Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils, Vol. 35, No. 5, 1999

C H E M M O T O L O G Y

DAKS-D DEPRESSANT ADDITIVE FOR DIESEL FUELS

A. A. Abrosimov, Z. M. Pishchaeva, V. A. Vinokurov, S. T. Bashkatova, and T. P. Vishnyakova UDC 665.733.035

The most common method of improving the low-temperature properties of diesel fuels (DF) is to add depressant additives [1 - 3]. Depressants appeared on the world market in the 1970s, manufactured by such f irms as Exxon, Shell, BASF, Clariant, etc. Russian depressant additives are unfortunately still not used consistently despite the fact that some of them, VES and PDP, for example, have been widely tested, confirming their high eff iciency [4, 5]. A new polymeric depressant addit ive, DAKS-D (TU 0257-007-02066612--98), was developed at the I. M. Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas and is being manufactured by EMI Limited Partnership (Moscow).

The eff ic iency of this additive was assessed based on the decrease in the solid t s, cloud t c points , and the m a x i m u m fi l terabil i ty tempera ture tf of diesel fuels (Table 1) developed at the Moscow Ref inery Open Joint

S tock Company.

All of the i n v e s t i g a t e d fue ls e x c e p t fo r 11 and I2 are s u m m e r fuels c o r r e s p o n d i n g to brand S

< - 5 ~ and t < - 1 0 ~ However, for fuels 6 - 9, these indexes are limiting. (GOST 305- -82) , i.e., they have t c s

The other fuels, a l though they have a s ignif icant rese rve with respect to t c and t s , cannot be cons idered winter

TABLE 1

Diese l fue l , D i s t i l l a t i o n , ~ Su l fur con ten t , s ample I B P I 10% I 50% I 90% ] EP wt. % to, ~ t,, ~ tf, ~

1 154 174 210 298 330 0.03 -16 -32 -16

2 152 170 201 284 318 0.03 -21 -38 -20

3 156 180 232 313 335 0.03 -13 -16 -13

4 155 174 225 312 337 0.02 -13 -20 -13

5 165 189 249 323 343 0.03 -11 -20 -11

6 190 219 267 329 350 0.05 -6 -14 -5

7 201 228 270 332 353 0.10 -6 -12 -3

8 201 232 272 332 351 0.10 -5 -10 -4

9 200 229 270 328 348 0.10 -5 -12 -6

10 157 176 231 316 339 0.01 -9 -22 -10

11 221 250 285 344 360 0.10 -3 -8 -3

12 234 252 288 343 360 0.10 0 - 6 0

Note. G O S T

Here tc was d e t e r m i n e d a c c o r d i n g to G O S T 5 0 6 6 - - 9 1 , t~ was d e t e r m i n e d a c c o r d i n g to

2 0 2 8 7 - - 9 1 , and tf was d e t e r m i n e d a c c o r d i n g to G O S T 2 2 2 5 4 - - 9 1 .

Moscow Ref inery Open Joint-Stock Company , I. M. Gubkin Russian State Univers i ty of Oil and Gas.

Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 28 - 29 , September - October , 1999.

300 0009-3092/99/3505-0300522.00 �9 1999 Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers

TABLE 2

C o n c e n t r a t i o n of D A K S - D

add i t ive , wt. %

C o n c e n t r a t i o n to, Ate, Ats, tf, Ate, o f D A K S - D to, Ate, ts, Ats,

ts, ~ ~ ~ ~ deg oC deg deg add i t i ve , deg deg wt. %

tf, Atf, ~ deg

F u e l 1 0.10 -5 0 -21 -9 -11 -5

0.05 -16 0 -42 -10 -32 -16 0.15 -5 0 -25 -13 -19 -9

Fue l 2 Fuel 10

0.05 -21 0 -53 -15 -32 -12 0.025 -9 0 -26 -4 -15 -5

Fue l 3 0.05 -9 0 -37 -15 -25 -15

0.05 -13 0 -31 -15 -21 -8 Fuel 11

F u e l 4 0.025 -3 0 -12 -4 -8 -5

0.05 - 13 0 -35 - 15 -26 - 13 0.05 -3 0 - 14 -6 -8 -5

Fue l 5 Fue l 12

0.05 - 11 0 -30 - 10 - 17 -6 0.025 0 0 -8 -2 -3 -3

Fue l 9 0.05 0 0 -12 -6 -5 -5

0.05 -5 0 -17 -5 -8 -2

< - 2 5 ~ t < - 3 5 ~ fuels since they do not meet the requirements o f GOST 305- -82 for brand W DF: t c s

Judging by the dependence of the low- tempera ture character is t ics of DF on its concentra t ion (Table 2),

DAKS-D additive is e f fec t ive in almost all o f the fuels investigated, and the efficiency of the addi t ive is higher

the lower the t c, t s, and tf of the starting fuel. As a funct ion o f the quali ty of the s tar t ing fuel, different brands of winter DF can be obta ined with

DAKS-D additive:

�9 based on fuels 3 and 5 with 0.05 wt. % additive - brand D Z p (TU 38.101.889--91) with t < -30~ S

and tf_< - 1 5 ~

�9 based on fuels 1, 2, and 4 with 0.05 wt. % additive - - environmental ly clean city fuel, brand DEKp-3 -25

(TU 38 .401 -58 -170- -96 ) with t s < - 3 5 ~ and tf = -25~

�9 based on fue l s 9 and 10 with 0.15 and 0.025 wt. % add i t ive , r e spec t ive ly - b rand D E K p - 3 - 1 5

(TU 38 .401-58 -170- -96 ) with t s _< - 2 5 ~ and tf = -15~

�9 based on nons tandard fuels 11 and 12 (savings of kerosene cuts in their product ion are 10 - 15%)

with 0 . 0 2 5 or 0 .05 wt .% a d d i t i v e - - s t a n d a r d e n v i r o n m e n t a l l y c l e a n s u m m e r c i t y D E K - S

(TU 38 .401-58 -170- -96 ) with t s < - 1 0 ~ and tf = -5~

Production o f these fuels has begun at the Moscow Refinery Open Joint-Stock Company.

REFERENCES

1.

2.

3.

R. A. Ter teryan, Depressant Additives to Crude Oils, Fuels, and Lube Oils [in Russian], Khimiya , Moscow

(1990). S. T. Bashka tova , Additives for Diesel Fuels [in Russian], Khimiya, Moscow (1994). A. M. Danilov, Additives and Fillers. Improvement of the Environmental Characteristics of Petroleum

Fuels [in Russ ian] , Khimiya, Moscow (1996).

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