Dark Energy, Cosmological CPT Violation and Baryo/Leptogenesis
Xinmin ZhangInstitute of high energy physics
1) Brief review on the dark energy study;2) Interacting dark energy and cosmological CPT violation: 3) Baryo/Leptogenesis and CMB polarization4) Quintessino dark matter
Outline
Lorentz and CPT violation: Theory: models and speculations; Evidence: none in particle physics experiments cosmology, expanding universe no antimatter (CPT violation or not)
Interacting Dark Energy====Quintessential Baryo/Leptogenesis (cosmological CPT violation) ======== Axion-like coupling Q F_\mu\nu \tilde F^\munu ===== CMB polarization = Susying, Quintessino (DM) a model for dark energy, dark matter and baryon matter
Dark Energy: Negative pressure:)3(
3
4/ p
Gaa
0a 3/1/ 03 pwp
* Smoothly distributed, (almost ) not clusteringCandidates:I Cosmological constant (or vacuum Energy)
g
GT
8
1/ pw
12010~/ obth
cosmological constant problem!
II Dynamical Field: Quintessence, Phantom, Quintom….)(
2
1QVQQL
VQpVQ QQ 22
2
1,
2
1
11 Qw
I) Parameterization of equation of state: A) w=w_0+w_1 z (for small z)B) w=w_0+w_1 z / (1+z) (used mostly in the literature)C) w=w_0+w_1 sin(w_2 ln(a)+w_3)
Equation of state w=p/ρ: characterize the properties of the dark energy models
* Vacuum : w=-1 * Quintessence: * Phantom: w<-1 * Quintom: w across -1
Important determining the equation of state of dark energy with cosmological observations
1w
CosmologicalParameters:
II) II) Global analysis with current astronomical observational data: SN (Union2.1, SNLS3) LSS (SDSS), CMB(WMAP, …) And CAMB/CosmoMC
However, difficulty with the dark energy perturbation when w across -1 ========== divergent
,,, 0 ,01 ww
No-Go Theorem:For theory of dark energy (DE) in the 4D Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) universe described by a single perfect fluid or a single scalar field with a lagrangian of , which minimally couples to Einstein Gravity, its equation of state w cannot cross over the cosmological constant boundary.
Examples of Quintom models:
1) Two scalar fields:
2) Single scalar with high derivatives:
3) Modified Born-Infeld action:
Perturbation of DE is continuous during crossing!
Here δ and θ are the density perturbation and the divergence of the fluid velocity respectively
Zhao et.al Phys.Rev.D 72,123515,2005
Perturbation with Quintom dark energy
I. Quintessence – like perturbation
II. Phantom – like perturbation
III. Quintom-based perturbation
Our strategy to handle perturbations when w crosses -1
Zhao et.al Phys.Rev.D 72,123515,2005;M. Li, Y. Cai, H. Li, R. Brandenberger, X. Zhang, e-Print: arXiv:1008.1684
Constraints on dark energy with SN Ia + SDSS + WMAP-1
Observing dark energy dynamics with supernova, microwave background and galaxy clustering
Jun-Qing Xia, Gong-Bo Zhao, Bo Feng, Hong Li and Xinmin Zhang Phys.Rev.D73, 063521, 2006
Current status in determining the EoS of dark energy
Gongbo Zhao and Xinmin Zhang
Phys.Rev.D81:043518,2010 WMAP7 E. Komatsu et al. e-Print: arXiv:1001.4538
1) Current data has constrained a lot of the models; 2) Cosmological constant is consistent with the data; 3） dynamical models are not ruled out; quintom mildly favored ； 4) Need more data to get w_0, w_a with error around O(1 %).
SNLS3 ，e-Print:arXiv:1104.1444
Interacting Dark Energy (Quintessence …)
* Direct coupling with ordinary matter
strongly constrained by the long-range force limits
* Interaction with derivative
Goldstone theorem: Spin-dependent force == cosmological CPT violation, a unified model of DE and Baryo(Lepto)genesis: Quintessential Baryo/Leptogenesis
M.Li, X.Wang, B.Feng, X. Zhang PRD65,103511 (2002) De Felice, Nasri, Trodden, PRD67:043509(2003) M.Li & X. Zhang, PLB573,20 (2003)
BJ
M
QcL
intIn thermo equilibrium
Quintessential Baryo/Leptogenesis
M
TQgc
TO
T
Tg
dEmEEg
nn
bbbb
TETEm
bbbB bb
6])([
6
][)(2
n
23
3
]/)exp[(11
]/)exp[(11
2/122
2
32
45
2Tgs
MTg
Qgcsn b
B
24
15/
Cohen & Kaplan
The value of depends on the model of Quintessence
Cosmological CPT violation!
Leptogenesis Anomaly for CMB
Cosmological CPT violation: predicting <TB> and <EB>
Bo Feng, Hong Li, Mingzhe Li and Xinmin ZhangPhys. Lett. B 620, 27 (2005);
Bo Feng, Mingzhe Li , Jun-Qing Xia, Xuelei Chen and Xinmin Zhang
Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 221302 (2006)
( )Q f R Hong Li et al
Current status on the measurements of the rotation angle
\delta\alpha=-2.33 \pm 0.72 With WMAP7+B03+BICEP
\delta\alpha= -0.04 \pm 0.37 deg with WMAP7+B03+BICEP+QUaD
Interacting DE, Cosmological CPT violation and CMB test
Baryo/Leptogenesis
CMB polarization and CPT test
Anomaly Equation
Cosmological CPT violation: strength ~ O( H ), unobservable in the laborary experiments CMB: travelling around O(1/H), so accumulated effect ~ O(1) observable !
Relevant papers
1 ） Probing CPT Violation with CMB Polarization Measurements.Jun-Qing Xia, Hong Li, Xinmin Zhang, e-Print: arXiv:0908.1876
2 ） Testing CPT Symmetry with CMB Measurements: Update after WMAP5.Jun-Qing Xia, Hong Li, Gong-Bo Zhao, Xinmin Zhang,
Astrophys.J.679:L61,2008 3 ） Testing CPT Symmetry with CMB Measurements.
Jun-Qing Xia, Hong Li, Xiu-lian Wang, Xin-min Zhang, Astron.Astrophys.483:715-718,2008 4 ） Cosmological CPT violation, baryo/leptogenesis and CMB polarization.
Mingzhe Li, Jun-Qing Xia,, Hong Li, Xinmin Zhang, Phys.Lett.B651:357-362,2007 5 ） Searching for CPT Violation with Cosmic Microwave Background Data from WMA
P and BOOMERANG.Bo Feng,, Mingzhe Li,, Jun-Qing Xia, Xuelei Chen,, Xinmin Zhang
Phys.Rev.Lett.96:221302,2006. 6 ） Testing the Lorentz and CPT Symmetry with CMB polarizations and a non-relativi
stic Maxwell Theory.Yi-Fu Cai, Mingzhe Li, Xinmin Zhang, JCAP 1001:017,2010.
7 ） $CPT$ Violating Electrodynamics and Chern-Simons Modified Gravity.Mingzhe Li, Yi-Fu Cai, Xiulian Wang, Xinmin Zhang, Phys.Lett.B680:118-124,2009
8 ） Cosmological CPT violating effect on CMB polarization.Mingzhe Li, Xinmin Zhang, Phys.Rev.D78:103516,2008.
Sources of the CMB polarization for the B-mode:i)Tensor perturbation;ii)CPT violating effect;iii)Lensing…….
Quintessino As Dark Matter•If susying the Quintessence: Quintessence: Q Squintessence: σq
Quintessino:
Similar to : Axion, Saxion, Axino Majoron, Smajoron, Majorino
•If is lighter than , could serve as Dark matter
•Susying the following interaction (H: SU(2) doublet)
gives
gives
* Prediction: long-lived charged particle:
(R. Mohapatra and Zhang)
(X. Bi, M. Liand Zhang)
Summary
1) Current status on constraints on dark energy:
a) Cosmological constant fits data well; b) Dynamical model not ruled out;
2) Interacting DE with derivative couplings ==== cosmological CPT violation =====Quintessential Baryo/Leptogenesis
3) Cosmological CPT violation tested with CMB CMB photon travelling over the distance around the observed universe, provides the most sensitive test to CPT! (anomalous Axion string effect ?)
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