Day 10 – Verbs and CitationINSTRUCTOR: KYLE BRITT

Objectives• Draw inferences and support inference using pieces from the

text

• Identify elements of grammar and their function.

Warm Up• Write 10 of your vocab words on a piece of paper.

– Identify a synonym and an antonym for each word.

Warm Up - Honors• Take out your vocab note cards and place them on your desk.

• Answer Unit 2 section B in your VCR books. Any unfinished work will be homework. Keep to turn in on Thursday.

Verbs• A verb is a word that expresses action or a state of being and is

necessary to make a statement.

• Ex: I am free. (Am is the verb as it is a state of being.)

• “Real” Verbs are separated into:1. Action

2. Linking

• There is also a verb-like type called helping verbs.

Action Verbs• Action verbs tell what a person or thing does. They can express

mental or physical action.

• Ex: The dog barked all day. (physical action)

• Ex: He thought about the dog all day. (mental action)

Linking Verbs• A linking verb joins the subject of a sentence with a word or

expression that identifies or describes the subject.

• Expresses a state of being.

• All forms of the verb to be are linking verbs.

• Ex: The teacher is cranky. (Is links cranky to teacher.)

Handy Tip for Linking Verbs• Linking verbs are like the equal signs of language. (=)

• Any verb that can be replaced with is, am, are, be, become, or becomes to create a sentence with nearly the same meaning is a linking verb.

Action or Linking Verb?We celebrated the Chinese New

Year.The holiday is usually in February.

action

linking

Action or Linking Verb?• John looked tired.

• John looked through the binoculars.action

linking

Action or Linking Verb?• Remain in your seats until the

end of class.

• Remain calm.

action

linking

Action or Linking Verb? Your Turn!• Any verb that can be replaced with is, am, are, be, become, or

becomes to create a sentence with nearly the same meaning is a linking verb.

• The sky looks blue.

• I walked home.

• Our teacher seemed crazy.

Auxiliary/Helping “Verbs”“auxiliary” just means “helping”

WARNING: Auxiliary verbs do not function as verbs. They HELP the main verb.

Helping Verbs• A helping verb (aka auxiliary verbs) helps the main verb

express action or a state of being.

• A main word expresses an action or state of being.

• All forms of to be can be helping verbs.

Auxiliary/Helping Verbs

• help the main verb express action or a state of being

• can speak

• may be

• has been named

• should have been caught

Auxiliary Verbs Verb Phrase

• A verb phrase has one main verb and one or more auxiliary verbs

• Many people in Africa can speak more than one language.

• The packages may be at 401 Maple Street.

Verb Phrase “Math”• auxiliary verb(s) + main verb = verb phrase

• There may be more than one auxiliary

verb in a verb phrase. There is only one main verb in a verb phrase. It is always the LAST WORD in the verb phrase. The main verb is either action (speak, named, caught) or linking (be).

•can speak•may be

•has been named•should have been caught

Auxiliary Verb or Main Verb?

I am a teacher.I am writing a letter.

We are hungry.The girls are playing ball.

The highlighted words can function as main verbs or auxiliary verbs. Can you tell which job each is doing?

Handy Tip for Verb Phrases• Sometimes a verb phrase is interrupted by another part of

speech, like an adverb. In a question, the subject often interrupts the verb phrase.

• Our school has always held a victory celebration when our team wins.

• Did you hear Jamie Foxx’s speech?

Group Exercise – Identify and label verbs1. Amy and I go outside and begin our chores.

2. The red ants fought the black ants.

3. Salmon actually swim upstream.

4. Fiona is Irish.

5. One well-known Irish American was President John F. Kennedy.

6. This is a story about an iceman.

7. His ideas were new and exciting.

Active Active Active Active Linking

Linking

Linking

Linking

Group Exercises – Identify Helping verbsIdentify the main verb and the helping verb in the sentences

1. Stock car racing has been popular for years.

2. Did Richard Petty ever crash his race car?

3. Strange as it may seem, I have never eaten an avocado.

4. Fortunately, he didn’t need surgery.

5. Without physical therapy, he might not have healed as quickly.

Identify the main verb and the helping verb in the sentences

1. Stock car racing has been popular for years.

2. Did Richard Petty ever crash his race car?

3. Strange as it may seem, I have never eaten an avocado.

4. Fortunately, he didn’t need surgery.

5. Without physical therapy, he might not have healed as quickly.

Citations• Citing is pulling information out of a text to support the readers

thoughts on an expressed idea or claim.

• Citations can be paraphrased ideas or direct quotes.

• Read the iceman article on page 240.

• Use citations to prove the main idea of the iceman article.

• Identify supporting details and cite the example in the text. Annotate the passage.

ClosingWrite a short paragraph explaining what happened in the iceman article. Use your citations in your paragraph to support your ideas.