6.0 Power Consumption 6.1 Mechanical and Electrical System
Mechanical SystemAs for the mechanical system in the Data Center,
the mechanical system can be divided into four (4) major mechanical
systems, which is; Airflow Management, Air Handler Systems,
Humidification, Plant Optimization. 6.1.1 Mechanical Airflow
ManagementThe main goal of this unit is to maintain the efficiency
and the effectiveness of the data center conditioning system.
Whereas, the conditioning systems are influenced by the path,
temperature and the quantity of cooling air delivered to the IT
equipment and waste of hot air removed from the equipment.
Therefore in our data center, we are focusing in ensuring that the
airflow/ the ventilation of the air in our data center are flowing
effectively. These are done by using Hot Aisle/ Cold Aisle
strategies and combining it with Rigid Enclosures strategy and
Flexible Strip Curtains strategy. Hot Aisle/ Cold Aisle StrategyIs
a strategy where we will arrange the IT equipment so that all heat
is exhaust into hot aisles, and all air intakes dram from cool
aisles. Cold air will be supplied into the cold aisle, in return of
air that are being drawn directly from the hot aisle. Diagram/Chart
below shows how the hot aisle/ cold aisle strategy will work.
Diagram
Rigid Enclosures Strategy Meanwhile, as for the rigid enclosures
strategy, the heat rejected from the rear of IT equipment from the
cool air intakes on the front willfully separate. This is the main
purpose of this strategy.
Flexible Strip Curtains Strategy These strategy are function by
arrange the IT equipment racks according to the needs of the Hot
Aisle/ Cold Aisle strategy. This will allow the process of forming
hot aisle and cold aisles can be done. Flexible strip curtains will
help to improve the separation by blocking open space above the
racks. The combination of this (3) three strategy will ensure that
the Airflow management of the data center are fully utilize and
function accordingly in order to make sure that the IT equipment
will fully protect from the change of temperature. Hence, it will
also help to reduce the usage of electricity inside the data
center. 6.1.2 Air Handler SystemsThe main function of this system
is to minimize fan power requirement. This is because; these
systems used or need huge amount of energy from the mechanical
systems. The different between these systems with the Airflow
management systems is, these systems are focusing in cooling down
the whole building meanwhile, airflow management are focusing in
cooling down the IT equipment. This is because, for example in
Malaysia. The climate of our whether sometimes too hot, and it can
cause the temperature inside the building increase. Therefore, it
is the job for this systems to ensure that the temperature of the
building itself are in control. Therefore, as the Air Handler
System in our data center, we are planning to use Centralized Air
Handling concept. The centralized systems will use larger motors
and fans, hence it will result more efficient in air handling
systems if compared to traditional multiple distributed unit
systems. This is because, traditional multiple distributed unit
systems will require the data center to use lot more equipment,
where different room need to have different air flow systems
equipment, and this will cause a huge amount of capital will be
needed to be spent in order to have all the equipment and maintain
it. Meanwhile, the centralized air handling systems, a single motor
and fan but large and able to cover the whole building. In term of
maintaining fees, this will help our data center to save more
capital. Below are the examples of the air handling system process
in our data center will work:
DiagramThat is why, the design of our data center are built as
shown in (4.0 Data Center Design). This is because; the design will
ensure that the air flow of our data center will be compatible with
the centralized air handling systems that we use. 6.1.3
Humidification These systems are used to maintain the humidity
inside the data center. This is because, it is important in order
to ensure the safety of the equipment inside the data center.
Besides, this system also helps in avoiding energy waste by
following a careful and more specific design to these
intensive-systems. As for our data center, we are using Control
Humidity with Dedicated Outdoor Air Unit Strategy. This strategy is
suitable with our Air Handler System and our Air Management system,
where this strategy required a centralized air handler ventilation
system. This is because, by using this strategy, it will allow us
to control humidity with single ventilation air handler. The result
of this strategy is, we can eliminate the humidification and
dehumidification inside our datacenter simultaneously. Hence, it
helps us to save more capital because, the humidification system
are sharing with the air handling systems. Diagram below shows how
the Air Management System and the airflow handler system integrate
and corporate with the humidification system inside our data center
under a centralized ventilation system by using the Control
Humidity with Dedicated Outdoor Air Unit Strategy.
Diagram
6.1.4 Plant Optimization Plant optimization helps in ensuring
the increase of the efficiency in the data center by spending lower
capital. This is because; this system is the part where the data
center would fully utilizing the use of the equipment (Chiller) to
the point that the data center able to save more capital by using
or mixing the technology with the natural environment. For example,
as for the chilling system, the function of the chilling system is
to cooling down the data center environment. Therefore, they have
to use the chilling equipment/ machine. But, in order to ensure
that the chilling system are not using too much electric, and to
ensure that the chilling system become more effective, the chilling
system will work together with water. In order to save data center
from having to pay huge amount of money for water supply, they can
used water from rain. Where they store the water inside the
chiller. Therefore, the data center will be able to save capital in
paying too much for both water supply and power supply. Hence, for
our data center were planning to use a strategy where we will able
to save cost but the performance of our data center are in fully
perform, were planning to use a chilling system from Airedale
Product. Airedale is an air conditioning company where they are
producing high performance air conditioning system and equipment
for large scale used. Below are the products that were planning to
use, Centrifugal. The specifications of the product are also shared
below.
Diagram
Electrical SystemsUnder electrical systems, there are electrical
infrastructures which are used to provide power source towards the
data center. The main goal of these systems is to reduce the cost
of the power usage. But, in order to ensure that the data center
are succeed in reducing the amount of money that they have to pay
for power usage, a very careful plan need to be design and select.
Below are the examples of the electrical infrastructure that can be
used to help in reducing cost for power usage in data center and to
increase the efficiency of data center: Design UPS (Uninterruptable
Power Supply) systems for efficiency Select most efficient UPS
possible Use self-generation for large installation In our data
center, we are planning to utilize all the (3) three electrical
infrastructure that are listed above. This is to ensure that, the
performances of our data center are being used fully. Plus, from
the mechanical aspect that we are using inside our data center, it
allowed/ enables us to use the entire electrical infrastructure.
Not just because of the mechanical aspect, but also the design of
data center allowed us to use the (3) three electrical
infrastructures. Design UPS System for EfficiencyThe electrical
design gave a huge impact towards the load on the ultimate
efficiency achieved by the UPS. Therefore, in order to ensure that
the design of UPS that are use inside our data center are design
correct, we are putting the standards where the UPS Design must
Maximize Unit Loading. What is meant by Maximize Unit Loading is,
when using battery based UPS system; design the system to maximize
the load factor on operating UPSs. Select Most Efficient UPS
possibleAs for selecting the most efficient UPS, we are using a
method where we will evaluate the UPS technologies for most
efficient. This is because, through evaluation method. It will
enable us ensure and to identify the most suitable UPS system for
our data center. Besides, due to the advancement of technology and
the opening of lots of UPS Supplier Company, where most of them are
offering the high efficiencies with low maintenance costs, it is a
must for us to evaluate the UPS really well.
Self-Generation for Large Installation For large facilities, a
self-generation plant can be design to capture and utilize waste
heat. The results can be seen where from the self-generation plant;
it can achieve a high total efficiency as well as a great control
over power reliability and quality. Under plant optimization that
are shown above, the chilling system that we are using are the
chilling that are able to use/work together with water. This is
where the self-generation is being implemented. This is because,
from the heat that are being release from the evaporation of the
water inside the chiller, and from the heat that are generate by
the data center itself, it will enable us to produce electrical
power. The electrical powers that are being produce can be stored
to power-up the equipment and generator system inside the data
center. Therefore, this will help us to secure more capital
(save-cost).
6.2 Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP)Electromagnetic Pulse is a
situation where there is a sudden burst of high energy
electromagnetic radiation that can couple with electrical and
electronic systems to create damaging current and voltage surges.
The surges extremely fast rise time and excessively high voltage
can overwhelm and destroy data processing and storage systems. EMP
is generated by solar geometrics storms, high-altitude nuclear
explosions (HEMP), or by Non-Nuclear man-made pulse generating
devices (NNEMP). This energy can penetrate through wall as a
radiated pulse travelling in free-space or travel along conductive
pathways like incoming power lines and signal cabling. Because it
is dangerous for data center, where it can gave a huge or critical
damage towards data center. Therefore, it is important for us to
prepare to overcome or at least prepare a critical plan to overcome
or to faces this problem. Hence the result of this phenomenal, we
have prepared a few steps/ criteria where we will take in order to
overcome this problem in the future and to avoid from this kind of
phenomenon happen. Below are the steps/criteria that we take:
DistanceAnything portable will have a range limited to couple
feet. So the best things that we take are to place our data center
away from parking lots, roads and easy point of access. But, as for
the situation where the human aspects, we will ensure that everyone
that going in or out of our data center will be screening.
Shielding and FilteringMeanwhile, as for shielding and filtering,
we are well aware that by shielding everything inside our data
center will costs too much money/capital. Therefore, we will only
shielding and filtering the critical equipment and facility only.
This is because; the goal of shielding and filtering is to ensure
the critical system running. We will isolate the critical server in
shielded racks, along with filtering the power, communications and
ventilations access to those racks. That critical equipment will be
placed inside special rooms that are made from special metal alloy
panel, for example: mu-metal and nickel-iron alloy. The room can be
called as a faraday cage inside the data center. Yet as mention
above, EMP also can be generated from power line, therefore, in
order to block the EMP inside the special room, we will use a cable
with high-performance electromagnetic filters at the entry points.
Virtualize SystemsThis steps are applied in our data center
because; incase the EMP are not able to be blocked from effecting
the equipment inside our data center (physical data center). Than
the best ways for us to ensure that the data wont lose is to
provide virtualize systems in our data center. This is because,
even though the equipment might damage, the most important thing is
the operations of the data center must be proceed and operate
fully. Therefore, through virtual system, we can ensure that the
operation of our data center can be conduct.
7.0 Physical Environment and Security In order to ensure that
our data centers are well protected from both physical (covering
inside and outside data center) and digital threat, we have
provided a few checklist or criteria. Those criteria will cover up
all aspects of security inside and outside or our data center. 7.1
Site LocationFor our data center, we will place the facility at the
place where the probabilities of natural disaster are low. This
means, as we all know we cant avoid natural disaster from
happening. Therefore, the best thing that we can do is to at least
build our data center where the natural disaster might be occurring
but the disasters made are acceptable. Besides, we also are
considering building our data center at the place where the
possibility of man-made disaster low as well. This can be done by
build our data center away from airport, prison, stadiums and etc.
Not to forget, for our data center site location, we also
considering the infrastructure that are available at the site
location. For example, electric facility and water plant facility.
This is because, it is important for data center to have stable
electric power and water supply in order to operate efficiency. 7.2
Site PerimeterIn order to make sure that the perimeter surround our
data centers are well taken and protected, we will build fence
around our facility (all side). Besides, in order to enter our data
center building or perimeter, the users even the workers need to
pass through our security gate and show their staff ID and scan it
before they are able to enter our data center perimeter. The
surveillance outside our data center which means our site perimeter
will also be taken care and 24/7 by CCTV and security guard will
patrol around the data center. All the doors inside our data
center, even the docking site need to be access/ open using
authentication ID. Under physical environment and security, we also
will cover the threat that might be face by data center. Therefore,
we have prepared a few list of method that we take in order to
protect our data center. Diagram below shows a simple summary of
the physical threat that might be occurred:
Diagram7.3 Physical Threat Under physical threat, we are
focusing the physical threat towards the IT equipments. These
threats are distributed into a few general categories. Table below
shows the physical threat according to the categories and how it
can give impact on the data center. Not to forget, table below also
shows the way that can be taken to detect the threat.
Table
Table
