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Basalt Milkvetch and Globemallows: North American Forbs for Rehabilitation, Conservation, and Forage Production. D.A. Johnson, T.A. Jones, J.H. Cane, D.R. Gardner, and M.D. Peel. Great Basin Native Plant Selection and Increase Project. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Basalt Milkvetch and Globemallows: North American Forbs for Rehabilitation,
Conservation, and Forage Production
D.A. Johnson, T.A. Jones, J.H. Cane, D.R. Gardner, and M.D. Peel
Great Basin Native Plant Selection and Increase Project
Goal: Increase native plant materials available for restoration of disturbed rangelands
Basalt Milkvetch
Munroe Globemallow
Scarlet Globemallow
Basalt Milkvetch - Astragalus filipes
* Widely spread * Upright habit * Nitrogen fixer
* Creamy, showy flower * Good seed production * No reports of toxicity
Seed Collection for Basalt Milkvetch
• Obtained location information from herbarium specimens
• Mapped specimen sites for collection
• Collected seed, forage, root nodules, and soil from each site
Passport Data for Each Collection
• Taxonomic identification
• Location to nearest town
• Latitude, longitude, elevation
• Site exposure, slope
• Site physical characteristics
• Associated vegetation
• Other notes
83 Seed and Forage Collections of Basalt Milkvetch from Six-State Area and BC
Basalt Milkvetch Collections
Warrior Mine Gabbs, NV Champs Flat
Susanville, CA
Illipah Canyon, NV
Occurs on Wide Diversity of Sites
Nevada
California
Oregon
Good Seed Producer
Oregon
Does Well in Burned Areas
Nevada
Clarno, ORBurns, OR
Competitive With Cheatgrass
Collection of Root Nodules and Soil for Isolation of Rhizobium
Digging Nodules Individual Nodules
No detectable levels or extremely low levels
• Nitro-toxins
• Selenium
• Swainsonine
Toxicity to Livestock and Wildlife (Poisonous Plant Research Lab, Logan)
Analyzed Forage Samples for:
Challenges: Basalt Milkvetch
• Slow, extended germination
• Poor seedling vigor
• Seed predation (true weevils, seed beetles)
Selection for Improved Seedling Vigor
Establish Common Garden Nurseries at Logan and Millville
* Ecotypic variation * Genetic Diversity
Other Possible Selection Characteristics
* Plant vigor
* Forage yield
* Competitive interactions
* Grazing tolerance
* Persistence
* Seed yield
Ongoing Studies with Jim Cane
Pollination
Seed Predation
Globemallow Characteristics
Scarlet Globemallow (Sphaeralcea coccinea)– Prostrate habit– Rhizomatous – Leaves deeply lobed
Both are drought tolerant
Munroe Globemallow (S. munroana) – Upright habit– Non-spreading– Leaves more ovate
Scarlet Globemallow
* Selected from ARS-2936 (germplasm release)
Munroe Globemallow
* Selected from ARS-2892 (germplasm release)
* Additional collections from:
Box Elder County, Utah
Wasatch County, Utah
Coconino County, Arizona
Origin of Germplasm
Scarlet Globemallow Improvement
Selection for:
* Seed production
* Seedling vigor
* Whole plant vigor
* Persistence• Rhizome development (up to 1 m/yr)
Two populations:
* Rangelands
* Ornamental use (extended flowering)
* Similar strategy with Munroe Globemallow
Great Basin Native Plant Selection and Increase Project
Acknowledgements
Typical Breeding Scheme for Cross-Pollinated Crops
Germplasm assembled and planted. No evaluation year of establishment.
Material is evaluated for traits, 1-5 years, typically 2 years.
Selected plants crossed to produce seed. Crossing in the field requires an extra year.
Seed evaluated for germination and seedling vigor.
Plants established in the field.
Process repeated three or four times to develop cultivar.