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Cycles of Matter What Molecules do Organisms Need? How do Organisms Get Those Molecules?

Cycles of Matter What Molecules do Organisms Need? How do Organisms Get Those Molecules?

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Page 1: Cycles of Matter What Molecules do Organisms Need? How do Organisms Get Those Molecules?

Cycles of Matter

What Molecules do Organisms Need?

How do Organisms Get Those Molecules?

Page 2: Cycles of Matter What Molecules do Organisms Need? How do Organisms Get Those Molecules?

Cycling of MATTER in Ecosystems Organisms need energy AND matter to

survive

Ex: molecules to build bones, muscle, fat While energy flows in one direction,

matter recycles in ecosystems The most important molecules that

recycle are water, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and oxygen

Page 3: Cycles of Matter What Molecules do Organisms Need? How do Organisms Get Those Molecules?

The Water Cycle

Water is necessary for organisms to maintain an internal balance and to transport molecules like sugars and enzymes

Water is a renewable resource that we access through a water shed

Water shed = area of land that catches rain and snow and drains or seeps into a marsh, stream, river, lake or groundwater

Page 4: Cycles of Matter What Molecules do Organisms Need? How do Organisms Get Those Molecules?

The Water Cycle

Transpiration

Evaporation

Precipitation

Condensation

Runoff

Page 5: Cycles of Matter What Molecules do Organisms Need? How do Organisms Get Those Molecules?

The Carbon Cycle

Required for all living organisms on earth Needed to make DNA, proteins, fats,

sugars In nature, found as CO2 (gas) and many

solids (in alive and dead organisms) Photosynthesis and respiration are key

processes to keeping the cycle going

Page 6: Cycles of Matter What Molecules do Organisms Need? How do Organisms Get Those Molecules?

Photosynthesis and RespirationPhotosynthesis (by plants)

CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O2

Respiration (by most organisms)

C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O

Carbondioxide Water Sugar Oxygen

sunlight

Carbondioxide WaterSugar Oxygen

Page 7: Cycles of Matter What Molecules do Organisms Need? How do Organisms Get Those Molecules?

Photosynthesis and Respiration

Matter CYCLES back and forth between photosynthesis and respiration.

This is where oxygen is recycled, too!

Page 8: Cycles of Matter What Molecules do Organisms Need? How do Organisms Get Those Molecules?

The Carbon Cycle

Page 9: Cycles of Matter What Molecules do Organisms Need? How do Organisms Get Those Molecules?

Nitrogen Cycle

Nitrogen is a key component of proteins and DNA

Nitrogen is present as gas in the atmosphere (N2), and must be turned into a solid (NH3, NH4) by bacteria for plants to use it

Fixing gas into solid = nitrogen fixation Changing solid back into gas = denitrification

Page 10: Cycles of Matter What Molecules do Organisms Need? How do Organisms Get Those Molecules?

Nitrogen Cycle

Page 11: Cycles of Matter What Molecules do Organisms Need? How do Organisms Get Those Molecules?

The Phosphorus Cycle

Phosphorus is an important building block of DNA; all living things must have phosphorus

Phosphorus is found in rocks, and enters food webs when plants take up phosphorus found in soil

Page 12: Cycles of Matter What Molecules do Organisms Need? How do Organisms Get Those Molecules?

Phosphorus Cycle

Page 13: Cycles of Matter What Molecules do Organisms Need? How do Organisms Get Those Molecules?

Water and pH

Water has a pH of 7 pH is a scale which determines how acidic or

basic a substance is Below 7 = acid Above 7 = base

Page 14: Cycles of Matter What Molecules do Organisms Need? How do Organisms Get Those Molecules?

pH Scale

Page 15: Cycles of Matter What Molecules do Organisms Need? How do Organisms Get Those Molecules?

The pH Scale

Water can split into equal numbers of OH- and H+ ions

The pH scale compares everything to water Acidic substances (pH under 7) have more

H+ ions than OH- ions Basic substances (pH above 7) have more

OH- ions than H+ ions

Page 16: Cycles of Matter What Molecules do Organisms Need? How do Organisms Get Those Molecules?

Homework Sec. 3.3, 4.1 and 4.2 (BP, NG, get/don’t get for

each section)

Bring warm clothes and shoes that can get dirty we will be walking to the pond on Wednesday/Thursday and Friday

Mini- Quiz on Wednesday/Thursday Levels of organization (individual to biosphere) Trophic levels (energy flow) Difference between food chain and a food web


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