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DBH 4 HISTORY - THIRD TERM
AN AGE OF CONFLICT 1870-1945
1
1870-1945
CONFLICTS - KEY ASPECTS
• Imperialism / colonialism (1870-1885-1914).
• World War 1 (WW1) (1914-1918).
• Inter-war period (1919-1939).
• The Russian Revolution; Spanish Civil War; The Roaring Twenties; The rise of fascism.
• World War 2 (WW2) (1939-1945).
COUNTDOWN TO WW2
PAGES 123
FIRST SIGNS OF THE NAZI POWER
INTRODUCTION
• 1936 - Adolf Hitler:
• Chancellor of Germany.
• Leader of the National Socialist (Nazis).
• Banned all political parties.
• Imprisoned all this enemies.
• Manipulated all the German media.
• Began persecuting the Jews.
KEY CONCEPTS
GETTING INTO WW2
• Rhineland.
• Anti-Cominterm Pact.
• Condor air force.
• Anchsluss.
• Sudetenland.
• Munich agreement.
• Poland.
• Britain, France & Germany.
MARCH 1936
RHINELAND
• The Treaty of Versailles broke up.
• Germany marched into the Rhineland (demilitarized area).
• The excuse was the protection of the border against any threat.
• No country was able to face Germany at the same intensity.
NOVEMBER 1936
ANTI-COMINTERM PACT
APRIL 1937
CONDOR AIR FORCE
• Support Franco’s side on the Spanish Civil War.
• It was a trial exercise.
• Testing the use of airplane bombings against civilians.
• Gernika & Durango.
MARCH 1938
ANSCHLUSS
• The proclamation of the Greater German Reich.
• Hilter was born in Austria.
• He believed that Germany and Austria belonged together.
• Anschluss = merger.
SEPTEMBER 1938
SUDETENLAND
• A region in Czechoslovakia.
• A region with 3 million German speakers.
• Hitler was given the option of taking this region in the Munich Agreement (“Appeasement”).
• The condition: Hitler would not take the rest of Czechoslovakia.
• But Hitler broke the promise March 1939.
• France & Britain were more worried about the communists and Stalin (and their possible expansion) than Hitler and then nazis.
AUGUST 1939
GERMAN-SOVIET PACT
• A pact of no-aggression was signed.
• Both nations would split Poland among them.
SEPTEMBER 1, 1939
GERMANY INVADES POLAND
WW2 BEGINS
POLAND
CHARACTERISTICS OF WW2
PAGES 125-126
INTRODUCTION
WW2
• WW2 was the biggest military conflict in History.
• It’s the conflict that caused the most damage ever.
• Its consequences are enormous, and even today we are among them.
• This conflict really and truly changed the world
• It meant the beginning of another distinct period.
KEY ASPECTS
WW2
• Worldwide.
• Technology.
• Rapid movement.
• Occupations.
• National resistance.
• Espionage.
• Holocaust.
• Atomic bombs.
• Superpowers.
AXIS POWERS VERSUS ALLIED POWERS
TWO MAIN GROUPS IN WW2
• Axis Powers: Germany, Italy and Japan.
• Allied Powers: Britain, France, Norway, Belgium, Netherlands, Canada, Australia, New Zealand; later, 1941 (after Pearl Harbor attack), the USA; China.
• Russia will be among both: first, with Axis (until Operation Barbarossa), then with the Allied (key in the final victory).
• Some countries remained neutral for different reasons: Switzerland, Spain among them.
ANY PLACE WAS GOOD FOR WAR
WORLDWIDE
• Europe, Africa, Asia-Pacific (main theaters).
• Deserts, arctic, mountains, jungles,…
• Air, land, sea, underground,….
HUGE DIFFERENCE IN WEAPONS
TECHNOLOGY
• Fighter planes & (short and long range) bombers.
• Tanks.
• Nuclear weapons.
• Communications.
• The objetive: rapid movements (avoid the trenches stalemate of WW1).
• Espionage, significant (secret war).
CIVILIAN POPULATION AFFECTED DIRECTLY
OCCUPATIONS
• Germany occupied France.
• Evacuations to safer parts.
• National resistance feeling against Germany.
• Germany and Britain, bombing key cities (civilians to break the morale).
THE FINAL SOLUTION
HOLOCAUST
• 6,000,000 jews, exterminated under the racial theories.
• And more information coming soon…
TWO MAIN ASPECTS
END OF WW2
• [1] The atomic bombs dropped August 1945 (Hiroshima & Nagasaki) marked the end of WW2 in the Pacific theater.
• Consequence: [2] Two superpowers: USA & Soviet Union.
• “Cold War” (nuclear tension) - 1945-1989.
LEADERS OF WW2 HOW DOES HISTORY
REMEMBER THEM?
KEY EVENTS OF WW2 PAGES 126-127
• 1939 - September - Germany’s invasion on Poland.
• 1941 - June - Operation Barbarossa.
• 1941 - December - Pearl Harbor.
• 1944 - June - D-Day.
• 1945 - May- Russians arrived in Berlin / Germany surrendered.
• 1945 - August - Japan surrended (end of WW2).
WHY DID HITLER START IT ALL?
PAGES 128
• Adolf Hitler is one of the most complex figures in modern history.
• “Nazi” is a terrible term.
• “Swastika” is a negative symbol =hatred and intolerance (origin, Hindu, represents the sun).
• It is banned in public by most western societies.
• “Mein Kampf” (My Struggle) is the base of Hitler’s and Nazi philosophy: [1] superiority of the Aryan race; [2] anti-semitism.
• Concentration camps.
• Death camps.
• “Final Solution”.
• “Holocaust” (burning sacrifice).
• “Shoa” (calamity).
• Nuremberg Trials; crimes against humanity.
THE GREAT DICTATOR
A MOVIE RECOMMENDATION:
CONTENT TEST