Dark Energy, Cosmological CPT Violation and Baryo/Leptogenesis

Xinmin ZhangInstitute of high energy physics

1) Brief review on the dark energy study;2) Interacting dark energy and cosmological CPT violation: 3) Baryo/Leptogenesis and CMB polarization4) Quintessino dark matter

Outline

Lorentz and CPT violation: Theory: models and speculations; Evidence: none in particle physics experiments cosmology, expanding universe no antimatter (CPT violation or not)

Interacting Dark Energy====Quintessential Baryo/Leptogenesis (cosmological CPT violation) ======== Axion-like coupling Q F_\mu\nu \tilde F^\munu ===== CMB polarization = Susying, Quintessino (DM) a model for dark energy, dark matter and baryon matter

Dark Energy: Negative pressure:)3(

3

4/ p

Gaa

0a 3/1/ 03 pwp

* Smoothly distributed, (almost ) not clusteringCandidates:I Cosmological constant (or vacuum Energy)

g

GT

8

1/ pw

12010~/ obth

cosmological constant problem!

II Dynamical Field: Quintessence, Phantom, Quintom….)(

2

1QVQQL

VQpVQ QQ 22

2

1,

2

1

11 Qw

I) Parameterization of equation of state: A) w=w_0+w_1 z (for small z)B) w=w_0+w_1 z / (1+z) (used mostly in the literature)C) w=w_0+w_1 sin(w_2 ln(a)+w_3)

Equation of state w=p/ρ: characterize the properties of the dark energy models

* Vacuum : w=-1 * Quintessence: * Phantom: w<-1 * Quintom: w across -1

Important determining the equation of state of dark energy with cosmological observations

1w

CosmologicalParameters:

II) II) Global analysis with current astronomical observational data: SN (Union2.1, SNLS3) LSS (SDSS), CMB(WMAP, …) And CAMB/CosmoMC

However, difficulty with the dark energy perturbation when w across -1 ========== divergent

,,, 0 ,01 ww

No-Go Theorem:For theory of dark energy (DE) in the 4D Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) universe described by a single perfect fluid or a single scalar field with a lagrangian of , which minimally couples to Einstein Gravity, its equation of state w cannot cross over the cosmological constant boundary.

Examples of Quintom models:

1) Two scalar fields:

2) Single scalar with high derivatives:

3) Modified Born-Infeld action:

Perturbation of DE is continuous during crossing!

Here δ and θ are the density perturbation and the divergence of the fluid velocity respectively

Zhao et.al Phys.Rev.D 72,123515,2005

Perturbation with Quintom dark energy

I. Quintessence – like perturbation

II. Phantom – like perturbation

III. Quintom-based perturbation

Our strategy to handle perturbations when w crosses -1

Zhao et.al Phys.Rev.D 72,123515,2005;M. Li, Y. Cai, H. Li, R. Brandenberger, X. Zhang, e-Print: arXiv:1008.1684 

Constraints on dark energy with SN Ia + SDSS + WMAP-1

Observing dark energy dynamics with supernova, microwave background and galaxy clustering

Jun-Qing Xia, Gong-Bo Zhao, Bo Feng, Hong Li and Xinmin Zhang Phys.Rev.D73, 063521, 2006

Current status in determining the EoS of dark energy

Gongbo Zhao and Xinmin Zhang

Phys.Rev.D81:043518,2010 WMAP7 E. Komatsu et al. e-Print: arXiv:1001.4538

1) Current data has constrained a lot of the models; 2) Cosmological constant is consistent with the data; 3） dynamical models are not ruled out; quintom mildly favored ； 4) Need more data to get w_0, w_a with error around O(1 %).

SNLS3 ，e-Print:arXiv:1104.1444 

Interacting Dark Energy (Quintessence …)

* Direct coupling with ordinary matter

strongly constrained by the long-range force limits

* Interaction with derivative

Goldstone theorem: Spin-dependent force == cosmological CPT violation, a unified model of DE and Baryo(Lepto)genesis: Quintessential Baryo/Leptogenesis

M.Li, X.Wang, B.Feng, X. Zhang PRD65,103511 (2002) De Felice, Nasri, Trodden, PRD67:043509(2003) M.Li & X. Zhang, PLB573,20 (2003)

BJ

M

QcL

intIn thermo equilibrium

Quintessential Baryo/Leptogenesis

M

TQgc

TO

T

Tg

dEmEEg

nn

bbbb

TETEm

bbbB bb

6])([

6

][)(2

n

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]/)exp[(11

2/122

2

32

45

2Tgs

MTg

Qgcsn b

B

24

15/

Cohen & Kaplan

The value of depends on the model of Quintessence

Cosmological CPT violation!

Leptogenesis Anomaly for CMB

Cosmological CPT violation: predicting <TB> and <EB>

Bo Feng, Hong Li, Mingzhe Li and Xinmin ZhangPhys. Lett. B 620, 27 (2005);

Bo Feng, Mingzhe Li , Jun-Qing Xia, Xuelei Chen and Xinmin Zhang

Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 221302 (2006)

( )Q f R Hong Li et al

Current status on the measurements of the rotation angle

\delta\alpha=-2.33 \pm 0.72 With WMAP7+B03+BICEP

\delta\alpha= -0.04 \pm 0.37 deg with WMAP7+B03+BICEP+QUaD

Interacting DE, Cosmological CPT violation and CMB test

Baryo/Leptogenesis

CMB polarization and CPT test

Anomaly Equation

Cosmological CPT violation: strength ~ O( H ), unobservable in the laborary experiments CMB: travelling around O(1/H), so accumulated effect ~ O(1) observable !

Relevant papers

1 ） Probing CPT Violation with CMB Polarization Measurements.Jun-Qing Xia, Hong Li, Xinmin Zhang, e-Print: arXiv:0908.1876

2 ） Testing CPT Symmetry with CMB Measurements: Update after WMAP5.Jun-Qing Xia, Hong Li, Gong-Bo Zhao, Xinmin Zhang,

Astrophys.J.679:L61,2008 3 ） Testing CPT Symmetry with CMB Measurements.

Jun-Qing Xia, Hong Li, Xiu-lian Wang, Xin-min Zhang, Astron.Astrophys.483:715-718,2008 4 ） Cosmological CPT violation, baryo/leptogenesis and CMB polarization.

Mingzhe Li, Jun-Qing Xia,, Hong Li, Xinmin Zhang, Phys.Lett.B651:357-362,2007 5 ） Searching for CPT Violation with Cosmic Microwave Background Data from WMA

P and BOOMERANG.Bo Feng,, Mingzhe Li,, Jun-Qing Xia, Xuelei Chen,, Xinmin Zhang

Phys.Rev.Lett.96:221302,2006. 6 ） Testing the Lorentz and CPT Symmetry with CMB polarizations and a non-relativi

stic Maxwell Theory.Yi-Fu Cai, Mingzhe Li, Xinmin Zhang, JCAP 1001:017,2010.

7 ） $CPT$ Violating Electrodynamics and Chern-Simons Modified Gravity.Mingzhe Li, Yi-Fu Cai, Xiulian Wang, Xinmin Zhang, Phys.Lett.B680:118-124,2009

8 ） Cosmological CPT violating effect on CMB polarization.Mingzhe Li, Xinmin Zhang, Phys.Rev.D78:103516,2008.

Sources of the CMB polarization for the B-mode:i)Tensor perturbation;ii)CPT violating effect;iii)Lensing…….

Quintessino As Dark Matter•If susying the Quintessence: Quintessence: Q Squintessence: σq

Quintessino:

Similar to : Axion, Saxion, Axino Majoron, Smajoron, Majorino

•If is lighter than , could serve as Dark matter

•Susying the following interaction (H: SU(2) doublet)

gives

gives

* Prediction: long-lived charged particle:

(R. Mohapatra and Zhang)

(X. Bi, M. Liand Zhang)

Summary

1) Current status on constraints on dark energy:

a) Cosmological constant fits data well; b) Dynamical model not ruled out;

2) Interacting DE with derivative couplings ==== cosmological CPT violation =====Quintessential Baryo/Leptogenesis

3) Cosmological CPT violation tested with CMB CMB photon travelling over the distance around the observed universe, provides the most sensitive test to CPT! (anomalous Axion string effect ?)