi fvOb †`Lv w`‡q‡Q| Gi d‡j cÙv m‡i G‡m wgwjZ

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n‡Z Pv‡”Q cvMjv bv‡gi b`xi m‡½| cvMjv b`x G‡m wg‡j‡Q beveMÄ kn‡ii `w¶‡Y gnvb›`v b`xi m‡½| A_©vr cÙv, cvMjv I gnvb›`v b`x GK n‡q co‡Z Pv‡”Q| b`xi fvOb m„wó nq `yÕfv‡e| el©vKv‡j b`xi cvwb b`xi K‚‡j av°v w`‡q fvOb m„wó K‡i| GUv n‡jv cÖv_wgK fvOb| b`xi cvwb G mgq gvwUi wbP w`‡q A‡bK `~i ch©š— Xz‡K hvq| el©v †k‡l GB cvwb b`x‡Z †b‡g †h‡Z _v‡K, GB hvIqvi mgq b`xi K~j †f‡O c‡o| dviv°vi Kvi‡Y fvO‡bi gvÎv wkeMÄ GjvKvq †e‡o‡Q| KviY el©vi †k‡l cvwb A‡bK `ª“Z †b‡g hv‡”Q| †h‡nZz b`x‡Z Av‡Mi g‡Zv Avi cvwb _vK‡Q bv| Gfv‡e cvwb †b‡g hvIqvi d‡j b`xi cvo fvO‡Q Av‡Mi †P‡q A‡bK mn‡R I †ewk K‡i| 1996 mv‡ji 12 wW‡m¤i ¯^v¶wiZ nq nvwmbv-†`e‡MŠov M½vi cvwb eÈb Pzw³| GwU wVK nq, evsjv‡`k ﮋ †gŠmy‡g M½vi cvwb cwigvY cv‡e| GB Pzw³‡Z AviI ejv n‡q‡Q, dviv°vi Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`k hw` †Kv‡bv we‡kl mgm¨vq c‡o Z‡e Zv wb‡q evsjv‡`k I fviZ miKv‡ii g‡a¨ Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g †m wel‡q †hŠ_ wm×vš— wb‡q mgm¨vi mgvav‡b c`‡¶c †bqv †h‡Z cvi‡e| nvwmbv-†`e‡MŠovi Pzw³ Abymv‡i ﮋ †gŠmy‡g evsjv‡`‡ki †h cwigvY cvwb cvIqvi K_v, evsjv‡`k Zv cv‡”Q bv| Ab¨w`‡K evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU we¯—xY© A‡j m„wó n‡q‡Q b`xfvO‡bi mgm¨v| G yB mgm¨v wb‡q GLb Av‡jvPbv nIqv LyeB Ri“wi n‡q c‡o‡Q| wKš‘

evsjv‡`‡ki miKv‡ii c¶ †_‡K G mgm¨vi mgvav‡b †Kv‡bv D‡`¨vM wb‡Z †`Lv hv‡”Q bv| †hUv Rbg‡b RvMv‡”Q A‡bK cÖkœ| nvwmbv-†`e‡MŠov Pzw³‡Z †Kej wØc¶xq Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g M½vi cvwb eÈb Ges dviv°vRwbZ mgm¨vi mgvav‡bi my‡hvM Av‡Q| wKš‘ †Kv‡bv Avš—R©vwZK ga¨ ’Zvi gva¨‡g Gme mgm¨vi mgvav‡bi my‡hvM ivLv nqwb| A_©vr evsjv‡`k we‡klfv‡e n‡q c‡o‡Q fvi‡Zi mw`”Qvwbf©i| 1996 mv‡j ejv n‡qwQj, nvwmbv-†`e‡MŠov Pzw³ GKw`‡K †hgb Ki‡Z cv‡i M½vi cvwb eÈb mgm¨vi mgvavb Ges Ab¨w`‡K Ki‡Z cv‡i dviv°v wb‡q D™¢~Z mgm¨vi mgvav‡biI my‡hvM| wKš‘ GLb †`Lv hv‡”Q nvwmbv-†`e‡MŠov Pzw³ we‡klfv‡e e¨_© n‡Z P‡j‡Q| Gi gva¨‡g ev —‡e †Kv‡bv jvfB cv‡”Q bv evsjv‡`k| evsjv‡`k miKvi‡K ZvB G e¨vcv‡i fve‡Z n‡e bZzb K‡i| dviv°v e¨vivR A‡bK mgm¨vi m„wó K‡i‡Q| wKš‘ dviv°v e¨vivR bv _vK‡jI M½vi cvwbeÈb wb‡q mgm¨vi †`Lv w`Z| KviY M½vi cvwb fvi‡Zi GKvwaK cÖ‡`k wb‡q wb‡”Q B‡”Qg‡Zv| Gi d‡j M½vi cvwb cÖevn Avi Av‡Mi g‡Zv _vK‡Q bv| evsjv‡`‡k Avi Av‡Mi g‡Zv G‡m †cuŠQv‡”Q bv M½vi cvwb| M½vi cvwb bv cvIqvi mgm¨v †Kej dviv°vi Rb¨ m„wó nqwb, ZvB M½vi cvwb mgm¨v Avi dviv°v e¨vivR wb‡q m„ó mgm¨v¸‡jv‡K GK K‡i †`Lv LyeB weåvwš—Ki| M½vi cvwb eÈb Pzw³ nIqv DwPZ c„_Kfv‡e| Avi GB cvwb bv †c‡j Gi Rb¨ _vKv DwPZ Avš—R©vwZK

b`x 77

Av`vj‡Z wePvi cvIqvi my‡hvM| M½v Ges cÙvi LvZ †hfv‡e DËi-c~e© w`‡K m‡i hv‡”Q, Zv‡Z dviv°v e¨vivR Ggwb‡ZB AKvh©Ki n‡q co‡e| Aek¨ GUv n‡Z †ek K‡qK eQi mgq wb‡Z cv‡i| dviv°vi †P‡q M½vi cvwbi b¨vh¨ fvM cvIqv A‡bK eo mgm¨v, hvi GKUv ’vqx mgvavb nIqv Ri“wi| wngvj‡q †h e„wó nq Ges eid M‡j †h cvwbi m„wó nq Zv n‡jv M½vi cvwbi Drm| c„w_exi ZvcgvÎv †hfv‡e evo‡Q, Zv‡Z wngvj‡qi me eidB fwel¨‡Z M‡j †h‡Z cv‡i| wngvjq n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i eidwenxb| ZLb M½v I eªþcy‡Îi g‡Zv b`x‡Z cvwbi Afve †`Lv †`‡e weivUfv‡e| evsjv‡`k‡K ZvB cvwb wb‡q fve‡Z n‡e bZzb K‡i| evsjv‡`k wQj b`xgvZ…K †`k, wKš‘ Zv Avi _vK‡e bv| evsjv‡`k‡K we‡klfv‡e wbf©i Ki‡Z n‡e e„wói cvwbi Ici| Avgv‡`i AvqË Ki‡Z n‡e e„wói cvwb‡K a‡i †i‡L Zv e¨env‡ii †KŠkj| Avgv‡`i Avev` Ki‡Z n‡e †mme dmj, hv‡Z cvwbi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o Kg| KviY Av‡Mi g‡Zv cvwb Avi Avgiv †c‡Z cvie bv| fviZI †h cv‡e Ggb bq| nvwmbv-†`e‡MŠov Pzw³i g‡a¨ Av‡Q, M½vi cvwbcÖevn evov‡bvi Rb¨ Dfq †`k‡KB †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e| wKš‘ G iKg †Póvi my‡hvM Avi _vK‡e e‡j g‡b nq bv| fviZ †P‡qwQj eªþcy‡Îi cvwb Lvj †K‡U M½vq wb‡q †h‡Z| eªþcy‡Îi †ewkifvM cÖevwnZ n‡q G‡m‡Q wZeŸ‡Zi ga¨ w`‡q| G b`x‡K wZeŸ‡Z e‡j kvs †cv| Pxb miKvi Pv‡”Q kvs †cv b`xi cvwb Px‡bi g~j f‚L‡Ê wb‡q †h‡Z Ges Zv †m‡Pi Kv‡R e¨envi Ki‡Z| ZvB eªþcy‡Îi cvwb Lvj †K‡U M½vq wb‡q †djvi fviZxq cwiKíbv Kv‡R Avm‡e e‡j g‡b n‡”Q bv| M½v cvwbcÖevn evwo‡q fviZ †hfv‡e Zvi †m‡Pi cvwb mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z Pvw”Qj, †mUv n‡Z ci‡e bv| cvwbi cÖ‡qvRb meviB| fviZ, Pxb, evsjv‡`k‡K wgwj‡q †hŠ_ b`x¸‡jvi cvwb eÈb mgm¨vi mgvavb Lyu‡R †c‡Z n‡e| GRb¨ MVb Ki‡Z n‡e †hŠ_ cvwb Kwgkb| fviZ GKmgq †f‡e‡Q wngvj‡qi cvwbm¤ú` †m GKvB wbqš¿‡Yi AwaKvix| wKš‘ ev¯—‡e Zv Avi m¤¢e bq| M½vi K‡qKwU Dcb`x G‡m‡Q †bcvj †_‡K| †bcvj‡KI wb‡Z n‡e cvwb eÈb Kwgk‡b| fviZ GKmgq g‡b K‡i‡Q †bcvj Pj‡e Zvi ûKzg †g‡b| wKš‘ †bcv‡ji ivR‰bwZK cwieZ©b GLb fvi‡Zi Rb¨ n‡q DV‡Q GKUv eo iK‡gi mgm¨v| †bcvj n‡q DV‡Z hv‡”Q GKUv cÖK…Z ¯^vaxb-mve©‡fŠg ivóª| †bcv‡ji m‡½ evsjv‡`‡ki ˆgÎx evo‡e| †bcvj M½vi cvwb eÈb mgm¨v mgvav‡b AvMvgx‡Z cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f‚wgKv| mgMÖ DËi fvi‡Z cvwb wb‡q mgm¨vi m„wó n‡”Q| cvwb wb‡q fvi‡Z GK A½iv‡óªi m‡½ Avi GK A½iv‡óªi msNvZ m„wó nIqv LyeB m¤¢e| `vw¶Yv‡Z¨ Kv‡eix b`xi cvwb wb‡q Kb©vUK I ZvwgjbvWzi g‡a¨ P‡j‡Q weev`| G iKg weev` m„wó cv‡i AviI A‡bK A½iv‡óªi g‡a¨B| DËi fvi‡Zi b`x¸‡jv Avi `w¶Y fvi‡Zi b`x¸‡jvi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Av‡Q| DËi fvi‡Z b`x¸‡jvi cvwbi

b`x 78

GKwU Drm n‡”Q wngvj‡qi eid| wKš—y `w¶Y fvi‡Zi b`x¸‡jv †Kej enb K‡i e„wói cvwb| MÖx®§Kv‡j Gme b`x‡Z cvwb cÖvq _v‡K bv ej‡jB P‡j| fvi‡Zi we‡klÁiv fve‡Qb, eªþcy‡Îi cvwb Zviv Lvj †K‡U wb‡q †dj‡eb M½vq| M½v †_‡K Lvj †K‡U cvwb wb‡q †dj‡eb Kv‡eix b`x‡Z| wKš‘ GLb G cwiKíbv‡K G‡Kev‡iB Aev —e e‡j g‡b n‡”Q| M½vi cvwbcÖevn eªþcy‡Îi cvwb w`‡q evov‡bv hv‡e bv| M½v †_‡K cvwb Kv‡eix b`x‡Z wb‡Z †M‡j DËi fvi‡Z cvwbi Afve †`Lv †`‡e| DËi fvi‡Zi gvbyl †mUv gvb‡Z PvB‡e bv| evsjv‡`k Pvqwb Ges Pvq bv eªþcy‡Îi cvwb Lvj †K‡U M½vq wb‡q hvIqv †nvK| KviY, Gi d‡j †m ewÂZ n‡e eªþcy‡Îi cvwb †_‡K| †hUv GLb ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB Avmvg †_‡K cÖevwnZ n‡q Avm‡Q evsjv‡`‡k| fvi‡Z h‡_”Qfv‡e M½vi cvwb e¨envi Kiv n‡”Q| fviZ hw` M½vi cvwb mycwiKwíZfv‡e e¨envi K‡i, Z‡e M½vi cvwbi AcPq A‡bK Kg‡e| Avi evsjv‡`kI Pzw³ Abymv‡i ﮋ †gŠmy‡g M½vi cvwb Pzw³ †gvZv‡eK †c‡Z cvi‡e| M½vi cvwb eÈb mgm¨vi mgvavb we‡klfv‡e wbf©i Ki‡Q fvi‡Zi Ici| KviY, fviZ DRv‡bi †`k| Avi M½v b`xi †ewkifvM cÖevwnZ n‡q‡Q fvi‡Z ga¨ w`‡q| b`x cÖevwnZ nq †hw`‡K Xvjy †mw`‡KB| evsjv‡`‡ki ga¨ w`‡q M½v I eªþcyÎ cÖevwnZ n‡q‡Q GB cÖK…wZi Kvi‡YB| fviZ Lvj †K‡U b`xi GB ¯^vfvweK MwZc_ cwieZ©‡bi †Póv Ki‡Q| GUv Ki‡Z wM‡q †h cwigvY Avw_©K mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb Zv‡K n‡Z n‡e Zv fvi‡Zi g‡Zv †`‡ki c‡¶ GLbI enb Kiv mnRmva¨ bq| Lvj GKevi KvU‡j †h †m wVK _v‡K Zv bq| Lv‡j R‡g cwj| Lvj fivU n‡q Av‡m| cvwb wVKg‡Zv miv‡Z bv cvi‡j Lv‡ji Pvi av‡i m„wó n‡Z Pvq weivU Rjvf‚wg| hv Pv‡li Abyc‡hvMx K‡i †Zv‡j GKKv‡ji Avevw` Rwg‡K| Lye fvebvwPš—v bv K‡iB cwðge½ miKvi wbg©vY K‡i‡Q dviv°v e¨vivR| dviv°v e¨vivR cwðge½ miKv‡ii Rb¨ n‡q D‡V‡Q GKUv eo mgm¨v| fviZ miKvi †hfv‡e Lvj †K‡U GK b`xi m‡½ Av‡iK b`xi ms‡hvM mvab Ki‡Z Pv‡”Q Zv‡ZI m„wó n‡Z cv‡i eûwea mgm¨v| †h‡nZz evsjv‡`‡ki †ewkifvM b`x cÖevwnZ n‡q G‡m‡Q fvi‡Zi ga¨ w`‡q, ZvB fvi‡Zi GB b`xbxwZ n‡q DV‡Q Avgv‡`iI D‡Ø‡Mi welq| mv‡eK cvwK —vb Avg‡j 1960 mv‡j n‡qwQj fviZ-cvwK —vb wmÜz b`x cvwb Pzw³ (Indus Waters Treaty)| Gi d‡j n‡Z †c‡iwQj fviZ-cvwK —v‡bi g‡a¨ wmÜz b` I Zvi Dcb`x¸‡jvi cvwb wb‡q m„wó mgm¨vi mgvavb| G mgm¨v mgvav‡b wek¦e¨vsK cvjb K‡iwQj we‡kl f‚wgKv| fviZ-evsjv‡`‡ki g‡a¨I G f‚wgKv wek¦e¨vsK B”Qv Ki‡j cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i| wek¦e¨vsK †mP I eb¨v wbqš¿‡Y w`‡Z cv‡i A_©mvnvh¨| evsjv‡`‡k dviv°vi Kvi‡Y cÙv b`x‡Z †h iKg fvOb †`Lv w`‡q‡Q, Zv‡Z wek¦e¨vsK mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ †h Kvi‡YB †nvK, wek¦e¨vsK G †¶‡Î †Kv‡bv D‡`¨vM wb‡Z Avi AvMÖnx e‡j g‡b

b`x 79

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b`x 80

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b`x 81

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b`x 82

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`w¶Y Gwkqvi cvwb mgm¨vi mgvavb ˆmq` wUcy myjZvb GKRb gvby‡li Rb¨ hw` i³cÖevnB nq †eu‡P _vKvi Avmj K_v, Z‡e ej‡Z wØav †bB, GKwU †`‡k we‡kl K‡i evsjv‡`‡k cvwbcÖevnB n‡”Q †eu‡P _vKvi Avmj K_v| evsjv‡`k ﮋ †gŠmy‡g 80% cvwb cvq eªþcyÎ †_‡K| Avi †mB eªþcy‡Îi cvwbB hw` me mwi‡q †bqv nq, Z‡e evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’v †Kv_vq `uvov‡e Zv mn‡RB Aby‡gq| fvi‡Zi Avš—tb`x ms‡hvM cÖKí dviv°v euva, wUcvBgyL euvamn mKj cÖKvi euva I cÖKí Avš—R©vwZK b`x-cvwb, cwi‡ek msµvš— †njwmswK bxwZgvjv (1996), 1972-Gi World heritage, 1992-Gi Bio-diversity I 1997-Gi cvwbcÖevn K‡bfbkbmn me Kb‡fbk‡bi my úó jsNb| 1997 mv‡j RvwZms‡N M„nxZ Avš—R©vwZK cvwbcÖevn Kb‡fbk‡bi 7(1) Aby‡”Q‡`i cÖwZwU †`k Avš—R©vwZK cvwb e¨env‡ii mgq cvk¦©eZx© AeevwnKvq Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki hv‡Z eo ai‡bi ¶wZ bv nq †mRb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡e GiI my¯úó jsNb| GQvovI Rxe‰ewPΨ I RjR cÖvYxi Avevmf‚wgi ¶wZ Ges UNESC KZ©„K †NvwlZ wek¦HwZn¨ (Global Heritage) we‡k¦i me©e„nr g¨vb‡MÖvf ebvÂj my›`ie‡bi webvk- GmeI Avš—R©vwZK wewfbœ K‡bfbk‡b M„nxZ weav‡bi jsNb| miKv‡ii Kv‡Q Avgv‡`i AvnŸvb (United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) UNESCOÕi Kv‡Q mivmwi AvcwË Rvbv‡bvi cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡¶c MÖn‡Yi Rb¨| G cÖ‡R± †h‡nZz Avgv‡`i cwi‡e‡ki ¶wZ Ki‡e Ges Rxe‰ewPΨ aŸsm Ki‡e ZvB The Convention on Biological Diversities-1992 (Enterd into Force December 29, 2003) †gvZv‡eK UNOÕi mvnvh¨ I ga¨ ’Zv PvIqvi AwaKvi Avgv‡`i Av‡Q| fviZ I evsjv‡`kmn RvwZmsNfz³ cÖvq me †`kB Kb‡fbk‡b ¯^v¶iKvix| myZivs wek¦ RbgZ M‡o Zz‡j mswk −ó †`k¸‡jvi gv‡S cvi¯úwiK mn‡hvwMZvi cwi‡ek M‡o †Zvjv m¤¢e| D‡j−L¨, Avgv‡`i my›`ieb GLb Iqvì© †nwi‡UR mvBU| ZvB my›`ieb euvPv‡bvi Rb¨ UNOÕi Kv‡Q Av‡e`b Rvbv‡Z n‡e| dviv°v euv‡ai d‡j c„w_exi me©e„nr g¨vb‡MÖvf d‡i÷ (my›`ieb) AvR aŸs‡mi c‡_Ñ G ev¯—eZvwU wek¦evmxi Kv‡Q mwVKfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e| Avš—tb`x ms‡hvM cÖKí ev¯—evwqZ n‡j wek¦ HwZn¨ µgvš^‡q wbwðý n‡q hv‡e, Zv‡Z †Kv‡bv m‡›`n †bB| World Heritage Convention 1972 (The UNESCO Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and National Heritage, November 1972)

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b`x 90

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