8/12/2019 Day9 Sentences in Brief

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VEERESH SAVADI English Made Easyin 20 Minutes a Day! Foundation English

DAY-9 : SENTENCES-in Brief

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SENTENCES

A sentence is a systematic arrangement of words that make complete sense. If the same words are rearranged, they

may either lose their meaning or acquire a new meaning.

E.g.: 1. Ravi wrote to his brother yesterday.

Ravi to his yesterday wrote brother.

His brother wrote to Ravi yesterday.

2. They have finished their work.

They work their finished have.

Have they finished their work?

Types:

The important kinds of sentences are described below.

1. ASSERTIVE SENTENCES:These are all statements of facts. They declare or Assert something.Two Kinds:

1. AFFIRMATIVE: We are learning English grammar. Rajesh is a lazy man. I bought a new watch. Little Ravi has a baby sister.

2. NEGATIVE: I dont have a pen. He is not coming today. This table is not very useful. I can never forget the sight.

2. Interrogative Sentences: These are all questions. An interrogative sentence begins with a question word andends with a question mark (?).An interrogative sentence has two kinds.

1. WH- interrogative: this type of sentences may begin in the following ways.

(a) Using interrogative pronouns: such as who, what, which, whom, whose.

who is there? What are you doing? Which is the last building?

Whom did you meet yesterday? Whose is this bag?

(b) Using interrogative adjectives: such as whose, what, which.

Whose bag is this? What color is the cover? Which event are you talking about?(c) Using interrogative adverbs: such as when, where, why, how.

When did they go? Where did you leave the book? Why are you trembling?

SENTENCES

ASSERTIVE/

DECLARATIVE

Affirmative S+HV+MV+O

Negative S+HV(-)+MV+O

INTERROGATIVE

Auxiliary

Interrogative

HV+S++MV+O+?

HV(-)+S+MV+O+?

WH

Interrogative

QW+HV+S+MV+O+?

QW+HV(-)+S+MV+O+?

IMPERATIVE

EXCLAMATORY

8/12/2019 Day9 Sentences in Brief

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VEERESH SAVADI English Made Easyin 20 Minutes a Day! Foundation English

DAY-9 : SENTENCES-in Brief

School/College Coaching, Entrance Exams, Competitive Exams and Spoken English

Personalized Classroom/Online Coaching, Study Notes, Study Skills and Memory Techniques

28

(d) Combinations such as how long, how far, how much, how many, how often.

How will they know about this? How far did they go? How often does she come? How are you?These questions are called wh-questions. They can be used to ask question on particular parts of a sentence.

Study the following:

Carl Lewis won tour gold medals at the Olympics in 1984.

Who won four gold medals at the Olympics in 1984? (Carl Lewis)How many gold medals did Carl Lewis win at the Olympics in 1984? (Four)

Where did Carl Lewis win four gold medals? (At the Olympics)

When did Carl Lewis win four gold medals at the Olympics? (1984)

(2) Auxiliary questions:These questions can be answered with Yes or No. these questions are therefore called yes-no

questions.

They are formed by putting either the different forms of the verb

The form of be(is, am, are, was were),

the forms of do( do, does, did) or

the auxiliary verbs(can, could, has, have, will, would, shall, should, must, may, might, etc.)

study the following:

statement: Mohan plays football. Statement: He wrote a letter today.Questions: Does Mohan play football? Questions: Did he write a letter today?

Statement: India is a democratic country. Statement: he has lost his pen.

Question: Is India a democratic country? Question: Has he lost his pen?

Statement: you can do this in an hour. Statement: Friday will be a holiday.

Question: Can you do this in an hour? Question: Will Friday be a holiday?

3. Imperative Sentence: Look at these sentences:o Bring me a glass of water.o Stop!o Please shut that window.

o Sit down quietly.o Avoid taking cold water bath.

These sentences give commands, requests, instructions or advices. An imputative sentence contains an order or

a request to the listener. Hence the subject of the imperative sentence is the second person pronoun (you). Thissubject is usually not mentioned. The subject is mentioned only in some contexts.

You finish the work and report to me. (Emphasis)

You type these letters and you go to the post office.

(Instructions to different persons)

We usually put a full stop at the end of imperative sentences. However,

after very short commands sometimes an exclamation mark (!) is used.

Halt! Who goes there?

Stop!

4. Exclamatory Sentences: These sentences express sudden emotions- joy, surprise, sorrow, etc. An exclamation mark (!) is

put at the end of such sentences.

Study the following

What a lovely scene! How tall that girl is! Alas! She is dead!

Hurrah! We have won the match! How stupid of me!

Fragments: Words which stand for complete sentences are called fragments. Very often, in conversation, we do not say

full sentences. People ask questions and give responses in a word or two.

See the examples below.

Raja: Hello, Ms Rani. How are you?

Rani: Fine. Thank you. (Fine: I am fine.)

Raja: Did you meet the Principal?

Rani: Yes, I did. (Yes, I met the Principal)

Raja: When? (When did you meet the Principal?)

Rani: Yesterday. (I met the Principal yesterday)