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Project Kickoff MeetingDE-FE0029787High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products
gt July 13th 2017
Osman M AkpolatGas Technology Institute
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 2
Meeting Objectives
bull Introduction of Project Team Members
bull Short Primer on the Science and Technology of Electron Beam Deposition into Gas
bull Discussion of Electron Beam Technology and Technical Aspects of the Project
bull Quick Overview of Administrative Efforts
bull Comments and Questions
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 3
Meeting Agenda
bull 100 PM Introductions
bull 110 PM Background Information on Project Team Members
bull 130 PM Technical Approach Discussion
bull 230 PM Project Structure Task description
bull 240 PM Schedule
bull 250 PM Budget
bull 300 PM Comments and Questions
bull 400 PM Adjourn
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 4
gt Independent not-for-profit research institute established by the natural gas industry
gt GTI tackles tough energy challenges turning raw technology into practical solutions
gt Downhole to the burner tip including energy conversion technologies
GTI Overview
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 5
Diverse Customers from Industry and Government
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 6
GTI provides solutions to clients in the private sector federal government and state government agencies gt 300+ active projectsgt 20 patents issuedgt 10 patent applications
2016 Results
Business Highlights
DIVERSE CUSTOMER BASE
NEWBUSINESS
CONTRACTS
FEDERAL
INDUSTRYUTILITIES
STATELOCAL
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 7
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Oil Crisis
1976Federal Power Commission approved surcharge on pipeline transmission for research funding and Gas Research Institute (GRI) formed1973
1941Institute for Gas Technology (IGT) formed at the Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT)
Company History
FERC Order No 636 Restructuring Rule mandated unbundling to separate sales from transportation services
1992
GRI and IGT combined to form the Gas Technology Institute (GTI)
2000
Dr Henry LindenGRI President
1947 IGT LaboratoryChicago Illinois
Dr James L Johnson Pioneer in Coal Gasification
1970 HYGASreg Pilot Plant Chicago Illinois
1995 U-GASreg PlantShanghai China
2009 GTI Advanced Gasification FacilityDes Plaines Illinois
GRI sponsors Mitchell Energyrsquos first horizontal well in the Barnett shale
1991
George Mitchell
1970 Blue Flame natural gas powered rocket car sets world land speed record of 630 mph
GTI acquires Aerojet Rocketdynersquos fossil energy business
2015
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 8
From Concept to Commercialization
gtPartnering at every phase of the technology development cycle
ENERGY SOLUTIONShellip DELIVERED
Idea
Market Analysis
Technology Analysis
Product Development
Lab and Field Testing
Demonstration
Commercialization
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 9
US Office Locations
Californiabull Oakland West
Sacramento Davis San Ramon Los Angeles (Frontier Energy)
bull Woodland Hills
Illinois bull Chicago
(LocusView)bull Des Plaines
(Headquarters)
New Yorkbull Cazenovia
(CDH Energy)
Texasbull Houstonbull Austin (Frontier Assoc)
Washington DCbull Capitol Hill
OFFICE SUBSIDIARY
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 10
Addressing Key Issues Across the Energy Value Chain
Expanding the supply of clean abundant and affordable natural gas
Ensuring a safe and reliable energy delivery infrastructure
Promoting the clean and efficient use of energy resources
FOR A BETTER ENVIRONMENT AND A BETTER ECONOMY
Transforming natural resources into clean fuels power and chemicals
SUPPLY CONVERSION DELIVERY UTILIZATION
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 11
IBA Industrial - Background
IBA IndustrialGeneral Overview July - 2017
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 13 -
Based in Belgium listed on Euronext Brussels
Focused on particle accelerators
gt400 accelerators worldwide
2016 sales of euro329 million
1200+ people worldwide 40 nationalities
15 offices on 3 continents
IBA in a nutshell
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 14 -
IBArsquos core competence ndash Particle accelerators
Patient or Product
electrons
protons
Particle Accelerators
Proton or electron acceleration
Atom
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 15 -
IBA Main Activities
Proton Therapy
RadioPharma
Dosimetry
Industrial
Cancer treatmentAccurate protonsMinimized side effects55 market share22 IBA supplied centers
Cancer diagnostic160+ Cyclotrons installedSynthera multi-tracer systemFrom Cyclotron to turnkey
Patient and machine QACalibration validation and QA
Used in most hospitals
Industrial applicationsMedical Device Sterilization
Polymer crosslinkingFood pasteurization
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 16 -
IBA Industrial250+ Electron beam accelerators installed worldwide
Americas55
Asia14
EMEA28
ROW3
IBA Installed base
Crosslinking72
RampD9
Sterilization
18
Other1
Applications
36 +Rhodotron
200 +Dynamitron
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 17 -
IBArsquos product portfolio
Dynamitron05 -gt 5 MeV | 160 mA
Electron beam
Rhodotron3 -gt 10 MeV | 245 kW
Electron beam and X-rays
eXelis5 ndash 7 MeV | 560kW
X-rays
Main application E-beam Crosslinking Main application E-beam box sterilization Main application X-ray pallet sterilization
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 18 -
Rhodotron and Dynamitron product ranges
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 19 -
IBA Industrial Inc ndash Markets
Sterilization Crosslinking
Food Sterile Insect
Cargo screeningMail Sanitization
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 20
SUNY - Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 21
SUNY-Environmental Science and Forestry
bull 8 Departments (Bio Paper Sci Forestry Landscape Arch Env Studies Sci Eng
bull 2000 undergrads 550 grad students
Chemistry MS and PhD bull Biochemistrybull Environmental Chemistrybull Organic Natural Products bull Polymer Chemistry
15 Faculty40 grad students
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 22
Professor of ChemistrySUNY-Environmental Science amp Forestry
(tsdibbleesfedu)bull SUNY-ESF
1 of 7 PhD-granting SUNY campusesLocated in Syracuse
bull My Training PhD (Physical Chemistry) U Michigan 1992
bull My Research Group 1 MS 1 PhD 1 undergrad(1 MS and 1 PhD student arriving in Fall)
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Theodore S Dibble
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 23
Research is 90 Kineticsbull Tools Experiment Theory Kinetic Models
Lasers to generate and monitor radicalsGas chromatography-mass spectrometryInfrared spectroscopyQuantum chemistry theoretical kineticsReaction mechanismsLarge kinetic models
bull TopicsAtmospheric ozone and mercuryCombustionElectron beams
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Research Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 24
Previous Work Humid Air (N2 O2 H2O)
Goal understand sources of OH radical (removes SO2 and NOx from flue gas)
bull Started with a published model- added reactions- edited rate constants amp reaction products- iterated until ldquoself-consistentrdquo (~900 reactions)
bull Ran model- tested againstreintepreted exp results- analyzed sources of OH amp error
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Kinetic Modeling of Electron Beams
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 25
bull Software Kintecus Chemical ModelingPlug flow reactorhuge number of reactionsAccurate numerical integration
bull Input ParametersDose rate (Joules absorbedkg gas) from IBAInitial species concentrationsSet of reactions and rate constants
bull Outputs Concentrations vs timeSensitivity coefficients
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Technical Details
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 26
Technical Approach Discussion
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 27
High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products
Sponsor
Funding $799997 DOE ($206000 co-funding) two year effort
Objective Develop a direct electron beam (E-Beam) synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide using carbon dioxide (CO2) captured from a coal-fired power plant and methane (natural gas)
Team Member Rolesbull Overall project integration and managementbull Design construct the E-Beam reactor and the testing unitbull Conceptual design for coal-fired power plants with DEBS
bull Provide guidance in E-Beam reactor design and E-Beam accelerator for testing
bull Develop a kinetic model for the E-Beam reactor
DE-FE0029787
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 28
Project Objectives
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this project is to develop the Direct E-Beam Synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide at relatively low severity (pressure being near one atmosphere and temperatures of lt150degC) from near-pure CO2 captured from a pulverized coal (PC)-fired power plant and methane imported as natural gas Creating valuable products will offset the cost of carbon capture and storage (CCS) The high energy output from an electron beam (E-Beam) accelerator will be used to break chemical bonds The project comprises two budget periods (BP) of 9 and 15 months each for a total duration of 24 months
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 29
Project ObjectivesBP Objectives
1
bull Complete design and manufacture of testing skid with E-Beam reactor for testing at IBAbull Successful commissioning of DEBS equipment at GTI and IBA
bull Identify at least two catalysts to control the recombination and increase the yields for more valuableproducts
bull Develop preliminary predictive kinetic model to guide BP2 testing
2
bull Determine key operating parameters at various E-Beam energies to maximize the per pass conversion of CO2 to valuable products control selectivities between various products and minimize E-Beam energy requirements
bull Identify operating conditions and catalyst combinations to further control selectivities between products and minimize overall energy requirements
bull Review experimental data to optimize and improve preliminary kinetic model developed in BP1bull Complete data analysis and reporting of the experimental runs
bull Complete economical assessment techno-economic analysis and perform life cycle analysis for the process
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 30
Experiments will be conducted in non-catalytic as well as catalytic modes A kinetic model will be developed by SUNY based on the collected data and will be
used to predict the chemical performance of the DEBS process A conceptual design for coupling the DEBS process to a coal-fired power plant will
be developed
This project will expand on the concept of DEBS to Develop a commercially viable process Minimize E-Beam energy requirements Maximize CO2 conversion Selectively control the yield of more valuable products using
catalysts
Innovation non-equilibrium process that breaks bonds directly unlike conventional chemistry that requires heating the entire molecule
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 31
Current technology for the commercial production of acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide requires High temperatures and pressures Expensive catalysts in multiple process steps High capital and operating costs
The DEBS process uses high-energy electron beams to break chemical bonds allowing production of the desired chemicals at near-ambient pressure and temperatures and has been demonstrated by other research groups at bench-scale
Successfully combining DEBS technology with CO2 captured from coal-fired power plant flue gas provides a low-cost energy-efficient process to produce valuable chemicals and reduce emissions
Advantages Over Traditional Processes
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 32
Electron Beam Deposition into Gas
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 33
Electron Beam Primer
V = Voltage (eV)I = Current (amp)V x I = Power (watt)
1eV = Kinetic energy of an electron accelerated to 1 voltCharge of an electron = 1602 x 10-19 coulombs
1 coulomb = 625 x 1018 electrons
Current = ChargeTime1 amp = 1 coulomb 1 sec
1 eV x 1 amp= 1 watt = 1 Jsec1 eV = 1602 x 10-19 J
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 34
Electron Beam Primer
500keV amp 15mAsqin E-Beam on a 1 sq in areaE-Beam power = 750 watt or 750 Jsec
Each electron will have500000 x 1602 x 10-19 = 8 x 10-14 J of energy
E-Beam will have15 x 10-3 1602 x 10-19 = 93633 x 1015 electrons per second
Each electron has the potential to achieve ~100000 interactions
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 35
Industrial Accelerator Design (linear)
Typical Numbers in range of interest450 to 1000 keV25 to 250 mA11 - 100 kW1
Efficiency 45 ndash 602
1 Robert W Hamm RampM Technical Enterprises Inc 9th ICFA Seminar ndash October 30 20082 Applied Energetics httpwwwappliedenergeticscomdownloadsproduct-offeringsnested-high-voltage-generatorpdf3 Kim et Al amp NHV Japan amp Bulgaria Power Plant
Source of Electrons
Acceleration Modules
Electron beam
Large Scale Industrial Applications800 keV500 mA400 kW3
Efficiency up to 883
Vacuum
Foil
Target
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 36
Electron Beam Deposition
Maximum efficiency occurs when electron beam deposition depth is equal to reactor depthDeposition depth depends on these parametersbull Electron beam voltagebull Gas compositionbull Gas pressure (Limited by foil)bull Foil composition and thicknessre
acto
r dep
th=
d
ElectronBeam Voltage ndash Controls how FAR the electrons will go
Current - Controls how MANY electrons will go
Beam Energy
Beam
Dep
th
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 37
Electron Beam Deposition (continued)
Electron beam inVoltage VinCurrent IExposure time T
Electron beam outVoltage Vout = Vin - ∆VCurrent IExposure time T
Dose = ((Vin-Vout) times I times T) M
Dose = energy deposited per unit massUnit of dose 1 Joulekg = 1 Gray
mass M
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 38
Deposition into a Gas Flowing in a Reactor
Flow velocity v
Dose = (V (potential) times I (currentarea) times a (window area) v (velocity)) M (mass)
Mass M
ElectronBeam
e-beam window area = a
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
175 | 159 | 143 | 079 | 016 | 143 | 016 | 048 | 095 | 127 | 159 | 159 | ||||||||||||
143 | 079 | 063 | 063 | 032 | 095 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 095 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 095 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 048 | 063 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
127 | 111 | 063 | 095 | 159 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 238 | 111 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 175 | 19 | 175 | 19 | 111 | 111 | 143 | 143 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
19 | 206 | 206 | 222 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | 063 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
222 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 159 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
238 | 302 | 333 | 349 | 381 | 159 | 111 | 143 | 111 | 048 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
254 | 365 | 413 | 413 | 444 | 206 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 079 | 175 | 063 | ||||||||||||
317 | 429 | 46 | 476 | 46 | 254 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 238 | 079 | ||||||||||||
365 | 476 | 524 | 571 | 508 | 302 | 159 | 127 | 143 | 048 | 206 | 079 | ||||||||||||
413 | 556 | 619 | 667 | 571 | 381 | 175 | 127 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
476 | 635 | 714 | 73 | 635 | 429 | 222 | 159 | 19 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
556 | 714 | 825 | 825 | 73 | 46 | 254 | 175 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
635 | 825 | 952 | 937 | 81 | 54 | 286 | 175 | 159 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
698 | 984 | 1079 | 1032 | 873 | 603 | 333 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
73 | 1159 | 1238 | 1159 | 952 | 683 | 381 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 127 | 079 | ||||||||||||
778 | 1349 | 1429 | 1302 | 1111 | 73 | 429 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
857 | 1587 | 1603 | 1476 | 1238 | 81 | 476 | 27 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
952 | 1889 | 181 | 1651 | 1349 | 889 | 556 | 302 | 159 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1127 | 2238 | 2048 | 1841 | 146 | 984 | 603 | 317 | 19 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1397 | 2651 | 2317 | 2032 | 1603 | 1111 | 635 | 333 | 222 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1937 | 3095 | 2587 | 2238 | 1746 | 1222 | 698 | 381 | 222 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2968 | 3556 | 2889 | 246 | 1873 | 1302 | 762 | 429 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
4333 | 4063 | 3206 | 2667 | 2016 | 1397 | 825 | 46 | 254 | 048 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
5571 | 4603 | 3508 | 2873 | 2175 | 1556 | 889 | 476 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
6587 | 5127 | 3841 | 3079 | 2333 | 1667 | 10 | 524 | 238 | 032 | 175 | 111 | ||||||||||||
7556 | 5667 | 4175 | 3286 | 2492 | 173 | 1063 | 571 | 254 | 048 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
8587 | 6222 | 4476 | 3492 | 2603 | 1873 | 1095 | 603 | 27 | 048 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
9635 | 6746 | 4762 | 3714 | 273 | 2016 | 119 | 667 | 302 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
10619 | 7206 | 5048 | 3937 | 2889 | 2111 | 1286 | 698 | 333 | 095 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
11524 | 7635 | 5349 | 4143 | 3063 | 2222 | 1349 | 714 | 365 | 063 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12365 | 8079 | 5619 | 4317 | 319 | 2349 | 1413 | 762 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
13048 | 8508 | 5857 | 4508 | 3302 | 2444 | 1492 | 794 | 397 | 095 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13603 | 8825 | 6111 | 4667 | 3444 | 2508 | 1571 | 825 | 397 | 127 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14095 | 9095 | 6365 | 4841 | 3556 | 2635 | 1619 | 857 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14444 | 9365 | 6556 | 50 | 3683 | 2746 | 1683 | 921 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14746 | 9603 | 6714 | 5159 | 381 | 2794 | 1746 | 937 | 413 | 159 | 143 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15048 | 9841 | 6889 | 5286 | 3921 | 2873 | 181 | 968 | 444 | 175 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15349 | 10016 | 7079 | 5397 | 40 | 2968 | 1873 | 10 | 46 | 159 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15587 | 10206 | 7206 | 5508 | 4095 | 3032 | 1952 | 1048 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15778 | 10349 | 7317 | 5635 | 4159 | 3048 | 2016 | 1079 | 46 | 143 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
16048 | 10476 | 7444 | 573 | 4222 | 3127 | 2032 | 1095 | 492 | 127 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16571 | 10762 | 7587 | 5841 | 4333 | 3254 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16873 | 10889 | 7714 | 5905 | 4397 | 327 | 2127 | 1127 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17048 | 110 | 7825 | 5984 | 4429 | 3302 | 2143 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17524 | 11238 | 7968 | 6016 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17698 | 11381 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19016 | 1146 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 159 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18794 | 11476 | 7952 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 175 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17444 | 11206 | 7952 | 6032 | 4476 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12794 | 8333 | 5762 | 4429 | 327 | 2413 | 146 | 778 | 397 | 079 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
619 | 778 | 889 | 889 | 794 | 492 | 286 | 175 | 175 | 063 | 095 | 079 | ||||||||||||
524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
444 | 603 | 667 | 698 | 603 | 397 | 19 | 143 | 175 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
333 | 46 | 492 | 524 | 476 | 27 | 143 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 095 | ||||||||||||
286 | 413 | 444 | 444 | 444 | 238 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 079 | ||||||||||||
254 | 349 | 381 | 397 | 429 | 19 | 095 | 111 | 111 | 063 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Asia | 10 | ||
Europe | 30 | ||
USA | 60 | ||
Others | 13 | ||
Wire and Cable | 31 | ||
Shrink Tube | 17 | ||
Shrink Film | 24 | ||
Tires | 9 | ||
Service Centers | 6 |
Asia | |
Europe | |
USA |
Others | |
Wire and Cable | |
Shrink Tube | |
Shrink Film | |
Tires | |
Service Centers |
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 2
Meeting Objectives
bull Introduction of Project Team Members
bull Short Primer on the Science and Technology of Electron Beam Deposition into Gas
bull Discussion of Electron Beam Technology and Technical Aspects of the Project
bull Quick Overview of Administrative Efforts
bull Comments and Questions
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 3
Meeting Agenda
bull 100 PM Introductions
bull 110 PM Background Information on Project Team Members
bull 130 PM Technical Approach Discussion
bull 230 PM Project Structure Task description
bull 240 PM Schedule
bull 250 PM Budget
bull 300 PM Comments and Questions
bull 400 PM Adjourn
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 4
gt Independent not-for-profit research institute established by the natural gas industry
gt GTI tackles tough energy challenges turning raw technology into practical solutions
gt Downhole to the burner tip including energy conversion technologies
GTI Overview
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 5
Diverse Customers from Industry and Government
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 6
GTI provides solutions to clients in the private sector federal government and state government agencies gt 300+ active projectsgt 20 patents issuedgt 10 patent applications
2016 Results
Business Highlights
DIVERSE CUSTOMER BASE
NEWBUSINESS
CONTRACTS
FEDERAL
INDUSTRYUTILITIES
STATELOCAL
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 7
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Oil Crisis
1976Federal Power Commission approved surcharge on pipeline transmission for research funding and Gas Research Institute (GRI) formed1973
1941Institute for Gas Technology (IGT) formed at the Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT)
Company History
FERC Order No 636 Restructuring Rule mandated unbundling to separate sales from transportation services
1992
GRI and IGT combined to form the Gas Technology Institute (GTI)
2000
Dr Henry LindenGRI President
1947 IGT LaboratoryChicago Illinois
Dr James L Johnson Pioneer in Coal Gasification
1970 HYGASreg Pilot Plant Chicago Illinois
1995 U-GASreg PlantShanghai China
2009 GTI Advanced Gasification FacilityDes Plaines Illinois
GRI sponsors Mitchell Energyrsquos first horizontal well in the Barnett shale
1991
George Mitchell
1970 Blue Flame natural gas powered rocket car sets world land speed record of 630 mph
GTI acquires Aerojet Rocketdynersquos fossil energy business
2015
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 8
From Concept to Commercialization
gtPartnering at every phase of the technology development cycle
ENERGY SOLUTIONShellip DELIVERED
Idea
Market Analysis
Technology Analysis
Product Development
Lab and Field Testing
Demonstration
Commercialization
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 9
US Office Locations
Californiabull Oakland West
Sacramento Davis San Ramon Los Angeles (Frontier Energy)
bull Woodland Hills
Illinois bull Chicago
(LocusView)bull Des Plaines
(Headquarters)
New Yorkbull Cazenovia
(CDH Energy)
Texasbull Houstonbull Austin (Frontier Assoc)
Washington DCbull Capitol Hill
OFFICE SUBSIDIARY
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 10
Addressing Key Issues Across the Energy Value Chain
Expanding the supply of clean abundant and affordable natural gas
Ensuring a safe and reliable energy delivery infrastructure
Promoting the clean and efficient use of energy resources
FOR A BETTER ENVIRONMENT AND A BETTER ECONOMY
Transforming natural resources into clean fuels power and chemicals
SUPPLY CONVERSION DELIVERY UTILIZATION
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 11
IBA Industrial - Background
IBA IndustrialGeneral Overview July - 2017
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 13 -
Based in Belgium listed on Euronext Brussels
Focused on particle accelerators
gt400 accelerators worldwide
2016 sales of euro329 million
1200+ people worldwide 40 nationalities
15 offices on 3 continents
IBA in a nutshell
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 14 -
IBArsquos core competence ndash Particle accelerators
Patient or Product
electrons
protons
Particle Accelerators
Proton or electron acceleration
Atom
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 15 -
IBA Main Activities
Proton Therapy
RadioPharma
Dosimetry
Industrial
Cancer treatmentAccurate protonsMinimized side effects55 market share22 IBA supplied centers
Cancer diagnostic160+ Cyclotrons installedSynthera multi-tracer systemFrom Cyclotron to turnkey
Patient and machine QACalibration validation and QA
Used in most hospitals
Industrial applicationsMedical Device Sterilization
Polymer crosslinkingFood pasteurization
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 16 -
IBA Industrial250+ Electron beam accelerators installed worldwide
Americas55
Asia14
EMEA28
ROW3
IBA Installed base
Crosslinking72
RampD9
Sterilization
18
Other1
Applications
36 +Rhodotron
200 +Dynamitron
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 17 -
IBArsquos product portfolio
Dynamitron05 -gt 5 MeV | 160 mA
Electron beam
Rhodotron3 -gt 10 MeV | 245 kW
Electron beam and X-rays
eXelis5 ndash 7 MeV | 560kW
X-rays
Main application E-beam Crosslinking Main application E-beam box sterilization Main application X-ray pallet sterilization
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 18 -
Rhodotron and Dynamitron product ranges
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 19 -
IBA Industrial Inc ndash Markets
Sterilization Crosslinking
Food Sterile Insect
Cargo screeningMail Sanitization
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 20
SUNY - Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 21
SUNY-Environmental Science and Forestry
bull 8 Departments (Bio Paper Sci Forestry Landscape Arch Env Studies Sci Eng
bull 2000 undergrads 550 grad students
Chemistry MS and PhD bull Biochemistrybull Environmental Chemistrybull Organic Natural Products bull Polymer Chemistry
15 Faculty40 grad students
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 22
Professor of ChemistrySUNY-Environmental Science amp Forestry
(tsdibbleesfedu)bull SUNY-ESF
1 of 7 PhD-granting SUNY campusesLocated in Syracuse
bull My Training PhD (Physical Chemistry) U Michigan 1992
bull My Research Group 1 MS 1 PhD 1 undergrad(1 MS and 1 PhD student arriving in Fall)
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Theodore S Dibble
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 23
Research is 90 Kineticsbull Tools Experiment Theory Kinetic Models
Lasers to generate and monitor radicalsGas chromatography-mass spectrometryInfrared spectroscopyQuantum chemistry theoretical kineticsReaction mechanismsLarge kinetic models
bull TopicsAtmospheric ozone and mercuryCombustionElectron beams
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Research Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 24
Previous Work Humid Air (N2 O2 H2O)
Goal understand sources of OH radical (removes SO2 and NOx from flue gas)
bull Started with a published model- added reactions- edited rate constants amp reaction products- iterated until ldquoself-consistentrdquo (~900 reactions)
bull Ran model- tested againstreintepreted exp results- analyzed sources of OH amp error
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Kinetic Modeling of Electron Beams
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 25
bull Software Kintecus Chemical ModelingPlug flow reactorhuge number of reactionsAccurate numerical integration
bull Input ParametersDose rate (Joules absorbedkg gas) from IBAInitial species concentrationsSet of reactions and rate constants
bull Outputs Concentrations vs timeSensitivity coefficients
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Technical Details
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 26
Technical Approach Discussion
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 27
High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products
Sponsor
Funding $799997 DOE ($206000 co-funding) two year effort
Objective Develop a direct electron beam (E-Beam) synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide using carbon dioxide (CO2) captured from a coal-fired power plant and methane (natural gas)
Team Member Rolesbull Overall project integration and managementbull Design construct the E-Beam reactor and the testing unitbull Conceptual design for coal-fired power plants with DEBS
bull Provide guidance in E-Beam reactor design and E-Beam accelerator for testing
bull Develop a kinetic model for the E-Beam reactor
DE-FE0029787
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 28
Project Objectives
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this project is to develop the Direct E-Beam Synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide at relatively low severity (pressure being near one atmosphere and temperatures of lt150degC) from near-pure CO2 captured from a pulverized coal (PC)-fired power plant and methane imported as natural gas Creating valuable products will offset the cost of carbon capture and storage (CCS) The high energy output from an electron beam (E-Beam) accelerator will be used to break chemical bonds The project comprises two budget periods (BP) of 9 and 15 months each for a total duration of 24 months
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 29
Project ObjectivesBP Objectives
1
bull Complete design and manufacture of testing skid with E-Beam reactor for testing at IBAbull Successful commissioning of DEBS equipment at GTI and IBA
bull Identify at least two catalysts to control the recombination and increase the yields for more valuableproducts
bull Develop preliminary predictive kinetic model to guide BP2 testing
2
bull Determine key operating parameters at various E-Beam energies to maximize the per pass conversion of CO2 to valuable products control selectivities between various products and minimize E-Beam energy requirements
bull Identify operating conditions and catalyst combinations to further control selectivities between products and minimize overall energy requirements
bull Review experimental data to optimize and improve preliminary kinetic model developed in BP1bull Complete data analysis and reporting of the experimental runs
bull Complete economical assessment techno-economic analysis and perform life cycle analysis for the process
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 30
Experiments will be conducted in non-catalytic as well as catalytic modes A kinetic model will be developed by SUNY based on the collected data and will be
used to predict the chemical performance of the DEBS process A conceptual design for coupling the DEBS process to a coal-fired power plant will
be developed
This project will expand on the concept of DEBS to Develop a commercially viable process Minimize E-Beam energy requirements Maximize CO2 conversion Selectively control the yield of more valuable products using
catalysts
Innovation non-equilibrium process that breaks bonds directly unlike conventional chemistry that requires heating the entire molecule
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 31
Current technology for the commercial production of acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide requires High temperatures and pressures Expensive catalysts in multiple process steps High capital and operating costs
The DEBS process uses high-energy electron beams to break chemical bonds allowing production of the desired chemicals at near-ambient pressure and temperatures and has been demonstrated by other research groups at bench-scale
Successfully combining DEBS technology with CO2 captured from coal-fired power plant flue gas provides a low-cost energy-efficient process to produce valuable chemicals and reduce emissions
Advantages Over Traditional Processes
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 32
Electron Beam Deposition into Gas
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 33
Electron Beam Primer
V = Voltage (eV)I = Current (amp)V x I = Power (watt)
1eV = Kinetic energy of an electron accelerated to 1 voltCharge of an electron = 1602 x 10-19 coulombs
1 coulomb = 625 x 1018 electrons
Current = ChargeTime1 amp = 1 coulomb 1 sec
1 eV x 1 amp= 1 watt = 1 Jsec1 eV = 1602 x 10-19 J
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 34
Electron Beam Primer
500keV amp 15mAsqin E-Beam on a 1 sq in areaE-Beam power = 750 watt or 750 Jsec
Each electron will have500000 x 1602 x 10-19 = 8 x 10-14 J of energy
E-Beam will have15 x 10-3 1602 x 10-19 = 93633 x 1015 electrons per second
Each electron has the potential to achieve ~100000 interactions
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 35
Industrial Accelerator Design (linear)
Typical Numbers in range of interest450 to 1000 keV25 to 250 mA11 - 100 kW1
Efficiency 45 ndash 602
1 Robert W Hamm RampM Technical Enterprises Inc 9th ICFA Seminar ndash October 30 20082 Applied Energetics httpwwwappliedenergeticscomdownloadsproduct-offeringsnested-high-voltage-generatorpdf3 Kim et Al amp NHV Japan amp Bulgaria Power Plant
Source of Electrons
Acceleration Modules
Electron beam
Large Scale Industrial Applications800 keV500 mA400 kW3
Efficiency up to 883
Vacuum
Foil
Target
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 36
Electron Beam Deposition
Maximum efficiency occurs when electron beam deposition depth is equal to reactor depthDeposition depth depends on these parametersbull Electron beam voltagebull Gas compositionbull Gas pressure (Limited by foil)bull Foil composition and thicknessre
acto
r dep
th=
d
ElectronBeam Voltage ndash Controls how FAR the electrons will go
Current - Controls how MANY electrons will go
Beam Energy
Beam
Dep
th
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 37
Electron Beam Deposition (continued)
Electron beam inVoltage VinCurrent IExposure time T
Electron beam outVoltage Vout = Vin - ∆VCurrent IExposure time T
Dose = ((Vin-Vout) times I times T) M
Dose = energy deposited per unit massUnit of dose 1 Joulekg = 1 Gray
mass M
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 38
Deposition into a Gas Flowing in a Reactor
Flow velocity v
Dose = (V (potential) times I (currentarea) times a (window area) v (velocity)) M (mass)
Mass M
ElectronBeam
e-beam window area = a
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
175 | 159 | 143 | 079 | 016 | 143 | 016 | 048 | 095 | 127 | 159 | 159 | ||||||||||||
143 | 079 | 063 | 063 | 032 | 095 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 095 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 095 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 048 | 063 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
127 | 111 | 063 | 095 | 159 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 238 | 111 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 175 | 19 | 175 | 19 | 111 | 111 | 143 | 143 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
19 | 206 | 206 | 222 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | 063 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
222 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 159 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
238 | 302 | 333 | 349 | 381 | 159 | 111 | 143 | 111 | 048 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
254 | 365 | 413 | 413 | 444 | 206 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 079 | 175 | 063 | ||||||||||||
317 | 429 | 46 | 476 | 46 | 254 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 238 | 079 | ||||||||||||
365 | 476 | 524 | 571 | 508 | 302 | 159 | 127 | 143 | 048 | 206 | 079 | ||||||||||||
413 | 556 | 619 | 667 | 571 | 381 | 175 | 127 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
476 | 635 | 714 | 73 | 635 | 429 | 222 | 159 | 19 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
556 | 714 | 825 | 825 | 73 | 46 | 254 | 175 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
635 | 825 | 952 | 937 | 81 | 54 | 286 | 175 | 159 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
698 | 984 | 1079 | 1032 | 873 | 603 | 333 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
73 | 1159 | 1238 | 1159 | 952 | 683 | 381 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 127 | 079 | ||||||||||||
778 | 1349 | 1429 | 1302 | 1111 | 73 | 429 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
857 | 1587 | 1603 | 1476 | 1238 | 81 | 476 | 27 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
952 | 1889 | 181 | 1651 | 1349 | 889 | 556 | 302 | 159 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1127 | 2238 | 2048 | 1841 | 146 | 984 | 603 | 317 | 19 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1397 | 2651 | 2317 | 2032 | 1603 | 1111 | 635 | 333 | 222 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1937 | 3095 | 2587 | 2238 | 1746 | 1222 | 698 | 381 | 222 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2968 | 3556 | 2889 | 246 | 1873 | 1302 | 762 | 429 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
4333 | 4063 | 3206 | 2667 | 2016 | 1397 | 825 | 46 | 254 | 048 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
5571 | 4603 | 3508 | 2873 | 2175 | 1556 | 889 | 476 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
6587 | 5127 | 3841 | 3079 | 2333 | 1667 | 10 | 524 | 238 | 032 | 175 | 111 | ||||||||||||
7556 | 5667 | 4175 | 3286 | 2492 | 173 | 1063 | 571 | 254 | 048 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
8587 | 6222 | 4476 | 3492 | 2603 | 1873 | 1095 | 603 | 27 | 048 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
9635 | 6746 | 4762 | 3714 | 273 | 2016 | 119 | 667 | 302 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
10619 | 7206 | 5048 | 3937 | 2889 | 2111 | 1286 | 698 | 333 | 095 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
11524 | 7635 | 5349 | 4143 | 3063 | 2222 | 1349 | 714 | 365 | 063 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12365 | 8079 | 5619 | 4317 | 319 | 2349 | 1413 | 762 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
13048 | 8508 | 5857 | 4508 | 3302 | 2444 | 1492 | 794 | 397 | 095 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13603 | 8825 | 6111 | 4667 | 3444 | 2508 | 1571 | 825 | 397 | 127 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14095 | 9095 | 6365 | 4841 | 3556 | 2635 | 1619 | 857 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14444 | 9365 | 6556 | 50 | 3683 | 2746 | 1683 | 921 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14746 | 9603 | 6714 | 5159 | 381 | 2794 | 1746 | 937 | 413 | 159 | 143 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15048 | 9841 | 6889 | 5286 | 3921 | 2873 | 181 | 968 | 444 | 175 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15349 | 10016 | 7079 | 5397 | 40 | 2968 | 1873 | 10 | 46 | 159 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15587 | 10206 | 7206 | 5508 | 4095 | 3032 | 1952 | 1048 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15778 | 10349 | 7317 | 5635 | 4159 | 3048 | 2016 | 1079 | 46 | 143 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
16048 | 10476 | 7444 | 573 | 4222 | 3127 | 2032 | 1095 | 492 | 127 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16571 | 10762 | 7587 | 5841 | 4333 | 3254 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16873 | 10889 | 7714 | 5905 | 4397 | 327 | 2127 | 1127 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17048 | 110 | 7825 | 5984 | 4429 | 3302 | 2143 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17524 | 11238 | 7968 | 6016 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17698 | 11381 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19016 | 1146 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 159 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18794 | 11476 | 7952 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 175 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17444 | 11206 | 7952 | 6032 | 4476 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12794 | 8333 | 5762 | 4429 | 327 | 2413 | 146 | 778 | 397 | 079 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
619 | 778 | 889 | 889 | 794 | 492 | 286 | 175 | 175 | 063 | 095 | 079 | ||||||||||||
524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
444 | 603 | 667 | 698 | 603 | 397 | 19 | 143 | 175 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
333 | 46 | 492 | 524 | 476 | 27 | 143 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 095 | ||||||||||||
286 | 413 | 444 | 444 | 444 | 238 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 079 | ||||||||||||
254 | 349 | 381 | 397 | 429 | 19 | 095 | 111 | 111 | 063 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Asia | 10 | ||
Europe | 30 | ||
USA | 60 | ||
Others | 13 | ||
Wire and Cable | 31 | ||
Shrink Tube | 17 | ||
Shrink Film | 24 | ||
Tires | 9 | ||
Service Centers | 6 |
Asia | |
Europe | |
USA |
Others | |
Wire and Cable | |
Shrink Tube | |
Shrink Film | |
Tires | |
Service Centers |
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 3
Meeting Agenda
bull 100 PM Introductions
bull 110 PM Background Information on Project Team Members
bull 130 PM Technical Approach Discussion
bull 230 PM Project Structure Task description
bull 240 PM Schedule
bull 250 PM Budget
bull 300 PM Comments and Questions
bull 400 PM Adjourn
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 4
gt Independent not-for-profit research institute established by the natural gas industry
gt GTI tackles tough energy challenges turning raw technology into practical solutions
gt Downhole to the burner tip including energy conversion technologies
GTI Overview
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 5
Diverse Customers from Industry and Government
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 6
GTI provides solutions to clients in the private sector federal government and state government agencies gt 300+ active projectsgt 20 patents issuedgt 10 patent applications
2016 Results
Business Highlights
DIVERSE CUSTOMER BASE
NEWBUSINESS
CONTRACTS
FEDERAL
INDUSTRYUTILITIES
STATELOCAL
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 7
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Oil Crisis
1976Federal Power Commission approved surcharge on pipeline transmission for research funding and Gas Research Institute (GRI) formed1973
1941Institute for Gas Technology (IGT) formed at the Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT)
Company History
FERC Order No 636 Restructuring Rule mandated unbundling to separate sales from transportation services
1992
GRI and IGT combined to form the Gas Technology Institute (GTI)
2000
Dr Henry LindenGRI President
1947 IGT LaboratoryChicago Illinois
Dr James L Johnson Pioneer in Coal Gasification
1970 HYGASreg Pilot Plant Chicago Illinois
1995 U-GASreg PlantShanghai China
2009 GTI Advanced Gasification FacilityDes Plaines Illinois
GRI sponsors Mitchell Energyrsquos first horizontal well in the Barnett shale
1991
George Mitchell
1970 Blue Flame natural gas powered rocket car sets world land speed record of 630 mph
GTI acquires Aerojet Rocketdynersquos fossil energy business
2015
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 8
From Concept to Commercialization
gtPartnering at every phase of the technology development cycle
ENERGY SOLUTIONShellip DELIVERED
Idea
Market Analysis
Technology Analysis
Product Development
Lab and Field Testing
Demonstration
Commercialization
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 9
US Office Locations
Californiabull Oakland West
Sacramento Davis San Ramon Los Angeles (Frontier Energy)
bull Woodland Hills
Illinois bull Chicago
(LocusView)bull Des Plaines
(Headquarters)
New Yorkbull Cazenovia
(CDH Energy)
Texasbull Houstonbull Austin (Frontier Assoc)
Washington DCbull Capitol Hill
OFFICE SUBSIDIARY
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 10
Addressing Key Issues Across the Energy Value Chain
Expanding the supply of clean abundant and affordable natural gas
Ensuring a safe and reliable energy delivery infrastructure
Promoting the clean and efficient use of energy resources
FOR A BETTER ENVIRONMENT AND A BETTER ECONOMY
Transforming natural resources into clean fuels power and chemicals
SUPPLY CONVERSION DELIVERY UTILIZATION
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 11
IBA Industrial - Background
IBA IndustrialGeneral Overview July - 2017
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 13 -
Based in Belgium listed on Euronext Brussels
Focused on particle accelerators
gt400 accelerators worldwide
2016 sales of euro329 million
1200+ people worldwide 40 nationalities
15 offices on 3 continents
IBA in a nutshell
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 14 -
IBArsquos core competence ndash Particle accelerators
Patient or Product
electrons
protons
Particle Accelerators
Proton or electron acceleration
Atom
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 15 -
IBA Main Activities
Proton Therapy
RadioPharma
Dosimetry
Industrial
Cancer treatmentAccurate protonsMinimized side effects55 market share22 IBA supplied centers
Cancer diagnostic160+ Cyclotrons installedSynthera multi-tracer systemFrom Cyclotron to turnkey
Patient and machine QACalibration validation and QA
Used in most hospitals
Industrial applicationsMedical Device Sterilization
Polymer crosslinkingFood pasteurization
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 16 -
IBA Industrial250+ Electron beam accelerators installed worldwide
Americas55
Asia14
EMEA28
ROW3
IBA Installed base
Crosslinking72
RampD9
Sterilization
18
Other1
Applications
36 +Rhodotron
200 +Dynamitron
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 17 -
IBArsquos product portfolio
Dynamitron05 -gt 5 MeV | 160 mA
Electron beam
Rhodotron3 -gt 10 MeV | 245 kW
Electron beam and X-rays
eXelis5 ndash 7 MeV | 560kW
X-rays
Main application E-beam Crosslinking Main application E-beam box sterilization Main application X-ray pallet sterilization
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 18 -
Rhodotron and Dynamitron product ranges
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 19 -
IBA Industrial Inc ndash Markets
Sterilization Crosslinking
Food Sterile Insect
Cargo screeningMail Sanitization
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 20
SUNY - Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 21
SUNY-Environmental Science and Forestry
bull 8 Departments (Bio Paper Sci Forestry Landscape Arch Env Studies Sci Eng
bull 2000 undergrads 550 grad students
Chemistry MS and PhD bull Biochemistrybull Environmental Chemistrybull Organic Natural Products bull Polymer Chemistry
15 Faculty40 grad students
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 22
Professor of ChemistrySUNY-Environmental Science amp Forestry
(tsdibbleesfedu)bull SUNY-ESF
1 of 7 PhD-granting SUNY campusesLocated in Syracuse
bull My Training PhD (Physical Chemistry) U Michigan 1992
bull My Research Group 1 MS 1 PhD 1 undergrad(1 MS and 1 PhD student arriving in Fall)
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Theodore S Dibble
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 23
Research is 90 Kineticsbull Tools Experiment Theory Kinetic Models
Lasers to generate and monitor radicalsGas chromatography-mass spectrometryInfrared spectroscopyQuantum chemistry theoretical kineticsReaction mechanismsLarge kinetic models
bull TopicsAtmospheric ozone and mercuryCombustionElectron beams
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Research Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 24
Previous Work Humid Air (N2 O2 H2O)
Goal understand sources of OH radical (removes SO2 and NOx from flue gas)
bull Started with a published model- added reactions- edited rate constants amp reaction products- iterated until ldquoself-consistentrdquo (~900 reactions)
bull Ran model- tested againstreintepreted exp results- analyzed sources of OH amp error
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Kinetic Modeling of Electron Beams
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 25
bull Software Kintecus Chemical ModelingPlug flow reactorhuge number of reactionsAccurate numerical integration
bull Input ParametersDose rate (Joules absorbedkg gas) from IBAInitial species concentrationsSet of reactions and rate constants
bull Outputs Concentrations vs timeSensitivity coefficients
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Technical Details
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 26
Technical Approach Discussion
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 27
High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products
Sponsor
Funding $799997 DOE ($206000 co-funding) two year effort
Objective Develop a direct electron beam (E-Beam) synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide using carbon dioxide (CO2) captured from a coal-fired power plant and methane (natural gas)
Team Member Rolesbull Overall project integration and managementbull Design construct the E-Beam reactor and the testing unitbull Conceptual design for coal-fired power plants with DEBS
bull Provide guidance in E-Beam reactor design and E-Beam accelerator for testing
bull Develop a kinetic model for the E-Beam reactor
DE-FE0029787
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 28
Project Objectives
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this project is to develop the Direct E-Beam Synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide at relatively low severity (pressure being near one atmosphere and temperatures of lt150degC) from near-pure CO2 captured from a pulverized coal (PC)-fired power plant and methane imported as natural gas Creating valuable products will offset the cost of carbon capture and storage (CCS) The high energy output from an electron beam (E-Beam) accelerator will be used to break chemical bonds The project comprises two budget periods (BP) of 9 and 15 months each for a total duration of 24 months
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 29
Project ObjectivesBP Objectives
1
bull Complete design and manufacture of testing skid with E-Beam reactor for testing at IBAbull Successful commissioning of DEBS equipment at GTI and IBA
bull Identify at least two catalysts to control the recombination and increase the yields for more valuableproducts
bull Develop preliminary predictive kinetic model to guide BP2 testing
2
bull Determine key operating parameters at various E-Beam energies to maximize the per pass conversion of CO2 to valuable products control selectivities between various products and minimize E-Beam energy requirements
bull Identify operating conditions and catalyst combinations to further control selectivities between products and minimize overall energy requirements
bull Review experimental data to optimize and improve preliminary kinetic model developed in BP1bull Complete data analysis and reporting of the experimental runs
bull Complete economical assessment techno-economic analysis and perform life cycle analysis for the process
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 30
Experiments will be conducted in non-catalytic as well as catalytic modes A kinetic model will be developed by SUNY based on the collected data and will be
used to predict the chemical performance of the DEBS process A conceptual design for coupling the DEBS process to a coal-fired power plant will
be developed
This project will expand on the concept of DEBS to Develop a commercially viable process Minimize E-Beam energy requirements Maximize CO2 conversion Selectively control the yield of more valuable products using
catalysts
Innovation non-equilibrium process that breaks bonds directly unlike conventional chemistry that requires heating the entire molecule
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 31
Current technology for the commercial production of acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide requires High temperatures and pressures Expensive catalysts in multiple process steps High capital and operating costs
The DEBS process uses high-energy electron beams to break chemical bonds allowing production of the desired chemicals at near-ambient pressure and temperatures and has been demonstrated by other research groups at bench-scale
Successfully combining DEBS technology with CO2 captured from coal-fired power plant flue gas provides a low-cost energy-efficient process to produce valuable chemicals and reduce emissions
Advantages Over Traditional Processes
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 32
Electron Beam Deposition into Gas
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 33
Electron Beam Primer
V = Voltage (eV)I = Current (amp)V x I = Power (watt)
1eV = Kinetic energy of an electron accelerated to 1 voltCharge of an electron = 1602 x 10-19 coulombs
1 coulomb = 625 x 1018 electrons
Current = ChargeTime1 amp = 1 coulomb 1 sec
1 eV x 1 amp= 1 watt = 1 Jsec1 eV = 1602 x 10-19 J
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 34
Electron Beam Primer
500keV amp 15mAsqin E-Beam on a 1 sq in areaE-Beam power = 750 watt or 750 Jsec
Each electron will have500000 x 1602 x 10-19 = 8 x 10-14 J of energy
E-Beam will have15 x 10-3 1602 x 10-19 = 93633 x 1015 electrons per second
Each electron has the potential to achieve ~100000 interactions
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 35
Industrial Accelerator Design (linear)
Typical Numbers in range of interest450 to 1000 keV25 to 250 mA11 - 100 kW1
Efficiency 45 ndash 602
1 Robert W Hamm RampM Technical Enterprises Inc 9th ICFA Seminar ndash October 30 20082 Applied Energetics httpwwwappliedenergeticscomdownloadsproduct-offeringsnested-high-voltage-generatorpdf3 Kim et Al amp NHV Japan amp Bulgaria Power Plant
Source of Electrons
Acceleration Modules
Electron beam
Large Scale Industrial Applications800 keV500 mA400 kW3
Efficiency up to 883
Vacuum
Foil
Target
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 36
Electron Beam Deposition
Maximum efficiency occurs when electron beam deposition depth is equal to reactor depthDeposition depth depends on these parametersbull Electron beam voltagebull Gas compositionbull Gas pressure (Limited by foil)bull Foil composition and thicknessre
acto
r dep
th=
d
ElectronBeam Voltage ndash Controls how FAR the electrons will go
Current - Controls how MANY electrons will go
Beam Energy
Beam
Dep
th
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 37
Electron Beam Deposition (continued)
Electron beam inVoltage VinCurrent IExposure time T
Electron beam outVoltage Vout = Vin - ∆VCurrent IExposure time T
Dose = ((Vin-Vout) times I times T) M
Dose = energy deposited per unit massUnit of dose 1 Joulekg = 1 Gray
mass M
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 38
Deposition into a Gas Flowing in a Reactor
Flow velocity v
Dose = (V (potential) times I (currentarea) times a (window area) v (velocity)) M (mass)
Mass M
ElectronBeam
e-beam window area = a
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
175 | 159 | 143 | 079 | 016 | 143 | 016 | 048 | 095 | 127 | 159 | 159 | ||||||||||||
143 | 079 | 063 | 063 | 032 | 095 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 095 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 095 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 048 | 063 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
127 | 111 | 063 | 095 | 159 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 238 | 111 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 175 | 19 | 175 | 19 | 111 | 111 | 143 | 143 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
19 | 206 | 206 | 222 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | 063 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
222 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 159 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
238 | 302 | 333 | 349 | 381 | 159 | 111 | 143 | 111 | 048 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
254 | 365 | 413 | 413 | 444 | 206 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 079 | 175 | 063 | ||||||||||||
317 | 429 | 46 | 476 | 46 | 254 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 238 | 079 | ||||||||||||
365 | 476 | 524 | 571 | 508 | 302 | 159 | 127 | 143 | 048 | 206 | 079 | ||||||||||||
413 | 556 | 619 | 667 | 571 | 381 | 175 | 127 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
476 | 635 | 714 | 73 | 635 | 429 | 222 | 159 | 19 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
556 | 714 | 825 | 825 | 73 | 46 | 254 | 175 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
635 | 825 | 952 | 937 | 81 | 54 | 286 | 175 | 159 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
698 | 984 | 1079 | 1032 | 873 | 603 | 333 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
73 | 1159 | 1238 | 1159 | 952 | 683 | 381 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 127 | 079 | ||||||||||||
778 | 1349 | 1429 | 1302 | 1111 | 73 | 429 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
857 | 1587 | 1603 | 1476 | 1238 | 81 | 476 | 27 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
952 | 1889 | 181 | 1651 | 1349 | 889 | 556 | 302 | 159 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1127 | 2238 | 2048 | 1841 | 146 | 984 | 603 | 317 | 19 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1397 | 2651 | 2317 | 2032 | 1603 | 1111 | 635 | 333 | 222 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1937 | 3095 | 2587 | 2238 | 1746 | 1222 | 698 | 381 | 222 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2968 | 3556 | 2889 | 246 | 1873 | 1302 | 762 | 429 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
4333 | 4063 | 3206 | 2667 | 2016 | 1397 | 825 | 46 | 254 | 048 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
5571 | 4603 | 3508 | 2873 | 2175 | 1556 | 889 | 476 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
6587 | 5127 | 3841 | 3079 | 2333 | 1667 | 10 | 524 | 238 | 032 | 175 | 111 | ||||||||||||
7556 | 5667 | 4175 | 3286 | 2492 | 173 | 1063 | 571 | 254 | 048 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
8587 | 6222 | 4476 | 3492 | 2603 | 1873 | 1095 | 603 | 27 | 048 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
9635 | 6746 | 4762 | 3714 | 273 | 2016 | 119 | 667 | 302 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
10619 | 7206 | 5048 | 3937 | 2889 | 2111 | 1286 | 698 | 333 | 095 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
11524 | 7635 | 5349 | 4143 | 3063 | 2222 | 1349 | 714 | 365 | 063 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12365 | 8079 | 5619 | 4317 | 319 | 2349 | 1413 | 762 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
13048 | 8508 | 5857 | 4508 | 3302 | 2444 | 1492 | 794 | 397 | 095 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13603 | 8825 | 6111 | 4667 | 3444 | 2508 | 1571 | 825 | 397 | 127 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14095 | 9095 | 6365 | 4841 | 3556 | 2635 | 1619 | 857 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14444 | 9365 | 6556 | 50 | 3683 | 2746 | 1683 | 921 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14746 | 9603 | 6714 | 5159 | 381 | 2794 | 1746 | 937 | 413 | 159 | 143 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15048 | 9841 | 6889 | 5286 | 3921 | 2873 | 181 | 968 | 444 | 175 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15349 | 10016 | 7079 | 5397 | 40 | 2968 | 1873 | 10 | 46 | 159 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15587 | 10206 | 7206 | 5508 | 4095 | 3032 | 1952 | 1048 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15778 | 10349 | 7317 | 5635 | 4159 | 3048 | 2016 | 1079 | 46 | 143 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
16048 | 10476 | 7444 | 573 | 4222 | 3127 | 2032 | 1095 | 492 | 127 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16571 | 10762 | 7587 | 5841 | 4333 | 3254 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16873 | 10889 | 7714 | 5905 | 4397 | 327 | 2127 | 1127 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17048 | 110 | 7825 | 5984 | 4429 | 3302 | 2143 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17524 | 11238 | 7968 | 6016 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17698 | 11381 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19016 | 1146 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 159 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18794 | 11476 | 7952 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 175 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17444 | 11206 | 7952 | 6032 | 4476 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12794 | 8333 | 5762 | 4429 | 327 | 2413 | 146 | 778 | 397 | 079 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
619 | 778 | 889 | 889 | 794 | 492 | 286 | 175 | 175 | 063 | 095 | 079 | ||||||||||||
524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
444 | 603 | 667 | 698 | 603 | 397 | 19 | 143 | 175 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
333 | 46 | 492 | 524 | 476 | 27 | 143 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 095 | ||||||||||||
286 | 413 | 444 | 444 | 444 | 238 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 079 | ||||||||||||
254 | 349 | 381 | 397 | 429 | 19 | 095 | 111 | 111 | 063 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Asia | 10 | ||
Europe | 30 | ||
USA | 60 | ||
Others | 13 | ||
Wire and Cable | 31 | ||
Shrink Tube | 17 | ||
Shrink Film | 24 | ||
Tires | 9 | ||
Service Centers | 6 |
Asia | |
Europe | |
USA |
Others | |
Wire and Cable | |
Shrink Tube | |
Shrink Film | |
Tires | |
Service Centers |
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 4
gt Independent not-for-profit research institute established by the natural gas industry
gt GTI tackles tough energy challenges turning raw technology into practical solutions
gt Downhole to the burner tip including energy conversion technologies
GTI Overview
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 5
Diverse Customers from Industry and Government
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 6
GTI provides solutions to clients in the private sector federal government and state government agencies gt 300+ active projectsgt 20 patents issuedgt 10 patent applications
2016 Results
Business Highlights
DIVERSE CUSTOMER BASE
NEWBUSINESS
CONTRACTS
FEDERAL
INDUSTRYUTILITIES
STATELOCAL
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 7
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Oil Crisis
1976Federal Power Commission approved surcharge on pipeline transmission for research funding and Gas Research Institute (GRI) formed1973
1941Institute for Gas Technology (IGT) formed at the Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT)
Company History
FERC Order No 636 Restructuring Rule mandated unbundling to separate sales from transportation services
1992
GRI and IGT combined to form the Gas Technology Institute (GTI)
2000
Dr Henry LindenGRI President
1947 IGT LaboratoryChicago Illinois
Dr James L Johnson Pioneer in Coal Gasification
1970 HYGASreg Pilot Plant Chicago Illinois
1995 U-GASreg PlantShanghai China
2009 GTI Advanced Gasification FacilityDes Plaines Illinois
GRI sponsors Mitchell Energyrsquos first horizontal well in the Barnett shale
1991
George Mitchell
1970 Blue Flame natural gas powered rocket car sets world land speed record of 630 mph
GTI acquires Aerojet Rocketdynersquos fossil energy business
2015
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 8
From Concept to Commercialization
gtPartnering at every phase of the technology development cycle
ENERGY SOLUTIONShellip DELIVERED
Idea
Market Analysis
Technology Analysis
Product Development
Lab and Field Testing
Demonstration
Commercialization
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 9
US Office Locations
Californiabull Oakland West
Sacramento Davis San Ramon Los Angeles (Frontier Energy)
bull Woodland Hills
Illinois bull Chicago
(LocusView)bull Des Plaines
(Headquarters)
New Yorkbull Cazenovia
(CDH Energy)
Texasbull Houstonbull Austin (Frontier Assoc)
Washington DCbull Capitol Hill
OFFICE SUBSIDIARY
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 10
Addressing Key Issues Across the Energy Value Chain
Expanding the supply of clean abundant and affordable natural gas
Ensuring a safe and reliable energy delivery infrastructure
Promoting the clean and efficient use of energy resources
FOR A BETTER ENVIRONMENT AND A BETTER ECONOMY
Transforming natural resources into clean fuels power and chemicals
SUPPLY CONVERSION DELIVERY UTILIZATION
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 11
IBA Industrial - Background
IBA IndustrialGeneral Overview July - 2017
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 13 -
Based in Belgium listed on Euronext Brussels
Focused on particle accelerators
gt400 accelerators worldwide
2016 sales of euro329 million
1200+ people worldwide 40 nationalities
15 offices on 3 continents
IBA in a nutshell
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 14 -
IBArsquos core competence ndash Particle accelerators
Patient or Product
electrons
protons
Particle Accelerators
Proton or electron acceleration
Atom
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 15 -
IBA Main Activities
Proton Therapy
RadioPharma
Dosimetry
Industrial
Cancer treatmentAccurate protonsMinimized side effects55 market share22 IBA supplied centers
Cancer diagnostic160+ Cyclotrons installedSynthera multi-tracer systemFrom Cyclotron to turnkey
Patient and machine QACalibration validation and QA
Used in most hospitals
Industrial applicationsMedical Device Sterilization
Polymer crosslinkingFood pasteurization
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 16 -
IBA Industrial250+ Electron beam accelerators installed worldwide
Americas55
Asia14
EMEA28
ROW3
IBA Installed base
Crosslinking72
RampD9
Sterilization
18
Other1
Applications
36 +Rhodotron
200 +Dynamitron
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 17 -
IBArsquos product portfolio
Dynamitron05 -gt 5 MeV | 160 mA
Electron beam
Rhodotron3 -gt 10 MeV | 245 kW
Electron beam and X-rays
eXelis5 ndash 7 MeV | 560kW
X-rays
Main application E-beam Crosslinking Main application E-beam box sterilization Main application X-ray pallet sterilization
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 18 -
Rhodotron and Dynamitron product ranges
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 19 -
IBA Industrial Inc ndash Markets
Sterilization Crosslinking
Food Sterile Insect
Cargo screeningMail Sanitization
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 20
SUNY - Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 21
SUNY-Environmental Science and Forestry
bull 8 Departments (Bio Paper Sci Forestry Landscape Arch Env Studies Sci Eng
bull 2000 undergrads 550 grad students
Chemistry MS and PhD bull Biochemistrybull Environmental Chemistrybull Organic Natural Products bull Polymer Chemistry
15 Faculty40 grad students
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 22
Professor of ChemistrySUNY-Environmental Science amp Forestry
(tsdibbleesfedu)bull SUNY-ESF
1 of 7 PhD-granting SUNY campusesLocated in Syracuse
bull My Training PhD (Physical Chemistry) U Michigan 1992
bull My Research Group 1 MS 1 PhD 1 undergrad(1 MS and 1 PhD student arriving in Fall)
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Theodore S Dibble
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 23
Research is 90 Kineticsbull Tools Experiment Theory Kinetic Models
Lasers to generate and monitor radicalsGas chromatography-mass spectrometryInfrared spectroscopyQuantum chemistry theoretical kineticsReaction mechanismsLarge kinetic models
bull TopicsAtmospheric ozone and mercuryCombustionElectron beams
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Research Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 24
Previous Work Humid Air (N2 O2 H2O)
Goal understand sources of OH radical (removes SO2 and NOx from flue gas)
bull Started with a published model- added reactions- edited rate constants amp reaction products- iterated until ldquoself-consistentrdquo (~900 reactions)
bull Ran model- tested againstreintepreted exp results- analyzed sources of OH amp error
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Kinetic Modeling of Electron Beams
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 25
bull Software Kintecus Chemical ModelingPlug flow reactorhuge number of reactionsAccurate numerical integration
bull Input ParametersDose rate (Joules absorbedkg gas) from IBAInitial species concentrationsSet of reactions and rate constants
bull Outputs Concentrations vs timeSensitivity coefficients
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Technical Details
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 26
Technical Approach Discussion
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 27
High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products
Sponsor
Funding $799997 DOE ($206000 co-funding) two year effort
Objective Develop a direct electron beam (E-Beam) synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide using carbon dioxide (CO2) captured from a coal-fired power plant and methane (natural gas)
Team Member Rolesbull Overall project integration and managementbull Design construct the E-Beam reactor and the testing unitbull Conceptual design for coal-fired power plants with DEBS
bull Provide guidance in E-Beam reactor design and E-Beam accelerator for testing
bull Develop a kinetic model for the E-Beam reactor
DE-FE0029787
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 28
Project Objectives
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this project is to develop the Direct E-Beam Synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide at relatively low severity (pressure being near one atmosphere and temperatures of lt150degC) from near-pure CO2 captured from a pulverized coal (PC)-fired power plant and methane imported as natural gas Creating valuable products will offset the cost of carbon capture and storage (CCS) The high energy output from an electron beam (E-Beam) accelerator will be used to break chemical bonds The project comprises two budget periods (BP) of 9 and 15 months each for a total duration of 24 months
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 29
Project ObjectivesBP Objectives
1
bull Complete design and manufacture of testing skid with E-Beam reactor for testing at IBAbull Successful commissioning of DEBS equipment at GTI and IBA
bull Identify at least two catalysts to control the recombination and increase the yields for more valuableproducts
bull Develop preliminary predictive kinetic model to guide BP2 testing
2
bull Determine key operating parameters at various E-Beam energies to maximize the per pass conversion of CO2 to valuable products control selectivities between various products and minimize E-Beam energy requirements
bull Identify operating conditions and catalyst combinations to further control selectivities between products and minimize overall energy requirements
bull Review experimental data to optimize and improve preliminary kinetic model developed in BP1bull Complete data analysis and reporting of the experimental runs
bull Complete economical assessment techno-economic analysis and perform life cycle analysis for the process
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 30
Experiments will be conducted in non-catalytic as well as catalytic modes A kinetic model will be developed by SUNY based on the collected data and will be
used to predict the chemical performance of the DEBS process A conceptual design for coupling the DEBS process to a coal-fired power plant will
be developed
This project will expand on the concept of DEBS to Develop a commercially viable process Minimize E-Beam energy requirements Maximize CO2 conversion Selectively control the yield of more valuable products using
catalysts
Innovation non-equilibrium process that breaks bonds directly unlike conventional chemistry that requires heating the entire molecule
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 31
Current technology for the commercial production of acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide requires High temperatures and pressures Expensive catalysts in multiple process steps High capital and operating costs
The DEBS process uses high-energy electron beams to break chemical bonds allowing production of the desired chemicals at near-ambient pressure and temperatures and has been demonstrated by other research groups at bench-scale
Successfully combining DEBS technology with CO2 captured from coal-fired power plant flue gas provides a low-cost energy-efficient process to produce valuable chemicals and reduce emissions
Advantages Over Traditional Processes
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 32
Electron Beam Deposition into Gas
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 33
Electron Beam Primer
V = Voltage (eV)I = Current (amp)V x I = Power (watt)
1eV = Kinetic energy of an electron accelerated to 1 voltCharge of an electron = 1602 x 10-19 coulombs
1 coulomb = 625 x 1018 electrons
Current = ChargeTime1 amp = 1 coulomb 1 sec
1 eV x 1 amp= 1 watt = 1 Jsec1 eV = 1602 x 10-19 J
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 34
Electron Beam Primer
500keV amp 15mAsqin E-Beam on a 1 sq in areaE-Beam power = 750 watt or 750 Jsec
Each electron will have500000 x 1602 x 10-19 = 8 x 10-14 J of energy
E-Beam will have15 x 10-3 1602 x 10-19 = 93633 x 1015 electrons per second
Each electron has the potential to achieve ~100000 interactions
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 35
Industrial Accelerator Design (linear)
Typical Numbers in range of interest450 to 1000 keV25 to 250 mA11 - 100 kW1
Efficiency 45 ndash 602
1 Robert W Hamm RampM Technical Enterprises Inc 9th ICFA Seminar ndash October 30 20082 Applied Energetics httpwwwappliedenergeticscomdownloadsproduct-offeringsnested-high-voltage-generatorpdf3 Kim et Al amp NHV Japan amp Bulgaria Power Plant
Source of Electrons
Acceleration Modules
Electron beam
Large Scale Industrial Applications800 keV500 mA400 kW3
Efficiency up to 883
Vacuum
Foil
Target
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 36
Electron Beam Deposition
Maximum efficiency occurs when electron beam deposition depth is equal to reactor depthDeposition depth depends on these parametersbull Electron beam voltagebull Gas compositionbull Gas pressure (Limited by foil)bull Foil composition and thicknessre
acto
r dep
th=
d
ElectronBeam Voltage ndash Controls how FAR the electrons will go
Current - Controls how MANY electrons will go
Beam Energy
Beam
Dep
th
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 37
Electron Beam Deposition (continued)
Electron beam inVoltage VinCurrent IExposure time T
Electron beam outVoltage Vout = Vin - ∆VCurrent IExposure time T
Dose = ((Vin-Vout) times I times T) M
Dose = energy deposited per unit massUnit of dose 1 Joulekg = 1 Gray
mass M
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 38
Deposition into a Gas Flowing in a Reactor
Flow velocity v
Dose = (V (potential) times I (currentarea) times a (window area) v (velocity)) M (mass)
Mass M
ElectronBeam
e-beam window area = a
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
175 | 159 | 143 | 079 | 016 | 143 | 016 | 048 | 095 | 127 | 159 | 159 | ||||||||||||
143 | 079 | 063 | 063 | 032 | 095 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 095 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 095 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 048 | 063 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
127 | 111 | 063 | 095 | 159 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 238 | 111 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 175 | 19 | 175 | 19 | 111 | 111 | 143 | 143 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
19 | 206 | 206 | 222 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | 063 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
222 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 159 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
238 | 302 | 333 | 349 | 381 | 159 | 111 | 143 | 111 | 048 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
254 | 365 | 413 | 413 | 444 | 206 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 079 | 175 | 063 | ||||||||||||
317 | 429 | 46 | 476 | 46 | 254 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 238 | 079 | ||||||||||||
365 | 476 | 524 | 571 | 508 | 302 | 159 | 127 | 143 | 048 | 206 | 079 | ||||||||||||
413 | 556 | 619 | 667 | 571 | 381 | 175 | 127 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
476 | 635 | 714 | 73 | 635 | 429 | 222 | 159 | 19 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
556 | 714 | 825 | 825 | 73 | 46 | 254 | 175 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
635 | 825 | 952 | 937 | 81 | 54 | 286 | 175 | 159 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
698 | 984 | 1079 | 1032 | 873 | 603 | 333 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
73 | 1159 | 1238 | 1159 | 952 | 683 | 381 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 127 | 079 | ||||||||||||
778 | 1349 | 1429 | 1302 | 1111 | 73 | 429 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
857 | 1587 | 1603 | 1476 | 1238 | 81 | 476 | 27 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
952 | 1889 | 181 | 1651 | 1349 | 889 | 556 | 302 | 159 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1127 | 2238 | 2048 | 1841 | 146 | 984 | 603 | 317 | 19 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1397 | 2651 | 2317 | 2032 | 1603 | 1111 | 635 | 333 | 222 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1937 | 3095 | 2587 | 2238 | 1746 | 1222 | 698 | 381 | 222 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2968 | 3556 | 2889 | 246 | 1873 | 1302 | 762 | 429 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
4333 | 4063 | 3206 | 2667 | 2016 | 1397 | 825 | 46 | 254 | 048 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
5571 | 4603 | 3508 | 2873 | 2175 | 1556 | 889 | 476 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
6587 | 5127 | 3841 | 3079 | 2333 | 1667 | 10 | 524 | 238 | 032 | 175 | 111 | ||||||||||||
7556 | 5667 | 4175 | 3286 | 2492 | 173 | 1063 | 571 | 254 | 048 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
8587 | 6222 | 4476 | 3492 | 2603 | 1873 | 1095 | 603 | 27 | 048 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
9635 | 6746 | 4762 | 3714 | 273 | 2016 | 119 | 667 | 302 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
10619 | 7206 | 5048 | 3937 | 2889 | 2111 | 1286 | 698 | 333 | 095 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
11524 | 7635 | 5349 | 4143 | 3063 | 2222 | 1349 | 714 | 365 | 063 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12365 | 8079 | 5619 | 4317 | 319 | 2349 | 1413 | 762 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
13048 | 8508 | 5857 | 4508 | 3302 | 2444 | 1492 | 794 | 397 | 095 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13603 | 8825 | 6111 | 4667 | 3444 | 2508 | 1571 | 825 | 397 | 127 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14095 | 9095 | 6365 | 4841 | 3556 | 2635 | 1619 | 857 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14444 | 9365 | 6556 | 50 | 3683 | 2746 | 1683 | 921 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14746 | 9603 | 6714 | 5159 | 381 | 2794 | 1746 | 937 | 413 | 159 | 143 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15048 | 9841 | 6889 | 5286 | 3921 | 2873 | 181 | 968 | 444 | 175 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15349 | 10016 | 7079 | 5397 | 40 | 2968 | 1873 | 10 | 46 | 159 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15587 | 10206 | 7206 | 5508 | 4095 | 3032 | 1952 | 1048 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15778 | 10349 | 7317 | 5635 | 4159 | 3048 | 2016 | 1079 | 46 | 143 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
16048 | 10476 | 7444 | 573 | 4222 | 3127 | 2032 | 1095 | 492 | 127 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16571 | 10762 | 7587 | 5841 | 4333 | 3254 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16873 | 10889 | 7714 | 5905 | 4397 | 327 | 2127 | 1127 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17048 | 110 | 7825 | 5984 | 4429 | 3302 | 2143 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17524 | 11238 | 7968 | 6016 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17698 | 11381 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19016 | 1146 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 159 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18794 | 11476 | 7952 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 175 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17444 | 11206 | 7952 | 6032 | 4476 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12794 | 8333 | 5762 | 4429 | 327 | 2413 | 146 | 778 | 397 | 079 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
619 | 778 | 889 | 889 | 794 | 492 | 286 | 175 | 175 | 063 | 095 | 079 | ||||||||||||
524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
444 | 603 | 667 | 698 | 603 | 397 | 19 | 143 | 175 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
333 | 46 | 492 | 524 | 476 | 27 | 143 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 095 | ||||||||||||
286 | 413 | 444 | 444 | 444 | 238 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 079 | ||||||||||||
254 | 349 | 381 | 397 | 429 | 19 | 095 | 111 | 111 | 063 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Asia | 10 | ||
Europe | 30 | ||
USA | 60 | ||
Others | 13 | ||
Wire and Cable | 31 | ||
Shrink Tube | 17 | ||
Shrink Film | 24 | ||
Tires | 9 | ||
Service Centers | 6 |
Asia | |
Europe | |
USA |
Others | |
Wire and Cable | |
Shrink Tube | |
Shrink Film | |
Tires | |
Service Centers |
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 5
Diverse Customers from Industry and Government
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 6
GTI provides solutions to clients in the private sector federal government and state government agencies gt 300+ active projectsgt 20 patents issuedgt 10 patent applications
2016 Results
Business Highlights
DIVERSE CUSTOMER BASE
NEWBUSINESS
CONTRACTS
FEDERAL
INDUSTRYUTILITIES
STATELOCAL
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 7
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Oil Crisis
1976Federal Power Commission approved surcharge on pipeline transmission for research funding and Gas Research Institute (GRI) formed1973
1941Institute for Gas Technology (IGT) formed at the Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT)
Company History
FERC Order No 636 Restructuring Rule mandated unbundling to separate sales from transportation services
1992
GRI and IGT combined to form the Gas Technology Institute (GTI)
2000
Dr Henry LindenGRI President
1947 IGT LaboratoryChicago Illinois
Dr James L Johnson Pioneer in Coal Gasification
1970 HYGASreg Pilot Plant Chicago Illinois
1995 U-GASreg PlantShanghai China
2009 GTI Advanced Gasification FacilityDes Plaines Illinois
GRI sponsors Mitchell Energyrsquos first horizontal well in the Barnett shale
1991
George Mitchell
1970 Blue Flame natural gas powered rocket car sets world land speed record of 630 mph
GTI acquires Aerojet Rocketdynersquos fossil energy business
2015
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 8
From Concept to Commercialization
gtPartnering at every phase of the technology development cycle
ENERGY SOLUTIONShellip DELIVERED
Idea
Market Analysis
Technology Analysis
Product Development
Lab and Field Testing
Demonstration
Commercialization
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 9
US Office Locations
Californiabull Oakland West
Sacramento Davis San Ramon Los Angeles (Frontier Energy)
bull Woodland Hills
Illinois bull Chicago
(LocusView)bull Des Plaines
(Headquarters)
New Yorkbull Cazenovia
(CDH Energy)
Texasbull Houstonbull Austin (Frontier Assoc)
Washington DCbull Capitol Hill
OFFICE SUBSIDIARY
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 10
Addressing Key Issues Across the Energy Value Chain
Expanding the supply of clean abundant and affordable natural gas
Ensuring a safe and reliable energy delivery infrastructure
Promoting the clean and efficient use of energy resources
FOR A BETTER ENVIRONMENT AND A BETTER ECONOMY
Transforming natural resources into clean fuels power and chemicals
SUPPLY CONVERSION DELIVERY UTILIZATION
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 11
IBA Industrial - Background
IBA IndustrialGeneral Overview July - 2017
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 13 -
Based in Belgium listed on Euronext Brussels
Focused on particle accelerators
gt400 accelerators worldwide
2016 sales of euro329 million
1200+ people worldwide 40 nationalities
15 offices on 3 continents
IBA in a nutshell
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 14 -
IBArsquos core competence ndash Particle accelerators
Patient or Product
electrons
protons
Particle Accelerators
Proton or electron acceleration
Atom
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 15 -
IBA Main Activities
Proton Therapy
RadioPharma
Dosimetry
Industrial
Cancer treatmentAccurate protonsMinimized side effects55 market share22 IBA supplied centers
Cancer diagnostic160+ Cyclotrons installedSynthera multi-tracer systemFrom Cyclotron to turnkey
Patient and machine QACalibration validation and QA
Used in most hospitals
Industrial applicationsMedical Device Sterilization
Polymer crosslinkingFood pasteurization
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 16 -
IBA Industrial250+ Electron beam accelerators installed worldwide
Americas55
Asia14
EMEA28
ROW3
IBA Installed base
Crosslinking72
RampD9
Sterilization
18
Other1
Applications
36 +Rhodotron
200 +Dynamitron
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 17 -
IBArsquos product portfolio
Dynamitron05 -gt 5 MeV | 160 mA
Electron beam
Rhodotron3 -gt 10 MeV | 245 kW
Electron beam and X-rays
eXelis5 ndash 7 MeV | 560kW
X-rays
Main application E-beam Crosslinking Main application E-beam box sterilization Main application X-ray pallet sterilization
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 18 -
Rhodotron and Dynamitron product ranges
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 19 -
IBA Industrial Inc ndash Markets
Sterilization Crosslinking
Food Sterile Insect
Cargo screeningMail Sanitization
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 20
SUNY - Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 21
SUNY-Environmental Science and Forestry
bull 8 Departments (Bio Paper Sci Forestry Landscape Arch Env Studies Sci Eng
bull 2000 undergrads 550 grad students
Chemistry MS and PhD bull Biochemistrybull Environmental Chemistrybull Organic Natural Products bull Polymer Chemistry
15 Faculty40 grad students
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 22
Professor of ChemistrySUNY-Environmental Science amp Forestry
(tsdibbleesfedu)bull SUNY-ESF
1 of 7 PhD-granting SUNY campusesLocated in Syracuse
bull My Training PhD (Physical Chemistry) U Michigan 1992
bull My Research Group 1 MS 1 PhD 1 undergrad(1 MS and 1 PhD student arriving in Fall)
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Theodore S Dibble
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 23
Research is 90 Kineticsbull Tools Experiment Theory Kinetic Models
Lasers to generate and monitor radicalsGas chromatography-mass spectrometryInfrared spectroscopyQuantum chemistry theoretical kineticsReaction mechanismsLarge kinetic models
bull TopicsAtmospheric ozone and mercuryCombustionElectron beams
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Research Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 24
Previous Work Humid Air (N2 O2 H2O)
Goal understand sources of OH radical (removes SO2 and NOx from flue gas)
bull Started with a published model- added reactions- edited rate constants amp reaction products- iterated until ldquoself-consistentrdquo (~900 reactions)
bull Ran model- tested againstreintepreted exp results- analyzed sources of OH amp error
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Kinetic Modeling of Electron Beams
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 25
bull Software Kintecus Chemical ModelingPlug flow reactorhuge number of reactionsAccurate numerical integration
bull Input ParametersDose rate (Joules absorbedkg gas) from IBAInitial species concentrationsSet of reactions and rate constants
bull Outputs Concentrations vs timeSensitivity coefficients
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Technical Details
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 26
Technical Approach Discussion
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 27
High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products
Sponsor
Funding $799997 DOE ($206000 co-funding) two year effort
Objective Develop a direct electron beam (E-Beam) synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide using carbon dioxide (CO2) captured from a coal-fired power plant and methane (natural gas)
Team Member Rolesbull Overall project integration and managementbull Design construct the E-Beam reactor and the testing unitbull Conceptual design for coal-fired power plants with DEBS
bull Provide guidance in E-Beam reactor design and E-Beam accelerator for testing
bull Develop a kinetic model for the E-Beam reactor
DE-FE0029787
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 28
Project Objectives
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this project is to develop the Direct E-Beam Synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide at relatively low severity (pressure being near one atmosphere and temperatures of lt150degC) from near-pure CO2 captured from a pulverized coal (PC)-fired power plant and methane imported as natural gas Creating valuable products will offset the cost of carbon capture and storage (CCS) The high energy output from an electron beam (E-Beam) accelerator will be used to break chemical bonds The project comprises two budget periods (BP) of 9 and 15 months each for a total duration of 24 months
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 29
Project ObjectivesBP Objectives
1
bull Complete design and manufacture of testing skid with E-Beam reactor for testing at IBAbull Successful commissioning of DEBS equipment at GTI and IBA
bull Identify at least two catalysts to control the recombination and increase the yields for more valuableproducts
bull Develop preliminary predictive kinetic model to guide BP2 testing
2
bull Determine key operating parameters at various E-Beam energies to maximize the per pass conversion of CO2 to valuable products control selectivities between various products and minimize E-Beam energy requirements
bull Identify operating conditions and catalyst combinations to further control selectivities between products and minimize overall energy requirements
bull Review experimental data to optimize and improve preliminary kinetic model developed in BP1bull Complete data analysis and reporting of the experimental runs
bull Complete economical assessment techno-economic analysis and perform life cycle analysis for the process
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 30
Experiments will be conducted in non-catalytic as well as catalytic modes A kinetic model will be developed by SUNY based on the collected data and will be
used to predict the chemical performance of the DEBS process A conceptual design for coupling the DEBS process to a coal-fired power plant will
be developed
This project will expand on the concept of DEBS to Develop a commercially viable process Minimize E-Beam energy requirements Maximize CO2 conversion Selectively control the yield of more valuable products using
catalysts
Innovation non-equilibrium process that breaks bonds directly unlike conventional chemistry that requires heating the entire molecule
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 31
Current technology for the commercial production of acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide requires High temperatures and pressures Expensive catalysts in multiple process steps High capital and operating costs
The DEBS process uses high-energy electron beams to break chemical bonds allowing production of the desired chemicals at near-ambient pressure and temperatures and has been demonstrated by other research groups at bench-scale
Successfully combining DEBS technology with CO2 captured from coal-fired power plant flue gas provides a low-cost energy-efficient process to produce valuable chemicals and reduce emissions
Advantages Over Traditional Processes
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 32
Electron Beam Deposition into Gas
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 33
Electron Beam Primer
V = Voltage (eV)I = Current (amp)V x I = Power (watt)
1eV = Kinetic energy of an electron accelerated to 1 voltCharge of an electron = 1602 x 10-19 coulombs
1 coulomb = 625 x 1018 electrons
Current = ChargeTime1 amp = 1 coulomb 1 sec
1 eV x 1 amp= 1 watt = 1 Jsec1 eV = 1602 x 10-19 J
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 34
Electron Beam Primer
500keV amp 15mAsqin E-Beam on a 1 sq in areaE-Beam power = 750 watt or 750 Jsec
Each electron will have500000 x 1602 x 10-19 = 8 x 10-14 J of energy
E-Beam will have15 x 10-3 1602 x 10-19 = 93633 x 1015 electrons per second
Each electron has the potential to achieve ~100000 interactions
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 35
Industrial Accelerator Design (linear)
Typical Numbers in range of interest450 to 1000 keV25 to 250 mA11 - 100 kW1
Efficiency 45 ndash 602
1 Robert W Hamm RampM Technical Enterprises Inc 9th ICFA Seminar ndash October 30 20082 Applied Energetics httpwwwappliedenergeticscomdownloadsproduct-offeringsnested-high-voltage-generatorpdf3 Kim et Al amp NHV Japan amp Bulgaria Power Plant
Source of Electrons
Acceleration Modules
Electron beam
Large Scale Industrial Applications800 keV500 mA400 kW3
Efficiency up to 883
Vacuum
Foil
Target
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 36
Electron Beam Deposition
Maximum efficiency occurs when electron beam deposition depth is equal to reactor depthDeposition depth depends on these parametersbull Electron beam voltagebull Gas compositionbull Gas pressure (Limited by foil)bull Foil composition and thicknessre
acto
r dep
th=
d
ElectronBeam Voltage ndash Controls how FAR the electrons will go
Current - Controls how MANY electrons will go
Beam Energy
Beam
Dep
th
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 37
Electron Beam Deposition (continued)
Electron beam inVoltage VinCurrent IExposure time T
Electron beam outVoltage Vout = Vin - ∆VCurrent IExposure time T
Dose = ((Vin-Vout) times I times T) M
Dose = energy deposited per unit massUnit of dose 1 Joulekg = 1 Gray
mass M
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 38
Deposition into a Gas Flowing in a Reactor
Flow velocity v
Dose = (V (potential) times I (currentarea) times a (window area) v (velocity)) M (mass)
Mass M
ElectronBeam
e-beam window area = a
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
175 | 159 | 143 | 079 | 016 | 143 | 016 | 048 | 095 | 127 | 159 | 159 | ||||||||||||
143 | 079 | 063 | 063 | 032 | 095 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 095 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 095 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 048 | 063 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
127 | 111 | 063 | 095 | 159 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 238 | 111 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 175 | 19 | 175 | 19 | 111 | 111 | 143 | 143 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
19 | 206 | 206 | 222 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | 063 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
222 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 159 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
238 | 302 | 333 | 349 | 381 | 159 | 111 | 143 | 111 | 048 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
254 | 365 | 413 | 413 | 444 | 206 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 079 | 175 | 063 | ||||||||||||
317 | 429 | 46 | 476 | 46 | 254 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 238 | 079 | ||||||||||||
365 | 476 | 524 | 571 | 508 | 302 | 159 | 127 | 143 | 048 | 206 | 079 | ||||||||||||
413 | 556 | 619 | 667 | 571 | 381 | 175 | 127 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
476 | 635 | 714 | 73 | 635 | 429 | 222 | 159 | 19 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
556 | 714 | 825 | 825 | 73 | 46 | 254 | 175 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
635 | 825 | 952 | 937 | 81 | 54 | 286 | 175 | 159 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
698 | 984 | 1079 | 1032 | 873 | 603 | 333 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
73 | 1159 | 1238 | 1159 | 952 | 683 | 381 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 127 | 079 | ||||||||||||
778 | 1349 | 1429 | 1302 | 1111 | 73 | 429 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
857 | 1587 | 1603 | 1476 | 1238 | 81 | 476 | 27 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
952 | 1889 | 181 | 1651 | 1349 | 889 | 556 | 302 | 159 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1127 | 2238 | 2048 | 1841 | 146 | 984 | 603 | 317 | 19 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1397 | 2651 | 2317 | 2032 | 1603 | 1111 | 635 | 333 | 222 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1937 | 3095 | 2587 | 2238 | 1746 | 1222 | 698 | 381 | 222 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2968 | 3556 | 2889 | 246 | 1873 | 1302 | 762 | 429 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
4333 | 4063 | 3206 | 2667 | 2016 | 1397 | 825 | 46 | 254 | 048 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
5571 | 4603 | 3508 | 2873 | 2175 | 1556 | 889 | 476 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
6587 | 5127 | 3841 | 3079 | 2333 | 1667 | 10 | 524 | 238 | 032 | 175 | 111 | ||||||||||||
7556 | 5667 | 4175 | 3286 | 2492 | 173 | 1063 | 571 | 254 | 048 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
8587 | 6222 | 4476 | 3492 | 2603 | 1873 | 1095 | 603 | 27 | 048 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
9635 | 6746 | 4762 | 3714 | 273 | 2016 | 119 | 667 | 302 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
10619 | 7206 | 5048 | 3937 | 2889 | 2111 | 1286 | 698 | 333 | 095 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
11524 | 7635 | 5349 | 4143 | 3063 | 2222 | 1349 | 714 | 365 | 063 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12365 | 8079 | 5619 | 4317 | 319 | 2349 | 1413 | 762 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
13048 | 8508 | 5857 | 4508 | 3302 | 2444 | 1492 | 794 | 397 | 095 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13603 | 8825 | 6111 | 4667 | 3444 | 2508 | 1571 | 825 | 397 | 127 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14095 | 9095 | 6365 | 4841 | 3556 | 2635 | 1619 | 857 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14444 | 9365 | 6556 | 50 | 3683 | 2746 | 1683 | 921 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14746 | 9603 | 6714 | 5159 | 381 | 2794 | 1746 | 937 | 413 | 159 | 143 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15048 | 9841 | 6889 | 5286 | 3921 | 2873 | 181 | 968 | 444 | 175 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15349 | 10016 | 7079 | 5397 | 40 | 2968 | 1873 | 10 | 46 | 159 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15587 | 10206 | 7206 | 5508 | 4095 | 3032 | 1952 | 1048 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15778 | 10349 | 7317 | 5635 | 4159 | 3048 | 2016 | 1079 | 46 | 143 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
16048 | 10476 | 7444 | 573 | 4222 | 3127 | 2032 | 1095 | 492 | 127 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16571 | 10762 | 7587 | 5841 | 4333 | 3254 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16873 | 10889 | 7714 | 5905 | 4397 | 327 | 2127 | 1127 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17048 | 110 | 7825 | 5984 | 4429 | 3302 | 2143 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17524 | 11238 | 7968 | 6016 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17698 | 11381 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19016 | 1146 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 159 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18794 | 11476 | 7952 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 175 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17444 | 11206 | 7952 | 6032 | 4476 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12794 | 8333 | 5762 | 4429 | 327 | 2413 | 146 | 778 | 397 | 079 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
619 | 778 | 889 | 889 | 794 | 492 | 286 | 175 | 175 | 063 | 095 | 079 | ||||||||||||
524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
444 | 603 | 667 | 698 | 603 | 397 | 19 | 143 | 175 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
333 | 46 | 492 | 524 | 476 | 27 | 143 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 095 | ||||||||||||
286 | 413 | 444 | 444 | 444 | 238 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 079 | ||||||||||||
254 | 349 | 381 | 397 | 429 | 19 | 095 | 111 | 111 | 063 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Asia | 10 | ||
Europe | 30 | ||
USA | 60 | ||
Others | 13 | ||
Wire and Cable | 31 | ||
Shrink Tube | 17 | ||
Shrink Film | 24 | ||
Tires | 9 | ||
Service Centers | 6 |
Asia | |
Europe | |
USA |
Others | |
Wire and Cable | |
Shrink Tube | |
Shrink Film | |
Tires | |
Service Centers |
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 6
GTI provides solutions to clients in the private sector federal government and state government agencies gt 300+ active projectsgt 20 patents issuedgt 10 patent applications
2016 Results
Business Highlights
DIVERSE CUSTOMER BASE
NEWBUSINESS
CONTRACTS
FEDERAL
INDUSTRYUTILITIES
STATELOCAL
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 7
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Oil Crisis
1976Federal Power Commission approved surcharge on pipeline transmission for research funding and Gas Research Institute (GRI) formed1973
1941Institute for Gas Technology (IGT) formed at the Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT)
Company History
FERC Order No 636 Restructuring Rule mandated unbundling to separate sales from transportation services
1992
GRI and IGT combined to form the Gas Technology Institute (GTI)
2000
Dr Henry LindenGRI President
1947 IGT LaboratoryChicago Illinois
Dr James L Johnson Pioneer in Coal Gasification
1970 HYGASreg Pilot Plant Chicago Illinois
1995 U-GASreg PlantShanghai China
2009 GTI Advanced Gasification FacilityDes Plaines Illinois
GRI sponsors Mitchell Energyrsquos first horizontal well in the Barnett shale
1991
George Mitchell
1970 Blue Flame natural gas powered rocket car sets world land speed record of 630 mph
GTI acquires Aerojet Rocketdynersquos fossil energy business
2015
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 8
From Concept to Commercialization
gtPartnering at every phase of the technology development cycle
ENERGY SOLUTIONShellip DELIVERED
Idea
Market Analysis
Technology Analysis
Product Development
Lab and Field Testing
Demonstration
Commercialization
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 9
US Office Locations
Californiabull Oakland West
Sacramento Davis San Ramon Los Angeles (Frontier Energy)
bull Woodland Hills
Illinois bull Chicago
(LocusView)bull Des Plaines
(Headquarters)
New Yorkbull Cazenovia
(CDH Energy)
Texasbull Houstonbull Austin (Frontier Assoc)
Washington DCbull Capitol Hill
OFFICE SUBSIDIARY
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 10
Addressing Key Issues Across the Energy Value Chain
Expanding the supply of clean abundant and affordable natural gas
Ensuring a safe and reliable energy delivery infrastructure
Promoting the clean and efficient use of energy resources
FOR A BETTER ENVIRONMENT AND A BETTER ECONOMY
Transforming natural resources into clean fuels power and chemicals
SUPPLY CONVERSION DELIVERY UTILIZATION
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 11
IBA Industrial - Background
IBA IndustrialGeneral Overview July - 2017
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 13 -
Based in Belgium listed on Euronext Brussels
Focused on particle accelerators
gt400 accelerators worldwide
2016 sales of euro329 million
1200+ people worldwide 40 nationalities
15 offices on 3 continents
IBA in a nutshell
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 14 -
IBArsquos core competence ndash Particle accelerators
Patient or Product
electrons
protons
Particle Accelerators
Proton or electron acceleration
Atom
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 15 -
IBA Main Activities
Proton Therapy
RadioPharma
Dosimetry
Industrial
Cancer treatmentAccurate protonsMinimized side effects55 market share22 IBA supplied centers
Cancer diagnostic160+ Cyclotrons installedSynthera multi-tracer systemFrom Cyclotron to turnkey
Patient and machine QACalibration validation and QA
Used in most hospitals
Industrial applicationsMedical Device Sterilization
Polymer crosslinkingFood pasteurization
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 16 -
IBA Industrial250+ Electron beam accelerators installed worldwide
Americas55
Asia14
EMEA28
ROW3
IBA Installed base
Crosslinking72
RampD9
Sterilization
18
Other1
Applications
36 +Rhodotron
200 +Dynamitron
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 17 -
IBArsquos product portfolio
Dynamitron05 -gt 5 MeV | 160 mA
Electron beam
Rhodotron3 -gt 10 MeV | 245 kW
Electron beam and X-rays
eXelis5 ndash 7 MeV | 560kW
X-rays
Main application E-beam Crosslinking Main application E-beam box sterilization Main application X-ray pallet sterilization
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 18 -
Rhodotron and Dynamitron product ranges
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 19 -
IBA Industrial Inc ndash Markets
Sterilization Crosslinking
Food Sterile Insect
Cargo screeningMail Sanitization
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 20
SUNY - Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 21
SUNY-Environmental Science and Forestry
bull 8 Departments (Bio Paper Sci Forestry Landscape Arch Env Studies Sci Eng
bull 2000 undergrads 550 grad students
Chemistry MS and PhD bull Biochemistrybull Environmental Chemistrybull Organic Natural Products bull Polymer Chemistry
15 Faculty40 grad students
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 22
Professor of ChemistrySUNY-Environmental Science amp Forestry
(tsdibbleesfedu)bull SUNY-ESF
1 of 7 PhD-granting SUNY campusesLocated in Syracuse
bull My Training PhD (Physical Chemistry) U Michigan 1992
bull My Research Group 1 MS 1 PhD 1 undergrad(1 MS and 1 PhD student arriving in Fall)
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Theodore S Dibble
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 23
Research is 90 Kineticsbull Tools Experiment Theory Kinetic Models
Lasers to generate and monitor radicalsGas chromatography-mass spectrometryInfrared spectroscopyQuantum chemistry theoretical kineticsReaction mechanismsLarge kinetic models
bull TopicsAtmospheric ozone and mercuryCombustionElectron beams
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Research Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 24
Previous Work Humid Air (N2 O2 H2O)
Goal understand sources of OH radical (removes SO2 and NOx from flue gas)
bull Started with a published model- added reactions- edited rate constants amp reaction products- iterated until ldquoself-consistentrdquo (~900 reactions)
bull Ran model- tested againstreintepreted exp results- analyzed sources of OH amp error
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Kinetic Modeling of Electron Beams
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 25
bull Software Kintecus Chemical ModelingPlug flow reactorhuge number of reactionsAccurate numerical integration
bull Input ParametersDose rate (Joules absorbedkg gas) from IBAInitial species concentrationsSet of reactions and rate constants
bull Outputs Concentrations vs timeSensitivity coefficients
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Technical Details
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 26
Technical Approach Discussion
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 27
High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products
Sponsor
Funding $799997 DOE ($206000 co-funding) two year effort
Objective Develop a direct electron beam (E-Beam) synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide using carbon dioxide (CO2) captured from a coal-fired power plant and methane (natural gas)
Team Member Rolesbull Overall project integration and managementbull Design construct the E-Beam reactor and the testing unitbull Conceptual design for coal-fired power plants with DEBS
bull Provide guidance in E-Beam reactor design and E-Beam accelerator for testing
bull Develop a kinetic model for the E-Beam reactor
DE-FE0029787
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 28
Project Objectives
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this project is to develop the Direct E-Beam Synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide at relatively low severity (pressure being near one atmosphere and temperatures of lt150degC) from near-pure CO2 captured from a pulverized coal (PC)-fired power plant and methane imported as natural gas Creating valuable products will offset the cost of carbon capture and storage (CCS) The high energy output from an electron beam (E-Beam) accelerator will be used to break chemical bonds The project comprises two budget periods (BP) of 9 and 15 months each for a total duration of 24 months
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 29
Project ObjectivesBP Objectives
1
bull Complete design and manufacture of testing skid with E-Beam reactor for testing at IBAbull Successful commissioning of DEBS equipment at GTI and IBA
bull Identify at least two catalysts to control the recombination and increase the yields for more valuableproducts
bull Develop preliminary predictive kinetic model to guide BP2 testing
2
bull Determine key operating parameters at various E-Beam energies to maximize the per pass conversion of CO2 to valuable products control selectivities between various products and minimize E-Beam energy requirements
bull Identify operating conditions and catalyst combinations to further control selectivities between products and minimize overall energy requirements
bull Review experimental data to optimize and improve preliminary kinetic model developed in BP1bull Complete data analysis and reporting of the experimental runs
bull Complete economical assessment techno-economic analysis and perform life cycle analysis for the process
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 30
Experiments will be conducted in non-catalytic as well as catalytic modes A kinetic model will be developed by SUNY based on the collected data and will be
used to predict the chemical performance of the DEBS process A conceptual design for coupling the DEBS process to a coal-fired power plant will
be developed
This project will expand on the concept of DEBS to Develop a commercially viable process Minimize E-Beam energy requirements Maximize CO2 conversion Selectively control the yield of more valuable products using
catalysts
Innovation non-equilibrium process that breaks bonds directly unlike conventional chemistry that requires heating the entire molecule
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 31
Current technology for the commercial production of acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide requires High temperatures and pressures Expensive catalysts in multiple process steps High capital and operating costs
The DEBS process uses high-energy electron beams to break chemical bonds allowing production of the desired chemicals at near-ambient pressure and temperatures and has been demonstrated by other research groups at bench-scale
Successfully combining DEBS technology with CO2 captured from coal-fired power plant flue gas provides a low-cost energy-efficient process to produce valuable chemicals and reduce emissions
Advantages Over Traditional Processes
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 32
Electron Beam Deposition into Gas
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 33
Electron Beam Primer
V = Voltage (eV)I = Current (amp)V x I = Power (watt)
1eV = Kinetic energy of an electron accelerated to 1 voltCharge of an electron = 1602 x 10-19 coulombs
1 coulomb = 625 x 1018 electrons
Current = ChargeTime1 amp = 1 coulomb 1 sec
1 eV x 1 amp= 1 watt = 1 Jsec1 eV = 1602 x 10-19 J
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 34
Electron Beam Primer
500keV amp 15mAsqin E-Beam on a 1 sq in areaE-Beam power = 750 watt or 750 Jsec
Each electron will have500000 x 1602 x 10-19 = 8 x 10-14 J of energy
E-Beam will have15 x 10-3 1602 x 10-19 = 93633 x 1015 electrons per second
Each electron has the potential to achieve ~100000 interactions
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 35
Industrial Accelerator Design (linear)
Typical Numbers in range of interest450 to 1000 keV25 to 250 mA11 - 100 kW1
Efficiency 45 ndash 602
1 Robert W Hamm RampM Technical Enterprises Inc 9th ICFA Seminar ndash October 30 20082 Applied Energetics httpwwwappliedenergeticscomdownloadsproduct-offeringsnested-high-voltage-generatorpdf3 Kim et Al amp NHV Japan amp Bulgaria Power Plant
Source of Electrons
Acceleration Modules
Electron beam
Large Scale Industrial Applications800 keV500 mA400 kW3
Efficiency up to 883
Vacuum
Foil
Target
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 36
Electron Beam Deposition
Maximum efficiency occurs when electron beam deposition depth is equal to reactor depthDeposition depth depends on these parametersbull Electron beam voltagebull Gas compositionbull Gas pressure (Limited by foil)bull Foil composition and thicknessre
acto
r dep
th=
d
ElectronBeam Voltage ndash Controls how FAR the electrons will go
Current - Controls how MANY electrons will go
Beam Energy
Beam
Dep
th
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 37
Electron Beam Deposition (continued)
Electron beam inVoltage VinCurrent IExposure time T
Electron beam outVoltage Vout = Vin - ∆VCurrent IExposure time T
Dose = ((Vin-Vout) times I times T) M
Dose = energy deposited per unit massUnit of dose 1 Joulekg = 1 Gray
mass M
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 38
Deposition into a Gas Flowing in a Reactor
Flow velocity v
Dose = (V (potential) times I (currentarea) times a (window area) v (velocity)) M (mass)
Mass M
ElectronBeam
e-beam window area = a
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
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17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
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15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
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14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
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3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
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127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
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381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
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238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Asia | 10 | ||
Europe | 30 | ||
USA | 60 | ||
Others | 13 | ||
Wire and Cable | 31 | ||
Shrink Tube | 17 | ||
Shrink Film | 24 | ||
Tires | 9 | ||
Service Centers | 6 |
Asia | |
Europe | |
USA |
Others | |
Wire and Cable | |
Shrink Tube | |
Shrink Film | |
Tires | |
Service Centers |
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 7
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Oil Crisis
1976Federal Power Commission approved surcharge on pipeline transmission for research funding and Gas Research Institute (GRI) formed1973
1941Institute for Gas Technology (IGT) formed at the Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT)
Company History
FERC Order No 636 Restructuring Rule mandated unbundling to separate sales from transportation services
1992
GRI and IGT combined to form the Gas Technology Institute (GTI)
2000
Dr Henry LindenGRI President
1947 IGT LaboratoryChicago Illinois
Dr James L Johnson Pioneer in Coal Gasification
1970 HYGASreg Pilot Plant Chicago Illinois
1995 U-GASreg PlantShanghai China
2009 GTI Advanced Gasification FacilityDes Plaines Illinois
GRI sponsors Mitchell Energyrsquos first horizontal well in the Barnett shale
1991
George Mitchell
1970 Blue Flame natural gas powered rocket car sets world land speed record of 630 mph
GTI acquires Aerojet Rocketdynersquos fossil energy business
2015
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 8
From Concept to Commercialization
gtPartnering at every phase of the technology development cycle
ENERGY SOLUTIONShellip DELIVERED
Idea
Market Analysis
Technology Analysis
Product Development
Lab and Field Testing
Demonstration
Commercialization
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 9
US Office Locations
Californiabull Oakland West
Sacramento Davis San Ramon Los Angeles (Frontier Energy)
bull Woodland Hills
Illinois bull Chicago
(LocusView)bull Des Plaines
(Headquarters)
New Yorkbull Cazenovia
(CDH Energy)
Texasbull Houstonbull Austin (Frontier Assoc)
Washington DCbull Capitol Hill
OFFICE SUBSIDIARY
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 10
Addressing Key Issues Across the Energy Value Chain
Expanding the supply of clean abundant and affordable natural gas
Ensuring a safe and reliable energy delivery infrastructure
Promoting the clean and efficient use of energy resources
FOR A BETTER ENVIRONMENT AND A BETTER ECONOMY
Transforming natural resources into clean fuels power and chemicals
SUPPLY CONVERSION DELIVERY UTILIZATION
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 11
IBA Industrial - Background
IBA IndustrialGeneral Overview July - 2017
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 13 -
Based in Belgium listed on Euronext Brussels
Focused on particle accelerators
gt400 accelerators worldwide
2016 sales of euro329 million
1200+ people worldwide 40 nationalities
15 offices on 3 continents
IBA in a nutshell
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 14 -
IBArsquos core competence ndash Particle accelerators
Patient or Product
electrons
protons
Particle Accelerators
Proton or electron acceleration
Atom
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 15 -
IBA Main Activities
Proton Therapy
RadioPharma
Dosimetry
Industrial
Cancer treatmentAccurate protonsMinimized side effects55 market share22 IBA supplied centers
Cancer diagnostic160+ Cyclotrons installedSynthera multi-tracer systemFrom Cyclotron to turnkey
Patient and machine QACalibration validation and QA
Used in most hospitals
Industrial applicationsMedical Device Sterilization
Polymer crosslinkingFood pasteurization
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 16 -
IBA Industrial250+ Electron beam accelerators installed worldwide
Americas55
Asia14
EMEA28
ROW3
IBA Installed base
Crosslinking72
RampD9
Sterilization
18
Other1
Applications
36 +Rhodotron
200 +Dynamitron
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 17 -
IBArsquos product portfolio
Dynamitron05 -gt 5 MeV | 160 mA
Electron beam
Rhodotron3 -gt 10 MeV | 245 kW
Electron beam and X-rays
eXelis5 ndash 7 MeV | 560kW
X-rays
Main application E-beam Crosslinking Main application E-beam box sterilization Main application X-ray pallet sterilization
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 18 -
Rhodotron and Dynamitron product ranges
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 19 -
IBA Industrial Inc ndash Markets
Sterilization Crosslinking
Food Sterile Insect
Cargo screeningMail Sanitization
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 20
SUNY - Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 21
SUNY-Environmental Science and Forestry
bull 8 Departments (Bio Paper Sci Forestry Landscape Arch Env Studies Sci Eng
bull 2000 undergrads 550 grad students
Chemistry MS and PhD bull Biochemistrybull Environmental Chemistrybull Organic Natural Products bull Polymer Chemistry
15 Faculty40 grad students
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 22
Professor of ChemistrySUNY-Environmental Science amp Forestry
(tsdibbleesfedu)bull SUNY-ESF
1 of 7 PhD-granting SUNY campusesLocated in Syracuse
bull My Training PhD (Physical Chemistry) U Michigan 1992
bull My Research Group 1 MS 1 PhD 1 undergrad(1 MS and 1 PhD student arriving in Fall)
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Theodore S Dibble
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 23
Research is 90 Kineticsbull Tools Experiment Theory Kinetic Models
Lasers to generate and monitor radicalsGas chromatography-mass spectrometryInfrared spectroscopyQuantum chemistry theoretical kineticsReaction mechanismsLarge kinetic models
bull TopicsAtmospheric ozone and mercuryCombustionElectron beams
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Research Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 24
Previous Work Humid Air (N2 O2 H2O)
Goal understand sources of OH radical (removes SO2 and NOx from flue gas)
bull Started with a published model- added reactions- edited rate constants amp reaction products- iterated until ldquoself-consistentrdquo (~900 reactions)
bull Ran model- tested againstreintepreted exp results- analyzed sources of OH amp error
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Kinetic Modeling of Electron Beams
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 25
bull Software Kintecus Chemical ModelingPlug flow reactorhuge number of reactionsAccurate numerical integration
bull Input ParametersDose rate (Joules absorbedkg gas) from IBAInitial species concentrationsSet of reactions and rate constants
bull Outputs Concentrations vs timeSensitivity coefficients
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Technical Details
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 26
Technical Approach Discussion
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 27
High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products
Sponsor
Funding $799997 DOE ($206000 co-funding) two year effort
Objective Develop a direct electron beam (E-Beam) synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide using carbon dioxide (CO2) captured from a coal-fired power plant and methane (natural gas)
Team Member Rolesbull Overall project integration and managementbull Design construct the E-Beam reactor and the testing unitbull Conceptual design for coal-fired power plants with DEBS
bull Provide guidance in E-Beam reactor design and E-Beam accelerator for testing
bull Develop a kinetic model for the E-Beam reactor
DE-FE0029787
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 28
Project Objectives
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this project is to develop the Direct E-Beam Synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide at relatively low severity (pressure being near one atmosphere and temperatures of lt150degC) from near-pure CO2 captured from a pulverized coal (PC)-fired power plant and methane imported as natural gas Creating valuable products will offset the cost of carbon capture and storage (CCS) The high energy output from an electron beam (E-Beam) accelerator will be used to break chemical bonds The project comprises two budget periods (BP) of 9 and 15 months each for a total duration of 24 months
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 29
Project ObjectivesBP Objectives
1
bull Complete design and manufacture of testing skid with E-Beam reactor for testing at IBAbull Successful commissioning of DEBS equipment at GTI and IBA
bull Identify at least two catalysts to control the recombination and increase the yields for more valuableproducts
bull Develop preliminary predictive kinetic model to guide BP2 testing
2
bull Determine key operating parameters at various E-Beam energies to maximize the per pass conversion of CO2 to valuable products control selectivities between various products and minimize E-Beam energy requirements
bull Identify operating conditions and catalyst combinations to further control selectivities between products and minimize overall energy requirements
bull Review experimental data to optimize and improve preliminary kinetic model developed in BP1bull Complete data analysis and reporting of the experimental runs
bull Complete economical assessment techno-economic analysis and perform life cycle analysis for the process
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 30
Experiments will be conducted in non-catalytic as well as catalytic modes A kinetic model will be developed by SUNY based on the collected data and will be
used to predict the chemical performance of the DEBS process A conceptual design for coupling the DEBS process to a coal-fired power plant will
be developed
This project will expand on the concept of DEBS to Develop a commercially viable process Minimize E-Beam energy requirements Maximize CO2 conversion Selectively control the yield of more valuable products using
catalysts
Innovation non-equilibrium process that breaks bonds directly unlike conventional chemistry that requires heating the entire molecule
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 31
Current technology for the commercial production of acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide requires High temperatures and pressures Expensive catalysts in multiple process steps High capital and operating costs
The DEBS process uses high-energy electron beams to break chemical bonds allowing production of the desired chemicals at near-ambient pressure and temperatures and has been demonstrated by other research groups at bench-scale
Successfully combining DEBS technology with CO2 captured from coal-fired power plant flue gas provides a low-cost energy-efficient process to produce valuable chemicals and reduce emissions
Advantages Over Traditional Processes
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 32
Electron Beam Deposition into Gas
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 33
Electron Beam Primer
V = Voltage (eV)I = Current (amp)V x I = Power (watt)
1eV = Kinetic energy of an electron accelerated to 1 voltCharge of an electron = 1602 x 10-19 coulombs
1 coulomb = 625 x 1018 electrons
Current = ChargeTime1 amp = 1 coulomb 1 sec
1 eV x 1 amp= 1 watt = 1 Jsec1 eV = 1602 x 10-19 J
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 34
Electron Beam Primer
500keV amp 15mAsqin E-Beam on a 1 sq in areaE-Beam power = 750 watt or 750 Jsec
Each electron will have500000 x 1602 x 10-19 = 8 x 10-14 J of energy
E-Beam will have15 x 10-3 1602 x 10-19 = 93633 x 1015 electrons per second
Each electron has the potential to achieve ~100000 interactions
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 35
Industrial Accelerator Design (linear)
Typical Numbers in range of interest450 to 1000 keV25 to 250 mA11 - 100 kW1
Efficiency 45 ndash 602
1 Robert W Hamm RampM Technical Enterprises Inc 9th ICFA Seminar ndash October 30 20082 Applied Energetics httpwwwappliedenergeticscomdownloadsproduct-offeringsnested-high-voltage-generatorpdf3 Kim et Al amp NHV Japan amp Bulgaria Power Plant
Source of Electrons
Acceleration Modules
Electron beam
Large Scale Industrial Applications800 keV500 mA400 kW3
Efficiency up to 883
Vacuum
Foil
Target
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 36
Electron Beam Deposition
Maximum efficiency occurs when electron beam deposition depth is equal to reactor depthDeposition depth depends on these parametersbull Electron beam voltagebull Gas compositionbull Gas pressure (Limited by foil)bull Foil composition and thicknessre
acto
r dep
th=
d
ElectronBeam Voltage ndash Controls how FAR the electrons will go
Current - Controls how MANY electrons will go
Beam Energy
Beam
Dep
th
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 37
Electron Beam Deposition (continued)
Electron beam inVoltage VinCurrent IExposure time T
Electron beam outVoltage Vout = Vin - ∆VCurrent IExposure time T
Dose = ((Vin-Vout) times I times T) M
Dose = energy deposited per unit massUnit of dose 1 Joulekg = 1 Gray
mass M
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 38
Deposition into a Gas Flowing in a Reactor
Flow velocity v
Dose = (V (potential) times I (currentarea) times a (window area) v (velocity)) M (mass)
Mass M
ElectronBeam
e-beam window area = a
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
175 | 159 | 143 | 079 | 016 | 143 | 016 | 048 | 095 | 127 | 159 | 159 | ||||||||||||
143 | 079 | 063 | 063 | 032 | 095 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 095 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 095 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 048 | 063 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
127 | 111 | 063 | 095 | 159 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 238 | 111 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 175 | 19 | 175 | 19 | 111 | 111 | 143 | 143 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
19 | 206 | 206 | 222 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | 063 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
222 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 159 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
238 | 302 | 333 | 349 | 381 | 159 | 111 | 143 | 111 | 048 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
254 | 365 | 413 | 413 | 444 | 206 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 079 | 175 | 063 | ||||||||||||
317 | 429 | 46 | 476 | 46 | 254 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 238 | 079 | ||||||||||||
365 | 476 | 524 | 571 | 508 | 302 | 159 | 127 | 143 | 048 | 206 | 079 | ||||||||||||
413 | 556 | 619 | 667 | 571 | 381 | 175 | 127 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
476 | 635 | 714 | 73 | 635 | 429 | 222 | 159 | 19 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
556 | 714 | 825 | 825 | 73 | 46 | 254 | 175 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
635 | 825 | 952 | 937 | 81 | 54 | 286 | 175 | 159 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
698 | 984 | 1079 | 1032 | 873 | 603 | 333 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
73 | 1159 | 1238 | 1159 | 952 | 683 | 381 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 127 | 079 | ||||||||||||
778 | 1349 | 1429 | 1302 | 1111 | 73 | 429 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
857 | 1587 | 1603 | 1476 | 1238 | 81 | 476 | 27 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
952 | 1889 | 181 | 1651 | 1349 | 889 | 556 | 302 | 159 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1127 | 2238 | 2048 | 1841 | 146 | 984 | 603 | 317 | 19 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1397 | 2651 | 2317 | 2032 | 1603 | 1111 | 635 | 333 | 222 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1937 | 3095 | 2587 | 2238 | 1746 | 1222 | 698 | 381 | 222 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2968 | 3556 | 2889 | 246 | 1873 | 1302 | 762 | 429 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
4333 | 4063 | 3206 | 2667 | 2016 | 1397 | 825 | 46 | 254 | 048 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
5571 | 4603 | 3508 | 2873 | 2175 | 1556 | 889 | 476 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
6587 | 5127 | 3841 | 3079 | 2333 | 1667 | 10 | 524 | 238 | 032 | 175 | 111 | ||||||||||||
7556 | 5667 | 4175 | 3286 | 2492 | 173 | 1063 | 571 | 254 | 048 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
8587 | 6222 | 4476 | 3492 | 2603 | 1873 | 1095 | 603 | 27 | 048 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
9635 | 6746 | 4762 | 3714 | 273 | 2016 | 119 | 667 | 302 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
10619 | 7206 | 5048 | 3937 | 2889 | 2111 | 1286 | 698 | 333 | 095 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
11524 | 7635 | 5349 | 4143 | 3063 | 2222 | 1349 | 714 | 365 | 063 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12365 | 8079 | 5619 | 4317 | 319 | 2349 | 1413 | 762 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
13048 | 8508 | 5857 | 4508 | 3302 | 2444 | 1492 | 794 | 397 | 095 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13603 | 8825 | 6111 | 4667 | 3444 | 2508 | 1571 | 825 | 397 | 127 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14095 | 9095 | 6365 | 4841 | 3556 | 2635 | 1619 | 857 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14444 | 9365 | 6556 | 50 | 3683 | 2746 | 1683 | 921 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14746 | 9603 | 6714 | 5159 | 381 | 2794 | 1746 | 937 | 413 | 159 | 143 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15048 | 9841 | 6889 | 5286 | 3921 | 2873 | 181 | 968 | 444 | 175 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15349 | 10016 | 7079 | 5397 | 40 | 2968 | 1873 | 10 | 46 | 159 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15587 | 10206 | 7206 | 5508 | 4095 | 3032 | 1952 | 1048 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15778 | 10349 | 7317 | 5635 | 4159 | 3048 | 2016 | 1079 | 46 | 143 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
16048 | 10476 | 7444 | 573 | 4222 | 3127 | 2032 | 1095 | 492 | 127 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16571 | 10762 | 7587 | 5841 | 4333 | 3254 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16873 | 10889 | 7714 | 5905 | 4397 | 327 | 2127 | 1127 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17048 | 110 | 7825 | 5984 | 4429 | 3302 | 2143 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17524 | 11238 | 7968 | 6016 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17698 | 11381 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19016 | 1146 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 159 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18794 | 11476 | 7952 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 175 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17444 | 11206 | 7952 | 6032 | 4476 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12794 | 8333 | 5762 | 4429 | 327 | 2413 | 146 | 778 | 397 | 079 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
619 | 778 | 889 | 889 | 794 | 492 | 286 | 175 | 175 | 063 | 095 | 079 | ||||||||||||
524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
444 | 603 | 667 | 698 | 603 | 397 | 19 | 143 | 175 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
333 | 46 | 492 | 524 | 476 | 27 | 143 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 095 | ||||||||||||
286 | 413 | 444 | 444 | 444 | 238 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 079 | ||||||||||||
254 | 349 | 381 | 397 | 429 | 19 | 095 | 111 | 111 | 063 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Asia | 10 | ||
Europe | 30 | ||
USA | 60 | ||
Others | 13 | ||
Wire and Cable | 31 | ||
Shrink Tube | 17 | ||
Shrink Film | 24 | ||
Tires | 9 | ||
Service Centers | 6 |
Asia | |
Europe | |
USA |
Others | |
Wire and Cable | |
Shrink Tube | |
Shrink Film | |
Tires | |
Service Centers |
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 8
From Concept to Commercialization
gtPartnering at every phase of the technology development cycle
ENERGY SOLUTIONShellip DELIVERED
Idea
Market Analysis
Technology Analysis
Product Development
Lab and Field Testing
Demonstration
Commercialization
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 9
US Office Locations
Californiabull Oakland West
Sacramento Davis San Ramon Los Angeles (Frontier Energy)
bull Woodland Hills
Illinois bull Chicago
(LocusView)bull Des Plaines
(Headquarters)
New Yorkbull Cazenovia
(CDH Energy)
Texasbull Houstonbull Austin (Frontier Assoc)
Washington DCbull Capitol Hill
OFFICE SUBSIDIARY
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 10
Addressing Key Issues Across the Energy Value Chain
Expanding the supply of clean abundant and affordable natural gas
Ensuring a safe and reliable energy delivery infrastructure
Promoting the clean and efficient use of energy resources
FOR A BETTER ENVIRONMENT AND A BETTER ECONOMY
Transforming natural resources into clean fuels power and chemicals
SUPPLY CONVERSION DELIVERY UTILIZATION
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 11
IBA Industrial - Background
IBA IndustrialGeneral Overview July - 2017
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 13 -
Based in Belgium listed on Euronext Brussels
Focused on particle accelerators
gt400 accelerators worldwide
2016 sales of euro329 million
1200+ people worldwide 40 nationalities
15 offices on 3 continents
IBA in a nutshell
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 14 -
IBArsquos core competence ndash Particle accelerators
Patient or Product
electrons
protons
Particle Accelerators
Proton or electron acceleration
Atom
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 15 -
IBA Main Activities
Proton Therapy
RadioPharma
Dosimetry
Industrial
Cancer treatmentAccurate protonsMinimized side effects55 market share22 IBA supplied centers
Cancer diagnostic160+ Cyclotrons installedSynthera multi-tracer systemFrom Cyclotron to turnkey
Patient and machine QACalibration validation and QA
Used in most hospitals
Industrial applicationsMedical Device Sterilization
Polymer crosslinkingFood pasteurization
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 16 -
IBA Industrial250+ Electron beam accelerators installed worldwide
Americas55
Asia14
EMEA28
ROW3
IBA Installed base
Crosslinking72
RampD9
Sterilization
18
Other1
Applications
36 +Rhodotron
200 +Dynamitron
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 17 -
IBArsquos product portfolio
Dynamitron05 -gt 5 MeV | 160 mA
Electron beam
Rhodotron3 -gt 10 MeV | 245 kW
Electron beam and X-rays
eXelis5 ndash 7 MeV | 560kW
X-rays
Main application E-beam Crosslinking Main application E-beam box sterilization Main application X-ray pallet sterilization
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 18 -
Rhodotron and Dynamitron product ranges
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 19 -
IBA Industrial Inc ndash Markets
Sterilization Crosslinking
Food Sterile Insect
Cargo screeningMail Sanitization
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 20
SUNY - Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 21
SUNY-Environmental Science and Forestry
bull 8 Departments (Bio Paper Sci Forestry Landscape Arch Env Studies Sci Eng
bull 2000 undergrads 550 grad students
Chemistry MS and PhD bull Biochemistrybull Environmental Chemistrybull Organic Natural Products bull Polymer Chemistry
15 Faculty40 grad students
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 22
Professor of ChemistrySUNY-Environmental Science amp Forestry
(tsdibbleesfedu)bull SUNY-ESF
1 of 7 PhD-granting SUNY campusesLocated in Syracuse
bull My Training PhD (Physical Chemistry) U Michigan 1992
bull My Research Group 1 MS 1 PhD 1 undergrad(1 MS and 1 PhD student arriving in Fall)
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Theodore S Dibble
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 23
Research is 90 Kineticsbull Tools Experiment Theory Kinetic Models
Lasers to generate and monitor radicalsGas chromatography-mass spectrometryInfrared spectroscopyQuantum chemistry theoretical kineticsReaction mechanismsLarge kinetic models
bull TopicsAtmospheric ozone and mercuryCombustionElectron beams
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Research Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 24
Previous Work Humid Air (N2 O2 H2O)
Goal understand sources of OH radical (removes SO2 and NOx from flue gas)
bull Started with a published model- added reactions- edited rate constants amp reaction products- iterated until ldquoself-consistentrdquo (~900 reactions)
bull Ran model- tested againstreintepreted exp results- analyzed sources of OH amp error
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Kinetic Modeling of Electron Beams
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 25
bull Software Kintecus Chemical ModelingPlug flow reactorhuge number of reactionsAccurate numerical integration
bull Input ParametersDose rate (Joules absorbedkg gas) from IBAInitial species concentrationsSet of reactions and rate constants
bull Outputs Concentrations vs timeSensitivity coefficients
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Technical Details
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 26
Technical Approach Discussion
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 27
High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products
Sponsor
Funding $799997 DOE ($206000 co-funding) two year effort
Objective Develop a direct electron beam (E-Beam) synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide using carbon dioxide (CO2) captured from a coal-fired power plant and methane (natural gas)
Team Member Rolesbull Overall project integration and managementbull Design construct the E-Beam reactor and the testing unitbull Conceptual design for coal-fired power plants with DEBS
bull Provide guidance in E-Beam reactor design and E-Beam accelerator for testing
bull Develop a kinetic model for the E-Beam reactor
DE-FE0029787
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 28
Project Objectives
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this project is to develop the Direct E-Beam Synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide at relatively low severity (pressure being near one atmosphere and temperatures of lt150degC) from near-pure CO2 captured from a pulverized coal (PC)-fired power plant and methane imported as natural gas Creating valuable products will offset the cost of carbon capture and storage (CCS) The high energy output from an electron beam (E-Beam) accelerator will be used to break chemical bonds The project comprises two budget periods (BP) of 9 and 15 months each for a total duration of 24 months
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 29
Project ObjectivesBP Objectives
1
bull Complete design and manufacture of testing skid with E-Beam reactor for testing at IBAbull Successful commissioning of DEBS equipment at GTI and IBA
bull Identify at least two catalysts to control the recombination and increase the yields for more valuableproducts
bull Develop preliminary predictive kinetic model to guide BP2 testing
2
bull Determine key operating parameters at various E-Beam energies to maximize the per pass conversion of CO2 to valuable products control selectivities between various products and minimize E-Beam energy requirements
bull Identify operating conditions and catalyst combinations to further control selectivities between products and minimize overall energy requirements
bull Review experimental data to optimize and improve preliminary kinetic model developed in BP1bull Complete data analysis and reporting of the experimental runs
bull Complete economical assessment techno-economic analysis and perform life cycle analysis for the process
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 30
Experiments will be conducted in non-catalytic as well as catalytic modes A kinetic model will be developed by SUNY based on the collected data and will be
used to predict the chemical performance of the DEBS process A conceptual design for coupling the DEBS process to a coal-fired power plant will
be developed
This project will expand on the concept of DEBS to Develop a commercially viable process Minimize E-Beam energy requirements Maximize CO2 conversion Selectively control the yield of more valuable products using
catalysts
Innovation non-equilibrium process that breaks bonds directly unlike conventional chemistry that requires heating the entire molecule
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 31
Current technology for the commercial production of acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide requires High temperatures and pressures Expensive catalysts in multiple process steps High capital and operating costs
The DEBS process uses high-energy electron beams to break chemical bonds allowing production of the desired chemicals at near-ambient pressure and temperatures and has been demonstrated by other research groups at bench-scale
Successfully combining DEBS technology with CO2 captured from coal-fired power plant flue gas provides a low-cost energy-efficient process to produce valuable chemicals and reduce emissions
Advantages Over Traditional Processes
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 32
Electron Beam Deposition into Gas
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 33
Electron Beam Primer
V = Voltage (eV)I = Current (amp)V x I = Power (watt)
1eV = Kinetic energy of an electron accelerated to 1 voltCharge of an electron = 1602 x 10-19 coulombs
1 coulomb = 625 x 1018 electrons
Current = ChargeTime1 amp = 1 coulomb 1 sec
1 eV x 1 amp= 1 watt = 1 Jsec1 eV = 1602 x 10-19 J
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 34
Electron Beam Primer
500keV amp 15mAsqin E-Beam on a 1 sq in areaE-Beam power = 750 watt or 750 Jsec
Each electron will have500000 x 1602 x 10-19 = 8 x 10-14 J of energy
E-Beam will have15 x 10-3 1602 x 10-19 = 93633 x 1015 electrons per second
Each electron has the potential to achieve ~100000 interactions
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 35
Industrial Accelerator Design (linear)
Typical Numbers in range of interest450 to 1000 keV25 to 250 mA11 - 100 kW1
Efficiency 45 ndash 602
1 Robert W Hamm RampM Technical Enterprises Inc 9th ICFA Seminar ndash October 30 20082 Applied Energetics httpwwwappliedenergeticscomdownloadsproduct-offeringsnested-high-voltage-generatorpdf3 Kim et Al amp NHV Japan amp Bulgaria Power Plant
Source of Electrons
Acceleration Modules
Electron beam
Large Scale Industrial Applications800 keV500 mA400 kW3
Efficiency up to 883
Vacuum
Foil
Target
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 36
Electron Beam Deposition
Maximum efficiency occurs when electron beam deposition depth is equal to reactor depthDeposition depth depends on these parametersbull Electron beam voltagebull Gas compositionbull Gas pressure (Limited by foil)bull Foil composition and thicknessre
acto
r dep
th=
d
ElectronBeam Voltage ndash Controls how FAR the electrons will go
Current - Controls how MANY electrons will go
Beam Energy
Beam
Dep
th
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 37
Electron Beam Deposition (continued)
Electron beam inVoltage VinCurrent IExposure time T
Electron beam outVoltage Vout = Vin - ∆VCurrent IExposure time T
Dose = ((Vin-Vout) times I times T) M
Dose = energy deposited per unit massUnit of dose 1 Joulekg = 1 Gray
mass M
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 38
Deposition into a Gas Flowing in a Reactor
Flow velocity v
Dose = (V (potential) times I (currentarea) times a (window area) v (velocity)) M (mass)
Mass M
ElectronBeam
e-beam window area = a
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
175 | 159 | 143 | 079 | 016 | 143 | 016 | 048 | 095 | 127 | 159 | 159 | ||||||||||||
143 | 079 | 063 | 063 | 032 | 095 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 095 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 095 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 048 | 063 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
127 | 111 | 063 | 095 | 159 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 238 | 111 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 175 | 19 | 175 | 19 | 111 | 111 | 143 | 143 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
19 | 206 | 206 | 222 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | 063 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
222 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 159 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
238 | 302 | 333 | 349 | 381 | 159 | 111 | 143 | 111 | 048 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
254 | 365 | 413 | 413 | 444 | 206 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 079 | 175 | 063 | ||||||||||||
317 | 429 | 46 | 476 | 46 | 254 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 238 | 079 | ||||||||||||
365 | 476 | 524 | 571 | 508 | 302 | 159 | 127 | 143 | 048 | 206 | 079 | ||||||||||||
413 | 556 | 619 | 667 | 571 | 381 | 175 | 127 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
476 | 635 | 714 | 73 | 635 | 429 | 222 | 159 | 19 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
556 | 714 | 825 | 825 | 73 | 46 | 254 | 175 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
635 | 825 | 952 | 937 | 81 | 54 | 286 | 175 | 159 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
698 | 984 | 1079 | 1032 | 873 | 603 | 333 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
73 | 1159 | 1238 | 1159 | 952 | 683 | 381 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 127 | 079 | ||||||||||||
778 | 1349 | 1429 | 1302 | 1111 | 73 | 429 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
857 | 1587 | 1603 | 1476 | 1238 | 81 | 476 | 27 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
952 | 1889 | 181 | 1651 | 1349 | 889 | 556 | 302 | 159 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1127 | 2238 | 2048 | 1841 | 146 | 984 | 603 | 317 | 19 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1397 | 2651 | 2317 | 2032 | 1603 | 1111 | 635 | 333 | 222 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1937 | 3095 | 2587 | 2238 | 1746 | 1222 | 698 | 381 | 222 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2968 | 3556 | 2889 | 246 | 1873 | 1302 | 762 | 429 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
4333 | 4063 | 3206 | 2667 | 2016 | 1397 | 825 | 46 | 254 | 048 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
5571 | 4603 | 3508 | 2873 | 2175 | 1556 | 889 | 476 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
6587 | 5127 | 3841 | 3079 | 2333 | 1667 | 10 | 524 | 238 | 032 | 175 | 111 | ||||||||||||
7556 | 5667 | 4175 | 3286 | 2492 | 173 | 1063 | 571 | 254 | 048 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
8587 | 6222 | 4476 | 3492 | 2603 | 1873 | 1095 | 603 | 27 | 048 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
9635 | 6746 | 4762 | 3714 | 273 | 2016 | 119 | 667 | 302 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
10619 | 7206 | 5048 | 3937 | 2889 | 2111 | 1286 | 698 | 333 | 095 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
11524 | 7635 | 5349 | 4143 | 3063 | 2222 | 1349 | 714 | 365 | 063 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12365 | 8079 | 5619 | 4317 | 319 | 2349 | 1413 | 762 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
13048 | 8508 | 5857 | 4508 | 3302 | 2444 | 1492 | 794 | 397 | 095 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13603 | 8825 | 6111 | 4667 | 3444 | 2508 | 1571 | 825 | 397 | 127 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14095 | 9095 | 6365 | 4841 | 3556 | 2635 | 1619 | 857 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14444 | 9365 | 6556 | 50 | 3683 | 2746 | 1683 | 921 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14746 | 9603 | 6714 | 5159 | 381 | 2794 | 1746 | 937 | 413 | 159 | 143 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15048 | 9841 | 6889 | 5286 | 3921 | 2873 | 181 | 968 | 444 | 175 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15349 | 10016 | 7079 | 5397 | 40 | 2968 | 1873 | 10 | 46 | 159 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15587 | 10206 | 7206 | 5508 | 4095 | 3032 | 1952 | 1048 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15778 | 10349 | 7317 | 5635 | 4159 | 3048 | 2016 | 1079 | 46 | 143 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
16048 | 10476 | 7444 | 573 | 4222 | 3127 | 2032 | 1095 | 492 | 127 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16571 | 10762 | 7587 | 5841 | 4333 | 3254 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16873 | 10889 | 7714 | 5905 | 4397 | 327 | 2127 | 1127 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17048 | 110 | 7825 | 5984 | 4429 | 3302 | 2143 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17524 | 11238 | 7968 | 6016 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17698 | 11381 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19016 | 1146 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 159 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18794 | 11476 | 7952 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 175 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17444 | 11206 | 7952 | 6032 | 4476 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12794 | 8333 | 5762 | 4429 | 327 | 2413 | 146 | 778 | 397 | 079 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
619 | 778 | 889 | 889 | 794 | 492 | 286 | 175 | 175 | 063 | 095 | 079 | ||||||||||||
524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
444 | 603 | 667 | 698 | 603 | 397 | 19 | 143 | 175 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
333 | 46 | 492 | 524 | 476 | 27 | 143 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 095 | ||||||||||||
286 | 413 | 444 | 444 | 444 | 238 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 079 | ||||||||||||
254 | 349 | 381 | 397 | 429 | 19 | 095 | 111 | 111 | 063 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Asia | 10 | ||
Europe | 30 | ||
USA | 60 | ||
Others | 13 | ||
Wire and Cable | 31 | ||
Shrink Tube | 17 | ||
Shrink Film | 24 | ||
Tires | 9 | ||
Service Centers | 6 |
Asia | |
Europe | |
USA |
Others | |
Wire and Cable | |
Shrink Tube | |
Shrink Film | |
Tires | |
Service Centers |
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 9
US Office Locations
Californiabull Oakland West
Sacramento Davis San Ramon Los Angeles (Frontier Energy)
bull Woodland Hills
Illinois bull Chicago
(LocusView)bull Des Plaines
(Headquarters)
New Yorkbull Cazenovia
(CDH Energy)
Texasbull Houstonbull Austin (Frontier Assoc)
Washington DCbull Capitol Hill
OFFICE SUBSIDIARY
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 10
Addressing Key Issues Across the Energy Value Chain
Expanding the supply of clean abundant and affordable natural gas
Ensuring a safe and reliable energy delivery infrastructure
Promoting the clean and efficient use of energy resources
FOR A BETTER ENVIRONMENT AND A BETTER ECONOMY
Transforming natural resources into clean fuels power and chemicals
SUPPLY CONVERSION DELIVERY UTILIZATION
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 11
IBA Industrial - Background
IBA IndustrialGeneral Overview July - 2017
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 13 -
Based in Belgium listed on Euronext Brussels
Focused on particle accelerators
gt400 accelerators worldwide
2016 sales of euro329 million
1200+ people worldwide 40 nationalities
15 offices on 3 continents
IBA in a nutshell
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 14 -
IBArsquos core competence ndash Particle accelerators
Patient or Product
electrons
protons
Particle Accelerators
Proton or electron acceleration
Atom
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 15 -
IBA Main Activities
Proton Therapy
RadioPharma
Dosimetry
Industrial
Cancer treatmentAccurate protonsMinimized side effects55 market share22 IBA supplied centers
Cancer diagnostic160+ Cyclotrons installedSynthera multi-tracer systemFrom Cyclotron to turnkey
Patient and machine QACalibration validation and QA
Used in most hospitals
Industrial applicationsMedical Device Sterilization
Polymer crosslinkingFood pasteurization
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 16 -
IBA Industrial250+ Electron beam accelerators installed worldwide
Americas55
Asia14
EMEA28
ROW3
IBA Installed base
Crosslinking72
RampD9
Sterilization
18
Other1
Applications
36 +Rhodotron
200 +Dynamitron
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 17 -
IBArsquos product portfolio
Dynamitron05 -gt 5 MeV | 160 mA
Electron beam
Rhodotron3 -gt 10 MeV | 245 kW
Electron beam and X-rays
eXelis5 ndash 7 MeV | 560kW
X-rays
Main application E-beam Crosslinking Main application E-beam box sterilization Main application X-ray pallet sterilization
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 18 -
Rhodotron and Dynamitron product ranges
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 19 -
IBA Industrial Inc ndash Markets
Sterilization Crosslinking
Food Sterile Insect
Cargo screeningMail Sanitization
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 20
SUNY - Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 21
SUNY-Environmental Science and Forestry
bull 8 Departments (Bio Paper Sci Forestry Landscape Arch Env Studies Sci Eng
bull 2000 undergrads 550 grad students
Chemistry MS and PhD bull Biochemistrybull Environmental Chemistrybull Organic Natural Products bull Polymer Chemistry
15 Faculty40 grad students
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 22
Professor of ChemistrySUNY-Environmental Science amp Forestry
(tsdibbleesfedu)bull SUNY-ESF
1 of 7 PhD-granting SUNY campusesLocated in Syracuse
bull My Training PhD (Physical Chemistry) U Michigan 1992
bull My Research Group 1 MS 1 PhD 1 undergrad(1 MS and 1 PhD student arriving in Fall)
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Theodore S Dibble
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 23
Research is 90 Kineticsbull Tools Experiment Theory Kinetic Models
Lasers to generate and monitor radicalsGas chromatography-mass spectrometryInfrared spectroscopyQuantum chemistry theoretical kineticsReaction mechanismsLarge kinetic models
bull TopicsAtmospheric ozone and mercuryCombustionElectron beams
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Research Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 24
Previous Work Humid Air (N2 O2 H2O)
Goal understand sources of OH radical (removes SO2 and NOx from flue gas)
bull Started with a published model- added reactions- edited rate constants amp reaction products- iterated until ldquoself-consistentrdquo (~900 reactions)
bull Ran model- tested againstreintepreted exp results- analyzed sources of OH amp error
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Kinetic Modeling of Electron Beams
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 25
bull Software Kintecus Chemical ModelingPlug flow reactorhuge number of reactionsAccurate numerical integration
bull Input ParametersDose rate (Joules absorbedkg gas) from IBAInitial species concentrationsSet of reactions and rate constants
bull Outputs Concentrations vs timeSensitivity coefficients
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Technical Details
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 26
Technical Approach Discussion
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 27
High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products
Sponsor
Funding $799997 DOE ($206000 co-funding) two year effort
Objective Develop a direct electron beam (E-Beam) synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide using carbon dioxide (CO2) captured from a coal-fired power plant and methane (natural gas)
Team Member Rolesbull Overall project integration and managementbull Design construct the E-Beam reactor and the testing unitbull Conceptual design for coal-fired power plants with DEBS
bull Provide guidance in E-Beam reactor design and E-Beam accelerator for testing
bull Develop a kinetic model for the E-Beam reactor
DE-FE0029787
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 28
Project Objectives
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this project is to develop the Direct E-Beam Synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide at relatively low severity (pressure being near one atmosphere and temperatures of lt150degC) from near-pure CO2 captured from a pulverized coal (PC)-fired power plant and methane imported as natural gas Creating valuable products will offset the cost of carbon capture and storage (CCS) The high energy output from an electron beam (E-Beam) accelerator will be used to break chemical bonds The project comprises two budget periods (BP) of 9 and 15 months each for a total duration of 24 months
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 29
Project ObjectivesBP Objectives
1
bull Complete design and manufacture of testing skid with E-Beam reactor for testing at IBAbull Successful commissioning of DEBS equipment at GTI and IBA
bull Identify at least two catalysts to control the recombination and increase the yields for more valuableproducts
bull Develop preliminary predictive kinetic model to guide BP2 testing
2
bull Determine key operating parameters at various E-Beam energies to maximize the per pass conversion of CO2 to valuable products control selectivities between various products and minimize E-Beam energy requirements
bull Identify operating conditions and catalyst combinations to further control selectivities between products and minimize overall energy requirements
bull Review experimental data to optimize and improve preliminary kinetic model developed in BP1bull Complete data analysis and reporting of the experimental runs
bull Complete economical assessment techno-economic analysis and perform life cycle analysis for the process
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 30
Experiments will be conducted in non-catalytic as well as catalytic modes A kinetic model will be developed by SUNY based on the collected data and will be
used to predict the chemical performance of the DEBS process A conceptual design for coupling the DEBS process to a coal-fired power plant will
be developed
This project will expand on the concept of DEBS to Develop a commercially viable process Minimize E-Beam energy requirements Maximize CO2 conversion Selectively control the yield of more valuable products using
catalysts
Innovation non-equilibrium process that breaks bonds directly unlike conventional chemistry that requires heating the entire molecule
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 31
Current technology for the commercial production of acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide requires High temperatures and pressures Expensive catalysts in multiple process steps High capital and operating costs
The DEBS process uses high-energy electron beams to break chemical bonds allowing production of the desired chemicals at near-ambient pressure and temperatures and has been demonstrated by other research groups at bench-scale
Successfully combining DEBS technology with CO2 captured from coal-fired power plant flue gas provides a low-cost energy-efficient process to produce valuable chemicals and reduce emissions
Advantages Over Traditional Processes
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 32
Electron Beam Deposition into Gas
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 33
Electron Beam Primer
V = Voltage (eV)I = Current (amp)V x I = Power (watt)
1eV = Kinetic energy of an electron accelerated to 1 voltCharge of an electron = 1602 x 10-19 coulombs
1 coulomb = 625 x 1018 electrons
Current = ChargeTime1 amp = 1 coulomb 1 sec
1 eV x 1 amp= 1 watt = 1 Jsec1 eV = 1602 x 10-19 J
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 34
Electron Beam Primer
500keV amp 15mAsqin E-Beam on a 1 sq in areaE-Beam power = 750 watt or 750 Jsec
Each electron will have500000 x 1602 x 10-19 = 8 x 10-14 J of energy
E-Beam will have15 x 10-3 1602 x 10-19 = 93633 x 1015 electrons per second
Each electron has the potential to achieve ~100000 interactions
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 35
Industrial Accelerator Design (linear)
Typical Numbers in range of interest450 to 1000 keV25 to 250 mA11 - 100 kW1
Efficiency 45 ndash 602
1 Robert W Hamm RampM Technical Enterprises Inc 9th ICFA Seminar ndash October 30 20082 Applied Energetics httpwwwappliedenergeticscomdownloadsproduct-offeringsnested-high-voltage-generatorpdf3 Kim et Al amp NHV Japan amp Bulgaria Power Plant
Source of Electrons
Acceleration Modules
Electron beam
Large Scale Industrial Applications800 keV500 mA400 kW3
Efficiency up to 883
Vacuum
Foil
Target
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 36
Electron Beam Deposition
Maximum efficiency occurs when electron beam deposition depth is equal to reactor depthDeposition depth depends on these parametersbull Electron beam voltagebull Gas compositionbull Gas pressure (Limited by foil)bull Foil composition and thicknessre
acto
r dep
th=
d
ElectronBeam Voltage ndash Controls how FAR the electrons will go
Current - Controls how MANY electrons will go
Beam Energy
Beam
Dep
th
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 37
Electron Beam Deposition (continued)
Electron beam inVoltage VinCurrent IExposure time T
Electron beam outVoltage Vout = Vin - ∆VCurrent IExposure time T
Dose = ((Vin-Vout) times I times T) M
Dose = energy deposited per unit massUnit of dose 1 Joulekg = 1 Gray
mass M
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 38
Deposition into a Gas Flowing in a Reactor
Flow velocity v
Dose = (V (potential) times I (currentarea) times a (window area) v (velocity)) M (mass)
Mass M
ElectronBeam
e-beam window area = a
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
175 | 159 | 143 | 079 | 016 | 143 | 016 | 048 | 095 | 127 | 159 | 159 | ||||||||||||
143 | 079 | 063 | 063 | 032 | 095 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 095 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 095 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 048 | 063 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
127 | 111 | 063 | 095 | 159 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 238 | 111 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 175 | 19 | 175 | 19 | 111 | 111 | 143 | 143 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
19 | 206 | 206 | 222 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | 063 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
222 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 159 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
238 | 302 | 333 | 349 | 381 | 159 | 111 | 143 | 111 | 048 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
254 | 365 | 413 | 413 | 444 | 206 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 079 | 175 | 063 | ||||||||||||
317 | 429 | 46 | 476 | 46 | 254 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 238 | 079 | ||||||||||||
365 | 476 | 524 | 571 | 508 | 302 | 159 | 127 | 143 | 048 | 206 | 079 | ||||||||||||
413 | 556 | 619 | 667 | 571 | 381 | 175 | 127 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
476 | 635 | 714 | 73 | 635 | 429 | 222 | 159 | 19 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
556 | 714 | 825 | 825 | 73 | 46 | 254 | 175 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
635 | 825 | 952 | 937 | 81 | 54 | 286 | 175 | 159 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
698 | 984 | 1079 | 1032 | 873 | 603 | 333 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
73 | 1159 | 1238 | 1159 | 952 | 683 | 381 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 127 | 079 | ||||||||||||
778 | 1349 | 1429 | 1302 | 1111 | 73 | 429 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
857 | 1587 | 1603 | 1476 | 1238 | 81 | 476 | 27 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
952 | 1889 | 181 | 1651 | 1349 | 889 | 556 | 302 | 159 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1127 | 2238 | 2048 | 1841 | 146 | 984 | 603 | 317 | 19 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1397 | 2651 | 2317 | 2032 | 1603 | 1111 | 635 | 333 | 222 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1937 | 3095 | 2587 | 2238 | 1746 | 1222 | 698 | 381 | 222 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2968 | 3556 | 2889 | 246 | 1873 | 1302 | 762 | 429 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
4333 | 4063 | 3206 | 2667 | 2016 | 1397 | 825 | 46 | 254 | 048 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
5571 | 4603 | 3508 | 2873 | 2175 | 1556 | 889 | 476 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
6587 | 5127 | 3841 | 3079 | 2333 | 1667 | 10 | 524 | 238 | 032 | 175 | 111 | ||||||||||||
7556 | 5667 | 4175 | 3286 | 2492 | 173 | 1063 | 571 | 254 | 048 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
8587 | 6222 | 4476 | 3492 | 2603 | 1873 | 1095 | 603 | 27 | 048 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
9635 | 6746 | 4762 | 3714 | 273 | 2016 | 119 | 667 | 302 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
10619 | 7206 | 5048 | 3937 | 2889 | 2111 | 1286 | 698 | 333 | 095 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
11524 | 7635 | 5349 | 4143 | 3063 | 2222 | 1349 | 714 | 365 | 063 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12365 | 8079 | 5619 | 4317 | 319 | 2349 | 1413 | 762 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
13048 | 8508 | 5857 | 4508 | 3302 | 2444 | 1492 | 794 | 397 | 095 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13603 | 8825 | 6111 | 4667 | 3444 | 2508 | 1571 | 825 | 397 | 127 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14095 | 9095 | 6365 | 4841 | 3556 | 2635 | 1619 | 857 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14444 | 9365 | 6556 | 50 | 3683 | 2746 | 1683 | 921 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14746 | 9603 | 6714 | 5159 | 381 | 2794 | 1746 | 937 | 413 | 159 | 143 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15048 | 9841 | 6889 | 5286 | 3921 | 2873 | 181 | 968 | 444 | 175 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15349 | 10016 | 7079 | 5397 | 40 | 2968 | 1873 | 10 | 46 | 159 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15587 | 10206 | 7206 | 5508 | 4095 | 3032 | 1952 | 1048 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15778 | 10349 | 7317 | 5635 | 4159 | 3048 | 2016 | 1079 | 46 | 143 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
16048 | 10476 | 7444 | 573 | 4222 | 3127 | 2032 | 1095 | 492 | 127 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16571 | 10762 | 7587 | 5841 | 4333 | 3254 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16873 | 10889 | 7714 | 5905 | 4397 | 327 | 2127 | 1127 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17048 | 110 | 7825 | 5984 | 4429 | 3302 | 2143 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17524 | 11238 | 7968 | 6016 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17698 | 11381 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19016 | 1146 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 159 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18794 | 11476 | 7952 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 175 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17444 | 11206 | 7952 | 6032 | 4476 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12794 | 8333 | 5762 | 4429 | 327 | 2413 | 146 | 778 | 397 | 079 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
619 | 778 | 889 | 889 | 794 | 492 | 286 | 175 | 175 | 063 | 095 | 079 | ||||||||||||
524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
444 | 603 | 667 | 698 | 603 | 397 | 19 | 143 | 175 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
333 | 46 | 492 | 524 | 476 | 27 | 143 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 095 | ||||||||||||
286 | 413 | 444 | 444 | 444 | 238 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 079 | ||||||||||||
254 | 349 | 381 | 397 | 429 | 19 | 095 | 111 | 111 | 063 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Asia | 10 | ||
Europe | 30 | ||
USA | 60 | ||
Others | 13 | ||
Wire and Cable | 31 | ||
Shrink Tube | 17 | ||
Shrink Film | 24 | ||
Tires | 9 | ||
Service Centers | 6 |
Asia | |
Europe | |
USA |
Others | |
Wire and Cable | |
Shrink Tube | |
Shrink Film | |
Tires | |
Service Centers |
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 10
Addressing Key Issues Across the Energy Value Chain
Expanding the supply of clean abundant and affordable natural gas
Ensuring a safe and reliable energy delivery infrastructure
Promoting the clean and efficient use of energy resources
FOR A BETTER ENVIRONMENT AND A BETTER ECONOMY
Transforming natural resources into clean fuels power and chemicals
SUPPLY CONVERSION DELIVERY UTILIZATION
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 11
IBA Industrial - Background
IBA IndustrialGeneral Overview July - 2017
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 13 -
Based in Belgium listed on Euronext Brussels
Focused on particle accelerators
gt400 accelerators worldwide
2016 sales of euro329 million
1200+ people worldwide 40 nationalities
15 offices on 3 continents
IBA in a nutshell
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 14 -
IBArsquos core competence ndash Particle accelerators
Patient or Product
electrons
protons
Particle Accelerators
Proton or electron acceleration
Atom
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 15 -
IBA Main Activities
Proton Therapy
RadioPharma
Dosimetry
Industrial
Cancer treatmentAccurate protonsMinimized side effects55 market share22 IBA supplied centers
Cancer diagnostic160+ Cyclotrons installedSynthera multi-tracer systemFrom Cyclotron to turnkey
Patient and machine QACalibration validation and QA
Used in most hospitals
Industrial applicationsMedical Device Sterilization
Polymer crosslinkingFood pasteurization
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 16 -
IBA Industrial250+ Electron beam accelerators installed worldwide
Americas55
Asia14
EMEA28
ROW3
IBA Installed base
Crosslinking72
RampD9
Sterilization
18
Other1
Applications
36 +Rhodotron
200 +Dynamitron
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 17 -
IBArsquos product portfolio
Dynamitron05 -gt 5 MeV | 160 mA
Electron beam
Rhodotron3 -gt 10 MeV | 245 kW
Electron beam and X-rays
eXelis5 ndash 7 MeV | 560kW
X-rays
Main application E-beam Crosslinking Main application E-beam box sterilization Main application X-ray pallet sterilization
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 18 -
Rhodotron and Dynamitron product ranges
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 19 -
IBA Industrial Inc ndash Markets
Sterilization Crosslinking
Food Sterile Insect
Cargo screeningMail Sanitization
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 20
SUNY - Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 21
SUNY-Environmental Science and Forestry
bull 8 Departments (Bio Paper Sci Forestry Landscape Arch Env Studies Sci Eng
bull 2000 undergrads 550 grad students
Chemistry MS and PhD bull Biochemistrybull Environmental Chemistrybull Organic Natural Products bull Polymer Chemistry
15 Faculty40 grad students
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 22
Professor of ChemistrySUNY-Environmental Science amp Forestry
(tsdibbleesfedu)bull SUNY-ESF
1 of 7 PhD-granting SUNY campusesLocated in Syracuse
bull My Training PhD (Physical Chemistry) U Michigan 1992
bull My Research Group 1 MS 1 PhD 1 undergrad(1 MS and 1 PhD student arriving in Fall)
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Theodore S Dibble
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 23
Research is 90 Kineticsbull Tools Experiment Theory Kinetic Models
Lasers to generate and monitor radicalsGas chromatography-mass spectrometryInfrared spectroscopyQuantum chemistry theoretical kineticsReaction mechanismsLarge kinetic models
bull TopicsAtmospheric ozone and mercuryCombustionElectron beams
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Research Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 24
Previous Work Humid Air (N2 O2 H2O)
Goal understand sources of OH radical (removes SO2 and NOx from flue gas)
bull Started with a published model- added reactions- edited rate constants amp reaction products- iterated until ldquoself-consistentrdquo (~900 reactions)
bull Ran model- tested againstreintepreted exp results- analyzed sources of OH amp error
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Kinetic Modeling of Electron Beams
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 25
bull Software Kintecus Chemical ModelingPlug flow reactorhuge number of reactionsAccurate numerical integration
bull Input ParametersDose rate (Joules absorbedkg gas) from IBAInitial species concentrationsSet of reactions and rate constants
bull Outputs Concentrations vs timeSensitivity coefficients
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Technical Details
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 26
Technical Approach Discussion
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 27
High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products
Sponsor
Funding $799997 DOE ($206000 co-funding) two year effort
Objective Develop a direct electron beam (E-Beam) synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide using carbon dioxide (CO2) captured from a coal-fired power plant and methane (natural gas)
Team Member Rolesbull Overall project integration and managementbull Design construct the E-Beam reactor and the testing unitbull Conceptual design for coal-fired power plants with DEBS
bull Provide guidance in E-Beam reactor design and E-Beam accelerator for testing
bull Develop a kinetic model for the E-Beam reactor
DE-FE0029787
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 28
Project Objectives
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this project is to develop the Direct E-Beam Synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide at relatively low severity (pressure being near one atmosphere and temperatures of lt150degC) from near-pure CO2 captured from a pulverized coal (PC)-fired power plant and methane imported as natural gas Creating valuable products will offset the cost of carbon capture and storage (CCS) The high energy output from an electron beam (E-Beam) accelerator will be used to break chemical bonds The project comprises two budget periods (BP) of 9 and 15 months each for a total duration of 24 months
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 29
Project ObjectivesBP Objectives
1
bull Complete design and manufacture of testing skid with E-Beam reactor for testing at IBAbull Successful commissioning of DEBS equipment at GTI and IBA
bull Identify at least two catalysts to control the recombination and increase the yields for more valuableproducts
bull Develop preliminary predictive kinetic model to guide BP2 testing
2
bull Determine key operating parameters at various E-Beam energies to maximize the per pass conversion of CO2 to valuable products control selectivities between various products and minimize E-Beam energy requirements
bull Identify operating conditions and catalyst combinations to further control selectivities between products and minimize overall energy requirements
bull Review experimental data to optimize and improve preliminary kinetic model developed in BP1bull Complete data analysis and reporting of the experimental runs
bull Complete economical assessment techno-economic analysis and perform life cycle analysis for the process
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 30
Experiments will be conducted in non-catalytic as well as catalytic modes A kinetic model will be developed by SUNY based on the collected data and will be
used to predict the chemical performance of the DEBS process A conceptual design for coupling the DEBS process to a coal-fired power plant will
be developed
This project will expand on the concept of DEBS to Develop a commercially viable process Minimize E-Beam energy requirements Maximize CO2 conversion Selectively control the yield of more valuable products using
catalysts
Innovation non-equilibrium process that breaks bonds directly unlike conventional chemistry that requires heating the entire molecule
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 31
Current technology for the commercial production of acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide requires High temperatures and pressures Expensive catalysts in multiple process steps High capital and operating costs
The DEBS process uses high-energy electron beams to break chemical bonds allowing production of the desired chemicals at near-ambient pressure and temperatures and has been demonstrated by other research groups at bench-scale
Successfully combining DEBS technology with CO2 captured from coal-fired power plant flue gas provides a low-cost energy-efficient process to produce valuable chemicals and reduce emissions
Advantages Over Traditional Processes
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 32
Electron Beam Deposition into Gas
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 33
Electron Beam Primer
V = Voltage (eV)I = Current (amp)V x I = Power (watt)
1eV = Kinetic energy of an electron accelerated to 1 voltCharge of an electron = 1602 x 10-19 coulombs
1 coulomb = 625 x 1018 electrons
Current = ChargeTime1 amp = 1 coulomb 1 sec
1 eV x 1 amp= 1 watt = 1 Jsec1 eV = 1602 x 10-19 J
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 34
Electron Beam Primer
500keV amp 15mAsqin E-Beam on a 1 sq in areaE-Beam power = 750 watt or 750 Jsec
Each electron will have500000 x 1602 x 10-19 = 8 x 10-14 J of energy
E-Beam will have15 x 10-3 1602 x 10-19 = 93633 x 1015 electrons per second
Each electron has the potential to achieve ~100000 interactions
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 35
Industrial Accelerator Design (linear)
Typical Numbers in range of interest450 to 1000 keV25 to 250 mA11 - 100 kW1
Efficiency 45 ndash 602
1 Robert W Hamm RampM Technical Enterprises Inc 9th ICFA Seminar ndash October 30 20082 Applied Energetics httpwwwappliedenergeticscomdownloadsproduct-offeringsnested-high-voltage-generatorpdf3 Kim et Al amp NHV Japan amp Bulgaria Power Plant
Source of Electrons
Acceleration Modules
Electron beam
Large Scale Industrial Applications800 keV500 mA400 kW3
Efficiency up to 883
Vacuum
Foil
Target
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 36
Electron Beam Deposition
Maximum efficiency occurs when electron beam deposition depth is equal to reactor depthDeposition depth depends on these parametersbull Electron beam voltagebull Gas compositionbull Gas pressure (Limited by foil)bull Foil composition and thicknessre
acto
r dep
th=
d
ElectronBeam Voltage ndash Controls how FAR the electrons will go
Current - Controls how MANY electrons will go
Beam Energy
Beam
Dep
th
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 37
Electron Beam Deposition (continued)
Electron beam inVoltage VinCurrent IExposure time T
Electron beam outVoltage Vout = Vin - ∆VCurrent IExposure time T
Dose = ((Vin-Vout) times I times T) M
Dose = energy deposited per unit massUnit of dose 1 Joulekg = 1 Gray
mass M
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 38
Deposition into a Gas Flowing in a Reactor
Flow velocity v
Dose = (V (potential) times I (currentarea) times a (window area) v (velocity)) M (mass)
Mass M
ElectronBeam
e-beam window area = a
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
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159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
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238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
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15587 | 10206 | 7206 | 5508 | 4095 | 3032 | 1952 | 1048 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15778 | 10349 | 7317 | 5635 | 4159 | 3048 | 2016 | 1079 | 46 | 143 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
16048 | 10476 | 7444 | 573 | 4222 | 3127 | 2032 | 1095 | 492 | 127 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
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17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
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17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
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18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
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17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
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12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
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9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
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3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
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238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Asia | 10 | ||
Europe | 30 | ||
USA | 60 | ||
Others | 13 | ||
Wire and Cable | 31 | ||
Shrink Tube | 17 | ||
Shrink Film | 24 | ||
Tires | 9 | ||
Service Centers | 6 |
Asia | |
Europe | |
USA |
Others | |
Wire and Cable | |
Shrink Tube | |
Shrink Film | |
Tires | |
Service Centers |
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 11
IBA Industrial - Background
IBA IndustrialGeneral Overview July - 2017
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 13 -
Based in Belgium listed on Euronext Brussels
Focused on particle accelerators
gt400 accelerators worldwide
2016 sales of euro329 million
1200+ people worldwide 40 nationalities
15 offices on 3 continents
IBA in a nutshell
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 14 -
IBArsquos core competence ndash Particle accelerators
Patient or Product
electrons
protons
Particle Accelerators
Proton or electron acceleration
Atom
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 15 -
IBA Main Activities
Proton Therapy
RadioPharma
Dosimetry
Industrial
Cancer treatmentAccurate protonsMinimized side effects55 market share22 IBA supplied centers
Cancer diagnostic160+ Cyclotrons installedSynthera multi-tracer systemFrom Cyclotron to turnkey
Patient and machine QACalibration validation and QA
Used in most hospitals
Industrial applicationsMedical Device Sterilization
Polymer crosslinkingFood pasteurization
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 16 -
IBA Industrial250+ Electron beam accelerators installed worldwide
Americas55
Asia14
EMEA28
ROW3
IBA Installed base
Crosslinking72
RampD9
Sterilization
18
Other1
Applications
36 +Rhodotron
200 +Dynamitron
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 17 -
IBArsquos product portfolio
Dynamitron05 -gt 5 MeV | 160 mA
Electron beam
Rhodotron3 -gt 10 MeV | 245 kW
Electron beam and X-rays
eXelis5 ndash 7 MeV | 560kW
X-rays
Main application E-beam Crosslinking Main application E-beam box sterilization Main application X-ray pallet sterilization
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 18 -
Rhodotron and Dynamitron product ranges
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 19 -
IBA Industrial Inc ndash Markets
Sterilization Crosslinking
Food Sterile Insect
Cargo screeningMail Sanitization
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 20
SUNY - Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 21
SUNY-Environmental Science and Forestry
bull 8 Departments (Bio Paper Sci Forestry Landscape Arch Env Studies Sci Eng
bull 2000 undergrads 550 grad students
Chemistry MS and PhD bull Biochemistrybull Environmental Chemistrybull Organic Natural Products bull Polymer Chemistry
15 Faculty40 grad students
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 22
Professor of ChemistrySUNY-Environmental Science amp Forestry
(tsdibbleesfedu)bull SUNY-ESF
1 of 7 PhD-granting SUNY campusesLocated in Syracuse
bull My Training PhD (Physical Chemistry) U Michigan 1992
bull My Research Group 1 MS 1 PhD 1 undergrad(1 MS and 1 PhD student arriving in Fall)
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Theodore S Dibble
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 23
Research is 90 Kineticsbull Tools Experiment Theory Kinetic Models
Lasers to generate and monitor radicalsGas chromatography-mass spectrometryInfrared spectroscopyQuantum chemistry theoretical kineticsReaction mechanismsLarge kinetic models
bull TopicsAtmospheric ozone and mercuryCombustionElectron beams
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Research Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 24
Previous Work Humid Air (N2 O2 H2O)
Goal understand sources of OH radical (removes SO2 and NOx from flue gas)
bull Started with a published model- added reactions- edited rate constants amp reaction products- iterated until ldquoself-consistentrdquo (~900 reactions)
bull Ran model- tested againstreintepreted exp results- analyzed sources of OH amp error
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Kinetic Modeling of Electron Beams
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 25
bull Software Kintecus Chemical ModelingPlug flow reactorhuge number of reactionsAccurate numerical integration
bull Input ParametersDose rate (Joules absorbedkg gas) from IBAInitial species concentrationsSet of reactions and rate constants
bull Outputs Concentrations vs timeSensitivity coefficients
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Technical Details
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 26
Technical Approach Discussion
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 27
High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products
Sponsor
Funding $799997 DOE ($206000 co-funding) two year effort
Objective Develop a direct electron beam (E-Beam) synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide using carbon dioxide (CO2) captured from a coal-fired power plant and methane (natural gas)
Team Member Rolesbull Overall project integration and managementbull Design construct the E-Beam reactor and the testing unitbull Conceptual design for coal-fired power plants with DEBS
bull Provide guidance in E-Beam reactor design and E-Beam accelerator for testing
bull Develop a kinetic model for the E-Beam reactor
DE-FE0029787
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 28
Project Objectives
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this project is to develop the Direct E-Beam Synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide at relatively low severity (pressure being near one atmosphere and temperatures of lt150degC) from near-pure CO2 captured from a pulverized coal (PC)-fired power plant and methane imported as natural gas Creating valuable products will offset the cost of carbon capture and storage (CCS) The high energy output from an electron beam (E-Beam) accelerator will be used to break chemical bonds The project comprises two budget periods (BP) of 9 and 15 months each for a total duration of 24 months
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 29
Project ObjectivesBP Objectives
1
bull Complete design and manufacture of testing skid with E-Beam reactor for testing at IBAbull Successful commissioning of DEBS equipment at GTI and IBA
bull Identify at least two catalysts to control the recombination and increase the yields for more valuableproducts
bull Develop preliminary predictive kinetic model to guide BP2 testing
2
bull Determine key operating parameters at various E-Beam energies to maximize the per pass conversion of CO2 to valuable products control selectivities between various products and minimize E-Beam energy requirements
bull Identify operating conditions and catalyst combinations to further control selectivities between products and minimize overall energy requirements
bull Review experimental data to optimize and improve preliminary kinetic model developed in BP1bull Complete data analysis and reporting of the experimental runs
bull Complete economical assessment techno-economic analysis and perform life cycle analysis for the process
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 30
Experiments will be conducted in non-catalytic as well as catalytic modes A kinetic model will be developed by SUNY based on the collected data and will be
used to predict the chemical performance of the DEBS process A conceptual design for coupling the DEBS process to a coal-fired power plant will
be developed
This project will expand on the concept of DEBS to Develop a commercially viable process Minimize E-Beam energy requirements Maximize CO2 conversion Selectively control the yield of more valuable products using
catalysts
Innovation non-equilibrium process that breaks bonds directly unlike conventional chemistry that requires heating the entire molecule
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 31
Current technology for the commercial production of acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide requires High temperatures and pressures Expensive catalysts in multiple process steps High capital and operating costs
The DEBS process uses high-energy electron beams to break chemical bonds allowing production of the desired chemicals at near-ambient pressure and temperatures and has been demonstrated by other research groups at bench-scale
Successfully combining DEBS technology with CO2 captured from coal-fired power plant flue gas provides a low-cost energy-efficient process to produce valuable chemicals and reduce emissions
Advantages Over Traditional Processes
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 32
Electron Beam Deposition into Gas
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 33
Electron Beam Primer
V = Voltage (eV)I = Current (amp)V x I = Power (watt)
1eV = Kinetic energy of an electron accelerated to 1 voltCharge of an electron = 1602 x 10-19 coulombs
1 coulomb = 625 x 1018 electrons
Current = ChargeTime1 amp = 1 coulomb 1 sec
1 eV x 1 amp= 1 watt = 1 Jsec1 eV = 1602 x 10-19 J
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 34
Electron Beam Primer
500keV amp 15mAsqin E-Beam on a 1 sq in areaE-Beam power = 750 watt or 750 Jsec
Each electron will have500000 x 1602 x 10-19 = 8 x 10-14 J of energy
E-Beam will have15 x 10-3 1602 x 10-19 = 93633 x 1015 electrons per second
Each electron has the potential to achieve ~100000 interactions
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 35
Industrial Accelerator Design (linear)
Typical Numbers in range of interest450 to 1000 keV25 to 250 mA11 - 100 kW1
Efficiency 45 ndash 602
1 Robert W Hamm RampM Technical Enterprises Inc 9th ICFA Seminar ndash October 30 20082 Applied Energetics httpwwwappliedenergeticscomdownloadsproduct-offeringsnested-high-voltage-generatorpdf3 Kim et Al amp NHV Japan amp Bulgaria Power Plant
Source of Electrons
Acceleration Modules
Electron beam
Large Scale Industrial Applications800 keV500 mA400 kW3
Efficiency up to 883
Vacuum
Foil
Target
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 36
Electron Beam Deposition
Maximum efficiency occurs when electron beam deposition depth is equal to reactor depthDeposition depth depends on these parametersbull Electron beam voltagebull Gas compositionbull Gas pressure (Limited by foil)bull Foil composition and thicknessre
acto
r dep
th=
d
ElectronBeam Voltage ndash Controls how FAR the electrons will go
Current - Controls how MANY electrons will go
Beam Energy
Beam
Dep
th
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 37
Electron Beam Deposition (continued)
Electron beam inVoltage VinCurrent IExposure time T
Electron beam outVoltage Vout = Vin - ∆VCurrent IExposure time T
Dose = ((Vin-Vout) times I times T) M
Dose = energy deposited per unit massUnit of dose 1 Joulekg = 1 Gray
mass M
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 38
Deposition into a Gas Flowing in a Reactor
Flow velocity v
Dose = (V (potential) times I (currentarea) times a (window area) v (velocity)) M (mass)
Mass M
ElectronBeam
e-beam window area = a
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
175 | 159 | 143 | 079 | 016 | 143 | 016 | 048 | 095 | 127 | 159 | 159 | ||||||||||||
143 | 079 | 063 | 063 | 032 | 095 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 095 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 095 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 048 | 063 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
127 | 111 | 063 | 095 | 159 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 238 | 111 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 175 | 19 | 175 | 19 | 111 | 111 | 143 | 143 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
19 | 206 | 206 | 222 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | 063 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
222 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 159 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
238 | 302 | 333 | 349 | 381 | 159 | 111 | 143 | 111 | 048 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
254 | 365 | 413 | 413 | 444 | 206 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 079 | 175 | 063 | ||||||||||||
317 | 429 | 46 | 476 | 46 | 254 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 238 | 079 | ||||||||||||
365 | 476 | 524 | 571 | 508 | 302 | 159 | 127 | 143 | 048 | 206 | 079 | ||||||||||||
413 | 556 | 619 | 667 | 571 | 381 | 175 | 127 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
476 | 635 | 714 | 73 | 635 | 429 | 222 | 159 | 19 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
556 | 714 | 825 | 825 | 73 | 46 | 254 | 175 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
635 | 825 | 952 | 937 | 81 | 54 | 286 | 175 | 159 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
698 | 984 | 1079 | 1032 | 873 | 603 | 333 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
73 | 1159 | 1238 | 1159 | 952 | 683 | 381 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 127 | 079 | ||||||||||||
778 | 1349 | 1429 | 1302 | 1111 | 73 | 429 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
857 | 1587 | 1603 | 1476 | 1238 | 81 | 476 | 27 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
952 | 1889 | 181 | 1651 | 1349 | 889 | 556 | 302 | 159 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1127 | 2238 | 2048 | 1841 | 146 | 984 | 603 | 317 | 19 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1397 | 2651 | 2317 | 2032 | 1603 | 1111 | 635 | 333 | 222 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1937 | 3095 | 2587 | 2238 | 1746 | 1222 | 698 | 381 | 222 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2968 | 3556 | 2889 | 246 | 1873 | 1302 | 762 | 429 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
4333 | 4063 | 3206 | 2667 | 2016 | 1397 | 825 | 46 | 254 | 048 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
5571 | 4603 | 3508 | 2873 | 2175 | 1556 | 889 | 476 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
6587 | 5127 | 3841 | 3079 | 2333 | 1667 | 10 | 524 | 238 | 032 | 175 | 111 | ||||||||||||
7556 | 5667 | 4175 | 3286 | 2492 | 173 | 1063 | 571 | 254 | 048 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
8587 | 6222 | 4476 | 3492 | 2603 | 1873 | 1095 | 603 | 27 | 048 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
9635 | 6746 | 4762 | 3714 | 273 | 2016 | 119 | 667 | 302 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
10619 | 7206 | 5048 | 3937 | 2889 | 2111 | 1286 | 698 | 333 | 095 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
11524 | 7635 | 5349 | 4143 | 3063 | 2222 | 1349 | 714 | 365 | 063 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12365 | 8079 | 5619 | 4317 | 319 | 2349 | 1413 | 762 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
13048 | 8508 | 5857 | 4508 | 3302 | 2444 | 1492 | 794 | 397 | 095 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13603 | 8825 | 6111 | 4667 | 3444 | 2508 | 1571 | 825 | 397 | 127 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14095 | 9095 | 6365 | 4841 | 3556 | 2635 | 1619 | 857 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14444 | 9365 | 6556 | 50 | 3683 | 2746 | 1683 | 921 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14746 | 9603 | 6714 | 5159 | 381 | 2794 | 1746 | 937 | 413 | 159 | 143 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15048 | 9841 | 6889 | 5286 | 3921 | 2873 | 181 | 968 | 444 | 175 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15349 | 10016 | 7079 | 5397 | 40 | 2968 | 1873 | 10 | 46 | 159 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15587 | 10206 | 7206 | 5508 | 4095 | 3032 | 1952 | 1048 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15778 | 10349 | 7317 | 5635 | 4159 | 3048 | 2016 | 1079 | 46 | 143 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
16048 | 10476 | 7444 | 573 | 4222 | 3127 | 2032 | 1095 | 492 | 127 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16571 | 10762 | 7587 | 5841 | 4333 | 3254 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16873 | 10889 | 7714 | 5905 | 4397 | 327 | 2127 | 1127 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17048 | 110 | 7825 | 5984 | 4429 | 3302 | 2143 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17524 | 11238 | 7968 | 6016 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17698 | 11381 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19016 | 1146 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 159 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18794 | 11476 | 7952 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 175 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17444 | 11206 | 7952 | 6032 | 4476 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12794 | 8333 | 5762 | 4429 | 327 | 2413 | 146 | 778 | 397 | 079 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
619 | 778 | 889 | 889 | 794 | 492 | 286 | 175 | 175 | 063 | 095 | 079 | ||||||||||||
524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
444 | 603 | 667 | 698 | 603 | 397 | 19 | 143 | 175 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
333 | 46 | 492 | 524 | 476 | 27 | 143 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 095 | ||||||||||||
286 | 413 | 444 | 444 | 444 | 238 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 079 | ||||||||||||
254 | 349 | 381 | 397 | 429 | 19 | 095 | 111 | 111 | 063 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Asia | 10 | ||
Europe | 30 | ||
USA | 60 | ||
Others | 13 | ||
Wire and Cable | 31 | ||
Shrink Tube | 17 | ||
Shrink Film | 24 | ||
Tires | 9 | ||
Service Centers | 6 |
Asia | |
Europe | |
USA |
Others | |
Wire and Cable | |
Shrink Tube | |
Shrink Film | |
Tires | |
Service Centers |
IBA IndustrialGeneral Overview July - 2017
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 13 -
Based in Belgium listed on Euronext Brussels
Focused on particle accelerators
gt400 accelerators worldwide
2016 sales of euro329 million
1200+ people worldwide 40 nationalities
15 offices on 3 continents
IBA in a nutshell
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 14 -
IBArsquos core competence ndash Particle accelerators
Patient or Product
electrons
protons
Particle Accelerators
Proton or electron acceleration
Atom
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 15 -
IBA Main Activities
Proton Therapy
RadioPharma
Dosimetry
Industrial
Cancer treatmentAccurate protonsMinimized side effects55 market share22 IBA supplied centers
Cancer diagnostic160+ Cyclotrons installedSynthera multi-tracer systemFrom Cyclotron to turnkey
Patient and machine QACalibration validation and QA
Used in most hospitals
Industrial applicationsMedical Device Sterilization
Polymer crosslinkingFood pasteurization
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 16 -
IBA Industrial250+ Electron beam accelerators installed worldwide
Americas55
Asia14
EMEA28
ROW3
IBA Installed base
Crosslinking72
RampD9
Sterilization
18
Other1
Applications
36 +Rhodotron
200 +Dynamitron
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 17 -
IBArsquos product portfolio
Dynamitron05 -gt 5 MeV | 160 mA
Electron beam
Rhodotron3 -gt 10 MeV | 245 kW
Electron beam and X-rays
eXelis5 ndash 7 MeV | 560kW
X-rays
Main application E-beam Crosslinking Main application E-beam box sterilization Main application X-ray pallet sterilization
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 18 -
Rhodotron and Dynamitron product ranges
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 19 -
IBA Industrial Inc ndash Markets
Sterilization Crosslinking
Food Sterile Insect
Cargo screeningMail Sanitization
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 20
SUNY - Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 21
SUNY-Environmental Science and Forestry
bull 8 Departments (Bio Paper Sci Forestry Landscape Arch Env Studies Sci Eng
bull 2000 undergrads 550 grad students
Chemistry MS and PhD bull Biochemistrybull Environmental Chemistrybull Organic Natural Products bull Polymer Chemistry
15 Faculty40 grad students
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 22
Professor of ChemistrySUNY-Environmental Science amp Forestry
(tsdibbleesfedu)bull SUNY-ESF
1 of 7 PhD-granting SUNY campusesLocated in Syracuse
bull My Training PhD (Physical Chemistry) U Michigan 1992
bull My Research Group 1 MS 1 PhD 1 undergrad(1 MS and 1 PhD student arriving in Fall)
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Theodore S Dibble
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 23
Research is 90 Kineticsbull Tools Experiment Theory Kinetic Models
Lasers to generate and monitor radicalsGas chromatography-mass spectrometryInfrared spectroscopyQuantum chemistry theoretical kineticsReaction mechanismsLarge kinetic models
bull TopicsAtmospheric ozone and mercuryCombustionElectron beams
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Research Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 24
Previous Work Humid Air (N2 O2 H2O)
Goal understand sources of OH radical (removes SO2 and NOx from flue gas)
bull Started with a published model- added reactions- edited rate constants amp reaction products- iterated until ldquoself-consistentrdquo (~900 reactions)
bull Ran model- tested againstreintepreted exp results- analyzed sources of OH amp error
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Kinetic Modeling of Electron Beams
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 25
bull Software Kintecus Chemical ModelingPlug flow reactorhuge number of reactionsAccurate numerical integration
bull Input ParametersDose rate (Joules absorbedkg gas) from IBAInitial species concentrationsSet of reactions and rate constants
bull Outputs Concentrations vs timeSensitivity coefficients
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Technical Details
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 26
Technical Approach Discussion
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 27
High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products
Sponsor
Funding $799997 DOE ($206000 co-funding) two year effort
Objective Develop a direct electron beam (E-Beam) synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide using carbon dioxide (CO2) captured from a coal-fired power plant and methane (natural gas)
Team Member Rolesbull Overall project integration and managementbull Design construct the E-Beam reactor and the testing unitbull Conceptual design for coal-fired power plants with DEBS
bull Provide guidance in E-Beam reactor design and E-Beam accelerator for testing
bull Develop a kinetic model for the E-Beam reactor
DE-FE0029787
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 28
Project Objectives
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this project is to develop the Direct E-Beam Synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide at relatively low severity (pressure being near one atmosphere and temperatures of lt150degC) from near-pure CO2 captured from a pulverized coal (PC)-fired power plant and methane imported as natural gas Creating valuable products will offset the cost of carbon capture and storage (CCS) The high energy output from an electron beam (E-Beam) accelerator will be used to break chemical bonds The project comprises two budget periods (BP) of 9 and 15 months each for a total duration of 24 months
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 29
Project ObjectivesBP Objectives
1
bull Complete design and manufacture of testing skid with E-Beam reactor for testing at IBAbull Successful commissioning of DEBS equipment at GTI and IBA
bull Identify at least two catalysts to control the recombination and increase the yields for more valuableproducts
bull Develop preliminary predictive kinetic model to guide BP2 testing
2
bull Determine key operating parameters at various E-Beam energies to maximize the per pass conversion of CO2 to valuable products control selectivities between various products and minimize E-Beam energy requirements
bull Identify operating conditions and catalyst combinations to further control selectivities between products and minimize overall energy requirements
bull Review experimental data to optimize and improve preliminary kinetic model developed in BP1bull Complete data analysis and reporting of the experimental runs
bull Complete economical assessment techno-economic analysis and perform life cycle analysis for the process
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 30
Experiments will be conducted in non-catalytic as well as catalytic modes A kinetic model will be developed by SUNY based on the collected data and will be
used to predict the chemical performance of the DEBS process A conceptual design for coupling the DEBS process to a coal-fired power plant will
be developed
This project will expand on the concept of DEBS to Develop a commercially viable process Minimize E-Beam energy requirements Maximize CO2 conversion Selectively control the yield of more valuable products using
catalysts
Innovation non-equilibrium process that breaks bonds directly unlike conventional chemistry that requires heating the entire molecule
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 31
Current technology for the commercial production of acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide requires High temperatures and pressures Expensive catalysts in multiple process steps High capital and operating costs
The DEBS process uses high-energy electron beams to break chemical bonds allowing production of the desired chemicals at near-ambient pressure and temperatures and has been demonstrated by other research groups at bench-scale
Successfully combining DEBS technology with CO2 captured from coal-fired power plant flue gas provides a low-cost energy-efficient process to produce valuable chemicals and reduce emissions
Advantages Over Traditional Processes
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 32
Electron Beam Deposition into Gas
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 33
Electron Beam Primer
V = Voltage (eV)I = Current (amp)V x I = Power (watt)
1eV = Kinetic energy of an electron accelerated to 1 voltCharge of an electron = 1602 x 10-19 coulombs
1 coulomb = 625 x 1018 electrons
Current = ChargeTime1 amp = 1 coulomb 1 sec
1 eV x 1 amp= 1 watt = 1 Jsec1 eV = 1602 x 10-19 J
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 34
Electron Beam Primer
500keV amp 15mAsqin E-Beam on a 1 sq in areaE-Beam power = 750 watt or 750 Jsec
Each electron will have500000 x 1602 x 10-19 = 8 x 10-14 J of energy
E-Beam will have15 x 10-3 1602 x 10-19 = 93633 x 1015 electrons per second
Each electron has the potential to achieve ~100000 interactions
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 35
Industrial Accelerator Design (linear)
Typical Numbers in range of interest450 to 1000 keV25 to 250 mA11 - 100 kW1
Efficiency 45 ndash 602
1 Robert W Hamm RampM Technical Enterprises Inc 9th ICFA Seminar ndash October 30 20082 Applied Energetics httpwwwappliedenergeticscomdownloadsproduct-offeringsnested-high-voltage-generatorpdf3 Kim et Al amp NHV Japan amp Bulgaria Power Plant
Source of Electrons
Acceleration Modules
Electron beam
Large Scale Industrial Applications800 keV500 mA400 kW3
Efficiency up to 883
Vacuum
Foil
Target
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 36
Electron Beam Deposition
Maximum efficiency occurs when electron beam deposition depth is equal to reactor depthDeposition depth depends on these parametersbull Electron beam voltagebull Gas compositionbull Gas pressure (Limited by foil)bull Foil composition and thicknessre
acto
r dep
th=
d
ElectronBeam Voltage ndash Controls how FAR the electrons will go
Current - Controls how MANY electrons will go
Beam Energy
Beam
Dep
th
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 37
Electron Beam Deposition (continued)
Electron beam inVoltage VinCurrent IExposure time T
Electron beam outVoltage Vout = Vin - ∆VCurrent IExposure time T
Dose = ((Vin-Vout) times I times T) M
Dose = energy deposited per unit massUnit of dose 1 Joulekg = 1 Gray
mass M
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 38
Deposition into a Gas Flowing in a Reactor
Flow velocity v
Dose = (V (potential) times I (currentarea) times a (window area) v (velocity)) M (mass)
Mass M
ElectronBeam
e-beam window area = a
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
175 | 159 | 143 | 079 | 016 | 143 | 016 | 048 | 095 | 127 | 159 | 159 | ||||||||||||
143 | 079 | 063 | 063 | 032 | 095 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 095 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 095 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 048 | 063 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
127 | 111 | 063 | 095 | 159 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 238 | 111 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 175 | 19 | 175 | 19 | 111 | 111 | 143 | 143 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
19 | 206 | 206 | 222 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | 063 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
222 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 159 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
238 | 302 | 333 | 349 | 381 | 159 | 111 | 143 | 111 | 048 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
254 | 365 | 413 | 413 | 444 | 206 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 079 | 175 | 063 | ||||||||||||
317 | 429 | 46 | 476 | 46 | 254 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 238 | 079 | ||||||||||||
365 | 476 | 524 | 571 | 508 | 302 | 159 | 127 | 143 | 048 | 206 | 079 | ||||||||||||
413 | 556 | 619 | 667 | 571 | 381 | 175 | 127 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
476 | 635 | 714 | 73 | 635 | 429 | 222 | 159 | 19 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
556 | 714 | 825 | 825 | 73 | 46 | 254 | 175 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
635 | 825 | 952 | 937 | 81 | 54 | 286 | 175 | 159 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
698 | 984 | 1079 | 1032 | 873 | 603 | 333 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
73 | 1159 | 1238 | 1159 | 952 | 683 | 381 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 127 | 079 | ||||||||||||
778 | 1349 | 1429 | 1302 | 1111 | 73 | 429 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
857 | 1587 | 1603 | 1476 | 1238 | 81 | 476 | 27 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
952 | 1889 | 181 | 1651 | 1349 | 889 | 556 | 302 | 159 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1127 | 2238 | 2048 | 1841 | 146 | 984 | 603 | 317 | 19 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1397 | 2651 | 2317 | 2032 | 1603 | 1111 | 635 | 333 | 222 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1937 | 3095 | 2587 | 2238 | 1746 | 1222 | 698 | 381 | 222 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2968 | 3556 | 2889 | 246 | 1873 | 1302 | 762 | 429 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
4333 | 4063 | 3206 | 2667 | 2016 | 1397 | 825 | 46 | 254 | 048 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
5571 | 4603 | 3508 | 2873 | 2175 | 1556 | 889 | 476 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
6587 | 5127 | 3841 | 3079 | 2333 | 1667 | 10 | 524 | 238 | 032 | 175 | 111 | ||||||||||||
7556 | 5667 | 4175 | 3286 | 2492 | 173 | 1063 | 571 | 254 | 048 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
8587 | 6222 | 4476 | 3492 | 2603 | 1873 | 1095 | 603 | 27 | 048 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
9635 | 6746 | 4762 | 3714 | 273 | 2016 | 119 | 667 | 302 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
10619 | 7206 | 5048 | 3937 | 2889 | 2111 | 1286 | 698 | 333 | 095 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
11524 | 7635 | 5349 | 4143 | 3063 | 2222 | 1349 | 714 | 365 | 063 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12365 | 8079 | 5619 | 4317 | 319 | 2349 | 1413 | 762 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
13048 | 8508 | 5857 | 4508 | 3302 | 2444 | 1492 | 794 | 397 | 095 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13603 | 8825 | 6111 | 4667 | 3444 | 2508 | 1571 | 825 | 397 | 127 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14095 | 9095 | 6365 | 4841 | 3556 | 2635 | 1619 | 857 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14444 | 9365 | 6556 | 50 | 3683 | 2746 | 1683 | 921 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14746 | 9603 | 6714 | 5159 | 381 | 2794 | 1746 | 937 | 413 | 159 | 143 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15048 | 9841 | 6889 | 5286 | 3921 | 2873 | 181 | 968 | 444 | 175 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15349 | 10016 | 7079 | 5397 | 40 | 2968 | 1873 | 10 | 46 | 159 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15587 | 10206 | 7206 | 5508 | 4095 | 3032 | 1952 | 1048 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15778 | 10349 | 7317 | 5635 | 4159 | 3048 | 2016 | 1079 | 46 | 143 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
16048 | 10476 | 7444 | 573 | 4222 | 3127 | 2032 | 1095 | 492 | 127 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16571 | 10762 | 7587 | 5841 | 4333 | 3254 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16873 | 10889 | 7714 | 5905 | 4397 | 327 | 2127 | 1127 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17048 | 110 | 7825 | 5984 | 4429 | 3302 | 2143 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17524 | 11238 | 7968 | 6016 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17698 | 11381 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19016 | 1146 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 159 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18794 | 11476 | 7952 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 175 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17444 | 11206 | 7952 | 6032 | 4476 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12794 | 8333 | 5762 | 4429 | 327 | 2413 | 146 | 778 | 397 | 079 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
619 | 778 | 889 | 889 | 794 | 492 | 286 | 175 | 175 | 063 | 095 | 079 | ||||||||||||
524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
444 | 603 | 667 | 698 | 603 | 397 | 19 | 143 | 175 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
333 | 46 | 492 | 524 | 476 | 27 | 143 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 095 | ||||||||||||
286 | 413 | 444 | 444 | 444 | 238 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 079 | ||||||||||||
254 | 349 | 381 | 397 | 429 | 19 | 095 | 111 | 111 | 063 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Asia | 10 | ||
Europe | 30 | ||
USA | 60 | ||
Others | 13 | ||
Wire and Cable | 31 | ||
Shrink Tube | 17 | ||
Shrink Film | 24 | ||
Tires | 9 | ||
Service Centers | 6 |
Asia | |
Europe | |
USA |
Others | |
Wire and Cable | |
Shrink Tube | |
Shrink Film | |
Tires | |
Service Centers |
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 13 -
Based in Belgium listed on Euronext Brussels
Focused on particle accelerators
gt400 accelerators worldwide
2016 sales of euro329 million
1200+ people worldwide 40 nationalities
15 offices on 3 continents
IBA in a nutshell
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 14 -
IBArsquos core competence ndash Particle accelerators
Patient or Product
electrons
protons
Particle Accelerators
Proton or electron acceleration
Atom
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 15 -
IBA Main Activities
Proton Therapy
RadioPharma
Dosimetry
Industrial
Cancer treatmentAccurate protonsMinimized side effects55 market share22 IBA supplied centers
Cancer diagnostic160+ Cyclotrons installedSynthera multi-tracer systemFrom Cyclotron to turnkey
Patient and machine QACalibration validation and QA
Used in most hospitals
Industrial applicationsMedical Device Sterilization
Polymer crosslinkingFood pasteurization
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 16 -
IBA Industrial250+ Electron beam accelerators installed worldwide
Americas55
Asia14
EMEA28
ROW3
IBA Installed base
Crosslinking72
RampD9
Sterilization
18
Other1
Applications
36 +Rhodotron
200 +Dynamitron
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 17 -
IBArsquos product portfolio
Dynamitron05 -gt 5 MeV | 160 mA
Electron beam
Rhodotron3 -gt 10 MeV | 245 kW
Electron beam and X-rays
eXelis5 ndash 7 MeV | 560kW
X-rays
Main application E-beam Crosslinking Main application E-beam box sterilization Main application X-ray pallet sterilization
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 18 -
Rhodotron and Dynamitron product ranges
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 19 -
IBA Industrial Inc ndash Markets
Sterilization Crosslinking
Food Sterile Insect
Cargo screeningMail Sanitization
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 20
SUNY - Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 21
SUNY-Environmental Science and Forestry
bull 8 Departments (Bio Paper Sci Forestry Landscape Arch Env Studies Sci Eng
bull 2000 undergrads 550 grad students
Chemistry MS and PhD bull Biochemistrybull Environmental Chemistrybull Organic Natural Products bull Polymer Chemistry
15 Faculty40 grad students
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 22
Professor of ChemistrySUNY-Environmental Science amp Forestry
(tsdibbleesfedu)bull SUNY-ESF
1 of 7 PhD-granting SUNY campusesLocated in Syracuse
bull My Training PhD (Physical Chemistry) U Michigan 1992
bull My Research Group 1 MS 1 PhD 1 undergrad(1 MS and 1 PhD student arriving in Fall)
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Theodore S Dibble
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 23
Research is 90 Kineticsbull Tools Experiment Theory Kinetic Models
Lasers to generate and monitor radicalsGas chromatography-mass spectrometryInfrared spectroscopyQuantum chemistry theoretical kineticsReaction mechanismsLarge kinetic models
bull TopicsAtmospheric ozone and mercuryCombustionElectron beams
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Research Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 24
Previous Work Humid Air (N2 O2 H2O)
Goal understand sources of OH radical (removes SO2 and NOx from flue gas)
bull Started with a published model- added reactions- edited rate constants amp reaction products- iterated until ldquoself-consistentrdquo (~900 reactions)
bull Ran model- tested againstreintepreted exp results- analyzed sources of OH amp error
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Kinetic Modeling of Electron Beams
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 25
bull Software Kintecus Chemical ModelingPlug flow reactorhuge number of reactionsAccurate numerical integration
bull Input ParametersDose rate (Joules absorbedkg gas) from IBAInitial species concentrationsSet of reactions and rate constants
bull Outputs Concentrations vs timeSensitivity coefficients
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Technical Details
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 26
Technical Approach Discussion
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 27
High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products
Sponsor
Funding $799997 DOE ($206000 co-funding) two year effort
Objective Develop a direct electron beam (E-Beam) synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide using carbon dioxide (CO2) captured from a coal-fired power plant and methane (natural gas)
Team Member Rolesbull Overall project integration and managementbull Design construct the E-Beam reactor and the testing unitbull Conceptual design for coal-fired power plants with DEBS
bull Provide guidance in E-Beam reactor design and E-Beam accelerator for testing
bull Develop a kinetic model for the E-Beam reactor
DE-FE0029787
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 28
Project Objectives
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this project is to develop the Direct E-Beam Synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide at relatively low severity (pressure being near one atmosphere and temperatures of lt150degC) from near-pure CO2 captured from a pulverized coal (PC)-fired power plant and methane imported as natural gas Creating valuable products will offset the cost of carbon capture and storage (CCS) The high energy output from an electron beam (E-Beam) accelerator will be used to break chemical bonds The project comprises two budget periods (BP) of 9 and 15 months each for a total duration of 24 months
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 29
Project ObjectivesBP Objectives
1
bull Complete design and manufacture of testing skid with E-Beam reactor for testing at IBAbull Successful commissioning of DEBS equipment at GTI and IBA
bull Identify at least two catalysts to control the recombination and increase the yields for more valuableproducts
bull Develop preliminary predictive kinetic model to guide BP2 testing
2
bull Determine key operating parameters at various E-Beam energies to maximize the per pass conversion of CO2 to valuable products control selectivities between various products and minimize E-Beam energy requirements
bull Identify operating conditions and catalyst combinations to further control selectivities between products and minimize overall energy requirements
bull Review experimental data to optimize and improve preliminary kinetic model developed in BP1bull Complete data analysis and reporting of the experimental runs
bull Complete economical assessment techno-economic analysis and perform life cycle analysis for the process
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 30
Experiments will be conducted in non-catalytic as well as catalytic modes A kinetic model will be developed by SUNY based on the collected data and will be
used to predict the chemical performance of the DEBS process A conceptual design for coupling the DEBS process to a coal-fired power plant will
be developed
This project will expand on the concept of DEBS to Develop a commercially viable process Minimize E-Beam energy requirements Maximize CO2 conversion Selectively control the yield of more valuable products using
catalysts
Innovation non-equilibrium process that breaks bonds directly unlike conventional chemistry that requires heating the entire molecule
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 31
Current technology for the commercial production of acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide requires High temperatures and pressures Expensive catalysts in multiple process steps High capital and operating costs
The DEBS process uses high-energy electron beams to break chemical bonds allowing production of the desired chemicals at near-ambient pressure and temperatures and has been demonstrated by other research groups at bench-scale
Successfully combining DEBS technology with CO2 captured from coal-fired power plant flue gas provides a low-cost energy-efficient process to produce valuable chemicals and reduce emissions
Advantages Over Traditional Processes
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 32
Electron Beam Deposition into Gas
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 33
Electron Beam Primer
V = Voltage (eV)I = Current (amp)V x I = Power (watt)
1eV = Kinetic energy of an electron accelerated to 1 voltCharge of an electron = 1602 x 10-19 coulombs
1 coulomb = 625 x 1018 electrons
Current = ChargeTime1 amp = 1 coulomb 1 sec
1 eV x 1 amp= 1 watt = 1 Jsec1 eV = 1602 x 10-19 J
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 34
Electron Beam Primer
500keV amp 15mAsqin E-Beam on a 1 sq in areaE-Beam power = 750 watt or 750 Jsec
Each electron will have500000 x 1602 x 10-19 = 8 x 10-14 J of energy
E-Beam will have15 x 10-3 1602 x 10-19 = 93633 x 1015 electrons per second
Each electron has the potential to achieve ~100000 interactions
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 35
Industrial Accelerator Design (linear)
Typical Numbers in range of interest450 to 1000 keV25 to 250 mA11 - 100 kW1
Efficiency 45 ndash 602
1 Robert W Hamm RampM Technical Enterprises Inc 9th ICFA Seminar ndash October 30 20082 Applied Energetics httpwwwappliedenergeticscomdownloadsproduct-offeringsnested-high-voltage-generatorpdf3 Kim et Al amp NHV Japan amp Bulgaria Power Plant
Source of Electrons
Acceleration Modules
Electron beam
Large Scale Industrial Applications800 keV500 mA400 kW3
Efficiency up to 883
Vacuum
Foil
Target
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 36
Electron Beam Deposition
Maximum efficiency occurs when electron beam deposition depth is equal to reactor depthDeposition depth depends on these parametersbull Electron beam voltagebull Gas compositionbull Gas pressure (Limited by foil)bull Foil composition and thicknessre
acto
r dep
th=
d
ElectronBeam Voltage ndash Controls how FAR the electrons will go
Current - Controls how MANY electrons will go
Beam Energy
Beam
Dep
th
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 37
Electron Beam Deposition (continued)
Electron beam inVoltage VinCurrent IExposure time T
Electron beam outVoltage Vout = Vin - ∆VCurrent IExposure time T
Dose = ((Vin-Vout) times I times T) M
Dose = energy deposited per unit massUnit of dose 1 Joulekg = 1 Gray
mass M
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 38
Deposition into a Gas Flowing in a Reactor
Flow velocity v
Dose = (V (potential) times I (currentarea) times a (window area) v (velocity)) M (mass)
Mass M
ElectronBeam
e-beam window area = a
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
175 | 159 | 143 | 079 | 016 | 143 | 016 | 048 | 095 | 127 | 159 | 159 | ||||||||||||
143 | 079 | 063 | 063 | 032 | 095 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 095 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 095 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 048 | 063 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
127 | 111 | 063 | 095 | 159 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 238 | 111 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 175 | 19 | 175 | 19 | 111 | 111 | 143 | 143 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
19 | 206 | 206 | 222 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | 063 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
222 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 159 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
238 | 302 | 333 | 349 | 381 | 159 | 111 | 143 | 111 | 048 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
254 | 365 | 413 | 413 | 444 | 206 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 079 | 175 | 063 | ||||||||||||
317 | 429 | 46 | 476 | 46 | 254 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 238 | 079 | ||||||||||||
365 | 476 | 524 | 571 | 508 | 302 | 159 | 127 | 143 | 048 | 206 | 079 | ||||||||||||
413 | 556 | 619 | 667 | 571 | 381 | 175 | 127 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
476 | 635 | 714 | 73 | 635 | 429 | 222 | 159 | 19 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
556 | 714 | 825 | 825 | 73 | 46 | 254 | 175 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
635 | 825 | 952 | 937 | 81 | 54 | 286 | 175 | 159 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
698 | 984 | 1079 | 1032 | 873 | 603 | 333 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
73 | 1159 | 1238 | 1159 | 952 | 683 | 381 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 127 | 079 | ||||||||||||
778 | 1349 | 1429 | 1302 | 1111 | 73 | 429 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
857 | 1587 | 1603 | 1476 | 1238 | 81 | 476 | 27 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
952 | 1889 | 181 | 1651 | 1349 | 889 | 556 | 302 | 159 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1127 | 2238 | 2048 | 1841 | 146 | 984 | 603 | 317 | 19 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1397 | 2651 | 2317 | 2032 | 1603 | 1111 | 635 | 333 | 222 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1937 | 3095 | 2587 | 2238 | 1746 | 1222 | 698 | 381 | 222 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2968 | 3556 | 2889 | 246 | 1873 | 1302 | 762 | 429 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
4333 | 4063 | 3206 | 2667 | 2016 | 1397 | 825 | 46 | 254 | 048 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
5571 | 4603 | 3508 | 2873 | 2175 | 1556 | 889 | 476 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
6587 | 5127 | 3841 | 3079 | 2333 | 1667 | 10 | 524 | 238 | 032 | 175 | 111 | ||||||||||||
7556 | 5667 | 4175 | 3286 | 2492 | 173 | 1063 | 571 | 254 | 048 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
8587 | 6222 | 4476 | 3492 | 2603 | 1873 | 1095 | 603 | 27 | 048 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
9635 | 6746 | 4762 | 3714 | 273 | 2016 | 119 | 667 | 302 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
10619 | 7206 | 5048 | 3937 | 2889 | 2111 | 1286 | 698 | 333 | 095 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
11524 | 7635 | 5349 | 4143 | 3063 | 2222 | 1349 | 714 | 365 | 063 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12365 | 8079 | 5619 | 4317 | 319 | 2349 | 1413 | 762 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
13048 | 8508 | 5857 | 4508 | 3302 | 2444 | 1492 | 794 | 397 | 095 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13603 | 8825 | 6111 | 4667 | 3444 | 2508 | 1571 | 825 | 397 | 127 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14095 | 9095 | 6365 | 4841 | 3556 | 2635 | 1619 | 857 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14444 | 9365 | 6556 | 50 | 3683 | 2746 | 1683 | 921 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14746 | 9603 | 6714 | 5159 | 381 | 2794 | 1746 | 937 | 413 | 159 | 143 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15048 | 9841 | 6889 | 5286 | 3921 | 2873 | 181 | 968 | 444 | 175 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15349 | 10016 | 7079 | 5397 | 40 | 2968 | 1873 | 10 | 46 | 159 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15587 | 10206 | 7206 | 5508 | 4095 | 3032 | 1952 | 1048 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15778 | 10349 | 7317 | 5635 | 4159 | 3048 | 2016 | 1079 | 46 | 143 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
16048 | 10476 | 7444 | 573 | 4222 | 3127 | 2032 | 1095 | 492 | 127 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16571 | 10762 | 7587 | 5841 | 4333 | 3254 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16873 | 10889 | 7714 | 5905 | 4397 | 327 | 2127 | 1127 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17048 | 110 | 7825 | 5984 | 4429 | 3302 | 2143 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17524 | 11238 | 7968 | 6016 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17698 | 11381 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19016 | 1146 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 159 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18794 | 11476 | 7952 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 175 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17444 | 11206 | 7952 | 6032 | 4476 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12794 | 8333 | 5762 | 4429 | 327 | 2413 | 146 | 778 | 397 | 079 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
619 | 778 | 889 | 889 | 794 | 492 | 286 | 175 | 175 | 063 | 095 | 079 | ||||||||||||
524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
444 | 603 | 667 | 698 | 603 | 397 | 19 | 143 | 175 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
333 | 46 | 492 | 524 | 476 | 27 | 143 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 095 | ||||||||||||
286 | 413 | 444 | 444 | 444 | 238 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 079 | ||||||||||||
254 | 349 | 381 | 397 | 429 | 19 | 095 | 111 | 111 | 063 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Asia | 10 | ||
Europe | 30 | ||
USA | 60 | ||
Others | 13 | ||
Wire and Cable | 31 | ||
Shrink Tube | 17 | ||
Shrink Film | 24 | ||
Tires | 9 | ||
Service Centers | 6 |
Asia | |
Europe | |
USA |
Others | |
Wire and Cable | |
Shrink Tube | |
Shrink Film | |
Tires | |
Service Centers |
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 14 -
IBArsquos core competence ndash Particle accelerators
Patient or Product
electrons
protons
Particle Accelerators
Proton or electron acceleration
Atom
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 15 -
IBA Main Activities
Proton Therapy
RadioPharma
Dosimetry
Industrial
Cancer treatmentAccurate protonsMinimized side effects55 market share22 IBA supplied centers
Cancer diagnostic160+ Cyclotrons installedSynthera multi-tracer systemFrom Cyclotron to turnkey
Patient and machine QACalibration validation and QA
Used in most hospitals
Industrial applicationsMedical Device Sterilization
Polymer crosslinkingFood pasteurization
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 16 -
IBA Industrial250+ Electron beam accelerators installed worldwide
Americas55
Asia14
EMEA28
ROW3
IBA Installed base
Crosslinking72
RampD9
Sterilization
18
Other1
Applications
36 +Rhodotron
200 +Dynamitron
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 17 -
IBArsquos product portfolio
Dynamitron05 -gt 5 MeV | 160 mA
Electron beam
Rhodotron3 -gt 10 MeV | 245 kW
Electron beam and X-rays
eXelis5 ndash 7 MeV | 560kW
X-rays
Main application E-beam Crosslinking Main application E-beam box sterilization Main application X-ray pallet sterilization
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 18 -
Rhodotron and Dynamitron product ranges
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 19 -
IBA Industrial Inc ndash Markets
Sterilization Crosslinking
Food Sterile Insect
Cargo screeningMail Sanitization
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 20
SUNY - Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 21
SUNY-Environmental Science and Forestry
bull 8 Departments (Bio Paper Sci Forestry Landscape Arch Env Studies Sci Eng
bull 2000 undergrads 550 grad students
Chemistry MS and PhD bull Biochemistrybull Environmental Chemistrybull Organic Natural Products bull Polymer Chemistry
15 Faculty40 grad students
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 22
Professor of ChemistrySUNY-Environmental Science amp Forestry
(tsdibbleesfedu)bull SUNY-ESF
1 of 7 PhD-granting SUNY campusesLocated in Syracuse
bull My Training PhD (Physical Chemistry) U Michigan 1992
bull My Research Group 1 MS 1 PhD 1 undergrad(1 MS and 1 PhD student arriving in Fall)
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Theodore S Dibble
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 23
Research is 90 Kineticsbull Tools Experiment Theory Kinetic Models
Lasers to generate and monitor radicalsGas chromatography-mass spectrometryInfrared spectroscopyQuantum chemistry theoretical kineticsReaction mechanismsLarge kinetic models
bull TopicsAtmospheric ozone and mercuryCombustionElectron beams
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Research Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 24
Previous Work Humid Air (N2 O2 H2O)
Goal understand sources of OH radical (removes SO2 and NOx from flue gas)
bull Started with a published model- added reactions- edited rate constants amp reaction products- iterated until ldquoself-consistentrdquo (~900 reactions)
bull Ran model- tested againstreintepreted exp results- analyzed sources of OH amp error
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Kinetic Modeling of Electron Beams
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 25
bull Software Kintecus Chemical ModelingPlug flow reactorhuge number of reactionsAccurate numerical integration
bull Input ParametersDose rate (Joules absorbedkg gas) from IBAInitial species concentrationsSet of reactions and rate constants
bull Outputs Concentrations vs timeSensitivity coefficients
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Technical Details
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 26
Technical Approach Discussion
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 27
High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products
Sponsor
Funding $799997 DOE ($206000 co-funding) two year effort
Objective Develop a direct electron beam (E-Beam) synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide using carbon dioxide (CO2) captured from a coal-fired power plant and methane (natural gas)
Team Member Rolesbull Overall project integration and managementbull Design construct the E-Beam reactor and the testing unitbull Conceptual design for coal-fired power plants with DEBS
bull Provide guidance in E-Beam reactor design and E-Beam accelerator for testing
bull Develop a kinetic model for the E-Beam reactor
DE-FE0029787
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 28
Project Objectives
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this project is to develop the Direct E-Beam Synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide at relatively low severity (pressure being near one atmosphere and temperatures of lt150degC) from near-pure CO2 captured from a pulverized coal (PC)-fired power plant and methane imported as natural gas Creating valuable products will offset the cost of carbon capture and storage (CCS) The high energy output from an electron beam (E-Beam) accelerator will be used to break chemical bonds The project comprises two budget periods (BP) of 9 and 15 months each for a total duration of 24 months
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 29
Project ObjectivesBP Objectives
1
bull Complete design and manufacture of testing skid with E-Beam reactor for testing at IBAbull Successful commissioning of DEBS equipment at GTI and IBA
bull Identify at least two catalysts to control the recombination and increase the yields for more valuableproducts
bull Develop preliminary predictive kinetic model to guide BP2 testing
2
bull Determine key operating parameters at various E-Beam energies to maximize the per pass conversion of CO2 to valuable products control selectivities between various products and minimize E-Beam energy requirements
bull Identify operating conditions and catalyst combinations to further control selectivities between products and minimize overall energy requirements
bull Review experimental data to optimize and improve preliminary kinetic model developed in BP1bull Complete data analysis and reporting of the experimental runs
bull Complete economical assessment techno-economic analysis and perform life cycle analysis for the process
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 30
Experiments will be conducted in non-catalytic as well as catalytic modes A kinetic model will be developed by SUNY based on the collected data and will be
used to predict the chemical performance of the DEBS process A conceptual design for coupling the DEBS process to a coal-fired power plant will
be developed
This project will expand on the concept of DEBS to Develop a commercially viable process Minimize E-Beam energy requirements Maximize CO2 conversion Selectively control the yield of more valuable products using
catalysts
Innovation non-equilibrium process that breaks bonds directly unlike conventional chemistry that requires heating the entire molecule
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 31
Current technology for the commercial production of acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide requires High temperatures and pressures Expensive catalysts in multiple process steps High capital and operating costs
The DEBS process uses high-energy electron beams to break chemical bonds allowing production of the desired chemicals at near-ambient pressure and temperatures and has been demonstrated by other research groups at bench-scale
Successfully combining DEBS technology with CO2 captured from coal-fired power plant flue gas provides a low-cost energy-efficient process to produce valuable chemicals and reduce emissions
Advantages Over Traditional Processes
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 32
Electron Beam Deposition into Gas
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 33
Electron Beam Primer
V = Voltage (eV)I = Current (amp)V x I = Power (watt)
1eV = Kinetic energy of an electron accelerated to 1 voltCharge of an electron = 1602 x 10-19 coulombs
1 coulomb = 625 x 1018 electrons
Current = ChargeTime1 amp = 1 coulomb 1 sec
1 eV x 1 amp= 1 watt = 1 Jsec1 eV = 1602 x 10-19 J
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 34
Electron Beam Primer
500keV amp 15mAsqin E-Beam on a 1 sq in areaE-Beam power = 750 watt or 750 Jsec
Each electron will have500000 x 1602 x 10-19 = 8 x 10-14 J of energy
E-Beam will have15 x 10-3 1602 x 10-19 = 93633 x 1015 electrons per second
Each electron has the potential to achieve ~100000 interactions
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 35
Industrial Accelerator Design (linear)
Typical Numbers in range of interest450 to 1000 keV25 to 250 mA11 - 100 kW1
Efficiency 45 ndash 602
1 Robert W Hamm RampM Technical Enterprises Inc 9th ICFA Seminar ndash October 30 20082 Applied Energetics httpwwwappliedenergeticscomdownloadsproduct-offeringsnested-high-voltage-generatorpdf3 Kim et Al amp NHV Japan amp Bulgaria Power Plant
Source of Electrons
Acceleration Modules
Electron beam
Large Scale Industrial Applications800 keV500 mA400 kW3
Efficiency up to 883
Vacuum
Foil
Target
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 36
Electron Beam Deposition
Maximum efficiency occurs when electron beam deposition depth is equal to reactor depthDeposition depth depends on these parametersbull Electron beam voltagebull Gas compositionbull Gas pressure (Limited by foil)bull Foil composition and thicknessre
acto
r dep
th=
d
ElectronBeam Voltage ndash Controls how FAR the electrons will go
Current - Controls how MANY electrons will go
Beam Energy
Beam
Dep
th
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 37
Electron Beam Deposition (continued)
Electron beam inVoltage VinCurrent IExposure time T
Electron beam outVoltage Vout = Vin - ∆VCurrent IExposure time T
Dose = ((Vin-Vout) times I times T) M
Dose = energy deposited per unit massUnit of dose 1 Joulekg = 1 Gray
mass M
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 38
Deposition into a Gas Flowing in a Reactor
Flow velocity v
Dose = (V (potential) times I (currentarea) times a (window area) v (velocity)) M (mass)
Mass M
ElectronBeam
e-beam window area = a
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
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127 | 111 | 063 | 095 | 159 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 238 | 111 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 175 | 19 | 175 | 19 | 111 | 111 | 143 | 143 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
19 | 206 | 206 | 222 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | 063 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
222 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 159 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
238 | 302 | 333 | 349 | 381 | 159 | 111 | 143 | 111 | 048 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
254 | 365 | 413 | 413 | 444 | 206 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 079 | 175 | 063 | ||||||||||||
317 | 429 | 46 | 476 | 46 | 254 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 238 | 079 | ||||||||||||
365 | 476 | 524 | 571 | 508 | 302 | 159 | 127 | 143 | 048 | 206 | 079 | ||||||||||||
413 | 556 | 619 | 667 | 571 | 381 | 175 | 127 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
476 | 635 | 714 | 73 | 635 | 429 | 222 | 159 | 19 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
556 | 714 | 825 | 825 | 73 | 46 | 254 | 175 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
635 | 825 | 952 | 937 | 81 | 54 | 286 | 175 | 159 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
698 | 984 | 1079 | 1032 | 873 | 603 | 333 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
73 | 1159 | 1238 | 1159 | 952 | 683 | 381 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 127 | 079 | ||||||||||||
778 | 1349 | 1429 | 1302 | 1111 | 73 | 429 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
857 | 1587 | 1603 | 1476 | 1238 | 81 | 476 | 27 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
952 | 1889 | 181 | 1651 | 1349 | 889 | 556 | 302 | 159 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1127 | 2238 | 2048 | 1841 | 146 | 984 | 603 | 317 | 19 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1397 | 2651 | 2317 | 2032 | 1603 | 1111 | 635 | 333 | 222 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1937 | 3095 | 2587 | 2238 | 1746 | 1222 | 698 | 381 | 222 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2968 | 3556 | 2889 | 246 | 1873 | 1302 | 762 | 429 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
4333 | 4063 | 3206 | 2667 | 2016 | 1397 | 825 | 46 | 254 | 048 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
5571 | 4603 | 3508 | 2873 | 2175 | 1556 | 889 | 476 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
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7556 | 5667 | 4175 | 3286 | 2492 | 173 | 1063 | 571 | 254 | 048 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
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9635 | 6746 | 4762 | 3714 | 273 | 2016 | 119 | 667 | 302 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
10619 | 7206 | 5048 | 3937 | 2889 | 2111 | 1286 | 698 | 333 | 095 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
11524 | 7635 | 5349 | 4143 | 3063 | 2222 | 1349 | 714 | 365 | 063 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12365 | 8079 | 5619 | 4317 | 319 | 2349 | 1413 | 762 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
13048 | 8508 | 5857 | 4508 | 3302 | 2444 | 1492 | 794 | 397 | 095 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13603 | 8825 | 6111 | 4667 | 3444 | 2508 | 1571 | 825 | 397 | 127 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14095 | 9095 | 6365 | 4841 | 3556 | 2635 | 1619 | 857 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14444 | 9365 | 6556 | 50 | 3683 | 2746 | 1683 | 921 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14746 | 9603 | 6714 | 5159 | 381 | 2794 | 1746 | 937 | 413 | 159 | 143 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15048 | 9841 | 6889 | 5286 | 3921 | 2873 | 181 | 968 | 444 | 175 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15349 | 10016 | 7079 | 5397 | 40 | 2968 | 1873 | 10 | 46 | 159 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15587 | 10206 | 7206 | 5508 | 4095 | 3032 | 1952 | 1048 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15778 | 10349 | 7317 | 5635 | 4159 | 3048 | 2016 | 1079 | 46 | 143 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
16048 | 10476 | 7444 | 573 | 4222 | 3127 | 2032 | 1095 | 492 | 127 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16571 | 10762 | 7587 | 5841 | 4333 | 3254 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16873 | 10889 | 7714 | 5905 | 4397 | 327 | 2127 | 1127 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17048 | 110 | 7825 | 5984 | 4429 | 3302 | 2143 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17524 | 11238 | 7968 | 6016 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17698 | 11381 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19016 | 1146 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 159 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18794 | 11476 | 7952 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 175 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17444 | 11206 | 7952 | 6032 | 4476 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12794 | 8333 | 5762 | 4429 | 327 | 2413 | 146 | 778 | 397 | 079 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
619 | 778 | 889 | 889 | 794 | 492 | 286 | 175 | 175 | 063 | 095 | 079 | ||||||||||||
524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
444 | 603 | 667 | 698 | 603 | 397 | 19 | 143 | 175 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
333 | 46 | 492 | 524 | 476 | 27 | 143 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 095 | ||||||||||||
286 | 413 | 444 | 444 | 444 | 238 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 079 | ||||||||||||
254 | 349 | 381 | 397 | 429 | 19 | 095 | 111 | 111 | 063 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Asia | 10 | ||
Europe | 30 | ||
USA | 60 | ||
Others | 13 | ||
Wire and Cable | 31 | ||
Shrink Tube | 17 | ||
Shrink Film | 24 | ||
Tires | 9 | ||
Service Centers | 6 |
Asia | |
Europe | |
USA |
Others | |
Wire and Cable | |
Shrink Tube | |
Shrink Film | |
Tires | |
Service Centers |
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 15 -
IBA Main Activities
Proton Therapy
RadioPharma
Dosimetry
Industrial
Cancer treatmentAccurate protonsMinimized side effects55 market share22 IBA supplied centers
Cancer diagnostic160+ Cyclotrons installedSynthera multi-tracer systemFrom Cyclotron to turnkey
Patient and machine QACalibration validation and QA
Used in most hospitals
Industrial applicationsMedical Device Sterilization
Polymer crosslinkingFood pasteurization
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 16 -
IBA Industrial250+ Electron beam accelerators installed worldwide
Americas55
Asia14
EMEA28
ROW3
IBA Installed base
Crosslinking72
RampD9
Sterilization
18
Other1
Applications
36 +Rhodotron
200 +Dynamitron
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 17 -
IBArsquos product portfolio
Dynamitron05 -gt 5 MeV | 160 mA
Electron beam
Rhodotron3 -gt 10 MeV | 245 kW
Electron beam and X-rays
eXelis5 ndash 7 MeV | 560kW
X-rays
Main application E-beam Crosslinking Main application E-beam box sterilization Main application X-ray pallet sterilization
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 18 -
Rhodotron and Dynamitron product ranges
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 19 -
IBA Industrial Inc ndash Markets
Sterilization Crosslinking
Food Sterile Insect
Cargo screeningMail Sanitization
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 20
SUNY - Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 21
SUNY-Environmental Science and Forestry
bull 8 Departments (Bio Paper Sci Forestry Landscape Arch Env Studies Sci Eng
bull 2000 undergrads 550 grad students
Chemistry MS and PhD bull Biochemistrybull Environmental Chemistrybull Organic Natural Products bull Polymer Chemistry
15 Faculty40 grad students
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 22
Professor of ChemistrySUNY-Environmental Science amp Forestry
(tsdibbleesfedu)bull SUNY-ESF
1 of 7 PhD-granting SUNY campusesLocated in Syracuse
bull My Training PhD (Physical Chemistry) U Michigan 1992
bull My Research Group 1 MS 1 PhD 1 undergrad(1 MS and 1 PhD student arriving in Fall)
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Theodore S Dibble
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 23
Research is 90 Kineticsbull Tools Experiment Theory Kinetic Models
Lasers to generate and monitor radicalsGas chromatography-mass spectrometryInfrared spectroscopyQuantum chemistry theoretical kineticsReaction mechanismsLarge kinetic models
bull TopicsAtmospheric ozone and mercuryCombustionElectron beams
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Research Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 24
Previous Work Humid Air (N2 O2 H2O)
Goal understand sources of OH radical (removes SO2 and NOx from flue gas)
bull Started with a published model- added reactions- edited rate constants amp reaction products- iterated until ldquoself-consistentrdquo (~900 reactions)
bull Ran model- tested againstreintepreted exp results- analyzed sources of OH amp error
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Kinetic Modeling of Electron Beams
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 25
bull Software Kintecus Chemical ModelingPlug flow reactorhuge number of reactionsAccurate numerical integration
bull Input ParametersDose rate (Joules absorbedkg gas) from IBAInitial species concentrationsSet of reactions and rate constants
bull Outputs Concentrations vs timeSensitivity coefficients
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Technical Details
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 26
Technical Approach Discussion
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 27
High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products
Sponsor
Funding $799997 DOE ($206000 co-funding) two year effort
Objective Develop a direct electron beam (E-Beam) synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide using carbon dioxide (CO2) captured from a coal-fired power plant and methane (natural gas)
Team Member Rolesbull Overall project integration and managementbull Design construct the E-Beam reactor and the testing unitbull Conceptual design for coal-fired power plants with DEBS
bull Provide guidance in E-Beam reactor design and E-Beam accelerator for testing
bull Develop a kinetic model for the E-Beam reactor
DE-FE0029787
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 28
Project Objectives
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this project is to develop the Direct E-Beam Synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide at relatively low severity (pressure being near one atmosphere and temperatures of lt150degC) from near-pure CO2 captured from a pulverized coal (PC)-fired power plant and methane imported as natural gas Creating valuable products will offset the cost of carbon capture and storage (CCS) The high energy output from an electron beam (E-Beam) accelerator will be used to break chemical bonds The project comprises two budget periods (BP) of 9 and 15 months each for a total duration of 24 months
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 29
Project ObjectivesBP Objectives
1
bull Complete design and manufacture of testing skid with E-Beam reactor for testing at IBAbull Successful commissioning of DEBS equipment at GTI and IBA
bull Identify at least two catalysts to control the recombination and increase the yields for more valuableproducts
bull Develop preliminary predictive kinetic model to guide BP2 testing
2
bull Determine key operating parameters at various E-Beam energies to maximize the per pass conversion of CO2 to valuable products control selectivities between various products and minimize E-Beam energy requirements
bull Identify operating conditions and catalyst combinations to further control selectivities between products and minimize overall energy requirements
bull Review experimental data to optimize and improve preliminary kinetic model developed in BP1bull Complete data analysis and reporting of the experimental runs
bull Complete economical assessment techno-economic analysis and perform life cycle analysis for the process
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 30
Experiments will be conducted in non-catalytic as well as catalytic modes A kinetic model will be developed by SUNY based on the collected data and will be
used to predict the chemical performance of the DEBS process A conceptual design for coupling the DEBS process to a coal-fired power plant will
be developed
This project will expand on the concept of DEBS to Develop a commercially viable process Minimize E-Beam energy requirements Maximize CO2 conversion Selectively control the yield of more valuable products using
catalysts
Innovation non-equilibrium process that breaks bonds directly unlike conventional chemistry that requires heating the entire molecule
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 31
Current technology for the commercial production of acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide requires High temperatures and pressures Expensive catalysts in multiple process steps High capital and operating costs
The DEBS process uses high-energy electron beams to break chemical bonds allowing production of the desired chemicals at near-ambient pressure and temperatures and has been demonstrated by other research groups at bench-scale
Successfully combining DEBS technology with CO2 captured from coal-fired power plant flue gas provides a low-cost energy-efficient process to produce valuable chemicals and reduce emissions
Advantages Over Traditional Processes
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 32
Electron Beam Deposition into Gas
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 33
Electron Beam Primer
V = Voltage (eV)I = Current (amp)V x I = Power (watt)
1eV = Kinetic energy of an electron accelerated to 1 voltCharge of an electron = 1602 x 10-19 coulombs
1 coulomb = 625 x 1018 electrons
Current = ChargeTime1 amp = 1 coulomb 1 sec
1 eV x 1 amp= 1 watt = 1 Jsec1 eV = 1602 x 10-19 J
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 34
Electron Beam Primer
500keV amp 15mAsqin E-Beam on a 1 sq in areaE-Beam power = 750 watt or 750 Jsec
Each electron will have500000 x 1602 x 10-19 = 8 x 10-14 J of energy
E-Beam will have15 x 10-3 1602 x 10-19 = 93633 x 1015 electrons per second
Each electron has the potential to achieve ~100000 interactions
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 35
Industrial Accelerator Design (linear)
Typical Numbers in range of interest450 to 1000 keV25 to 250 mA11 - 100 kW1
Efficiency 45 ndash 602
1 Robert W Hamm RampM Technical Enterprises Inc 9th ICFA Seminar ndash October 30 20082 Applied Energetics httpwwwappliedenergeticscomdownloadsproduct-offeringsnested-high-voltage-generatorpdf3 Kim et Al amp NHV Japan amp Bulgaria Power Plant
Source of Electrons
Acceleration Modules
Electron beam
Large Scale Industrial Applications800 keV500 mA400 kW3
Efficiency up to 883
Vacuum
Foil
Target
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 36
Electron Beam Deposition
Maximum efficiency occurs when electron beam deposition depth is equal to reactor depthDeposition depth depends on these parametersbull Electron beam voltagebull Gas compositionbull Gas pressure (Limited by foil)bull Foil composition and thicknessre
acto
r dep
th=
d
ElectronBeam Voltage ndash Controls how FAR the electrons will go
Current - Controls how MANY electrons will go
Beam Energy
Beam
Dep
th
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 37
Electron Beam Deposition (continued)
Electron beam inVoltage VinCurrent IExposure time T
Electron beam outVoltage Vout = Vin - ∆VCurrent IExposure time T
Dose = ((Vin-Vout) times I times T) M
Dose = energy deposited per unit massUnit of dose 1 Joulekg = 1 Gray
mass M
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 38
Deposition into a Gas Flowing in a Reactor
Flow velocity v
Dose = (V (potential) times I (currentarea) times a (window area) v (velocity)) M (mass)
Mass M
ElectronBeam
e-beam window area = a
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
175 | 159 | 143 | 079 | 016 | 143 | 016 | 048 | 095 | 127 | 159 | 159 | ||||||||||||
143 | 079 | 063 | 063 | 032 | 095 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 095 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 095 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 048 | 063 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
127 | 111 | 063 | 095 | 159 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 238 | 111 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 175 | 19 | 175 | 19 | 111 | 111 | 143 | 143 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
19 | 206 | 206 | 222 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | 063 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
222 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 159 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
238 | 302 | 333 | 349 | 381 | 159 | 111 | 143 | 111 | 048 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
254 | 365 | 413 | 413 | 444 | 206 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 079 | 175 | 063 | ||||||||||||
317 | 429 | 46 | 476 | 46 | 254 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 238 | 079 | ||||||||||||
365 | 476 | 524 | 571 | 508 | 302 | 159 | 127 | 143 | 048 | 206 | 079 | ||||||||||||
413 | 556 | 619 | 667 | 571 | 381 | 175 | 127 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
476 | 635 | 714 | 73 | 635 | 429 | 222 | 159 | 19 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
556 | 714 | 825 | 825 | 73 | 46 | 254 | 175 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
635 | 825 | 952 | 937 | 81 | 54 | 286 | 175 | 159 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
698 | 984 | 1079 | 1032 | 873 | 603 | 333 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
73 | 1159 | 1238 | 1159 | 952 | 683 | 381 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 127 | 079 | ||||||||||||
778 | 1349 | 1429 | 1302 | 1111 | 73 | 429 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
857 | 1587 | 1603 | 1476 | 1238 | 81 | 476 | 27 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
952 | 1889 | 181 | 1651 | 1349 | 889 | 556 | 302 | 159 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1127 | 2238 | 2048 | 1841 | 146 | 984 | 603 | 317 | 19 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1397 | 2651 | 2317 | 2032 | 1603 | 1111 | 635 | 333 | 222 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1937 | 3095 | 2587 | 2238 | 1746 | 1222 | 698 | 381 | 222 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2968 | 3556 | 2889 | 246 | 1873 | 1302 | 762 | 429 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
4333 | 4063 | 3206 | 2667 | 2016 | 1397 | 825 | 46 | 254 | 048 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
5571 | 4603 | 3508 | 2873 | 2175 | 1556 | 889 | 476 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
6587 | 5127 | 3841 | 3079 | 2333 | 1667 | 10 | 524 | 238 | 032 | 175 | 111 | ||||||||||||
7556 | 5667 | 4175 | 3286 | 2492 | 173 | 1063 | 571 | 254 | 048 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
8587 | 6222 | 4476 | 3492 | 2603 | 1873 | 1095 | 603 | 27 | 048 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
9635 | 6746 | 4762 | 3714 | 273 | 2016 | 119 | 667 | 302 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
10619 | 7206 | 5048 | 3937 | 2889 | 2111 | 1286 | 698 | 333 | 095 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
11524 | 7635 | 5349 | 4143 | 3063 | 2222 | 1349 | 714 | 365 | 063 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12365 | 8079 | 5619 | 4317 | 319 | 2349 | 1413 | 762 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
13048 | 8508 | 5857 | 4508 | 3302 | 2444 | 1492 | 794 | 397 | 095 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13603 | 8825 | 6111 | 4667 | 3444 | 2508 | 1571 | 825 | 397 | 127 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14095 | 9095 | 6365 | 4841 | 3556 | 2635 | 1619 | 857 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14444 | 9365 | 6556 | 50 | 3683 | 2746 | 1683 | 921 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14746 | 9603 | 6714 | 5159 | 381 | 2794 | 1746 | 937 | 413 | 159 | 143 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15048 | 9841 | 6889 | 5286 | 3921 | 2873 | 181 | 968 | 444 | 175 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15349 | 10016 | 7079 | 5397 | 40 | 2968 | 1873 | 10 | 46 | 159 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15587 | 10206 | 7206 | 5508 | 4095 | 3032 | 1952 | 1048 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15778 | 10349 | 7317 | 5635 | 4159 | 3048 | 2016 | 1079 | 46 | 143 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
16048 | 10476 | 7444 | 573 | 4222 | 3127 | 2032 | 1095 | 492 | 127 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16571 | 10762 | 7587 | 5841 | 4333 | 3254 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16873 | 10889 | 7714 | 5905 | 4397 | 327 | 2127 | 1127 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17048 | 110 | 7825 | 5984 | 4429 | 3302 | 2143 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17524 | 11238 | 7968 | 6016 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17698 | 11381 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19016 | 1146 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 159 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18794 | 11476 | 7952 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 175 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17444 | 11206 | 7952 | 6032 | 4476 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12794 | 8333 | 5762 | 4429 | 327 | 2413 | 146 | 778 | 397 | 079 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
619 | 778 | 889 | 889 | 794 | 492 | 286 | 175 | 175 | 063 | 095 | 079 | ||||||||||||
524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
444 | 603 | 667 | 698 | 603 | 397 | 19 | 143 | 175 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
333 | 46 | 492 | 524 | 476 | 27 | 143 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 095 | ||||||||||||
286 | 413 | 444 | 444 | 444 | 238 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 079 | ||||||||||||
254 | 349 | 381 | 397 | 429 | 19 | 095 | 111 | 111 | 063 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Asia | 10 | ||
Europe | 30 | ||
USA | 60 | ||
Others | 13 | ||
Wire and Cable | 31 | ||
Shrink Tube | 17 | ||
Shrink Film | 24 | ||
Tires | 9 | ||
Service Centers | 6 |
Asia | |
Europe | |
USA |
Others | |
Wire and Cable | |
Shrink Tube | |
Shrink Film | |
Tires | |
Service Centers |
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 16 -
IBA Industrial250+ Electron beam accelerators installed worldwide
Americas55
Asia14
EMEA28
ROW3
IBA Installed base
Crosslinking72
RampD9
Sterilization
18
Other1
Applications
36 +Rhodotron
200 +Dynamitron
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 17 -
IBArsquos product portfolio
Dynamitron05 -gt 5 MeV | 160 mA
Electron beam
Rhodotron3 -gt 10 MeV | 245 kW
Electron beam and X-rays
eXelis5 ndash 7 MeV | 560kW
X-rays
Main application E-beam Crosslinking Main application E-beam box sterilization Main application X-ray pallet sterilization
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 18 -
Rhodotron and Dynamitron product ranges
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 19 -
IBA Industrial Inc ndash Markets
Sterilization Crosslinking
Food Sterile Insect
Cargo screeningMail Sanitization
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 20
SUNY - Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 21
SUNY-Environmental Science and Forestry
bull 8 Departments (Bio Paper Sci Forestry Landscape Arch Env Studies Sci Eng
bull 2000 undergrads 550 grad students
Chemistry MS and PhD bull Biochemistrybull Environmental Chemistrybull Organic Natural Products bull Polymer Chemistry
15 Faculty40 grad students
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 22
Professor of ChemistrySUNY-Environmental Science amp Forestry
(tsdibbleesfedu)bull SUNY-ESF
1 of 7 PhD-granting SUNY campusesLocated in Syracuse
bull My Training PhD (Physical Chemistry) U Michigan 1992
bull My Research Group 1 MS 1 PhD 1 undergrad(1 MS and 1 PhD student arriving in Fall)
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Theodore S Dibble
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 23
Research is 90 Kineticsbull Tools Experiment Theory Kinetic Models
Lasers to generate and monitor radicalsGas chromatography-mass spectrometryInfrared spectroscopyQuantum chemistry theoretical kineticsReaction mechanismsLarge kinetic models
bull TopicsAtmospheric ozone and mercuryCombustionElectron beams
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Research Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 24
Previous Work Humid Air (N2 O2 H2O)
Goal understand sources of OH radical (removes SO2 and NOx from flue gas)
bull Started with a published model- added reactions- edited rate constants amp reaction products- iterated until ldquoself-consistentrdquo (~900 reactions)
bull Ran model- tested againstreintepreted exp results- analyzed sources of OH amp error
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Kinetic Modeling of Electron Beams
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 25
bull Software Kintecus Chemical ModelingPlug flow reactorhuge number of reactionsAccurate numerical integration
bull Input ParametersDose rate (Joules absorbedkg gas) from IBAInitial species concentrationsSet of reactions and rate constants
bull Outputs Concentrations vs timeSensitivity coefficients
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Technical Details
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 26
Technical Approach Discussion
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 27
High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products
Sponsor
Funding $799997 DOE ($206000 co-funding) two year effort
Objective Develop a direct electron beam (E-Beam) synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide using carbon dioxide (CO2) captured from a coal-fired power plant and methane (natural gas)
Team Member Rolesbull Overall project integration and managementbull Design construct the E-Beam reactor and the testing unitbull Conceptual design for coal-fired power plants with DEBS
bull Provide guidance in E-Beam reactor design and E-Beam accelerator for testing
bull Develop a kinetic model for the E-Beam reactor
DE-FE0029787
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 28
Project Objectives
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this project is to develop the Direct E-Beam Synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide at relatively low severity (pressure being near one atmosphere and temperatures of lt150degC) from near-pure CO2 captured from a pulverized coal (PC)-fired power plant and methane imported as natural gas Creating valuable products will offset the cost of carbon capture and storage (CCS) The high energy output from an electron beam (E-Beam) accelerator will be used to break chemical bonds The project comprises two budget periods (BP) of 9 and 15 months each for a total duration of 24 months
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 29
Project ObjectivesBP Objectives
1
bull Complete design and manufacture of testing skid with E-Beam reactor for testing at IBAbull Successful commissioning of DEBS equipment at GTI and IBA
bull Identify at least two catalysts to control the recombination and increase the yields for more valuableproducts
bull Develop preliminary predictive kinetic model to guide BP2 testing
2
bull Determine key operating parameters at various E-Beam energies to maximize the per pass conversion of CO2 to valuable products control selectivities between various products and minimize E-Beam energy requirements
bull Identify operating conditions and catalyst combinations to further control selectivities between products and minimize overall energy requirements
bull Review experimental data to optimize and improve preliminary kinetic model developed in BP1bull Complete data analysis and reporting of the experimental runs
bull Complete economical assessment techno-economic analysis and perform life cycle analysis for the process
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 30
Experiments will be conducted in non-catalytic as well as catalytic modes A kinetic model will be developed by SUNY based on the collected data and will be
used to predict the chemical performance of the DEBS process A conceptual design for coupling the DEBS process to a coal-fired power plant will
be developed
This project will expand on the concept of DEBS to Develop a commercially viable process Minimize E-Beam energy requirements Maximize CO2 conversion Selectively control the yield of more valuable products using
catalysts
Innovation non-equilibrium process that breaks bonds directly unlike conventional chemistry that requires heating the entire molecule
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 31
Current technology for the commercial production of acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide requires High temperatures and pressures Expensive catalysts in multiple process steps High capital and operating costs
The DEBS process uses high-energy electron beams to break chemical bonds allowing production of the desired chemicals at near-ambient pressure and temperatures and has been demonstrated by other research groups at bench-scale
Successfully combining DEBS technology with CO2 captured from coal-fired power plant flue gas provides a low-cost energy-efficient process to produce valuable chemicals and reduce emissions
Advantages Over Traditional Processes
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 32
Electron Beam Deposition into Gas
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 33
Electron Beam Primer
V = Voltage (eV)I = Current (amp)V x I = Power (watt)
1eV = Kinetic energy of an electron accelerated to 1 voltCharge of an electron = 1602 x 10-19 coulombs
1 coulomb = 625 x 1018 electrons
Current = ChargeTime1 amp = 1 coulomb 1 sec
1 eV x 1 amp= 1 watt = 1 Jsec1 eV = 1602 x 10-19 J
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 34
Electron Beam Primer
500keV amp 15mAsqin E-Beam on a 1 sq in areaE-Beam power = 750 watt or 750 Jsec
Each electron will have500000 x 1602 x 10-19 = 8 x 10-14 J of energy
E-Beam will have15 x 10-3 1602 x 10-19 = 93633 x 1015 electrons per second
Each electron has the potential to achieve ~100000 interactions
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 35
Industrial Accelerator Design (linear)
Typical Numbers in range of interest450 to 1000 keV25 to 250 mA11 - 100 kW1
Efficiency 45 ndash 602
1 Robert W Hamm RampM Technical Enterprises Inc 9th ICFA Seminar ndash October 30 20082 Applied Energetics httpwwwappliedenergeticscomdownloadsproduct-offeringsnested-high-voltage-generatorpdf3 Kim et Al amp NHV Japan amp Bulgaria Power Plant
Source of Electrons
Acceleration Modules
Electron beam
Large Scale Industrial Applications800 keV500 mA400 kW3
Efficiency up to 883
Vacuum
Foil
Target
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 36
Electron Beam Deposition
Maximum efficiency occurs when electron beam deposition depth is equal to reactor depthDeposition depth depends on these parametersbull Electron beam voltagebull Gas compositionbull Gas pressure (Limited by foil)bull Foil composition and thicknessre
acto
r dep
th=
d
ElectronBeam Voltage ndash Controls how FAR the electrons will go
Current - Controls how MANY electrons will go
Beam Energy
Beam
Dep
th
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 37
Electron Beam Deposition (continued)
Electron beam inVoltage VinCurrent IExposure time T
Electron beam outVoltage Vout = Vin - ∆VCurrent IExposure time T
Dose = ((Vin-Vout) times I times T) M
Dose = energy deposited per unit massUnit of dose 1 Joulekg = 1 Gray
mass M
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 38
Deposition into a Gas Flowing in a Reactor
Flow velocity v
Dose = (V (potential) times I (currentarea) times a (window area) v (velocity)) M (mass)
Mass M
ElectronBeam
e-beam window area = a
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
175 | 159 | 143 | 079 | 016 | 143 | 016 | 048 | 095 | 127 | 159 | 159 | ||||||||||||
143 | 079 | 063 | 063 | 032 | 095 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 095 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 095 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 048 | 063 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
127 | 111 | 063 | 095 | 159 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 238 | 111 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 175 | 19 | 175 | 19 | 111 | 111 | 143 | 143 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
19 | 206 | 206 | 222 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | 063 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
222 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 159 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
238 | 302 | 333 | 349 | 381 | 159 | 111 | 143 | 111 | 048 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
254 | 365 | 413 | 413 | 444 | 206 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 079 | 175 | 063 | ||||||||||||
317 | 429 | 46 | 476 | 46 | 254 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 238 | 079 | ||||||||||||
365 | 476 | 524 | 571 | 508 | 302 | 159 | 127 | 143 | 048 | 206 | 079 | ||||||||||||
413 | 556 | 619 | 667 | 571 | 381 | 175 | 127 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
476 | 635 | 714 | 73 | 635 | 429 | 222 | 159 | 19 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
556 | 714 | 825 | 825 | 73 | 46 | 254 | 175 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
635 | 825 | 952 | 937 | 81 | 54 | 286 | 175 | 159 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
698 | 984 | 1079 | 1032 | 873 | 603 | 333 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
73 | 1159 | 1238 | 1159 | 952 | 683 | 381 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 127 | 079 | ||||||||||||
778 | 1349 | 1429 | 1302 | 1111 | 73 | 429 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
857 | 1587 | 1603 | 1476 | 1238 | 81 | 476 | 27 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
952 | 1889 | 181 | 1651 | 1349 | 889 | 556 | 302 | 159 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1127 | 2238 | 2048 | 1841 | 146 | 984 | 603 | 317 | 19 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1397 | 2651 | 2317 | 2032 | 1603 | 1111 | 635 | 333 | 222 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1937 | 3095 | 2587 | 2238 | 1746 | 1222 | 698 | 381 | 222 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2968 | 3556 | 2889 | 246 | 1873 | 1302 | 762 | 429 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
4333 | 4063 | 3206 | 2667 | 2016 | 1397 | 825 | 46 | 254 | 048 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
5571 | 4603 | 3508 | 2873 | 2175 | 1556 | 889 | 476 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
6587 | 5127 | 3841 | 3079 | 2333 | 1667 | 10 | 524 | 238 | 032 | 175 | 111 | ||||||||||||
7556 | 5667 | 4175 | 3286 | 2492 | 173 | 1063 | 571 | 254 | 048 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
8587 | 6222 | 4476 | 3492 | 2603 | 1873 | 1095 | 603 | 27 | 048 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
9635 | 6746 | 4762 | 3714 | 273 | 2016 | 119 | 667 | 302 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
10619 | 7206 | 5048 | 3937 | 2889 | 2111 | 1286 | 698 | 333 | 095 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
11524 | 7635 | 5349 | 4143 | 3063 | 2222 | 1349 | 714 | 365 | 063 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12365 | 8079 | 5619 | 4317 | 319 | 2349 | 1413 | 762 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
13048 | 8508 | 5857 | 4508 | 3302 | 2444 | 1492 | 794 | 397 | 095 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13603 | 8825 | 6111 | 4667 | 3444 | 2508 | 1571 | 825 | 397 | 127 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14095 | 9095 | 6365 | 4841 | 3556 | 2635 | 1619 | 857 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14444 | 9365 | 6556 | 50 | 3683 | 2746 | 1683 | 921 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14746 | 9603 | 6714 | 5159 | 381 | 2794 | 1746 | 937 | 413 | 159 | 143 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15048 | 9841 | 6889 | 5286 | 3921 | 2873 | 181 | 968 | 444 | 175 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15349 | 10016 | 7079 | 5397 | 40 | 2968 | 1873 | 10 | 46 | 159 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15587 | 10206 | 7206 | 5508 | 4095 | 3032 | 1952 | 1048 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15778 | 10349 | 7317 | 5635 | 4159 | 3048 | 2016 | 1079 | 46 | 143 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
16048 | 10476 | 7444 | 573 | 4222 | 3127 | 2032 | 1095 | 492 | 127 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16571 | 10762 | 7587 | 5841 | 4333 | 3254 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16873 | 10889 | 7714 | 5905 | 4397 | 327 | 2127 | 1127 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17048 | 110 | 7825 | 5984 | 4429 | 3302 | 2143 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17524 | 11238 | 7968 | 6016 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17698 | 11381 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19016 | 1146 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 159 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18794 | 11476 | 7952 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 175 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17444 | 11206 | 7952 | 6032 | 4476 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12794 | 8333 | 5762 | 4429 | 327 | 2413 | 146 | 778 | 397 | 079 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
619 | 778 | 889 | 889 | 794 | 492 | 286 | 175 | 175 | 063 | 095 | 079 | ||||||||||||
524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
444 | 603 | 667 | 698 | 603 | 397 | 19 | 143 | 175 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
333 | 46 | 492 | 524 | 476 | 27 | 143 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 095 | ||||||||||||
286 | 413 | 444 | 444 | 444 | 238 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 079 | ||||||||||||
254 | 349 | 381 | 397 | 429 | 19 | 095 | 111 | 111 | 063 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Asia | 10 | ||
Europe | 30 | ||
USA | 60 | ||
Others | 13 | ||
Wire and Cable | 31 | ||
Shrink Tube | 17 | ||
Shrink Film | 24 | ||
Tires | 9 | ||
Service Centers | 6 |
Asia | |
Europe | |
USA |
Others | |
Wire and Cable | |
Shrink Tube | |
Shrink Film | |
Tires | |
Service Centers |
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 17 -
IBArsquos product portfolio
Dynamitron05 -gt 5 MeV | 160 mA
Electron beam
Rhodotron3 -gt 10 MeV | 245 kW
Electron beam and X-rays
eXelis5 ndash 7 MeV | 560kW
X-rays
Main application E-beam Crosslinking Main application E-beam box sterilization Main application X-ray pallet sterilization
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 18 -
Rhodotron and Dynamitron product ranges
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 19 -
IBA Industrial Inc ndash Markets
Sterilization Crosslinking
Food Sterile Insect
Cargo screeningMail Sanitization
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 20
SUNY - Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 21
SUNY-Environmental Science and Forestry
bull 8 Departments (Bio Paper Sci Forestry Landscape Arch Env Studies Sci Eng
bull 2000 undergrads 550 grad students
Chemistry MS and PhD bull Biochemistrybull Environmental Chemistrybull Organic Natural Products bull Polymer Chemistry
15 Faculty40 grad students
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 22
Professor of ChemistrySUNY-Environmental Science amp Forestry
(tsdibbleesfedu)bull SUNY-ESF
1 of 7 PhD-granting SUNY campusesLocated in Syracuse
bull My Training PhD (Physical Chemistry) U Michigan 1992
bull My Research Group 1 MS 1 PhD 1 undergrad(1 MS and 1 PhD student arriving in Fall)
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Theodore S Dibble
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 23
Research is 90 Kineticsbull Tools Experiment Theory Kinetic Models
Lasers to generate and monitor radicalsGas chromatography-mass spectrometryInfrared spectroscopyQuantum chemistry theoretical kineticsReaction mechanismsLarge kinetic models
bull TopicsAtmospheric ozone and mercuryCombustionElectron beams
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Research Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 24
Previous Work Humid Air (N2 O2 H2O)
Goal understand sources of OH radical (removes SO2 and NOx from flue gas)
bull Started with a published model- added reactions- edited rate constants amp reaction products- iterated until ldquoself-consistentrdquo (~900 reactions)
bull Ran model- tested againstreintepreted exp results- analyzed sources of OH amp error
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Kinetic Modeling of Electron Beams
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 25
bull Software Kintecus Chemical ModelingPlug flow reactorhuge number of reactionsAccurate numerical integration
bull Input ParametersDose rate (Joules absorbedkg gas) from IBAInitial species concentrationsSet of reactions and rate constants
bull Outputs Concentrations vs timeSensitivity coefficients
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Technical Details
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 26
Technical Approach Discussion
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 27
High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products
Sponsor
Funding $799997 DOE ($206000 co-funding) two year effort
Objective Develop a direct electron beam (E-Beam) synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide using carbon dioxide (CO2) captured from a coal-fired power plant and methane (natural gas)
Team Member Rolesbull Overall project integration and managementbull Design construct the E-Beam reactor and the testing unitbull Conceptual design for coal-fired power plants with DEBS
bull Provide guidance in E-Beam reactor design and E-Beam accelerator for testing
bull Develop a kinetic model for the E-Beam reactor
DE-FE0029787
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 28
Project Objectives
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this project is to develop the Direct E-Beam Synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide at relatively low severity (pressure being near one atmosphere and temperatures of lt150degC) from near-pure CO2 captured from a pulverized coal (PC)-fired power plant and methane imported as natural gas Creating valuable products will offset the cost of carbon capture and storage (CCS) The high energy output from an electron beam (E-Beam) accelerator will be used to break chemical bonds The project comprises two budget periods (BP) of 9 and 15 months each for a total duration of 24 months
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 29
Project ObjectivesBP Objectives
1
bull Complete design and manufacture of testing skid with E-Beam reactor for testing at IBAbull Successful commissioning of DEBS equipment at GTI and IBA
bull Identify at least two catalysts to control the recombination and increase the yields for more valuableproducts
bull Develop preliminary predictive kinetic model to guide BP2 testing
2
bull Determine key operating parameters at various E-Beam energies to maximize the per pass conversion of CO2 to valuable products control selectivities between various products and minimize E-Beam energy requirements
bull Identify operating conditions and catalyst combinations to further control selectivities between products and minimize overall energy requirements
bull Review experimental data to optimize and improve preliminary kinetic model developed in BP1bull Complete data analysis and reporting of the experimental runs
bull Complete economical assessment techno-economic analysis and perform life cycle analysis for the process
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 30
Experiments will be conducted in non-catalytic as well as catalytic modes A kinetic model will be developed by SUNY based on the collected data and will be
used to predict the chemical performance of the DEBS process A conceptual design for coupling the DEBS process to a coal-fired power plant will
be developed
This project will expand on the concept of DEBS to Develop a commercially viable process Minimize E-Beam energy requirements Maximize CO2 conversion Selectively control the yield of more valuable products using
catalysts
Innovation non-equilibrium process that breaks bonds directly unlike conventional chemistry that requires heating the entire molecule
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 31
Current technology for the commercial production of acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide requires High temperatures and pressures Expensive catalysts in multiple process steps High capital and operating costs
The DEBS process uses high-energy electron beams to break chemical bonds allowing production of the desired chemicals at near-ambient pressure and temperatures and has been demonstrated by other research groups at bench-scale
Successfully combining DEBS technology with CO2 captured from coal-fired power plant flue gas provides a low-cost energy-efficient process to produce valuable chemicals and reduce emissions
Advantages Over Traditional Processes
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 32
Electron Beam Deposition into Gas
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 33
Electron Beam Primer
V = Voltage (eV)I = Current (amp)V x I = Power (watt)
1eV = Kinetic energy of an electron accelerated to 1 voltCharge of an electron = 1602 x 10-19 coulombs
1 coulomb = 625 x 1018 electrons
Current = ChargeTime1 amp = 1 coulomb 1 sec
1 eV x 1 amp= 1 watt = 1 Jsec1 eV = 1602 x 10-19 J
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 34
Electron Beam Primer
500keV amp 15mAsqin E-Beam on a 1 sq in areaE-Beam power = 750 watt or 750 Jsec
Each electron will have500000 x 1602 x 10-19 = 8 x 10-14 J of energy
E-Beam will have15 x 10-3 1602 x 10-19 = 93633 x 1015 electrons per second
Each electron has the potential to achieve ~100000 interactions
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 35
Industrial Accelerator Design (linear)
Typical Numbers in range of interest450 to 1000 keV25 to 250 mA11 - 100 kW1
Efficiency 45 ndash 602
1 Robert W Hamm RampM Technical Enterprises Inc 9th ICFA Seminar ndash October 30 20082 Applied Energetics httpwwwappliedenergeticscomdownloadsproduct-offeringsnested-high-voltage-generatorpdf3 Kim et Al amp NHV Japan amp Bulgaria Power Plant
Source of Electrons
Acceleration Modules
Electron beam
Large Scale Industrial Applications800 keV500 mA400 kW3
Efficiency up to 883
Vacuum
Foil
Target
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 36
Electron Beam Deposition
Maximum efficiency occurs when electron beam deposition depth is equal to reactor depthDeposition depth depends on these parametersbull Electron beam voltagebull Gas compositionbull Gas pressure (Limited by foil)bull Foil composition and thicknessre
acto
r dep
th=
d
ElectronBeam Voltage ndash Controls how FAR the electrons will go
Current - Controls how MANY electrons will go
Beam Energy
Beam
Dep
th
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 37
Electron Beam Deposition (continued)
Electron beam inVoltage VinCurrent IExposure time T
Electron beam outVoltage Vout = Vin - ∆VCurrent IExposure time T
Dose = ((Vin-Vout) times I times T) M
Dose = energy deposited per unit massUnit of dose 1 Joulekg = 1 Gray
mass M
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 38
Deposition into a Gas Flowing in a Reactor
Flow velocity v
Dose = (V (potential) times I (currentarea) times a (window area) v (velocity)) M (mass)
Mass M
ElectronBeam
e-beam window area = a
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
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18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
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18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
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17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12794 | 8333 | 5762 | 4429 | 327 | 2413 | 146 | 778 | 397 | 079 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
619 | 778 | 889 | 889 | 794 | 492 | 286 | 175 | 175 | 063 | 095 | 079 | ||||||||||||
524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
444 | 603 | 667 | 698 | 603 | 397 | 19 | 143 | 175 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
333 | 46 | 492 | 524 | 476 | 27 | 143 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 095 | ||||||||||||
286 | 413 | 444 | 444 | 444 | 238 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 079 | ||||||||||||
254 | 349 | 381 | 397 | 429 | 19 | 095 | 111 | 111 | 063 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Asia | 10 | ||
Europe | 30 | ||
USA | 60 | ||
Others | 13 | ||
Wire and Cable | 31 | ||
Shrink Tube | 17 | ||
Shrink Film | 24 | ||
Tires | 9 | ||
Service Centers | 6 |
Asia | |
Europe | |
USA |
Others | |
Wire and Cable | |
Shrink Tube | |
Shrink Film | |
Tires | |
Service Centers |
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 18 -
Rhodotron and Dynamitron product ranges
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 19 -
IBA Industrial Inc ndash Markets
Sterilization Crosslinking
Food Sterile Insect
Cargo screeningMail Sanitization
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 20
SUNY - Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 21
SUNY-Environmental Science and Forestry
bull 8 Departments (Bio Paper Sci Forestry Landscape Arch Env Studies Sci Eng
bull 2000 undergrads 550 grad students
Chemistry MS and PhD bull Biochemistrybull Environmental Chemistrybull Organic Natural Products bull Polymer Chemistry
15 Faculty40 grad students
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 22
Professor of ChemistrySUNY-Environmental Science amp Forestry
(tsdibbleesfedu)bull SUNY-ESF
1 of 7 PhD-granting SUNY campusesLocated in Syracuse
bull My Training PhD (Physical Chemistry) U Michigan 1992
bull My Research Group 1 MS 1 PhD 1 undergrad(1 MS and 1 PhD student arriving in Fall)
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Theodore S Dibble
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 23
Research is 90 Kineticsbull Tools Experiment Theory Kinetic Models
Lasers to generate and monitor radicalsGas chromatography-mass spectrometryInfrared spectroscopyQuantum chemistry theoretical kineticsReaction mechanismsLarge kinetic models
bull TopicsAtmospheric ozone and mercuryCombustionElectron beams
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Research Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 24
Previous Work Humid Air (N2 O2 H2O)
Goal understand sources of OH radical (removes SO2 and NOx from flue gas)
bull Started with a published model- added reactions- edited rate constants amp reaction products- iterated until ldquoself-consistentrdquo (~900 reactions)
bull Ran model- tested againstreintepreted exp results- analyzed sources of OH amp error
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Kinetic Modeling of Electron Beams
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 25
bull Software Kintecus Chemical ModelingPlug flow reactorhuge number of reactionsAccurate numerical integration
bull Input ParametersDose rate (Joules absorbedkg gas) from IBAInitial species concentrationsSet of reactions and rate constants
bull Outputs Concentrations vs timeSensitivity coefficients
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Technical Details
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 26
Technical Approach Discussion
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 27
High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products
Sponsor
Funding $799997 DOE ($206000 co-funding) two year effort
Objective Develop a direct electron beam (E-Beam) synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide using carbon dioxide (CO2) captured from a coal-fired power plant and methane (natural gas)
Team Member Rolesbull Overall project integration and managementbull Design construct the E-Beam reactor and the testing unitbull Conceptual design for coal-fired power plants with DEBS
bull Provide guidance in E-Beam reactor design and E-Beam accelerator for testing
bull Develop a kinetic model for the E-Beam reactor
DE-FE0029787
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 28
Project Objectives
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this project is to develop the Direct E-Beam Synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide at relatively low severity (pressure being near one atmosphere and temperatures of lt150degC) from near-pure CO2 captured from a pulverized coal (PC)-fired power plant and methane imported as natural gas Creating valuable products will offset the cost of carbon capture and storage (CCS) The high energy output from an electron beam (E-Beam) accelerator will be used to break chemical bonds The project comprises two budget periods (BP) of 9 and 15 months each for a total duration of 24 months
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 29
Project ObjectivesBP Objectives
1
bull Complete design and manufacture of testing skid with E-Beam reactor for testing at IBAbull Successful commissioning of DEBS equipment at GTI and IBA
bull Identify at least two catalysts to control the recombination and increase the yields for more valuableproducts
bull Develop preliminary predictive kinetic model to guide BP2 testing
2
bull Determine key operating parameters at various E-Beam energies to maximize the per pass conversion of CO2 to valuable products control selectivities between various products and minimize E-Beam energy requirements
bull Identify operating conditions and catalyst combinations to further control selectivities between products and minimize overall energy requirements
bull Review experimental data to optimize and improve preliminary kinetic model developed in BP1bull Complete data analysis and reporting of the experimental runs
bull Complete economical assessment techno-economic analysis and perform life cycle analysis for the process
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 30
Experiments will be conducted in non-catalytic as well as catalytic modes A kinetic model will be developed by SUNY based on the collected data and will be
used to predict the chemical performance of the DEBS process A conceptual design for coupling the DEBS process to a coal-fired power plant will
be developed
This project will expand on the concept of DEBS to Develop a commercially viable process Minimize E-Beam energy requirements Maximize CO2 conversion Selectively control the yield of more valuable products using
catalysts
Innovation non-equilibrium process that breaks bonds directly unlike conventional chemistry that requires heating the entire molecule
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 31
Current technology for the commercial production of acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide requires High temperatures and pressures Expensive catalysts in multiple process steps High capital and operating costs
The DEBS process uses high-energy electron beams to break chemical bonds allowing production of the desired chemicals at near-ambient pressure and temperatures and has been demonstrated by other research groups at bench-scale
Successfully combining DEBS technology with CO2 captured from coal-fired power plant flue gas provides a low-cost energy-efficient process to produce valuable chemicals and reduce emissions
Advantages Over Traditional Processes
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 32
Electron Beam Deposition into Gas
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 33
Electron Beam Primer
V = Voltage (eV)I = Current (amp)V x I = Power (watt)
1eV = Kinetic energy of an electron accelerated to 1 voltCharge of an electron = 1602 x 10-19 coulombs
1 coulomb = 625 x 1018 electrons
Current = ChargeTime1 amp = 1 coulomb 1 sec
1 eV x 1 amp= 1 watt = 1 Jsec1 eV = 1602 x 10-19 J
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 34
Electron Beam Primer
500keV amp 15mAsqin E-Beam on a 1 sq in areaE-Beam power = 750 watt or 750 Jsec
Each electron will have500000 x 1602 x 10-19 = 8 x 10-14 J of energy
E-Beam will have15 x 10-3 1602 x 10-19 = 93633 x 1015 electrons per second
Each electron has the potential to achieve ~100000 interactions
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 35
Industrial Accelerator Design (linear)
Typical Numbers in range of interest450 to 1000 keV25 to 250 mA11 - 100 kW1
Efficiency 45 ndash 602
1 Robert W Hamm RampM Technical Enterprises Inc 9th ICFA Seminar ndash October 30 20082 Applied Energetics httpwwwappliedenergeticscomdownloadsproduct-offeringsnested-high-voltage-generatorpdf3 Kim et Al amp NHV Japan amp Bulgaria Power Plant
Source of Electrons
Acceleration Modules
Electron beam
Large Scale Industrial Applications800 keV500 mA400 kW3
Efficiency up to 883
Vacuum
Foil
Target
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 36
Electron Beam Deposition
Maximum efficiency occurs when electron beam deposition depth is equal to reactor depthDeposition depth depends on these parametersbull Electron beam voltagebull Gas compositionbull Gas pressure (Limited by foil)bull Foil composition and thicknessre
acto
r dep
th=
d
ElectronBeam Voltage ndash Controls how FAR the electrons will go
Current - Controls how MANY electrons will go
Beam Energy
Beam
Dep
th
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 37
Electron Beam Deposition (continued)
Electron beam inVoltage VinCurrent IExposure time T
Electron beam outVoltage Vout = Vin - ∆VCurrent IExposure time T
Dose = ((Vin-Vout) times I times T) M
Dose = energy deposited per unit massUnit of dose 1 Joulekg = 1 Gray
mass M
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 38
Deposition into a Gas Flowing in a Reactor
Flow velocity v
Dose = (V (potential) times I (currentarea) times a (window area) v (velocity)) M (mass)
Mass M
ElectronBeam
e-beam window area = a
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
175 | 159 | 143 | 079 | 016 | 143 | 016 | 048 | 095 | 127 | 159 | 159 | ||||||||||||
143 | 079 | 063 | 063 | 032 | 095 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 095 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 095 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 048 | 063 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
127 | 111 | 063 | 095 | 159 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 238 | 111 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 175 | 19 | 175 | 19 | 111 | 111 | 143 | 143 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
19 | 206 | 206 | 222 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | 063 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
222 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 159 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
238 | 302 | 333 | 349 | 381 | 159 | 111 | 143 | 111 | 048 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
254 | 365 | 413 | 413 | 444 | 206 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 079 | 175 | 063 | ||||||||||||
317 | 429 | 46 | 476 | 46 | 254 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 238 | 079 | ||||||||||||
365 | 476 | 524 | 571 | 508 | 302 | 159 | 127 | 143 | 048 | 206 | 079 | ||||||||||||
413 | 556 | 619 | 667 | 571 | 381 | 175 | 127 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
476 | 635 | 714 | 73 | 635 | 429 | 222 | 159 | 19 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
556 | 714 | 825 | 825 | 73 | 46 | 254 | 175 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
635 | 825 | 952 | 937 | 81 | 54 | 286 | 175 | 159 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
698 | 984 | 1079 | 1032 | 873 | 603 | 333 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
73 | 1159 | 1238 | 1159 | 952 | 683 | 381 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 127 | 079 | ||||||||||||
778 | 1349 | 1429 | 1302 | 1111 | 73 | 429 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
857 | 1587 | 1603 | 1476 | 1238 | 81 | 476 | 27 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
952 | 1889 | 181 | 1651 | 1349 | 889 | 556 | 302 | 159 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1127 | 2238 | 2048 | 1841 | 146 | 984 | 603 | 317 | 19 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1397 | 2651 | 2317 | 2032 | 1603 | 1111 | 635 | 333 | 222 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1937 | 3095 | 2587 | 2238 | 1746 | 1222 | 698 | 381 | 222 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2968 | 3556 | 2889 | 246 | 1873 | 1302 | 762 | 429 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
4333 | 4063 | 3206 | 2667 | 2016 | 1397 | 825 | 46 | 254 | 048 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
5571 | 4603 | 3508 | 2873 | 2175 | 1556 | 889 | 476 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
6587 | 5127 | 3841 | 3079 | 2333 | 1667 | 10 | 524 | 238 | 032 | 175 | 111 | ||||||||||||
7556 | 5667 | 4175 | 3286 | 2492 | 173 | 1063 | 571 | 254 | 048 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
8587 | 6222 | 4476 | 3492 | 2603 | 1873 | 1095 | 603 | 27 | 048 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
9635 | 6746 | 4762 | 3714 | 273 | 2016 | 119 | 667 | 302 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
10619 | 7206 | 5048 | 3937 | 2889 | 2111 | 1286 | 698 | 333 | 095 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
11524 | 7635 | 5349 | 4143 | 3063 | 2222 | 1349 | 714 | 365 | 063 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12365 | 8079 | 5619 | 4317 | 319 | 2349 | 1413 | 762 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
13048 | 8508 | 5857 | 4508 | 3302 | 2444 | 1492 | 794 | 397 | 095 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13603 | 8825 | 6111 | 4667 | 3444 | 2508 | 1571 | 825 | 397 | 127 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14095 | 9095 | 6365 | 4841 | 3556 | 2635 | 1619 | 857 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14444 | 9365 | 6556 | 50 | 3683 | 2746 | 1683 | 921 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14746 | 9603 | 6714 | 5159 | 381 | 2794 | 1746 | 937 | 413 | 159 | 143 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15048 | 9841 | 6889 | 5286 | 3921 | 2873 | 181 | 968 | 444 | 175 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15349 | 10016 | 7079 | 5397 | 40 | 2968 | 1873 | 10 | 46 | 159 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15587 | 10206 | 7206 | 5508 | 4095 | 3032 | 1952 | 1048 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15778 | 10349 | 7317 | 5635 | 4159 | 3048 | 2016 | 1079 | 46 | 143 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
16048 | 10476 | 7444 | 573 | 4222 | 3127 | 2032 | 1095 | 492 | 127 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16571 | 10762 | 7587 | 5841 | 4333 | 3254 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16873 | 10889 | 7714 | 5905 | 4397 | 327 | 2127 | 1127 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17048 | 110 | 7825 | 5984 | 4429 | 3302 | 2143 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17524 | 11238 | 7968 | 6016 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17698 | 11381 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19016 | 1146 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 159 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18794 | 11476 | 7952 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 175 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17444 | 11206 | 7952 | 6032 | 4476 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12794 | 8333 | 5762 | 4429 | 327 | 2413 | 146 | 778 | 397 | 079 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
619 | 778 | 889 | 889 | 794 | 492 | 286 | 175 | 175 | 063 | 095 | 079 | ||||||||||||
524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
444 | 603 | 667 | 698 | 603 | 397 | 19 | 143 | 175 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
333 | 46 | 492 | 524 | 476 | 27 | 143 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 095 | ||||||||||||
286 | 413 | 444 | 444 | 444 | 238 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 079 | ||||||||||||
254 | 349 | 381 | 397 | 429 | 19 | 095 | 111 | 111 | 063 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Asia | 10 | ||
Europe | 30 | ||
USA | 60 | ||
Others | 13 | ||
Wire and Cable | 31 | ||
Shrink Tube | 17 | ||
Shrink Film | 24 | ||
Tires | 9 | ||
Service Centers | 6 |
Asia | |
Europe | |
USA |
Others | |
Wire and Cable | |
Shrink Tube | |
Shrink Film | |
Tires | |
Service Centers |
Protect Enhance and Save Lives - 19 -
IBA Industrial Inc ndash Markets
Sterilization Crosslinking
Food Sterile Insect
Cargo screeningMail Sanitization
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 20
SUNY - Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 21
SUNY-Environmental Science and Forestry
bull 8 Departments (Bio Paper Sci Forestry Landscape Arch Env Studies Sci Eng
bull 2000 undergrads 550 grad students
Chemistry MS and PhD bull Biochemistrybull Environmental Chemistrybull Organic Natural Products bull Polymer Chemistry
15 Faculty40 grad students
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 22
Professor of ChemistrySUNY-Environmental Science amp Forestry
(tsdibbleesfedu)bull SUNY-ESF
1 of 7 PhD-granting SUNY campusesLocated in Syracuse
bull My Training PhD (Physical Chemistry) U Michigan 1992
bull My Research Group 1 MS 1 PhD 1 undergrad(1 MS and 1 PhD student arriving in Fall)
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Theodore S Dibble
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 23
Research is 90 Kineticsbull Tools Experiment Theory Kinetic Models
Lasers to generate and monitor radicalsGas chromatography-mass spectrometryInfrared spectroscopyQuantum chemistry theoretical kineticsReaction mechanismsLarge kinetic models
bull TopicsAtmospheric ozone and mercuryCombustionElectron beams
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Research Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 24
Previous Work Humid Air (N2 O2 H2O)
Goal understand sources of OH radical (removes SO2 and NOx from flue gas)
bull Started with a published model- added reactions- edited rate constants amp reaction products- iterated until ldquoself-consistentrdquo (~900 reactions)
bull Ran model- tested againstreintepreted exp results- analyzed sources of OH amp error
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Kinetic Modeling of Electron Beams
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 25
bull Software Kintecus Chemical ModelingPlug flow reactorhuge number of reactionsAccurate numerical integration
bull Input ParametersDose rate (Joules absorbedkg gas) from IBAInitial species concentrationsSet of reactions and rate constants
bull Outputs Concentrations vs timeSensitivity coefficients
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Technical Details
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 26
Technical Approach Discussion
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 27
High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products
Sponsor
Funding $799997 DOE ($206000 co-funding) two year effort
Objective Develop a direct electron beam (E-Beam) synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide using carbon dioxide (CO2) captured from a coal-fired power plant and methane (natural gas)
Team Member Rolesbull Overall project integration and managementbull Design construct the E-Beam reactor and the testing unitbull Conceptual design for coal-fired power plants with DEBS
bull Provide guidance in E-Beam reactor design and E-Beam accelerator for testing
bull Develop a kinetic model for the E-Beam reactor
DE-FE0029787
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 28
Project Objectives
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this project is to develop the Direct E-Beam Synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide at relatively low severity (pressure being near one atmosphere and temperatures of lt150degC) from near-pure CO2 captured from a pulverized coal (PC)-fired power plant and methane imported as natural gas Creating valuable products will offset the cost of carbon capture and storage (CCS) The high energy output from an electron beam (E-Beam) accelerator will be used to break chemical bonds The project comprises two budget periods (BP) of 9 and 15 months each for a total duration of 24 months
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 29
Project ObjectivesBP Objectives
1
bull Complete design and manufacture of testing skid with E-Beam reactor for testing at IBAbull Successful commissioning of DEBS equipment at GTI and IBA
bull Identify at least two catalysts to control the recombination and increase the yields for more valuableproducts
bull Develop preliminary predictive kinetic model to guide BP2 testing
2
bull Determine key operating parameters at various E-Beam energies to maximize the per pass conversion of CO2 to valuable products control selectivities between various products and minimize E-Beam energy requirements
bull Identify operating conditions and catalyst combinations to further control selectivities between products and minimize overall energy requirements
bull Review experimental data to optimize and improve preliminary kinetic model developed in BP1bull Complete data analysis and reporting of the experimental runs
bull Complete economical assessment techno-economic analysis and perform life cycle analysis for the process
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 30
Experiments will be conducted in non-catalytic as well as catalytic modes A kinetic model will be developed by SUNY based on the collected data and will be
used to predict the chemical performance of the DEBS process A conceptual design for coupling the DEBS process to a coal-fired power plant will
be developed
This project will expand on the concept of DEBS to Develop a commercially viable process Minimize E-Beam energy requirements Maximize CO2 conversion Selectively control the yield of more valuable products using
catalysts
Innovation non-equilibrium process that breaks bonds directly unlike conventional chemistry that requires heating the entire molecule
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 31
Current technology for the commercial production of acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide requires High temperatures and pressures Expensive catalysts in multiple process steps High capital and operating costs
The DEBS process uses high-energy electron beams to break chemical bonds allowing production of the desired chemicals at near-ambient pressure and temperatures and has been demonstrated by other research groups at bench-scale
Successfully combining DEBS technology with CO2 captured from coal-fired power plant flue gas provides a low-cost energy-efficient process to produce valuable chemicals and reduce emissions
Advantages Over Traditional Processes
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 32
Electron Beam Deposition into Gas
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 33
Electron Beam Primer
V = Voltage (eV)I = Current (amp)V x I = Power (watt)
1eV = Kinetic energy of an electron accelerated to 1 voltCharge of an electron = 1602 x 10-19 coulombs
1 coulomb = 625 x 1018 electrons
Current = ChargeTime1 amp = 1 coulomb 1 sec
1 eV x 1 amp= 1 watt = 1 Jsec1 eV = 1602 x 10-19 J
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 34
Electron Beam Primer
500keV amp 15mAsqin E-Beam on a 1 sq in areaE-Beam power = 750 watt or 750 Jsec
Each electron will have500000 x 1602 x 10-19 = 8 x 10-14 J of energy
E-Beam will have15 x 10-3 1602 x 10-19 = 93633 x 1015 electrons per second
Each electron has the potential to achieve ~100000 interactions
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 35
Industrial Accelerator Design (linear)
Typical Numbers in range of interest450 to 1000 keV25 to 250 mA11 - 100 kW1
Efficiency 45 ndash 602
1 Robert W Hamm RampM Technical Enterprises Inc 9th ICFA Seminar ndash October 30 20082 Applied Energetics httpwwwappliedenergeticscomdownloadsproduct-offeringsnested-high-voltage-generatorpdf3 Kim et Al amp NHV Japan amp Bulgaria Power Plant
Source of Electrons
Acceleration Modules
Electron beam
Large Scale Industrial Applications800 keV500 mA400 kW3
Efficiency up to 883
Vacuum
Foil
Target
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 36
Electron Beam Deposition
Maximum efficiency occurs when electron beam deposition depth is equal to reactor depthDeposition depth depends on these parametersbull Electron beam voltagebull Gas compositionbull Gas pressure (Limited by foil)bull Foil composition and thicknessre
acto
r dep
th=
d
ElectronBeam Voltage ndash Controls how FAR the electrons will go
Current - Controls how MANY electrons will go
Beam Energy
Beam
Dep
th
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 37
Electron Beam Deposition (continued)
Electron beam inVoltage VinCurrent IExposure time T
Electron beam outVoltage Vout = Vin - ∆VCurrent IExposure time T
Dose = ((Vin-Vout) times I times T) M
Dose = energy deposited per unit massUnit of dose 1 Joulekg = 1 Gray
mass M
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 38
Deposition into a Gas Flowing in a Reactor
Flow velocity v
Dose = (V (potential) times I (currentarea) times a (window area) v (velocity)) M (mass)
Mass M
ElectronBeam
e-beam window area = a
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
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190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
175 | 159 | 143 | 079 | 016 | 143 | 016 | 048 | 095 | 127 | 159 | 159 | ||||||||||||
143 | 079 | 063 | 063 | 032 | 095 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 095 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 095 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 048 | 063 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
127 | 111 | 063 | 095 | 159 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 238 | 111 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 175 | 19 | 175 | 19 | 111 | 111 | 143 | 143 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
19 | 206 | 206 | 222 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | 063 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
222 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 159 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
238 | 302 | 333 | 349 | 381 | 159 | 111 | 143 | 111 | 048 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
254 | 365 | 413 | 413 | 444 | 206 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 079 | 175 | 063 | ||||||||||||
317 | 429 | 46 | 476 | 46 | 254 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 238 | 079 | ||||||||||||
365 | 476 | 524 | 571 | 508 | 302 | 159 | 127 | 143 | 048 | 206 | 079 | ||||||||||||
413 | 556 | 619 | 667 | 571 | 381 | 175 | 127 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
476 | 635 | 714 | 73 | 635 | 429 | 222 | 159 | 19 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
556 | 714 | 825 | 825 | 73 | 46 | 254 | 175 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
635 | 825 | 952 | 937 | 81 | 54 | 286 | 175 | 159 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
698 | 984 | 1079 | 1032 | 873 | 603 | 333 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
73 | 1159 | 1238 | 1159 | 952 | 683 | 381 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 127 | 079 | ||||||||||||
778 | 1349 | 1429 | 1302 | 1111 | 73 | 429 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
857 | 1587 | 1603 | 1476 | 1238 | 81 | 476 | 27 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
952 | 1889 | 181 | 1651 | 1349 | 889 | 556 | 302 | 159 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1127 | 2238 | 2048 | 1841 | 146 | 984 | 603 | 317 | 19 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1397 | 2651 | 2317 | 2032 | 1603 | 1111 | 635 | 333 | 222 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1937 | 3095 | 2587 | 2238 | 1746 | 1222 | 698 | 381 | 222 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2968 | 3556 | 2889 | 246 | 1873 | 1302 | 762 | 429 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
4333 | 4063 | 3206 | 2667 | 2016 | 1397 | 825 | 46 | 254 | 048 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
5571 | 4603 | 3508 | 2873 | 2175 | 1556 | 889 | 476 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
6587 | 5127 | 3841 | 3079 | 2333 | 1667 | 10 | 524 | 238 | 032 | 175 | 111 | ||||||||||||
7556 | 5667 | 4175 | 3286 | 2492 | 173 | 1063 | 571 | 254 | 048 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
8587 | 6222 | 4476 | 3492 | 2603 | 1873 | 1095 | 603 | 27 | 048 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
9635 | 6746 | 4762 | 3714 | 273 | 2016 | 119 | 667 | 302 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
10619 | 7206 | 5048 | 3937 | 2889 | 2111 | 1286 | 698 | 333 | 095 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
11524 | 7635 | 5349 | 4143 | 3063 | 2222 | 1349 | 714 | 365 | 063 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12365 | 8079 | 5619 | 4317 | 319 | 2349 | 1413 | 762 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
13048 | 8508 | 5857 | 4508 | 3302 | 2444 | 1492 | 794 | 397 | 095 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13603 | 8825 | 6111 | 4667 | 3444 | 2508 | 1571 | 825 | 397 | 127 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14095 | 9095 | 6365 | 4841 | 3556 | 2635 | 1619 | 857 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14444 | 9365 | 6556 | 50 | 3683 | 2746 | 1683 | 921 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14746 | 9603 | 6714 | 5159 | 381 | 2794 | 1746 | 937 | 413 | 159 | 143 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15048 | 9841 | 6889 | 5286 | 3921 | 2873 | 181 | 968 | 444 | 175 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15349 | 10016 | 7079 | 5397 | 40 | 2968 | 1873 | 10 | 46 | 159 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15587 | 10206 | 7206 | 5508 | 4095 | 3032 | 1952 | 1048 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15778 | 10349 | 7317 | 5635 | 4159 | 3048 | 2016 | 1079 | 46 | 143 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
16048 | 10476 | 7444 | 573 | 4222 | 3127 | 2032 | 1095 | 492 | 127 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16571 | 10762 | 7587 | 5841 | 4333 | 3254 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16873 | 10889 | 7714 | 5905 | 4397 | 327 | 2127 | 1127 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17048 | 110 | 7825 | 5984 | 4429 | 3302 | 2143 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17524 | 11238 | 7968 | 6016 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17698 | 11381 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19016 | 1146 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 159 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18794 | 11476 | 7952 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 175 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17444 | 11206 | 7952 | 6032 | 4476 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12794 | 8333 | 5762 | 4429 | 327 | 2413 | 146 | 778 | 397 | 079 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
619 | 778 | 889 | 889 | 794 | 492 | 286 | 175 | 175 | 063 | 095 | 079 | ||||||||||||
524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
444 | 603 | 667 | 698 | 603 | 397 | 19 | 143 | 175 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
333 | 46 | 492 | 524 | 476 | 27 | 143 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 095 | ||||||||||||
286 | 413 | 444 | 444 | 444 | 238 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 079 | ||||||||||||
254 | 349 | 381 | 397 | 429 | 19 | 095 | 111 | 111 | 063 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Asia | 10 | ||
Europe | 30 | ||
USA | 60 | ||
Others | 13 | ||
Wire and Cable | 31 | ||
Shrink Tube | 17 | ||
Shrink Film | 24 | ||
Tires | 9 | ||
Service Centers | 6 |
Asia | |
Europe | |
USA |
Others | |
Wire and Cable | |
Shrink Tube | |
Shrink Film | |
Tires | |
Service Centers |
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 20
SUNY - Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 21
SUNY-Environmental Science and Forestry
bull 8 Departments (Bio Paper Sci Forestry Landscape Arch Env Studies Sci Eng
bull 2000 undergrads 550 grad students
Chemistry MS and PhD bull Biochemistrybull Environmental Chemistrybull Organic Natural Products bull Polymer Chemistry
15 Faculty40 grad students
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 22
Professor of ChemistrySUNY-Environmental Science amp Forestry
(tsdibbleesfedu)bull SUNY-ESF
1 of 7 PhD-granting SUNY campusesLocated in Syracuse
bull My Training PhD (Physical Chemistry) U Michigan 1992
bull My Research Group 1 MS 1 PhD 1 undergrad(1 MS and 1 PhD student arriving in Fall)
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Theodore S Dibble
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 23
Research is 90 Kineticsbull Tools Experiment Theory Kinetic Models
Lasers to generate and monitor radicalsGas chromatography-mass spectrometryInfrared spectroscopyQuantum chemistry theoretical kineticsReaction mechanismsLarge kinetic models
bull TopicsAtmospheric ozone and mercuryCombustionElectron beams
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Research Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 24
Previous Work Humid Air (N2 O2 H2O)
Goal understand sources of OH radical (removes SO2 and NOx from flue gas)
bull Started with a published model- added reactions- edited rate constants amp reaction products- iterated until ldquoself-consistentrdquo (~900 reactions)
bull Ran model- tested againstreintepreted exp results- analyzed sources of OH amp error
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Kinetic Modeling of Electron Beams
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 25
bull Software Kintecus Chemical ModelingPlug flow reactorhuge number of reactionsAccurate numerical integration
bull Input ParametersDose rate (Joules absorbedkg gas) from IBAInitial species concentrationsSet of reactions and rate constants
bull Outputs Concentrations vs timeSensitivity coefficients
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Technical Details
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 26
Technical Approach Discussion
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 27
High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products
Sponsor
Funding $799997 DOE ($206000 co-funding) two year effort
Objective Develop a direct electron beam (E-Beam) synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide using carbon dioxide (CO2) captured from a coal-fired power plant and methane (natural gas)
Team Member Rolesbull Overall project integration and managementbull Design construct the E-Beam reactor and the testing unitbull Conceptual design for coal-fired power plants with DEBS
bull Provide guidance in E-Beam reactor design and E-Beam accelerator for testing
bull Develop a kinetic model for the E-Beam reactor
DE-FE0029787
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 28
Project Objectives
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this project is to develop the Direct E-Beam Synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide at relatively low severity (pressure being near one atmosphere and temperatures of lt150degC) from near-pure CO2 captured from a pulverized coal (PC)-fired power plant and methane imported as natural gas Creating valuable products will offset the cost of carbon capture and storage (CCS) The high energy output from an electron beam (E-Beam) accelerator will be used to break chemical bonds The project comprises two budget periods (BP) of 9 and 15 months each for a total duration of 24 months
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 29
Project ObjectivesBP Objectives
1
bull Complete design and manufacture of testing skid with E-Beam reactor for testing at IBAbull Successful commissioning of DEBS equipment at GTI and IBA
bull Identify at least two catalysts to control the recombination and increase the yields for more valuableproducts
bull Develop preliminary predictive kinetic model to guide BP2 testing
2
bull Determine key operating parameters at various E-Beam energies to maximize the per pass conversion of CO2 to valuable products control selectivities between various products and minimize E-Beam energy requirements
bull Identify operating conditions and catalyst combinations to further control selectivities between products and minimize overall energy requirements
bull Review experimental data to optimize and improve preliminary kinetic model developed in BP1bull Complete data analysis and reporting of the experimental runs
bull Complete economical assessment techno-economic analysis and perform life cycle analysis for the process
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 30
Experiments will be conducted in non-catalytic as well as catalytic modes A kinetic model will be developed by SUNY based on the collected data and will be
used to predict the chemical performance of the DEBS process A conceptual design for coupling the DEBS process to a coal-fired power plant will
be developed
This project will expand on the concept of DEBS to Develop a commercially viable process Minimize E-Beam energy requirements Maximize CO2 conversion Selectively control the yield of more valuable products using
catalysts
Innovation non-equilibrium process that breaks bonds directly unlike conventional chemistry that requires heating the entire molecule
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 31
Current technology for the commercial production of acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide requires High temperatures and pressures Expensive catalysts in multiple process steps High capital and operating costs
The DEBS process uses high-energy electron beams to break chemical bonds allowing production of the desired chemicals at near-ambient pressure and temperatures and has been demonstrated by other research groups at bench-scale
Successfully combining DEBS technology with CO2 captured from coal-fired power plant flue gas provides a low-cost energy-efficient process to produce valuable chemicals and reduce emissions
Advantages Over Traditional Processes
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 32
Electron Beam Deposition into Gas
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 33
Electron Beam Primer
V = Voltage (eV)I = Current (amp)V x I = Power (watt)
1eV = Kinetic energy of an electron accelerated to 1 voltCharge of an electron = 1602 x 10-19 coulombs
1 coulomb = 625 x 1018 electrons
Current = ChargeTime1 amp = 1 coulomb 1 sec
1 eV x 1 amp= 1 watt = 1 Jsec1 eV = 1602 x 10-19 J
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 34
Electron Beam Primer
500keV amp 15mAsqin E-Beam on a 1 sq in areaE-Beam power = 750 watt or 750 Jsec
Each electron will have500000 x 1602 x 10-19 = 8 x 10-14 J of energy
E-Beam will have15 x 10-3 1602 x 10-19 = 93633 x 1015 electrons per second
Each electron has the potential to achieve ~100000 interactions
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 35
Industrial Accelerator Design (linear)
Typical Numbers in range of interest450 to 1000 keV25 to 250 mA11 - 100 kW1
Efficiency 45 ndash 602
1 Robert W Hamm RampM Technical Enterprises Inc 9th ICFA Seminar ndash October 30 20082 Applied Energetics httpwwwappliedenergeticscomdownloadsproduct-offeringsnested-high-voltage-generatorpdf3 Kim et Al amp NHV Japan amp Bulgaria Power Plant
Source of Electrons
Acceleration Modules
Electron beam
Large Scale Industrial Applications800 keV500 mA400 kW3
Efficiency up to 883
Vacuum
Foil
Target
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 36
Electron Beam Deposition
Maximum efficiency occurs when electron beam deposition depth is equal to reactor depthDeposition depth depends on these parametersbull Electron beam voltagebull Gas compositionbull Gas pressure (Limited by foil)bull Foil composition and thicknessre
acto
r dep
th=
d
ElectronBeam Voltage ndash Controls how FAR the electrons will go
Current - Controls how MANY electrons will go
Beam Energy
Beam
Dep
th
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 37
Electron Beam Deposition (continued)
Electron beam inVoltage VinCurrent IExposure time T
Electron beam outVoltage Vout = Vin - ∆VCurrent IExposure time T
Dose = ((Vin-Vout) times I times T) M
Dose = energy deposited per unit massUnit of dose 1 Joulekg = 1 Gray
mass M
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 38
Deposition into a Gas Flowing in a Reactor
Flow velocity v
Dose = (V (potential) times I (currentarea) times a (window area) v (velocity)) M (mass)
Mass M
ElectronBeam
e-beam window area = a
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
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15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
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175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
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0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
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0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
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13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
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200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
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12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Asia | 10 | ||
Europe | 30 | ||
USA | 60 | ||
Others | 13 | ||
Wire and Cable | 31 | ||
Shrink Tube | 17 | ||
Shrink Film | 24 | ||
Tires | 9 | ||
Service Centers | 6 |
Asia | |
Europe | |
USA |
Others | |
Wire and Cable | |
Shrink Tube | |
Shrink Film | |
Tires | |
Service Centers |
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 20
SUNY - Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 21
SUNY-Environmental Science and Forestry
bull 8 Departments (Bio Paper Sci Forestry Landscape Arch Env Studies Sci Eng
bull 2000 undergrads 550 grad students
Chemistry MS and PhD bull Biochemistrybull Environmental Chemistrybull Organic Natural Products bull Polymer Chemistry
15 Faculty40 grad students
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 22
Professor of ChemistrySUNY-Environmental Science amp Forestry
(tsdibbleesfedu)bull SUNY-ESF
1 of 7 PhD-granting SUNY campusesLocated in Syracuse
bull My Training PhD (Physical Chemistry) U Michigan 1992
bull My Research Group 1 MS 1 PhD 1 undergrad(1 MS and 1 PhD student arriving in Fall)
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Theodore S Dibble
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 23
Research is 90 Kineticsbull Tools Experiment Theory Kinetic Models
Lasers to generate and monitor radicalsGas chromatography-mass spectrometryInfrared spectroscopyQuantum chemistry theoretical kineticsReaction mechanismsLarge kinetic models
bull TopicsAtmospheric ozone and mercuryCombustionElectron beams
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Research Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 24
Previous Work Humid Air (N2 O2 H2O)
Goal understand sources of OH radical (removes SO2 and NOx from flue gas)
bull Started with a published model- added reactions- edited rate constants amp reaction products- iterated until ldquoself-consistentrdquo (~900 reactions)
bull Ran model- tested againstreintepreted exp results- analyzed sources of OH amp error
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Kinetic Modeling of Electron Beams
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 25
bull Software Kintecus Chemical ModelingPlug flow reactorhuge number of reactionsAccurate numerical integration
bull Input ParametersDose rate (Joules absorbedkg gas) from IBAInitial species concentrationsSet of reactions and rate constants
bull Outputs Concentrations vs timeSensitivity coefficients
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Technical Details
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 26
Technical Approach Discussion
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 27
High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products
Sponsor
Funding $799997 DOE ($206000 co-funding) two year effort
Objective Develop a direct electron beam (E-Beam) synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide using carbon dioxide (CO2) captured from a coal-fired power plant and methane (natural gas)
Team Member Rolesbull Overall project integration and managementbull Design construct the E-Beam reactor and the testing unitbull Conceptual design for coal-fired power plants with DEBS
bull Provide guidance in E-Beam reactor design and E-Beam accelerator for testing
bull Develop a kinetic model for the E-Beam reactor
DE-FE0029787
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 28
Project Objectives
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this project is to develop the Direct E-Beam Synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide at relatively low severity (pressure being near one atmosphere and temperatures of lt150degC) from near-pure CO2 captured from a pulverized coal (PC)-fired power plant and methane imported as natural gas Creating valuable products will offset the cost of carbon capture and storage (CCS) The high energy output from an electron beam (E-Beam) accelerator will be used to break chemical bonds The project comprises two budget periods (BP) of 9 and 15 months each for a total duration of 24 months
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 29
Project ObjectivesBP Objectives
1
bull Complete design and manufacture of testing skid with E-Beam reactor for testing at IBAbull Successful commissioning of DEBS equipment at GTI and IBA
bull Identify at least two catalysts to control the recombination and increase the yields for more valuableproducts
bull Develop preliminary predictive kinetic model to guide BP2 testing
2
bull Determine key operating parameters at various E-Beam energies to maximize the per pass conversion of CO2 to valuable products control selectivities between various products and minimize E-Beam energy requirements
bull Identify operating conditions and catalyst combinations to further control selectivities between products and minimize overall energy requirements
bull Review experimental data to optimize and improve preliminary kinetic model developed in BP1bull Complete data analysis and reporting of the experimental runs
bull Complete economical assessment techno-economic analysis and perform life cycle analysis for the process
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 30
Experiments will be conducted in non-catalytic as well as catalytic modes A kinetic model will be developed by SUNY based on the collected data and will be
used to predict the chemical performance of the DEBS process A conceptual design for coupling the DEBS process to a coal-fired power plant will
be developed
This project will expand on the concept of DEBS to Develop a commercially viable process Minimize E-Beam energy requirements Maximize CO2 conversion Selectively control the yield of more valuable products using
catalysts
Innovation non-equilibrium process that breaks bonds directly unlike conventional chemistry that requires heating the entire molecule
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 31
Current technology for the commercial production of acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide requires High temperatures and pressures Expensive catalysts in multiple process steps High capital and operating costs
The DEBS process uses high-energy electron beams to break chemical bonds allowing production of the desired chemicals at near-ambient pressure and temperatures and has been demonstrated by other research groups at bench-scale
Successfully combining DEBS technology with CO2 captured from coal-fired power plant flue gas provides a low-cost energy-efficient process to produce valuable chemicals and reduce emissions
Advantages Over Traditional Processes
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 32
Electron Beam Deposition into Gas
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 33
Electron Beam Primer
V = Voltage (eV)I = Current (amp)V x I = Power (watt)
1eV = Kinetic energy of an electron accelerated to 1 voltCharge of an electron = 1602 x 10-19 coulombs
1 coulomb = 625 x 1018 electrons
Current = ChargeTime1 amp = 1 coulomb 1 sec
1 eV x 1 amp= 1 watt = 1 Jsec1 eV = 1602 x 10-19 J
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 34
Electron Beam Primer
500keV amp 15mAsqin E-Beam on a 1 sq in areaE-Beam power = 750 watt or 750 Jsec
Each electron will have500000 x 1602 x 10-19 = 8 x 10-14 J of energy
E-Beam will have15 x 10-3 1602 x 10-19 = 93633 x 1015 electrons per second
Each electron has the potential to achieve ~100000 interactions
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 35
Industrial Accelerator Design (linear)
Typical Numbers in range of interest450 to 1000 keV25 to 250 mA11 - 100 kW1
Efficiency 45 ndash 602
1 Robert W Hamm RampM Technical Enterprises Inc 9th ICFA Seminar ndash October 30 20082 Applied Energetics httpwwwappliedenergeticscomdownloadsproduct-offeringsnested-high-voltage-generatorpdf3 Kim et Al amp NHV Japan amp Bulgaria Power Plant
Source of Electrons
Acceleration Modules
Electron beam
Large Scale Industrial Applications800 keV500 mA400 kW3
Efficiency up to 883
Vacuum
Foil
Target
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 36
Electron Beam Deposition
Maximum efficiency occurs when electron beam deposition depth is equal to reactor depthDeposition depth depends on these parametersbull Electron beam voltagebull Gas compositionbull Gas pressure (Limited by foil)bull Foil composition and thicknessre
acto
r dep
th=
d
ElectronBeam Voltage ndash Controls how FAR the electrons will go
Current - Controls how MANY electrons will go
Beam Energy
Beam
Dep
th
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 37
Electron Beam Deposition (continued)
Electron beam inVoltage VinCurrent IExposure time T
Electron beam outVoltage Vout = Vin - ∆VCurrent IExposure time T
Dose = ((Vin-Vout) times I times T) M
Dose = energy deposited per unit massUnit of dose 1 Joulekg = 1 Gray
mass M
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 38
Deposition into a Gas Flowing in a Reactor
Flow velocity v
Dose = (V (potential) times I (currentarea) times a (window area) v (velocity)) M (mass)
Mass M
ElectronBeam
e-beam window area = a
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
175 | 159 | 143 | 079 | 016 | 143 | 016 | 048 | 095 | 127 | 159 | 159 | ||||||||||||
143 | 079 | 063 | 063 | 032 | 095 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 095 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 095 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 048 | 063 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
127 | 111 | 063 | 095 | 159 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 238 | 111 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 175 | 19 | 175 | 19 | 111 | 111 | 143 | 143 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
19 | 206 | 206 | 222 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | 063 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
222 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 159 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
238 | 302 | 333 | 349 | 381 | 159 | 111 | 143 | 111 | 048 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
254 | 365 | 413 | 413 | 444 | 206 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 079 | 175 | 063 | ||||||||||||
317 | 429 | 46 | 476 | 46 | 254 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 238 | 079 | ||||||||||||
365 | 476 | 524 | 571 | 508 | 302 | 159 | 127 | 143 | 048 | 206 | 079 | ||||||||||||
413 | 556 | 619 | 667 | 571 | 381 | 175 | 127 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
476 | 635 | 714 | 73 | 635 | 429 | 222 | 159 | 19 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
556 | 714 | 825 | 825 | 73 | 46 | 254 | 175 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
635 | 825 | 952 | 937 | 81 | 54 | 286 | 175 | 159 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
698 | 984 | 1079 | 1032 | 873 | 603 | 333 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
73 | 1159 | 1238 | 1159 | 952 | 683 | 381 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 127 | 079 | ||||||||||||
778 | 1349 | 1429 | 1302 | 1111 | 73 | 429 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
857 | 1587 | 1603 | 1476 | 1238 | 81 | 476 | 27 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
952 | 1889 | 181 | 1651 | 1349 | 889 | 556 | 302 | 159 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1127 | 2238 | 2048 | 1841 | 146 | 984 | 603 | 317 | 19 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1397 | 2651 | 2317 | 2032 | 1603 | 1111 | 635 | 333 | 222 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1937 | 3095 | 2587 | 2238 | 1746 | 1222 | 698 | 381 | 222 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2968 | 3556 | 2889 | 246 | 1873 | 1302 | 762 | 429 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
4333 | 4063 | 3206 | 2667 | 2016 | 1397 | 825 | 46 | 254 | 048 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
5571 | 4603 | 3508 | 2873 | 2175 | 1556 | 889 | 476 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
6587 | 5127 | 3841 | 3079 | 2333 | 1667 | 10 | 524 | 238 | 032 | 175 | 111 | ||||||||||||
7556 | 5667 | 4175 | 3286 | 2492 | 173 | 1063 | 571 | 254 | 048 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
8587 | 6222 | 4476 | 3492 | 2603 | 1873 | 1095 | 603 | 27 | 048 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
9635 | 6746 | 4762 | 3714 | 273 | 2016 | 119 | 667 | 302 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
10619 | 7206 | 5048 | 3937 | 2889 | 2111 | 1286 | 698 | 333 | 095 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
11524 | 7635 | 5349 | 4143 | 3063 | 2222 | 1349 | 714 | 365 | 063 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12365 | 8079 | 5619 | 4317 | 319 | 2349 | 1413 | 762 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
13048 | 8508 | 5857 | 4508 | 3302 | 2444 | 1492 | 794 | 397 | 095 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13603 | 8825 | 6111 | 4667 | 3444 | 2508 | 1571 | 825 | 397 | 127 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14095 | 9095 | 6365 | 4841 | 3556 | 2635 | 1619 | 857 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14444 | 9365 | 6556 | 50 | 3683 | 2746 | 1683 | 921 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14746 | 9603 | 6714 | 5159 | 381 | 2794 | 1746 | 937 | 413 | 159 | 143 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15048 | 9841 | 6889 | 5286 | 3921 | 2873 | 181 | 968 | 444 | 175 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15349 | 10016 | 7079 | 5397 | 40 | 2968 | 1873 | 10 | 46 | 159 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15587 | 10206 | 7206 | 5508 | 4095 | 3032 | 1952 | 1048 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15778 | 10349 | 7317 | 5635 | 4159 | 3048 | 2016 | 1079 | 46 | 143 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
16048 | 10476 | 7444 | 573 | 4222 | 3127 | 2032 | 1095 | 492 | 127 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16571 | 10762 | 7587 | 5841 | 4333 | 3254 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16873 | 10889 | 7714 | 5905 | 4397 | 327 | 2127 | 1127 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17048 | 110 | 7825 | 5984 | 4429 | 3302 | 2143 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17524 | 11238 | 7968 | 6016 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17698 | 11381 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19016 | 1146 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 159 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18794 | 11476 | 7952 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 175 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17444 | 11206 | 7952 | 6032 | 4476 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12794 | 8333 | 5762 | 4429 | 327 | 2413 | 146 | 778 | 397 | 079 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
619 | 778 | 889 | 889 | 794 | 492 | 286 | 175 | 175 | 063 | 095 | 079 | ||||||||||||
524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
444 | 603 | 667 | 698 | 603 | 397 | 19 | 143 | 175 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
333 | 46 | 492 | 524 | 476 | 27 | 143 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 095 | ||||||||||||
286 | 413 | 444 | 444 | 444 | 238 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 079 | ||||||||||||
254 | 349 | 381 | 397 | 429 | 19 | 095 | 111 | 111 | 063 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Asia | 10 | ||
Europe | 30 | ||
USA | 60 | ||
Others | 13 | ||
Wire and Cable | 31 | ||
Shrink Tube | 17 | ||
Shrink Film | 24 | ||
Tires | 9 | ||
Service Centers | 6 |
Asia | |
Europe | |
USA |
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 20
SUNY - Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 21
SUNY-Environmental Science and Forestry
bull 8 Departments (Bio Paper Sci Forestry Landscape Arch Env Studies Sci Eng
bull 2000 undergrads 550 grad students
Chemistry MS and PhD bull Biochemistrybull Environmental Chemistrybull Organic Natural Products bull Polymer Chemistry
15 Faculty40 grad students
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 22
Professor of ChemistrySUNY-Environmental Science amp Forestry
(tsdibbleesfedu)bull SUNY-ESF
1 of 7 PhD-granting SUNY campusesLocated in Syracuse
bull My Training PhD (Physical Chemistry) U Michigan 1992
bull My Research Group 1 MS 1 PhD 1 undergrad(1 MS and 1 PhD student arriving in Fall)
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Theodore S Dibble
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 23
Research is 90 Kineticsbull Tools Experiment Theory Kinetic Models
Lasers to generate and monitor radicalsGas chromatography-mass spectrometryInfrared spectroscopyQuantum chemistry theoretical kineticsReaction mechanismsLarge kinetic models
bull TopicsAtmospheric ozone and mercuryCombustionElectron beams
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Research Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 24
Previous Work Humid Air (N2 O2 H2O)
Goal understand sources of OH radical (removes SO2 and NOx from flue gas)
bull Started with a published model- added reactions- edited rate constants amp reaction products- iterated until ldquoself-consistentrdquo (~900 reactions)
bull Ran model- tested againstreintepreted exp results- analyzed sources of OH amp error
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Kinetic Modeling of Electron Beams
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 25
bull Software Kintecus Chemical ModelingPlug flow reactorhuge number of reactionsAccurate numerical integration
bull Input ParametersDose rate (Joules absorbedkg gas) from IBAInitial species concentrationsSet of reactions and rate constants
bull Outputs Concentrations vs timeSensitivity coefficients
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Technical Details
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 26
Technical Approach Discussion
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 27
High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products
Sponsor
Funding $799997 DOE ($206000 co-funding) two year effort
Objective Develop a direct electron beam (E-Beam) synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide using carbon dioxide (CO2) captured from a coal-fired power plant and methane (natural gas)
Team Member Rolesbull Overall project integration and managementbull Design construct the E-Beam reactor and the testing unitbull Conceptual design for coal-fired power plants with DEBS
bull Provide guidance in E-Beam reactor design and E-Beam accelerator for testing
bull Develop a kinetic model for the E-Beam reactor
DE-FE0029787
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 28
Project Objectives
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this project is to develop the Direct E-Beam Synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide at relatively low severity (pressure being near one atmosphere and temperatures of lt150degC) from near-pure CO2 captured from a pulverized coal (PC)-fired power plant and methane imported as natural gas Creating valuable products will offset the cost of carbon capture and storage (CCS) The high energy output from an electron beam (E-Beam) accelerator will be used to break chemical bonds The project comprises two budget periods (BP) of 9 and 15 months each for a total duration of 24 months
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 29
Project ObjectivesBP Objectives
1
bull Complete design and manufacture of testing skid with E-Beam reactor for testing at IBAbull Successful commissioning of DEBS equipment at GTI and IBA
bull Identify at least two catalysts to control the recombination and increase the yields for more valuableproducts
bull Develop preliminary predictive kinetic model to guide BP2 testing
2
bull Determine key operating parameters at various E-Beam energies to maximize the per pass conversion of CO2 to valuable products control selectivities between various products and minimize E-Beam energy requirements
bull Identify operating conditions and catalyst combinations to further control selectivities between products and minimize overall energy requirements
bull Review experimental data to optimize and improve preliminary kinetic model developed in BP1bull Complete data analysis and reporting of the experimental runs
bull Complete economical assessment techno-economic analysis and perform life cycle analysis for the process
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 30
Experiments will be conducted in non-catalytic as well as catalytic modes A kinetic model will be developed by SUNY based on the collected data and will be
used to predict the chemical performance of the DEBS process A conceptual design for coupling the DEBS process to a coal-fired power plant will
be developed
This project will expand on the concept of DEBS to Develop a commercially viable process Minimize E-Beam energy requirements Maximize CO2 conversion Selectively control the yield of more valuable products using
catalysts
Innovation non-equilibrium process that breaks bonds directly unlike conventional chemistry that requires heating the entire molecule
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 31
Current technology for the commercial production of acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide requires High temperatures and pressures Expensive catalysts in multiple process steps High capital and operating costs
The DEBS process uses high-energy electron beams to break chemical bonds allowing production of the desired chemicals at near-ambient pressure and temperatures and has been demonstrated by other research groups at bench-scale
Successfully combining DEBS technology with CO2 captured from coal-fired power plant flue gas provides a low-cost energy-efficient process to produce valuable chemicals and reduce emissions
Advantages Over Traditional Processes
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 32
Electron Beam Deposition into Gas
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 33
Electron Beam Primer
V = Voltage (eV)I = Current (amp)V x I = Power (watt)
1eV = Kinetic energy of an electron accelerated to 1 voltCharge of an electron = 1602 x 10-19 coulombs
1 coulomb = 625 x 1018 electrons
Current = ChargeTime1 amp = 1 coulomb 1 sec
1 eV x 1 amp= 1 watt = 1 Jsec1 eV = 1602 x 10-19 J
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 34
Electron Beam Primer
500keV amp 15mAsqin E-Beam on a 1 sq in areaE-Beam power = 750 watt or 750 Jsec
Each electron will have500000 x 1602 x 10-19 = 8 x 10-14 J of energy
E-Beam will have15 x 10-3 1602 x 10-19 = 93633 x 1015 electrons per second
Each electron has the potential to achieve ~100000 interactions
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 35
Industrial Accelerator Design (linear)
Typical Numbers in range of interest450 to 1000 keV25 to 250 mA11 - 100 kW1
Efficiency 45 ndash 602
1 Robert W Hamm RampM Technical Enterprises Inc 9th ICFA Seminar ndash October 30 20082 Applied Energetics httpwwwappliedenergeticscomdownloadsproduct-offeringsnested-high-voltage-generatorpdf3 Kim et Al amp NHV Japan amp Bulgaria Power Plant
Source of Electrons
Acceleration Modules
Electron beam
Large Scale Industrial Applications800 keV500 mA400 kW3
Efficiency up to 883
Vacuum
Foil
Target
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 36
Electron Beam Deposition
Maximum efficiency occurs when electron beam deposition depth is equal to reactor depthDeposition depth depends on these parametersbull Electron beam voltagebull Gas compositionbull Gas pressure (Limited by foil)bull Foil composition and thicknessre
acto
r dep
th=
d
ElectronBeam Voltage ndash Controls how FAR the electrons will go
Current - Controls how MANY electrons will go
Beam Energy
Beam
Dep
th
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 37
Electron Beam Deposition (continued)
Electron beam inVoltage VinCurrent IExposure time T
Electron beam outVoltage Vout = Vin - ∆VCurrent IExposure time T
Dose = ((Vin-Vout) times I times T) M
Dose = energy deposited per unit massUnit of dose 1 Joulekg = 1 Gray
mass M
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 38
Deposition into a Gas Flowing in a Reactor
Flow velocity v
Dose = (V (potential) times I (currentarea) times a (window area) v (velocity)) M (mass)
Mass M
ElectronBeam
e-beam window area = a
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
175 | 159 | 143 | 079 | 016 | 143 | 016 | 048 | 095 | 127 | 159 | 159 | ||||||||||||
143 | 079 | 063 | 063 | 032 | 095 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 095 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 095 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 048 | 063 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
127 | 111 | 063 | 095 | 159 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 238 | 111 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 175 | 19 | 175 | 19 | 111 | 111 | 143 | 143 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
19 | 206 | 206 | 222 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | 063 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
222 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 159 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
238 | 302 | 333 | 349 | 381 | 159 | 111 | 143 | 111 | 048 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
254 | 365 | 413 | 413 | 444 | 206 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 079 | 175 | 063 | ||||||||||||
317 | 429 | 46 | 476 | 46 | 254 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 238 | 079 | ||||||||||||
365 | 476 | 524 | 571 | 508 | 302 | 159 | 127 | 143 | 048 | 206 | 079 | ||||||||||||
413 | 556 | 619 | 667 | 571 | 381 | 175 | 127 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
476 | 635 | 714 | 73 | 635 | 429 | 222 | 159 | 19 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
556 | 714 | 825 | 825 | 73 | 46 | 254 | 175 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
635 | 825 | 952 | 937 | 81 | 54 | 286 | 175 | 159 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
698 | 984 | 1079 | 1032 | 873 | 603 | 333 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
73 | 1159 | 1238 | 1159 | 952 | 683 | 381 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 127 | 079 | ||||||||||||
778 | 1349 | 1429 | 1302 | 1111 | 73 | 429 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
857 | 1587 | 1603 | 1476 | 1238 | 81 | 476 | 27 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
952 | 1889 | 181 | 1651 | 1349 | 889 | 556 | 302 | 159 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1127 | 2238 | 2048 | 1841 | 146 | 984 | 603 | 317 | 19 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1397 | 2651 | 2317 | 2032 | 1603 | 1111 | 635 | 333 | 222 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1937 | 3095 | 2587 | 2238 | 1746 | 1222 | 698 | 381 | 222 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2968 | 3556 | 2889 | 246 | 1873 | 1302 | 762 | 429 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
4333 | 4063 | 3206 | 2667 | 2016 | 1397 | 825 | 46 | 254 | 048 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
5571 | 4603 | 3508 | 2873 | 2175 | 1556 | 889 | 476 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
6587 | 5127 | 3841 | 3079 | 2333 | 1667 | 10 | 524 | 238 | 032 | 175 | 111 | ||||||||||||
7556 | 5667 | 4175 | 3286 | 2492 | 173 | 1063 | 571 | 254 | 048 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
8587 | 6222 | 4476 | 3492 | 2603 | 1873 | 1095 | 603 | 27 | 048 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
9635 | 6746 | 4762 | 3714 | 273 | 2016 | 119 | 667 | 302 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
10619 | 7206 | 5048 | 3937 | 2889 | 2111 | 1286 | 698 | 333 | 095 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
11524 | 7635 | 5349 | 4143 | 3063 | 2222 | 1349 | 714 | 365 | 063 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12365 | 8079 | 5619 | 4317 | 319 | 2349 | 1413 | 762 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
13048 | 8508 | 5857 | 4508 | 3302 | 2444 | 1492 | 794 | 397 | 095 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13603 | 8825 | 6111 | 4667 | 3444 | 2508 | 1571 | 825 | 397 | 127 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14095 | 9095 | 6365 | 4841 | 3556 | 2635 | 1619 | 857 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14444 | 9365 | 6556 | 50 | 3683 | 2746 | 1683 | 921 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14746 | 9603 | 6714 | 5159 | 381 | 2794 | 1746 | 937 | 413 | 159 | 143 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15048 | 9841 | 6889 | 5286 | 3921 | 2873 | 181 | 968 | 444 | 175 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15349 | 10016 | 7079 | 5397 | 40 | 2968 | 1873 | 10 | 46 | 159 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15587 | 10206 | 7206 | 5508 | 4095 | 3032 | 1952 | 1048 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15778 | 10349 | 7317 | 5635 | 4159 | 3048 | 2016 | 1079 | 46 | 143 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
16048 | 10476 | 7444 | 573 | 4222 | 3127 | 2032 | 1095 | 492 | 127 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16571 | 10762 | 7587 | 5841 | 4333 | 3254 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16873 | 10889 | 7714 | 5905 | 4397 | 327 | 2127 | 1127 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17048 | 110 | 7825 | 5984 | 4429 | 3302 | 2143 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17524 | 11238 | 7968 | 6016 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17698 | 11381 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19016 | 1146 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 159 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18794 | 11476 | 7952 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 175 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17444 | 11206 | 7952 | 6032 | 4476 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12794 | 8333 | 5762 | 4429 | 327 | 2413 | 146 | 778 | 397 | 079 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
619 | 778 | 889 | 889 | 794 | 492 | 286 | 175 | 175 | 063 | 095 | 079 | ||||||||||||
524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
444 | 603 | 667 | 698 | 603 | 397 | 19 | 143 | 175 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
333 | 46 | 492 | 524 | 476 | 27 | 143 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 095 | ||||||||||||
286 | 413 | 444 | 444 | 444 | 238 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 079 | ||||||||||||
254 | 349 | 381 | 397 | 429 | 19 | 095 | 111 | 111 | 063 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Asia | 10 | ||
Europe | 30 | ||
USA | 60 | ||
Others | 13 | ||
Wire and Cable | 31 | ||
Shrink Tube | 17 | ||
Shrink Film | 24 | ||
Tires | 9 | ||
Service Centers | 6 |
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 20
SUNY - Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 21
SUNY-Environmental Science and Forestry
bull 8 Departments (Bio Paper Sci Forestry Landscape Arch Env Studies Sci Eng
bull 2000 undergrads 550 grad students
Chemistry MS and PhD bull Biochemistrybull Environmental Chemistrybull Organic Natural Products bull Polymer Chemistry
15 Faculty40 grad students
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 22
Professor of ChemistrySUNY-Environmental Science amp Forestry
(tsdibbleesfedu)bull SUNY-ESF
1 of 7 PhD-granting SUNY campusesLocated in Syracuse
bull My Training PhD (Physical Chemistry) U Michigan 1992
bull My Research Group 1 MS 1 PhD 1 undergrad(1 MS and 1 PhD student arriving in Fall)
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Theodore S Dibble
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 23
Research is 90 Kineticsbull Tools Experiment Theory Kinetic Models
Lasers to generate and monitor radicalsGas chromatography-mass spectrometryInfrared spectroscopyQuantum chemistry theoretical kineticsReaction mechanismsLarge kinetic models
bull TopicsAtmospheric ozone and mercuryCombustionElectron beams
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Research Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 24
Previous Work Humid Air (N2 O2 H2O)
Goal understand sources of OH radical (removes SO2 and NOx from flue gas)
bull Started with a published model- added reactions- edited rate constants amp reaction products- iterated until ldquoself-consistentrdquo (~900 reactions)
bull Ran model- tested againstreintepreted exp results- analyzed sources of OH amp error
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Kinetic Modeling of Electron Beams
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 25
bull Software Kintecus Chemical ModelingPlug flow reactorhuge number of reactionsAccurate numerical integration
bull Input ParametersDose rate (Joules absorbedkg gas) from IBAInitial species concentrationsSet of reactions and rate constants
bull Outputs Concentrations vs timeSensitivity coefficients
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Technical Details
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 26
Technical Approach Discussion
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 27
High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products
Sponsor
Funding $799997 DOE ($206000 co-funding) two year effort
Objective Develop a direct electron beam (E-Beam) synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide using carbon dioxide (CO2) captured from a coal-fired power plant and methane (natural gas)
Team Member Rolesbull Overall project integration and managementbull Design construct the E-Beam reactor and the testing unitbull Conceptual design for coal-fired power plants with DEBS
bull Provide guidance in E-Beam reactor design and E-Beam accelerator for testing
bull Develop a kinetic model for the E-Beam reactor
DE-FE0029787
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 28
Project Objectives
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this project is to develop the Direct E-Beam Synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide at relatively low severity (pressure being near one atmosphere and temperatures of lt150degC) from near-pure CO2 captured from a pulverized coal (PC)-fired power plant and methane imported as natural gas Creating valuable products will offset the cost of carbon capture and storage (CCS) The high energy output from an electron beam (E-Beam) accelerator will be used to break chemical bonds The project comprises two budget periods (BP) of 9 and 15 months each for a total duration of 24 months
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 29
Project ObjectivesBP Objectives
1
bull Complete design and manufacture of testing skid with E-Beam reactor for testing at IBAbull Successful commissioning of DEBS equipment at GTI and IBA
bull Identify at least two catalysts to control the recombination and increase the yields for more valuableproducts
bull Develop preliminary predictive kinetic model to guide BP2 testing
2
bull Determine key operating parameters at various E-Beam energies to maximize the per pass conversion of CO2 to valuable products control selectivities between various products and minimize E-Beam energy requirements
bull Identify operating conditions and catalyst combinations to further control selectivities between products and minimize overall energy requirements
bull Review experimental data to optimize and improve preliminary kinetic model developed in BP1bull Complete data analysis and reporting of the experimental runs
bull Complete economical assessment techno-economic analysis and perform life cycle analysis for the process
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 30
Experiments will be conducted in non-catalytic as well as catalytic modes A kinetic model will be developed by SUNY based on the collected data and will be
used to predict the chemical performance of the DEBS process A conceptual design for coupling the DEBS process to a coal-fired power plant will
be developed
This project will expand on the concept of DEBS to Develop a commercially viable process Minimize E-Beam energy requirements Maximize CO2 conversion Selectively control the yield of more valuable products using
catalysts
Innovation non-equilibrium process that breaks bonds directly unlike conventional chemistry that requires heating the entire molecule
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 31
Current technology for the commercial production of acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide requires High temperatures and pressures Expensive catalysts in multiple process steps High capital and operating costs
The DEBS process uses high-energy electron beams to break chemical bonds allowing production of the desired chemicals at near-ambient pressure and temperatures and has been demonstrated by other research groups at bench-scale
Successfully combining DEBS technology with CO2 captured from coal-fired power plant flue gas provides a low-cost energy-efficient process to produce valuable chemicals and reduce emissions
Advantages Over Traditional Processes
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 32
Electron Beam Deposition into Gas
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 33
Electron Beam Primer
V = Voltage (eV)I = Current (amp)V x I = Power (watt)
1eV = Kinetic energy of an electron accelerated to 1 voltCharge of an electron = 1602 x 10-19 coulombs
1 coulomb = 625 x 1018 electrons
Current = ChargeTime1 amp = 1 coulomb 1 sec
1 eV x 1 amp= 1 watt = 1 Jsec1 eV = 1602 x 10-19 J
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 34
Electron Beam Primer
500keV amp 15mAsqin E-Beam on a 1 sq in areaE-Beam power = 750 watt or 750 Jsec
Each electron will have500000 x 1602 x 10-19 = 8 x 10-14 J of energy
E-Beam will have15 x 10-3 1602 x 10-19 = 93633 x 1015 electrons per second
Each electron has the potential to achieve ~100000 interactions
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 35
Industrial Accelerator Design (linear)
Typical Numbers in range of interest450 to 1000 keV25 to 250 mA11 - 100 kW1
Efficiency 45 ndash 602
1 Robert W Hamm RampM Technical Enterprises Inc 9th ICFA Seminar ndash October 30 20082 Applied Energetics httpwwwappliedenergeticscomdownloadsproduct-offeringsnested-high-voltage-generatorpdf3 Kim et Al amp NHV Japan amp Bulgaria Power Plant
Source of Electrons
Acceleration Modules
Electron beam
Large Scale Industrial Applications800 keV500 mA400 kW3
Efficiency up to 883
Vacuum
Foil
Target
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 36
Electron Beam Deposition
Maximum efficiency occurs when electron beam deposition depth is equal to reactor depthDeposition depth depends on these parametersbull Electron beam voltagebull Gas compositionbull Gas pressure (Limited by foil)bull Foil composition and thicknessre
acto
r dep
th=
d
ElectronBeam Voltage ndash Controls how FAR the electrons will go
Current - Controls how MANY electrons will go
Beam Energy
Beam
Dep
th
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 37
Electron Beam Deposition (continued)
Electron beam inVoltage VinCurrent IExposure time T
Electron beam outVoltage Vout = Vin - ∆VCurrent IExposure time T
Dose = ((Vin-Vout) times I times T) M
Dose = energy deposited per unit massUnit of dose 1 Joulekg = 1 Gray
mass M
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 38
Deposition into a Gas Flowing in a Reactor
Flow velocity v
Dose = (V (potential) times I (currentarea) times a (window area) v (velocity)) M (mass)
Mass M
ElectronBeam
e-beam window area = a
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
175 | 159 | 143 | 079 | 016 | 143 | 016 | 048 | 095 | 127 | 159 | 159 | ||||||||||||
143 | 079 | 063 | 063 | 032 | 095 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 095 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 095 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 048 | 063 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
127 | 111 | 063 | 095 | 159 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 238 | 111 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 175 | 19 | 175 | 19 | 111 | 111 | 143 | 143 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
19 | 206 | 206 | 222 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | 063 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
222 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 159 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
238 | 302 | 333 | 349 | 381 | 159 | 111 | 143 | 111 | 048 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
254 | 365 | 413 | 413 | 444 | 206 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 079 | 175 | 063 | ||||||||||||
317 | 429 | 46 | 476 | 46 | 254 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 238 | 079 | ||||||||||||
365 | 476 | 524 | 571 | 508 | 302 | 159 | 127 | 143 | 048 | 206 | 079 | ||||||||||||
413 | 556 | 619 | 667 | 571 | 381 | 175 | 127 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
476 | 635 | 714 | 73 | 635 | 429 | 222 | 159 | 19 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
556 | 714 | 825 | 825 | 73 | 46 | 254 | 175 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
635 | 825 | 952 | 937 | 81 | 54 | 286 | 175 | 159 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
698 | 984 | 1079 | 1032 | 873 | 603 | 333 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
73 | 1159 | 1238 | 1159 | 952 | 683 | 381 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 127 | 079 | ||||||||||||
778 | 1349 | 1429 | 1302 | 1111 | 73 | 429 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
857 | 1587 | 1603 | 1476 | 1238 | 81 | 476 | 27 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
952 | 1889 | 181 | 1651 | 1349 | 889 | 556 | 302 | 159 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1127 | 2238 | 2048 | 1841 | 146 | 984 | 603 | 317 | 19 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1397 | 2651 | 2317 | 2032 | 1603 | 1111 | 635 | 333 | 222 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1937 | 3095 | 2587 | 2238 | 1746 | 1222 | 698 | 381 | 222 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2968 | 3556 | 2889 | 246 | 1873 | 1302 | 762 | 429 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
4333 | 4063 | 3206 | 2667 | 2016 | 1397 | 825 | 46 | 254 | 048 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
5571 | 4603 | 3508 | 2873 | 2175 | 1556 | 889 | 476 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
6587 | 5127 | 3841 | 3079 | 2333 | 1667 | 10 | 524 | 238 | 032 | 175 | 111 | ||||||||||||
7556 | 5667 | 4175 | 3286 | 2492 | 173 | 1063 | 571 | 254 | 048 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
8587 | 6222 | 4476 | 3492 | 2603 | 1873 | 1095 | 603 | 27 | 048 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
9635 | 6746 | 4762 | 3714 | 273 | 2016 | 119 | 667 | 302 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
10619 | 7206 | 5048 | 3937 | 2889 | 2111 | 1286 | 698 | 333 | 095 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
11524 | 7635 | 5349 | 4143 | 3063 | 2222 | 1349 | 714 | 365 | 063 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12365 | 8079 | 5619 | 4317 | 319 | 2349 | 1413 | 762 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
13048 | 8508 | 5857 | 4508 | 3302 | 2444 | 1492 | 794 | 397 | 095 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13603 | 8825 | 6111 | 4667 | 3444 | 2508 | 1571 | 825 | 397 | 127 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14095 | 9095 | 6365 | 4841 | 3556 | 2635 | 1619 | 857 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14444 | 9365 | 6556 | 50 | 3683 | 2746 | 1683 | 921 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14746 | 9603 | 6714 | 5159 | 381 | 2794 | 1746 | 937 | 413 | 159 | 143 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15048 | 9841 | 6889 | 5286 | 3921 | 2873 | 181 | 968 | 444 | 175 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15349 | 10016 | 7079 | 5397 | 40 | 2968 | 1873 | 10 | 46 | 159 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15587 | 10206 | 7206 | 5508 | 4095 | 3032 | 1952 | 1048 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15778 | 10349 | 7317 | 5635 | 4159 | 3048 | 2016 | 1079 | 46 | 143 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
16048 | 10476 | 7444 | 573 | 4222 | 3127 | 2032 | 1095 | 492 | 127 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16571 | 10762 | 7587 | 5841 | 4333 | 3254 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16873 | 10889 | 7714 | 5905 | 4397 | 327 | 2127 | 1127 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17048 | 110 | 7825 | 5984 | 4429 | 3302 | 2143 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17524 | 11238 | 7968 | 6016 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17698 | 11381 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19016 | 1146 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 159 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18794 | 11476 | 7952 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 175 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17444 | 11206 | 7952 | 6032 | 4476 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12794 | 8333 | 5762 | 4429 | 327 | 2413 | 146 | 778 | 397 | 079 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
619 | 778 | 889 | 889 | 794 | 492 | 286 | 175 | 175 | 063 | 095 | 079 | ||||||||||||
524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
444 | 603 | 667 | 698 | 603 | 397 | 19 | 143 | 175 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
333 | 46 | 492 | 524 | 476 | 27 | 143 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 095 | ||||||||||||
286 | 413 | 444 | 444 | 444 | 238 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 079 | ||||||||||||
254 | 349 | 381 | 397 | 429 | 19 | 095 | 111 | 111 | 063 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 20
SUNY - Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 21
SUNY-Environmental Science and Forestry
bull 8 Departments (Bio Paper Sci Forestry Landscape Arch Env Studies Sci Eng
bull 2000 undergrads 550 grad students
Chemistry MS and PhD bull Biochemistrybull Environmental Chemistrybull Organic Natural Products bull Polymer Chemistry
15 Faculty40 grad students
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 22
Professor of ChemistrySUNY-Environmental Science amp Forestry
(tsdibbleesfedu)bull SUNY-ESF
1 of 7 PhD-granting SUNY campusesLocated in Syracuse
bull My Training PhD (Physical Chemistry) U Michigan 1992
bull My Research Group 1 MS 1 PhD 1 undergrad(1 MS and 1 PhD student arriving in Fall)
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Theodore S Dibble
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 23
Research is 90 Kineticsbull Tools Experiment Theory Kinetic Models
Lasers to generate and monitor radicalsGas chromatography-mass spectrometryInfrared spectroscopyQuantum chemistry theoretical kineticsReaction mechanismsLarge kinetic models
bull TopicsAtmospheric ozone and mercuryCombustionElectron beams
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Research Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 24
Previous Work Humid Air (N2 O2 H2O)
Goal understand sources of OH radical (removes SO2 and NOx from flue gas)
bull Started with a published model- added reactions- edited rate constants amp reaction products- iterated until ldquoself-consistentrdquo (~900 reactions)
bull Ran model- tested againstreintepreted exp results- analyzed sources of OH amp error
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Kinetic Modeling of Electron Beams
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 25
bull Software Kintecus Chemical ModelingPlug flow reactorhuge number of reactionsAccurate numerical integration
bull Input ParametersDose rate (Joules absorbedkg gas) from IBAInitial species concentrationsSet of reactions and rate constants
bull Outputs Concentrations vs timeSensitivity coefficients
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Technical Details
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 26
Technical Approach Discussion
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 27
High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products
Sponsor
Funding $799997 DOE ($206000 co-funding) two year effort
Objective Develop a direct electron beam (E-Beam) synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide using carbon dioxide (CO2) captured from a coal-fired power plant and methane (natural gas)
Team Member Rolesbull Overall project integration and managementbull Design construct the E-Beam reactor and the testing unitbull Conceptual design for coal-fired power plants with DEBS
bull Provide guidance in E-Beam reactor design and E-Beam accelerator for testing
bull Develop a kinetic model for the E-Beam reactor
DE-FE0029787
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 28
Project Objectives
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this project is to develop the Direct E-Beam Synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide at relatively low severity (pressure being near one atmosphere and temperatures of lt150degC) from near-pure CO2 captured from a pulverized coal (PC)-fired power plant and methane imported as natural gas Creating valuable products will offset the cost of carbon capture and storage (CCS) The high energy output from an electron beam (E-Beam) accelerator will be used to break chemical bonds The project comprises two budget periods (BP) of 9 and 15 months each for a total duration of 24 months
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 29
Project ObjectivesBP Objectives
1
bull Complete design and manufacture of testing skid with E-Beam reactor for testing at IBAbull Successful commissioning of DEBS equipment at GTI and IBA
bull Identify at least two catalysts to control the recombination and increase the yields for more valuableproducts
bull Develop preliminary predictive kinetic model to guide BP2 testing
2
bull Determine key operating parameters at various E-Beam energies to maximize the per pass conversion of CO2 to valuable products control selectivities between various products and minimize E-Beam energy requirements
bull Identify operating conditions and catalyst combinations to further control selectivities between products and minimize overall energy requirements
bull Review experimental data to optimize and improve preliminary kinetic model developed in BP1bull Complete data analysis and reporting of the experimental runs
bull Complete economical assessment techno-economic analysis and perform life cycle analysis for the process
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 30
Experiments will be conducted in non-catalytic as well as catalytic modes A kinetic model will be developed by SUNY based on the collected data and will be
used to predict the chemical performance of the DEBS process A conceptual design for coupling the DEBS process to a coal-fired power plant will
be developed
This project will expand on the concept of DEBS to Develop a commercially viable process Minimize E-Beam energy requirements Maximize CO2 conversion Selectively control the yield of more valuable products using
catalysts
Innovation non-equilibrium process that breaks bonds directly unlike conventional chemistry that requires heating the entire molecule
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 31
Current technology for the commercial production of acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide requires High temperatures and pressures Expensive catalysts in multiple process steps High capital and operating costs
The DEBS process uses high-energy electron beams to break chemical bonds allowing production of the desired chemicals at near-ambient pressure and temperatures and has been demonstrated by other research groups at bench-scale
Successfully combining DEBS technology with CO2 captured from coal-fired power plant flue gas provides a low-cost energy-efficient process to produce valuable chemicals and reduce emissions
Advantages Over Traditional Processes
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 32
Electron Beam Deposition into Gas
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 33
Electron Beam Primer
V = Voltage (eV)I = Current (amp)V x I = Power (watt)
1eV = Kinetic energy of an electron accelerated to 1 voltCharge of an electron = 1602 x 10-19 coulombs
1 coulomb = 625 x 1018 electrons
Current = ChargeTime1 amp = 1 coulomb 1 sec
1 eV x 1 amp= 1 watt = 1 Jsec1 eV = 1602 x 10-19 J
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 34
Electron Beam Primer
500keV amp 15mAsqin E-Beam on a 1 sq in areaE-Beam power = 750 watt or 750 Jsec
Each electron will have500000 x 1602 x 10-19 = 8 x 10-14 J of energy
E-Beam will have15 x 10-3 1602 x 10-19 = 93633 x 1015 electrons per second
Each electron has the potential to achieve ~100000 interactions
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 35
Industrial Accelerator Design (linear)
Typical Numbers in range of interest450 to 1000 keV25 to 250 mA11 - 100 kW1
Efficiency 45 ndash 602
1 Robert W Hamm RampM Technical Enterprises Inc 9th ICFA Seminar ndash October 30 20082 Applied Energetics httpwwwappliedenergeticscomdownloadsproduct-offeringsnested-high-voltage-generatorpdf3 Kim et Al amp NHV Japan amp Bulgaria Power Plant
Source of Electrons
Acceleration Modules
Electron beam
Large Scale Industrial Applications800 keV500 mA400 kW3
Efficiency up to 883
Vacuum
Foil
Target
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 36
Electron Beam Deposition
Maximum efficiency occurs when electron beam deposition depth is equal to reactor depthDeposition depth depends on these parametersbull Electron beam voltagebull Gas compositionbull Gas pressure (Limited by foil)bull Foil composition and thicknessre
acto
r dep
th=
d
ElectronBeam Voltage ndash Controls how FAR the electrons will go
Current - Controls how MANY electrons will go
Beam Energy
Beam
Dep
th
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 37
Electron Beam Deposition (continued)
Electron beam inVoltage VinCurrent IExposure time T
Electron beam outVoltage Vout = Vin - ∆VCurrent IExposure time T
Dose = ((Vin-Vout) times I times T) M
Dose = energy deposited per unit massUnit of dose 1 Joulekg = 1 Gray
mass M
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 38
Deposition into a Gas Flowing in a Reactor
Flow velocity v
Dose = (V (potential) times I (currentarea) times a (window area) v (velocity)) M (mass)
Mass M
ElectronBeam
e-beam window area = a
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
175 | 159 | 143 | 079 | 016 | 143 | 016 | 048 | 095 | 127 | 159 | 159 | ||||||||||||
143 | 079 | 063 | 063 | 032 | 095 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 095 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 095 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 048 | 063 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
127 | 111 | 063 | 095 | 159 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 238 | 111 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 175 | 19 | 175 | 19 | 111 | 111 | 143 | 143 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
19 | 206 | 206 | 222 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | 063 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
222 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 159 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
238 | 302 | 333 | 349 | 381 | 159 | 111 | 143 | 111 | 048 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
254 | 365 | 413 | 413 | 444 | 206 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 079 | 175 | 063 | ||||||||||||
317 | 429 | 46 | 476 | 46 | 254 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 238 | 079 | ||||||||||||
365 | 476 | 524 | 571 | 508 | 302 | 159 | 127 | 143 | 048 | 206 | 079 | ||||||||||||
413 | 556 | 619 | 667 | 571 | 381 | 175 | 127 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
476 | 635 | 714 | 73 | 635 | 429 | 222 | 159 | 19 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
556 | 714 | 825 | 825 | 73 | 46 | 254 | 175 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
635 | 825 | 952 | 937 | 81 | 54 | 286 | 175 | 159 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
698 | 984 | 1079 | 1032 | 873 | 603 | 333 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
73 | 1159 | 1238 | 1159 | 952 | 683 | 381 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 127 | 079 | ||||||||||||
778 | 1349 | 1429 | 1302 | 1111 | 73 | 429 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
857 | 1587 | 1603 | 1476 | 1238 | 81 | 476 | 27 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
952 | 1889 | 181 | 1651 | 1349 | 889 | 556 | 302 | 159 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1127 | 2238 | 2048 | 1841 | 146 | 984 | 603 | 317 | 19 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1397 | 2651 | 2317 | 2032 | 1603 | 1111 | 635 | 333 | 222 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1937 | 3095 | 2587 | 2238 | 1746 | 1222 | 698 | 381 | 222 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2968 | 3556 | 2889 | 246 | 1873 | 1302 | 762 | 429 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
4333 | 4063 | 3206 | 2667 | 2016 | 1397 | 825 | 46 | 254 | 048 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
5571 | 4603 | 3508 | 2873 | 2175 | 1556 | 889 | 476 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
6587 | 5127 | 3841 | 3079 | 2333 | 1667 | 10 | 524 | 238 | 032 | 175 | 111 | ||||||||||||
7556 | 5667 | 4175 | 3286 | 2492 | 173 | 1063 | 571 | 254 | 048 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
8587 | 6222 | 4476 | 3492 | 2603 | 1873 | 1095 | 603 | 27 | 048 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
9635 | 6746 | 4762 | 3714 | 273 | 2016 | 119 | 667 | 302 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
10619 | 7206 | 5048 | 3937 | 2889 | 2111 | 1286 | 698 | 333 | 095 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
11524 | 7635 | 5349 | 4143 | 3063 | 2222 | 1349 | 714 | 365 | 063 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12365 | 8079 | 5619 | 4317 | 319 | 2349 | 1413 | 762 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
13048 | 8508 | 5857 | 4508 | 3302 | 2444 | 1492 | 794 | 397 | 095 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13603 | 8825 | 6111 | 4667 | 3444 | 2508 | 1571 | 825 | 397 | 127 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14095 | 9095 | 6365 | 4841 | 3556 | 2635 | 1619 | 857 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14444 | 9365 | 6556 | 50 | 3683 | 2746 | 1683 | 921 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14746 | 9603 | 6714 | 5159 | 381 | 2794 | 1746 | 937 | 413 | 159 | 143 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15048 | 9841 | 6889 | 5286 | 3921 | 2873 | 181 | 968 | 444 | 175 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15349 | 10016 | 7079 | 5397 | 40 | 2968 | 1873 | 10 | 46 | 159 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15587 | 10206 | 7206 | 5508 | 4095 | 3032 | 1952 | 1048 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15778 | 10349 | 7317 | 5635 | 4159 | 3048 | 2016 | 1079 | 46 | 143 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
16048 | 10476 | 7444 | 573 | 4222 | 3127 | 2032 | 1095 | 492 | 127 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16571 | 10762 | 7587 | 5841 | 4333 | 3254 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16873 | 10889 | 7714 | 5905 | 4397 | 327 | 2127 | 1127 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17048 | 110 | 7825 | 5984 | 4429 | 3302 | 2143 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17524 | 11238 | 7968 | 6016 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17698 | 11381 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19016 | 1146 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 159 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18794 | 11476 | 7952 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 175 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17444 | 11206 | 7952 | 6032 | 4476 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12794 | 8333 | 5762 | 4429 | 327 | 2413 | 146 | 778 | 397 | 079 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
619 | 778 | 889 | 889 | 794 | 492 | 286 | 175 | 175 | 063 | 095 | 079 | ||||||||||||
524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
444 | 603 | 667 | 698 | 603 | 397 | 19 | 143 | 175 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
333 | 46 | 492 | 524 | 476 | 27 | 143 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 095 | ||||||||||||
286 | 413 | 444 | 444 | 444 | 238 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 079 | ||||||||||||
254 | 349 | 381 | 397 | 429 | 19 | 095 | 111 | 111 | 063 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 20
SUNY - Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 21
SUNY-Environmental Science and Forestry
bull 8 Departments (Bio Paper Sci Forestry Landscape Arch Env Studies Sci Eng
bull 2000 undergrads 550 grad students
Chemistry MS and PhD bull Biochemistrybull Environmental Chemistrybull Organic Natural Products bull Polymer Chemistry
15 Faculty40 grad students
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 22
Professor of ChemistrySUNY-Environmental Science amp Forestry
(tsdibbleesfedu)bull SUNY-ESF
1 of 7 PhD-granting SUNY campusesLocated in Syracuse
bull My Training PhD (Physical Chemistry) U Michigan 1992
bull My Research Group 1 MS 1 PhD 1 undergrad(1 MS and 1 PhD student arriving in Fall)
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Theodore S Dibble
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 23
Research is 90 Kineticsbull Tools Experiment Theory Kinetic Models
Lasers to generate and monitor radicalsGas chromatography-mass spectrometryInfrared spectroscopyQuantum chemistry theoretical kineticsReaction mechanismsLarge kinetic models
bull TopicsAtmospheric ozone and mercuryCombustionElectron beams
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Research Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 24
Previous Work Humid Air (N2 O2 H2O)
Goal understand sources of OH radical (removes SO2 and NOx from flue gas)
bull Started with a published model- added reactions- edited rate constants amp reaction products- iterated until ldquoself-consistentrdquo (~900 reactions)
bull Ran model- tested againstreintepreted exp results- analyzed sources of OH amp error
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Kinetic Modeling of Electron Beams
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 25
bull Software Kintecus Chemical ModelingPlug flow reactorhuge number of reactionsAccurate numerical integration
bull Input ParametersDose rate (Joules absorbedkg gas) from IBAInitial species concentrationsSet of reactions and rate constants
bull Outputs Concentrations vs timeSensitivity coefficients
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Technical Details
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 26
Technical Approach Discussion
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 27
High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products
Sponsor
Funding $799997 DOE ($206000 co-funding) two year effort
Objective Develop a direct electron beam (E-Beam) synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide using carbon dioxide (CO2) captured from a coal-fired power plant and methane (natural gas)
Team Member Rolesbull Overall project integration and managementbull Design construct the E-Beam reactor and the testing unitbull Conceptual design for coal-fired power plants with DEBS
bull Provide guidance in E-Beam reactor design and E-Beam accelerator for testing
bull Develop a kinetic model for the E-Beam reactor
DE-FE0029787
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 28
Project Objectives
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this project is to develop the Direct E-Beam Synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide at relatively low severity (pressure being near one atmosphere and temperatures of lt150degC) from near-pure CO2 captured from a pulverized coal (PC)-fired power plant and methane imported as natural gas Creating valuable products will offset the cost of carbon capture and storage (CCS) The high energy output from an electron beam (E-Beam) accelerator will be used to break chemical bonds The project comprises two budget periods (BP) of 9 and 15 months each for a total duration of 24 months
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 29
Project ObjectivesBP Objectives
1
bull Complete design and manufacture of testing skid with E-Beam reactor for testing at IBAbull Successful commissioning of DEBS equipment at GTI and IBA
bull Identify at least two catalysts to control the recombination and increase the yields for more valuableproducts
bull Develop preliminary predictive kinetic model to guide BP2 testing
2
bull Determine key operating parameters at various E-Beam energies to maximize the per pass conversion of CO2 to valuable products control selectivities between various products and minimize E-Beam energy requirements
bull Identify operating conditions and catalyst combinations to further control selectivities between products and minimize overall energy requirements
bull Review experimental data to optimize and improve preliminary kinetic model developed in BP1bull Complete data analysis and reporting of the experimental runs
bull Complete economical assessment techno-economic analysis and perform life cycle analysis for the process
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 30
Experiments will be conducted in non-catalytic as well as catalytic modes A kinetic model will be developed by SUNY based on the collected data and will be
used to predict the chemical performance of the DEBS process A conceptual design for coupling the DEBS process to a coal-fired power plant will
be developed
This project will expand on the concept of DEBS to Develop a commercially viable process Minimize E-Beam energy requirements Maximize CO2 conversion Selectively control the yield of more valuable products using
catalysts
Innovation non-equilibrium process that breaks bonds directly unlike conventional chemistry that requires heating the entire molecule
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 31
Current technology for the commercial production of acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide requires High temperatures and pressures Expensive catalysts in multiple process steps High capital and operating costs
The DEBS process uses high-energy electron beams to break chemical bonds allowing production of the desired chemicals at near-ambient pressure and temperatures and has been demonstrated by other research groups at bench-scale
Successfully combining DEBS technology with CO2 captured from coal-fired power plant flue gas provides a low-cost energy-efficient process to produce valuable chemicals and reduce emissions
Advantages Over Traditional Processes
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 32
Electron Beam Deposition into Gas
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 33
Electron Beam Primer
V = Voltage (eV)I = Current (amp)V x I = Power (watt)
1eV = Kinetic energy of an electron accelerated to 1 voltCharge of an electron = 1602 x 10-19 coulombs
1 coulomb = 625 x 1018 electrons
Current = ChargeTime1 amp = 1 coulomb 1 sec
1 eV x 1 amp= 1 watt = 1 Jsec1 eV = 1602 x 10-19 J
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 34
Electron Beam Primer
500keV amp 15mAsqin E-Beam on a 1 sq in areaE-Beam power = 750 watt or 750 Jsec
Each electron will have500000 x 1602 x 10-19 = 8 x 10-14 J of energy
E-Beam will have15 x 10-3 1602 x 10-19 = 93633 x 1015 electrons per second
Each electron has the potential to achieve ~100000 interactions
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 35
Industrial Accelerator Design (linear)
Typical Numbers in range of interest450 to 1000 keV25 to 250 mA11 - 100 kW1
Efficiency 45 ndash 602
1 Robert W Hamm RampM Technical Enterprises Inc 9th ICFA Seminar ndash October 30 20082 Applied Energetics httpwwwappliedenergeticscomdownloadsproduct-offeringsnested-high-voltage-generatorpdf3 Kim et Al amp NHV Japan amp Bulgaria Power Plant
Source of Electrons
Acceleration Modules
Electron beam
Large Scale Industrial Applications800 keV500 mA400 kW3
Efficiency up to 883
Vacuum
Foil
Target
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 36
Electron Beam Deposition
Maximum efficiency occurs when electron beam deposition depth is equal to reactor depthDeposition depth depends on these parametersbull Electron beam voltagebull Gas compositionbull Gas pressure (Limited by foil)bull Foil composition and thicknessre
acto
r dep
th=
d
ElectronBeam Voltage ndash Controls how FAR the electrons will go
Current - Controls how MANY electrons will go
Beam Energy
Beam
Dep
th
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 37
Electron Beam Deposition (continued)
Electron beam inVoltage VinCurrent IExposure time T
Electron beam outVoltage Vout = Vin - ∆VCurrent IExposure time T
Dose = ((Vin-Vout) times I times T) M
Dose = energy deposited per unit massUnit of dose 1 Joulekg = 1 Gray
mass M
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 38
Deposition into a Gas Flowing in a Reactor
Flow velocity v
Dose = (V (potential) times I (currentarea) times a (window area) v (velocity)) M (mass)
Mass M
ElectronBeam
e-beam window area = a
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
175 | 159 | 143 | 079 | 016 | 143 | 016 | 048 | 095 | 127 | 159 | 159 | ||||||||||||
143 | 079 | 063 | 063 | 032 | 095 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 095 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 095 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 048 | 063 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
127 | 111 | 063 | 095 | 159 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 238 | 111 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 175 | 19 | 175 | 19 | 111 | 111 | 143 | 143 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
19 | 206 | 206 | 222 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | 063 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
222 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 159 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
238 | 302 | 333 | 349 | 381 | 159 | 111 | 143 | 111 | 048 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
254 | 365 | 413 | 413 | 444 | 206 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 079 | 175 | 063 | ||||||||||||
317 | 429 | 46 | 476 | 46 | 254 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 238 | 079 | ||||||||||||
365 | 476 | 524 | 571 | 508 | 302 | 159 | 127 | 143 | 048 | 206 | 079 | ||||||||||||
413 | 556 | 619 | 667 | 571 | 381 | 175 | 127 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
476 | 635 | 714 | 73 | 635 | 429 | 222 | 159 | 19 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
556 | 714 | 825 | 825 | 73 | 46 | 254 | 175 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
635 | 825 | 952 | 937 | 81 | 54 | 286 | 175 | 159 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
698 | 984 | 1079 | 1032 | 873 | 603 | 333 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
73 | 1159 | 1238 | 1159 | 952 | 683 | 381 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 127 | 079 | ||||||||||||
778 | 1349 | 1429 | 1302 | 1111 | 73 | 429 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
857 | 1587 | 1603 | 1476 | 1238 | 81 | 476 | 27 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
952 | 1889 | 181 | 1651 | 1349 | 889 | 556 | 302 | 159 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1127 | 2238 | 2048 | 1841 | 146 | 984 | 603 | 317 | 19 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1397 | 2651 | 2317 | 2032 | 1603 | 1111 | 635 | 333 | 222 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1937 | 3095 | 2587 | 2238 | 1746 | 1222 | 698 | 381 | 222 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2968 | 3556 | 2889 | 246 | 1873 | 1302 | 762 | 429 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
4333 | 4063 | 3206 | 2667 | 2016 | 1397 | 825 | 46 | 254 | 048 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
5571 | 4603 | 3508 | 2873 | 2175 | 1556 | 889 | 476 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
6587 | 5127 | 3841 | 3079 | 2333 | 1667 | 10 | 524 | 238 | 032 | 175 | 111 | ||||||||||||
7556 | 5667 | 4175 | 3286 | 2492 | 173 | 1063 | 571 | 254 | 048 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
8587 | 6222 | 4476 | 3492 | 2603 | 1873 | 1095 | 603 | 27 | 048 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
9635 | 6746 | 4762 | 3714 | 273 | 2016 | 119 | 667 | 302 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
10619 | 7206 | 5048 | 3937 | 2889 | 2111 | 1286 | 698 | 333 | 095 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
11524 | 7635 | 5349 | 4143 | 3063 | 2222 | 1349 | 714 | 365 | 063 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12365 | 8079 | 5619 | 4317 | 319 | 2349 | 1413 | 762 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
13048 | 8508 | 5857 | 4508 | 3302 | 2444 | 1492 | 794 | 397 | 095 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13603 | 8825 | 6111 | 4667 | 3444 | 2508 | 1571 | 825 | 397 | 127 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14095 | 9095 | 6365 | 4841 | 3556 | 2635 | 1619 | 857 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14444 | 9365 | 6556 | 50 | 3683 | 2746 | 1683 | 921 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14746 | 9603 | 6714 | 5159 | 381 | 2794 | 1746 | 937 | 413 | 159 | 143 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15048 | 9841 | 6889 | 5286 | 3921 | 2873 | 181 | 968 | 444 | 175 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15349 | 10016 | 7079 | 5397 | 40 | 2968 | 1873 | 10 | 46 | 159 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15587 | 10206 | 7206 | 5508 | 4095 | 3032 | 1952 | 1048 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15778 | 10349 | 7317 | 5635 | 4159 | 3048 | 2016 | 1079 | 46 | 143 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
16048 | 10476 | 7444 | 573 | 4222 | 3127 | 2032 | 1095 | 492 | 127 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16571 | 10762 | 7587 | 5841 | 4333 | 3254 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16873 | 10889 | 7714 | 5905 | 4397 | 327 | 2127 | 1127 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17048 | 110 | 7825 | 5984 | 4429 | 3302 | 2143 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17524 | 11238 | 7968 | 6016 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17698 | 11381 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19016 | 1146 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 159 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18794 | 11476 | 7952 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 175 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17444 | 11206 | 7952 | 6032 | 4476 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12794 | 8333 | 5762 | 4429 | 327 | 2413 | 146 | 778 | 397 | 079 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
619 | 778 | 889 | 889 | 794 | 492 | 286 | 175 | 175 | 063 | 095 | 079 | ||||||||||||
524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
444 | 603 | 667 | 698 | 603 | 397 | 19 | 143 | 175 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
333 | 46 | 492 | 524 | 476 | 27 | 143 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 095 | ||||||||||||
286 | 413 | 444 | 444 | 444 | 238 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 079 | ||||||||||||
254 | 349 | 381 | 397 | 429 | 19 | 095 | 111 | 111 | 063 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 21
SUNY-Environmental Science and Forestry
bull 8 Departments (Bio Paper Sci Forestry Landscape Arch Env Studies Sci Eng
bull 2000 undergrads 550 grad students
Chemistry MS and PhD bull Biochemistrybull Environmental Chemistrybull Organic Natural Products bull Polymer Chemistry
15 Faculty40 grad students
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 22
Professor of ChemistrySUNY-Environmental Science amp Forestry
(tsdibbleesfedu)bull SUNY-ESF
1 of 7 PhD-granting SUNY campusesLocated in Syracuse
bull My Training PhD (Physical Chemistry) U Michigan 1992
bull My Research Group 1 MS 1 PhD 1 undergrad(1 MS and 1 PhD student arriving in Fall)
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Theodore S Dibble
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 23
Research is 90 Kineticsbull Tools Experiment Theory Kinetic Models
Lasers to generate and monitor radicalsGas chromatography-mass spectrometryInfrared spectroscopyQuantum chemistry theoretical kineticsReaction mechanismsLarge kinetic models
bull TopicsAtmospheric ozone and mercuryCombustionElectron beams
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Research Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 24
Previous Work Humid Air (N2 O2 H2O)
Goal understand sources of OH radical (removes SO2 and NOx from flue gas)
bull Started with a published model- added reactions- edited rate constants amp reaction products- iterated until ldquoself-consistentrdquo (~900 reactions)
bull Ran model- tested againstreintepreted exp results- analyzed sources of OH amp error
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Kinetic Modeling of Electron Beams
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 25
bull Software Kintecus Chemical ModelingPlug flow reactorhuge number of reactionsAccurate numerical integration
bull Input ParametersDose rate (Joules absorbedkg gas) from IBAInitial species concentrationsSet of reactions and rate constants
bull Outputs Concentrations vs timeSensitivity coefficients
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Technical Details
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 26
Technical Approach Discussion
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 27
High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products
Sponsor
Funding $799997 DOE ($206000 co-funding) two year effort
Objective Develop a direct electron beam (E-Beam) synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide using carbon dioxide (CO2) captured from a coal-fired power plant and methane (natural gas)
Team Member Rolesbull Overall project integration and managementbull Design construct the E-Beam reactor and the testing unitbull Conceptual design for coal-fired power plants with DEBS
bull Provide guidance in E-Beam reactor design and E-Beam accelerator for testing
bull Develop a kinetic model for the E-Beam reactor
DE-FE0029787
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 28
Project Objectives
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this project is to develop the Direct E-Beam Synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide at relatively low severity (pressure being near one atmosphere and temperatures of lt150degC) from near-pure CO2 captured from a pulverized coal (PC)-fired power plant and methane imported as natural gas Creating valuable products will offset the cost of carbon capture and storage (CCS) The high energy output from an electron beam (E-Beam) accelerator will be used to break chemical bonds The project comprises two budget periods (BP) of 9 and 15 months each for a total duration of 24 months
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 29
Project ObjectivesBP Objectives
1
bull Complete design and manufacture of testing skid with E-Beam reactor for testing at IBAbull Successful commissioning of DEBS equipment at GTI and IBA
bull Identify at least two catalysts to control the recombination and increase the yields for more valuableproducts
bull Develop preliminary predictive kinetic model to guide BP2 testing
2
bull Determine key operating parameters at various E-Beam energies to maximize the per pass conversion of CO2 to valuable products control selectivities between various products and minimize E-Beam energy requirements
bull Identify operating conditions and catalyst combinations to further control selectivities between products and minimize overall energy requirements
bull Review experimental data to optimize and improve preliminary kinetic model developed in BP1bull Complete data analysis and reporting of the experimental runs
bull Complete economical assessment techno-economic analysis and perform life cycle analysis for the process
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 30
Experiments will be conducted in non-catalytic as well as catalytic modes A kinetic model will be developed by SUNY based on the collected data and will be
used to predict the chemical performance of the DEBS process A conceptual design for coupling the DEBS process to a coal-fired power plant will
be developed
This project will expand on the concept of DEBS to Develop a commercially viable process Minimize E-Beam energy requirements Maximize CO2 conversion Selectively control the yield of more valuable products using
catalysts
Innovation non-equilibrium process that breaks bonds directly unlike conventional chemistry that requires heating the entire molecule
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 31
Current technology for the commercial production of acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide requires High temperatures and pressures Expensive catalysts in multiple process steps High capital and operating costs
The DEBS process uses high-energy electron beams to break chemical bonds allowing production of the desired chemicals at near-ambient pressure and temperatures and has been demonstrated by other research groups at bench-scale
Successfully combining DEBS technology with CO2 captured from coal-fired power plant flue gas provides a low-cost energy-efficient process to produce valuable chemicals and reduce emissions
Advantages Over Traditional Processes
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 32
Electron Beam Deposition into Gas
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 33
Electron Beam Primer
V = Voltage (eV)I = Current (amp)V x I = Power (watt)
1eV = Kinetic energy of an electron accelerated to 1 voltCharge of an electron = 1602 x 10-19 coulombs
1 coulomb = 625 x 1018 electrons
Current = ChargeTime1 amp = 1 coulomb 1 sec
1 eV x 1 amp= 1 watt = 1 Jsec1 eV = 1602 x 10-19 J
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 34
Electron Beam Primer
500keV amp 15mAsqin E-Beam on a 1 sq in areaE-Beam power = 750 watt or 750 Jsec
Each electron will have500000 x 1602 x 10-19 = 8 x 10-14 J of energy
E-Beam will have15 x 10-3 1602 x 10-19 = 93633 x 1015 electrons per second
Each electron has the potential to achieve ~100000 interactions
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 35
Industrial Accelerator Design (linear)
Typical Numbers in range of interest450 to 1000 keV25 to 250 mA11 - 100 kW1
Efficiency 45 ndash 602
1 Robert W Hamm RampM Technical Enterprises Inc 9th ICFA Seminar ndash October 30 20082 Applied Energetics httpwwwappliedenergeticscomdownloadsproduct-offeringsnested-high-voltage-generatorpdf3 Kim et Al amp NHV Japan amp Bulgaria Power Plant
Source of Electrons
Acceleration Modules
Electron beam
Large Scale Industrial Applications800 keV500 mA400 kW3
Efficiency up to 883
Vacuum
Foil
Target
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 36
Electron Beam Deposition
Maximum efficiency occurs when electron beam deposition depth is equal to reactor depthDeposition depth depends on these parametersbull Electron beam voltagebull Gas compositionbull Gas pressure (Limited by foil)bull Foil composition and thicknessre
acto
r dep
th=
d
ElectronBeam Voltage ndash Controls how FAR the electrons will go
Current - Controls how MANY electrons will go
Beam Energy
Beam
Dep
th
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 37
Electron Beam Deposition (continued)
Electron beam inVoltage VinCurrent IExposure time T
Electron beam outVoltage Vout = Vin - ∆VCurrent IExposure time T
Dose = ((Vin-Vout) times I times T) M
Dose = energy deposited per unit massUnit of dose 1 Joulekg = 1 Gray
mass M
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 38
Deposition into a Gas Flowing in a Reactor
Flow velocity v
Dose = (V (potential) times I (currentarea) times a (window area) v (velocity)) M (mass)
Mass M
ElectronBeam
e-beam window area = a
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
175 | 159 | 143 | 079 | 016 | 143 | 016 | 048 | 095 | 127 | 159 | 159 | ||||||||||||
143 | 079 | 063 | 063 | 032 | 095 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 095 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 095 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 048 | 063 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
127 | 111 | 063 | 095 | 159 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 238 | 111 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 175 | 19 | 175 | 19 | 111 | 111 | 143 | 143 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
19 | 206 | 206 | 222 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | 063 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
222 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 159 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
238 | 302 | 333 | 349 | 381 | 159 | 111 | 143 | 111 | 048 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
254 | 365 | 413 | 413 | 444 | 206 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 079 | 175 | 063 | ||||||||||||
317 | 429 | 46 | 476 | 46 | 254 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 238 | 079 | ||||||||||||
365 | 476 | 524 | 571 | 508 | 302 | 159 | 127 | 143 | 048 | 206 | 079 | ||||||||||||
413 | 556 | 619 | 667 | 571 | 381 | 175 | 127 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
476 | 635 | 714 | 73 | 635 | 429 | 222 | 159 | 19 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
556 | 714 | 825 | 825 | 73 | 46 | 254 | 175 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
635 | 825 | 952 | 937 | 81 | 54 | 286 | 175 | 159 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
698 | 984 | 1079 | 1032 | 873 | 603 | 333 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
73 | 1159 | 1238 | 1159 | 952 | 683 | 381 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 127 | 079 | ||||||||||||
778 | 1349 | 1429 | 1302 | 1111 | 73 | 429 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
857 | 1587 | 1603 | 1476 | 1238 | 81 | 476 | 27 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
952 | 1889 | 181 | 1651 | 1349 | 889 | 556 | 302 | 159 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1127 | 2238 | 2048 | 1841 | 146 | 984 | 603 | 317 | 19 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1397 | 2651 | 2317 | 2032 | 1603 | 1111 | 635 | 333 | 222 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1937 | 3095 | 2587 | 2238 | 1746 | 1222 | 698 | 381 | 222 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2968 | 3556 | 2889 | 246 | 1873 | 1302 | 762 | 429 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
4333 | 4063 | 3206 | 2667 | 2016 | 1397 | 825 | 46 | 254 | 048 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
5571 | 4603 | 3508 | 2873 | 2175 | 1556 | 889 | 476 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
6587 | 5127 | 3841 | 3079 | 2333 | 1667 | 10 | 524 | 238 | 032 | 175 | 111 | ||||||||||||
7556 | 5667 | 4175 | 3286 | 2492 | 173 | 1063 | 571 | 254 | 048 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
8587 | 6222 | 4476 | 3492 | 2603 | 1873 | 1095 | 603 | 27 | 048 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
9635 | 6746 | 4762 | 3714 | 273 | 2016 | 119 | 667 | 302 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
10619 | 7206 | 5048 | 3937 | 2889 | 2111 | 1286 | 698 | 333 | 095 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
11524 | 7635 | 5349 | 4143 | 3063 | 2222 | 1349 | 714 | 365 | 063 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12365 | 8079 | 5619 | 4317 | 319 | 2349 | 1413 | 762 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
13048 | 8508 | 5857 | 4508 | 3302 | 2444 | 1492 | 794 | 397 | 095 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13603 | 8825 | 6111 | 4667 | 3444 | 2508 | 1571 | 825 | 397 | 127 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14095 | 9095 | 6365 | 4841 | 3556 | 2635 | 1619 | 857 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14444 | 9365 | 6556 | 50 | 3683 | 2746 | 1683 | 921 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14746 | 9603 | 6714 | 5159 | 381 | 2794 | 1746 | 937 | 413 | 159 | 143 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15048 | 9841 | 6889 | 5286 | 3921 | 2873 | 181 | 968 | 444 | 175 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15349 | 10016 | 7079 | 5397 | 40 | 2968 | 1873 | 10 | 46 | 159 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15587 | 10206 | 7206 | 5508 | 4095 | 3032 | 1952 | 1048 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15778 | 10349 | 7317 | 5635 | 4159 | 3048 | 2016 | 1079 | 46 | 143 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
16048 | 10476 | 7444 | 573 | 4222 | 3127 | 2032 | 1095 | 492 | 127 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16571 | 10762 | 7587 | 5841 | 4333 | 3254 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16873 | 10889 | 7714 | 5905 | 4397 | 327 | 2127 | 1127 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17048 | 110 | 7825 | 5984 | 4429 | 3302 | 2143 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17524 | 11238 | 7968 | 6016 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17698 | 11381 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19016 | 1146 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 159 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18794 | 11476 | 7952 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 175 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17444 | 11206 | 7952 | 6032 | 4476 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12794 | 8333 | 5762 | 4429 | 327 | 2413 | 146 | 778 | 397 | 079 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
619 | 778 | 889 | 889 | 794 | 492 | 286 | 175 | 175 | 063 | 095 | 079 | ||||||||||||
524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
444 | 603 | 667 | 698 | 603 | 397 | 19 | 143 | 175 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
333 | 46 | 492 | 524 | 476 | 27 | 143 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 095 | ||||||||||||
286 | 413 | 444 | 444 | 444 | 238 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 079 | ||||||||||||
254 | 349 | 381 | 397 | 429 | 19 | 095 | 111 | 111 | 063 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 22
Professor of ChemistrySUNY-Environmental Science amp Forestry
(tsdibbleesfedu)bull SUNY-ESF
1 of 7 PhD-granting SUNY campusesLocated in Syracuse
bull My Training PhD (Physical Chemistry) U Michigan 1992
bull My Research Group 1 MS 1 PhD 1 undergrad(1 MS and 1 PhD student arriving in Fall)
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Theodore S Dibble
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 23
Research is 90 Kineticsbull Tools Experiment Theory Kinetic Models
Lasers to generate and monitor radicalsGas chromatography-mass spectrometryInfrared spectroscopyQuantum chemistry theoretical kineticsReaction mechanismsLarge kinetic models
bull TopicsAtmospheric ozone and mercuryCombustionElectron beams
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Research Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 24
Previous Work Humid Air (N2 O2 H2O)
Goal understand sources of OH radical (removes SO2 and NOx from flue gas)
bull Started with a published model- added reactions- edited rate constants amp reaction products- iterated until ldquoself-consistentrdquo (~900 reactions)
bull Ran model- tested againstreintepreted exp results- analyzed sources of OH amp error
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Kinetic Modeling of Electron Beams
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 25
bull Software Kintecus Chemical ModelingPlug flow reactorhuge number of reactionsAccurate numerical integration
bull Input ParametersDose rate (Joules absorbedkg gas) from IBAInitial species concentrationsSet of reactions and rate constants
bull Outputs Concentrations vs timeSensitivity coefficients
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Technical Details
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 26
Technical Approach Discussion
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 27
High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products
Sponsor
Funding $799997 DOE ($206000 co-funding) two year effort
Objective Develop a direct electron beam (E-Beam) synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide using carbon dioxide (CO2) captured from a coal-fired power plant and methane (natural gas)
Team Member Rolesbull Overall project integration and managementbull Design construct the E-Beam reactor and the testing unitbull Conceptual design for coal-fired power plants with DEBS
bull Provide guidance in E-Beam reactor design and E-Beam accelerator for testing
bull Develop a kinetic model for the E-Beam reactor
DE-FE0029787
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 28
Project Objectives
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this project is to develop the Direct E-Beam Synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide at relatively low severity (pressure being near one atmosphere and temperatures of lt150degC) from near-pure CO2 captured from a pulverized coal (PC)-fired power plant and methane imported as natural gas Creating valuable products will offset the cost of carbon capture and storage (CCS) The high energy output from an electron beam (E-Beam) accelerator will be used to break chemical bonds The project comprises two budget periods (BP) of 9 and 15 months each for a total duration of 24 months
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 29
Project ObjectivesBP Objectives
1
bull Complete design and manufacture of testing skid with E-Beam reactor for testing at IBAbull Successful commissioning of DEBS equipment at GTI and IBA
bull Identify at least two catalysts to control the recombination and increase the yields for more valuableproducts
bull Develop preliminary predictive kinetic model to guide BP2 testing
2
bull Determine key operating parameters at various E-Beam energies to maximize the per pass conversion of CO2 to valuable products control selectivities between various products and minimize E-Beam energy requirements
bull Identify operating conditions and catalyst combinations to further control selectivities between products and minimize overall energy requirements
bull Review experimental data to optimize and improve preliminary kinetic model developed in BP1bull Complete data analysis and reporting of the experimental runs
bull Complete economical assessment techno-economic analysis and perform life cycle analysis for the process
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 30
Experiments will be conducted in non-catalytic as well as catalytic modes A kinetic model will be developed by SUNY based on the collected data and will be
used to predict the chemical performance of the DEBS process A conceptual design for coupling the DEBS process to a coal-fired power plant will
be developed
This project will expand on the concept of DEBS to Develop a commercially viable process Minimize E-Beam energy requirements Maximize CO2 conversion Selectively control the yield of more valuable products using
catalysts
Innovation non-equilibrium process that breaks bonds directly unlike conventional chemistry that requires heating the entire molecule
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 31
Current technology for the commercial production of acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide requires High temperatures and pressures Expensive catalysts in multiple process steps High capital and operating costs
The DEBS process uses high-energy electron beams to break chemical bonds allowing production of the desired chemicals at near-ambient pressure and temperatures and has been demonstrated by other research groups at bench-scale
Successfully combining DEBS technology with CO2 captured from coal-fired power plant flue gas provides a low-cost energy-efficient process to produce valuable chemicals and reduce emissions
Advantages Over Traditional Processes
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 32
Electron Beam Deposition into Gas
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 33
Electron Beam Primer
V = Voltage (eV)I = Current (amp)V x I = Power (watt)
1eV = Kinetic energy of an electron accelerated to 1 voltCharge of an electron = 1602 x 10-19 coulombs
1 coulomb = 625 x 1018 electrons
Current = ChargeTime1 amp = 1 coulomb 1 sec
1 eV x 1 amp= 1 watt = 1 Jsec1 eV = 1602 x 10-19 J
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 34
Electron Beam Primer
500keV amp 15mAsqin E-Beam on a 1 sq in areaE-Beam power = 750 watt or 750 Jsec
Each electron will have500000 x 1602 x 10-19 = 8 x 10-14 J of energy
E-Beam will have15 x 10-3 1602 x 10-19 = 93633 x 1015 electrons per second
Each electron has the potential to achieve ~100000 interactions
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 35
Industrial Accelerator Design (linear)
Typical Numbers in range of interest450 to 1000 keV25 to 250 mA11 - 100 kW1
Efficiency 45 ndash 602
1 Robert W Hamm RampM Technical Enterprises Inc 9th ICFA Seminar ndash October 30 20082 Applied Energetics httpwwwappliedenergeticscomdownloadsproduct-offeringsnested-high-voltage-generatorpdf3 Kim et Al amp NHV Japan amp Bulgaria Power Plant
Source of Electrons
Acceleration Modules
Electron beam
Large Scale Industrial Applications800 keV500 mA400 kW3
Efficiency up to 883
Vacuum
Foil
Target
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 36
Electron Beam Deposition
Maximum efficiency occurs when electron beam deposition depth is equal to reactor depthDeposition depth depends on these parametersbull Electron beam voltagebull Gas compositionbull Gas pressure (Limited by foil)bull Foil composition and thicknessre
acto
r dep
th=
d
ElectronBeam Voltage ndash Controls how FAR the electrons will go
Current - Controls how MANY electrons will go
Beam Energy
Beam
Dep
th
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 37
Electron Beam Deposition (continued)
Electron beam inVoltage VinCurrent IExposure time T
Electron beam outVoltage Vout = Vin - ∆VCurrent IExposure time T
Dose = ((Vin-Vout) times I times T) M
Dose = energy deposited per unit massUnit of dose 1 Joulekg = 1 Gray
mass M
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 38
Deposition into a Gas Flowing in a Reactor
Flow velocity v
Dose = (V (potential) times I (currentarea) times a (window area) v (velocity)) M (mass)
Mass M
ElectronBeam
e-beam window area = a
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
175 | 159 | 143 | 079 | 016 | 143 | 016 | 048 | 095 | 127 | 159 | 159 | ||||||||||||
143 | 079 | 063 | 063 | 032 | 095 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 095 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 095 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 048 | 063 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
127 | 111 | 063 | 095 | 159 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 238 | 111 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 175 | 19 | 175 | 19 | 111 | 111 | 143 | 143 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
19 | 206 | 206 | 222 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | 063 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
222 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 159 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
238 | 302 | 333 | 349 | 381 | 159 | 111 | 143 | 111 | 048 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
254 | 365 | 413 | 413 | 444 | 206 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 079 | 175 | 063 | ||||||||||||
317 | 429 | 46 | 476 | 46 | 254 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 238 | 079 | ||||||||||||
365 | 476 | 524 | 571 | 508 | 302 | 159 | 127 | 143 | 048 | 206 | 079 | ||||||||||||
413 | 556 | 619 | 667 | 571 | 381 | 175 | 127 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
476 | 635 | 714 | 73 | 635 | 429 | 222 | 159 | 19 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
556 | 714 | 825 | 825 | 73 | 46 | 254 | 175 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
635 | 825 | 952 | 937 | 81 | 54 | 286 | 175 | 159 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
698 | 984 | 1079 | 1032 | 873 | 603 | 333 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
73 | 1159 | 1238 | 1159 | 952 | 683 | 381 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 127 | 079 | ||||||||||||
778 | 1349 | 1429 | 1302 | 1111 | 73 | 429 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
857 | 1587 | 1603 | 1476 | 1238 | 81 | 476 | 27 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
952 | 1889 | 181 | 1651 | 1349 | 889 | 556 | 302 | 159 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1127 | 2238 | 2048 | 1841 | 146 | 984 | 603 | 317 | 19 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1397 | 2651 | 2317 | 2032 | 1603 | 1111 | 635 | 333 | 222 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1937 | 3095 | 2587 | 2238 | 1746 | 1222 | 698 | 381 | 222 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2968 | 3556 | 2889 | 246 | 1873 | 1302 | 762 | 429 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
4333 | 4063 | 3206 | 2667 | 2016 | 1397 | 825 | 46 | 254 | 048 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
5571 | 4603 | 3508 | 2873 | 2175 | 1556 | 889 | 476 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
6587 | 5127 | 3841 | 3079 | 2333 | 1667 | 10 | 524 | 238 | 032 | 175 | 111 | ||||||||||||
7556 | 5667 | 4175 | 3286 | 2492 | 173 | 1063 | 571 | 254 | 048 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
8587 | 6222 | 4476 | 3492 | 2603 | 1873 | 1095 | 603 | 27 | 048 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
9635 | 6746 | 4762 | 3714 | 273 | 2016 | 119 | 667 | 302 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
10619 | 7206 | 5048 | 3937 | 2889 | 2111 | 1286 | 698 | 333 | 095 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
11524 | 7635 | 5349 | 4143 | 3063 | 2222 | 1349 | 714 | 365 | 063 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12365 | 8079 | 5619 | 4317 | 319 | 2349 | 1413 | 762 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
13048 | 8508 | 5857 | 4508 | 3302 | 2444 | 1492 | 794 | 397 | 095 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13603 | 8825 | 6111 | 4667 | 3444 | 2508 | 1571 | 825 | 397 | 127 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14095 | 9095 | 6365 | 4841 | 3556 | 2635 | 1619 | 857 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14444 | 9365 | 6556 | 50 | 3683 | 2746 | 1683 | 921 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14746 | 9603 | 6714 | 5159 | 381 | 2794 | 1746 | 937 | 413 | 159 | 143 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15048 | 9841 | 6889 | 5286 | 3921 | 2873 | 181 | 968 | 444 | 175 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15349 | 10016 | 7079 | 5397 | 40 | 2968 | 1873 | 10 | 46 | 159 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15587 | 10206 | 7206 | 5508 | 4095 | 3032 | 1952 | 1048 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15778 | 10349 | 7317 | 5635 | 4159 | 3048 | 2016 | 1079 | 46 | 143 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
16048 | 10476 | 7444 | 573 | 4222 | 3127 | 2032 | 1095 | 492 | 127 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16571 | 10762 | 7587 | 5841 | 4333 | 3254 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16873 | 10889 | 7714 | 5905 | 4397 | 327 | 2127 | 1127 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17048 | 110 | 7825 | 5984 | 4429 | 3302 | 2143 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17524 | 11238 | 7968 | 6016 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17698 | 11381 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19016 | 1146 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 159 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18794 | 11476 | 7952 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 175 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17444 | 11206 | 7952 | 6032 | 4476 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12794 | 8333 | 5762 | 4429 | 327 | 2413 | 146 | 778 | 397 | 079 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
619 | 778 | 889 | 889 | 794 | 492 | 286 | 175 | 175 | 063 | 095 | 079 | ||||||||||||
524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
444 | 603 | 667 | 698 | 603 | 397 | 19 | 143 | 175 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
333 | 46 | 492 | 524 | 476 | 27 | 143 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 095 | ||||||||||||
286 | 413 | 444 | 444 | 444 | 238 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 079 | ||||||||||||
254 | 349 | 381 | 397 | 429 | 19 | 095 | 111 | 111 | 063 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 23
Research is 90 Kineticsbull Tools Experiment Theory Kinetic Models
Lasers to generate and monitor radicalsGas chromatography-mass spectrometryInfrared spectroscopyQuantum chemistry theoretical kineticsReaction mechanismsLarge kinetic models
bull TopicsAtmospheric ozone and mercuryCombustionElectron beams
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Research Background
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 24
Previous Work Humid Air (N2 O2 H2O)
Goal understand sources of OH radical (removes SO2 and NOx from flue gas)
bull Started with a published model- added reactions- edited rate constants amp reaction products- iterated until ldquoself-consistentrdquo (~900 reactions)
bull Ran model- tested againstreintepreted exp results- analyzed sources of OH amp error
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Kinetic Modeling of Electron Beams
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 25
bull Software Kintecus Chemical ModelingPlug flow reactorhuge number of reactionsAccurate numerical integration
bull Input ParametersDose rate (Joules absorbedkg gas) from IBAInitial species concentrationsSet of reactions and rate constants
bull Outputs Concentrations vs timeSensitivity coefficients
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Technical Details
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 26
Technical Approach Discussion
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 27
High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products
Sponsor
Funding $799997 DOE ($206000 co-funding) two year effort
Objective Develop a direct electron beam (E-Beam) synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide using carbon dioxide (CO2) captured from a coal-fired power plant and methane (natural gas)
Team Member Rolesbull Overall project integration and managementbull Design construct the E-Beam reactor and the testing unitbull Conceptual design for coal-fired power plants with DEBS
bull Provide guidance in E-Beam reactor design and E-Beam accelerator for testing
bull Develop a kinetic model for the E-Beam reactor
DE-FE0029787
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 28
Project Objectives
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this project is to develop the Direct E-Beam Synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide at relatively low severity (pressure being near one atmosphere and temperatures of lt150degC) from near-pure CO2 captured from a pulverized coal (PC)-fired power plant and methane imported as natural gas Creating valuable products will offset the cost of carbon capture and storage (CCS) The high energy output from an electron beam (E-Beam) accelerator will be used to break chemical bonds The project comprises two budget periods (BP) of 9 and 15 months each for a total duration of 24 months
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 29
Project ObjectivesBP Objectives
1
bull Complete design and manufacture of testing skid with E-Beam reactor for testing at IBAbull Successful commissioning of DEBS equipment at GTI and IBA
bull Identify at least two catalysts to control the recombination and increase the yields for more valuableproducts
bull Develop preliminary predictive kinetic model to guide BP2 testing
2
bull Determine key operating parameters at various E-Beam energies to maximize the per pass conversion of CO2 to valuable products control selectivities between various products and minimize E-Beam energy requirements
bull Identify operating conditions and catalyst combinations to further control selectivities between products and minimize overall energy requirements
bull Review experimental data to optimize and improve preliminary kinetic model developed in BP1bull Complete data analysis and reporting of the experimental runs
bull Complete economical assessment techno-economic analysis and perform life cycle analysis for the process
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 30
Experiments will be conducted in non-catalytic as well as catalytic modes A kinetic model will be developed by SUNY based on the collected data and will be
used to predict the chemical performance of the DEBS process A conceptual design for coupling the DEBS process to a coal-fired power plant will
be developed
This project will expand on the concept of DEBS to Develop a commercially viable process Minimize E-Beam energy requirements Maximize CO2 conversion Selectively control the yield of more valuable products using
catalysts
Innovation non-equilibrium process that breaks bonds directly unlike conventional chemistry that requires heating the entire molecule
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 31
Current technology for the commercial production of acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide requires High temperatures and pressures Expensive catalysts in multiple process steps High capital and operating costs
The DEBS process uses high-energy electron beams to break chemical bonds allowing production of the desired chemicals at near-ambient pressure and temperatures and has been demonstrated by other research groups at bench-scale
Successfully combining DEBS technology with CO2 captured from coal-fired power plant flue gas provides a low-cost energy-efficient process to produce valuable chemicals and reduce emissions
Advantages Over Traditional Processes
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 32
Electron Beam Deposition into Gas
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 33
Electron Beam Primer
V = Voltage (eV)I = Current (amp)V x I = Power (watt)
1eV = Kinetic energy of an electron accelerated to 1 voltCharge of an electron = 1602 x 10-19 coulombs
1 coulomb = 625 x 1018 electrons
Current = ChargeTime1 amp = 1 coulomb 1 sec
1 eV x 1 amp= 1 watt = 1 Jsec1 eV = 1602 x 10-19 J
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 34
Electron Beam Primer
500keV amp 15mAsqin E-Beam on a 1 sq in areaE-Beam power = 750 watt or 750 Jsec
Each electron will have500000 x 1602 x 10-19 = 8 x 10-14 J of energy
E-Beam will have15 x 10-3 1602 x 10-19 = 93633 x 1015 electrons per second
Each electron has the potential to achieve ~100000 interactions
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 35
Industrial Accelerator Design (linear)
Typical Numbers in range of interest450 to 1000 keV25 to 250 mA11 - 100 kW1
Efficiency 45 ndash 602
1 Robert W Hamm RampM Technical Enterprises Inc 9th ICFA Seminar ndash October 30 20082 Applied Energetics httpwwwappliedenergeticscomdownloadsproduct-offeringsnested-high-voltage-generatorpdf3 Kim et Al amp NHV Japan amp Bulgaria Power Plant
Source of Electrons
Acceleration Modules
Electron beam
Large Scale Industrial Applications800 keV500 mA400 kW3
Efficiency up to 883
Vacuum
Foil
Target
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 36
Electron Beam Deposition
Maximum efficiency occurs when electron beam deposition depth is equal to reactor depthDeposition depth depends on these parametersbull Electron beam voltagebull Gas compositionbull Gas pressure (Limited by foil)bull Foil composition and thicknessre
acto
r dep
th=
d
ElectronBeam Voltage ndash Controls how FAR the electrons will go
Current - Controls how MANY electrons will go
Beam Energy
Beam
Dep
th
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 37
Electron Beam Deposition (continued)
Electron beam inVoltage VinCurrent IExposure time T
Electron beam outVoltage Vout = Vin - ∆VCurrent IExposure time T
Dose = ((Vin-Vout) times I times T) M
Dose = energy deposited per unit massUnit of dose 1 Joulekg = 1 Gray
mass M
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 38
Deposition into a Gas Flowing in a Reactor
Flow velocity v
Dose = (V (potential) times I (currentarea) times a (window area) v (velocity)) M (mass)
Mass M
ElectronBeam
e-beam window area = a
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
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18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
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17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
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15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
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12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
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3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
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127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
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714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
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222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 24
Previous Work Humid Air (N2 O2 H2O)
Goal understand sources of OH radical (removes SO2 and NOx from flue gas)
bull Started with a published model- added reactions- edited rate constants amp reaction products- iterated until ldquoself-consistentrdquo (~900 reactions)
bull Ran model- tested againstreintepreted exp results- analyzed sources of OH amp error
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Kinetic Modeling of Electron Beams
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 25
bull Software Kintecus Chemical ModelingPlug flow reactorhuge number of reactionsAccurate numerical integration
bull Input ParametersDose rate (Joules absorbedkg gas) from IBAInitial species concentrationsSet of reactions and rate constants
bull Outputs Concentrations vs timeSensitivity coefficients
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Technical Details
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 26
Technical Approach Discussion
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 27
High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products
Sponsor
Funding $799997 DOE ($206000 co-funding) two year effort
Objective Develop a direct electron beam (E-Beam) synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide using carbon dioxide (CO2) captured from a coal-fired power plant and methane (natural gas)
Team Member Rolesbull Overall project integration and managementbull Design construct the E-Beam reactor and the testing unitbull Conceptual design for coal-fired power plants with DEBS
bull Provide guidance in E-Beam reactor design and E-Beam accelerator for testing
bull Develop a kinetic model for the E-Beam reactor
DE-FE0029787
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 28
Project Objectives
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this project is to develop the Direct E-Beam Synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide at relatively low severity (pressure being near one atmosphere and temperatures of lt150degC) from near-pure CO2 captured from a pulverized coal (PC)-fired power plant and methane imported as natural gas Creating valuable products will offset the cost of carbon capture and storage (CCS) The high energy output from an electron beam (E-Beam) accelerator will be used to break chemical bonds The project comprises two budget periods (BP) of 9 and 15 months each for a total duration of 24 months
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 29
Project ObjectivesBP Objectives
1
bull Complete design and manufacture of testing skid with E-Beam reactor for testing at IBAbull Successful commissioning of DEBS equipment at GTI and IBA
bull Identify at least two catalysts to control the recombination and increase the yields for more valuableproducts
bull Develop preliminary predictive kinetic model to guide BP2 testing
2
bull Determine key operating parameters at various E-Beam energies to maximize the per pass conversion of CO2 to valuable products control selectivities between various products and minimize E-Beam energy requirements
bull Identify operating conditions and catalyst combinations to further control selectivities between products and minimize overall energy requirements
bull Review experimental data to optimize and improve preliminary kinetic model developed in BP1bull Complete data analysis and reporting of the experimental runs
bull Complete economical assessment techno-economic analysis and perform life cycle analysis for the process
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 30
Experiments will be conducted in non-catalytic as well as catalytic modes A kinetic model will be developed by SUNY based on the collected data and will be
used to predict the chemical performance of the DEBS process A conceptual design for coupling the DEBS process to a coal-fired power plant will
be developed
This project will expand on the concept of DEBS to Develop a commercially viable process Minimize E-Beam energy requirements Maximize CO2 conversion Selectively control the yield of more valuable products using
catalysts
Innovation non-equilibrium process that breaks bonds directly unlike conventional chemistry that requires heating the entire molecule
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 31
Current technology for the commercial production of acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide requires High temperatures and pressures Expensive catalysts in multiple process steps High capital and operating costs
The DEBS process uses high-energy electron beams to break chemical bonds allowing production of the desired chemicals at near-ambient pressure and temperatures and has been demonstrated by other research groups at bench-scale
Successfully combining DEBS technology with CO2 captured from coal-fired power plant flue gas provides a low-cost energy-efficient process to produce valuable chemicals and reduce emissions
Advantages Over Traditional Processes
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 32
Electron Beam Deposition into Gas
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 33
Electron Beam Primer
V = Voltage (eV)I = Current (amp)V x I = Power (watt)
1eV = Kinetic energy of an electron accelerated to 1 voltCharge of an electron = 1602 x 10-19 coulombs
1 coulomb = 625 x 1018 electrons
Current = ChargeTime1 amp = 1 coulomb 1 sec
1 eV x 1 amp= 1 watt = 1 Jsec1 eV = 1602 x 10-19 J
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 34
Electron Beam Primer
500keV amp 15mAsqin E-Beam on a 1 sq in areaE-Beam power = 750 watt or 750 Jsec
Each electron will have500000 x 1602 x 10-19 = 8 x 10-14 J of energy
E-Beam will have15 x 10-3 1602 x 10-19 = 93633 x 1015 electrons per second
Each electron has the potential to achieve ~100000 interactions
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 35
Industrial Accelerator Design (linear)
Typical Numbers in range of interest450 to 1000 keV25 to 250 mA11 - 100 kW1
Efficiency 45 ndash 602
1 Robert W Hamm RampM Technical Enterprises Inc 9th ICFA Seminar ndash October 30 20082 Applied Energetics httpwwwappliedenergeticscomdownloadsproduct-offeringsnested-high-voltage-generatorpdf3 Kim et Al amp NHV Japan amp Bulgaria Power Plant
Source of Electrons
Acceleration Modules
Electron beam
Large Scale Industrial Applications800 keV500 mA400 kW3
Efficiency up to 883
Vacuum
Foil
Target
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 36
Electron Beam Deposition
Maximum efficiency occurs when electron beam deposition depth is equal to reactor depthDeposition depth depends on these parametersbull Electron beam voltagebull Gas compositionbull Gas pressure (Limited by foil)bull Foil composition and thicknessre
acto
r dep
th=
d
ElectronBeam Voltage ndash Controls how FAR the electrons will go
Current - Controls how MANY electrons will go
Beam Energy
Beam
Dep
th
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 37
Electron Beam Deposition (continued)
Electron beam inVoltage VinCurrent IExposure time T
Electron beam outVoltage Vout = Vin - ∆VCurrent IExposure time T
Dose = ((Vin-Vout) times I times T) M
Dose = energy deposited per unit massUnit of dose 1 Joulekg = 1 Gray
mass M
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 38
Deposition into a Gas Flowing in a Reactor
Flow velocity v
Dose = (V (potential) times I (currentarea) times a (window area) v (velocity)) M (mass)
Mass M
ElectronBeam
e-beam window area = a
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
175 | 159 | 143 | 079 | 016 | 143 | 016 | 048 | 095 | 127 | 159 | 159 | ||||||||||||
143 | 079 | 063 | 063 | 032 | 095 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 095 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 095 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 048 | 063 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
127 | 111 | 063 | 095 | 159 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 238 | 111 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 175 | 19 | 175 | 19 | 111 | 111 | 143 | 143 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
19 | 206 | 206 | 222 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | 063 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
222 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 159 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
238 | 302 | 333 | 349 | 381 | 159 | 111 | 143 | 111 | 048 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
254 | 365 | 413 | 413 | 444 | 206 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 079 | 175 | 063 | ||||||||||||
317 | 429 | 46 | 476 | 46 | 254 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 238 | 079 | ||||||||||||
365 | 476 | 524 | 571 | 508 | 302 | 159 | 127 | 143 | 048 | 206 | 079 | ||||||||||||
413 | 556 | 619 | 667 | 571 | 381 | 175 | 127 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
476 | 635 | 714 | 73 | 635 | 429 | 222 | 159 | 19 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
556 | 714 | 825 | 825 | 73 | 46 | 254 | 175 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
635 | 825 | 952 | 937 | 81 | 54 | 286 | 175 | 159 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
698 | 984 | 1079 | 1032 | 873 | 603 | 333 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
73 | 1159 | 1238 | 1159 | 952 | 683 | 381 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 127 | 079 | ||||||||||||
778 | 1349 | 1429 | 1302 | 1111 | 73 | 429 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
857 | 1587 | 1603 | 1476 | 1238 | 81 | 476 | 27 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
952 | 1889 | 181 | 1651 | 1349 | 889 | 556 | 302 | 159 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1127 | 2238 | 2048 | 1841 | 146 | 984 | 603 | 317 | 19 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1397 | 2651 | 2317 | 2032 | 1603 | 1111 | 635 | 333 | 222 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1937 | 3095 | 2587 | 2238 | 1746 | 1222 | 698 | 381 | 222 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2968 | 3556 | 2889 | 246 | 1873 | 1302 | 762 | 429 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
4333 | 4063 | 3206 | 2667 | 2016 | 1397 | 825 | 46 | 254 | 048 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
5571 | 4603 | 3508 | 2873 | 2175 | 1556 | 889 | 476 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
6587 | 5127 | 3841 | 3079 | 2333 | 1667 | 10 | 524 | 238 | 032 | 175 | 111 | ||||||||||||
7556 | 5667 | 4175 | 3286 | 2492 | 173 | 1063 | 571 | 254 | 048 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
8587 | 6222 | 4476 | 3492 | 2603 | 1873 | 1095 | 603 | 27 | 048 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
9635 | 6746 | 4762 | 3714 | 273 | 2016 | 119 | 667 | 302 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
10619 | 7206 | 5048 | 3937 | 2889 | 2111 | 1286 | 698 | 333 | 095 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
11524 | 7635 | 5349 | 4143 | 3063 | 2222 | 1349 | 714 | 365 | 063 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12365 | 8079 | 5619 | 4317 | 319 | 2349 | 1413 | 762 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
13048 | 8508 | 5857 | 4508 | 3302 | 2444 | 1492 | 794 | 397 | 095 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13603 | 8825 | 6111 | 4667 | 3444 | 2508 | 1571 | 825 | 397 | 127 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14095 | 9095 | 6365 | 4841 | 3556 | 2635 | 1619 | 857 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14444 | 9365 | 6556 | 50 | 3683 | 2746 | 1683 | 921 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14746 | 9603 | 6714 | 5159 | 381 | 2794 | 1746 | 937 | 413 | 159 | 143 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15048 | 9841 | 6889 | 5286 | 3921 | 2873 | 181 | 968 | 444 | 175 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15349 | 10016 | 7079 | 5397 | 40 | 2968 | 1873 | 10 | 46 | 159 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15587 | 10206 | 7206 | 5508 | 4095 | 3032 | 1952 | 1048 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15778 | 10349 | 7317 | 5635 | 4159 | 3048 | 2016 | 1079 | 46 | 143 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
16048 | 10476 | 7444 | 573 | 4222 | 3127 | 2032 | 1095 | 492 | 127 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16571 | 10762 | 7587 | 5841 | 4333 | 3254 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16873 | 10889 | 7714 | 5905 | 4397 | 327 | 2127 | 1127 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17048 | 110 | 7825 | 5984 | 4429 | 3302 | 2143 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17524 | 11238 | 7968 | 6016 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17698 | 11381 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19016 | 1146 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 159 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18794 | 11476 | 7952 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 175 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17444 | 11206 | 7952 | 6032 | 4476 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12794 | 8333 | 5762 | 4429 | 327 | 2413 | 146 | 778 | 397 | 079 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
619 | 778 | 889 | 889 | 794 | 492 | 286 | 175 | 175 | 063 | 095 | 079 | ||||||||||||
524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
444 | 603 | 667 | 698 | 603 | 397 | 19 | 143 | 175 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
333 | 46 | 492 | 524 | 476 | 27 | 143 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 095 | ||||||||||||
286 | 413 | 444 | 444 | 444 | 238 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 079 | ||||||||||||
254 | 349 | 381 | 397 | 429 | 19 | 095 | 111 | 111 | 063 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 25
bull Software Kintecus Chemical ModelingPlug flow reactorhuge number of reactionsAccurate numerical integration
bull Input ParametersDose rate (Joules absorbedkg gas) from IBAInitial species concentrationsSet of reactions and rate constants
bull Outputs Concentrations vs timeSensitivity coefficients
Theodore S Dibble SUNY
Technical Details
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 26
Technical Approach Discussion
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 27
High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products
Sponsor
Funding $799997 DOE ($206000 co-funding) two year effort
Objective Develop a direct electron beam (E-Beam) synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide using carbon dioxide (CO2) captured from a coal-fired power plant and methane (natural gas)
Team Member Rolesbull Overall project integration and managementbull Design construct the E-Beam reactor and the testing unitbull Conceptual design for coal-fired power plants with DEBS
bull Provide guidance in E-Beam reactor design and E-Beam accelerator for testing
bull Develop a kinetic model for the E-Beam reactor
DE-FE0029787
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 28
Project Objectives
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this project is to develop the Direct E-Beam Synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide at relatively low severity (pressure being near one atmosphere and temperatures of lt150degC) from near-pure CO2 captured from a pulverized coal (PC)-fired power plant and methane imported as natural gas Creating valuable products will offset the cost of carbon capture and storage (CCS) The high energy output from an electron beam (E-Beam) accelerator will be used to break chemical bonds The project comprises two budget periods (BP) of 9 and 15 months each for a total duration of 24 months
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 29
Project ObjectivesBP Objectives
1
bull Complete design and manufacture of testing skid with E-Beam reactor for testing at IBAbull Successful commissioning of DEBS equipment at GTI and IBA
bull Identify at least two catalysts to control the recombination and increase the yields for more valuableproducts
bull Develop preliminary predictive kinetic model to guide BP2 testing
2
bull Determine key operating parameters at various E-Beam energies to maximize the per pass conversion of CO2 to valuable products control selectivities between various products and minimize E-Beam energy requirements
bull Identify operating conditions and catalyst combinations to further control selectivities between products and minimize overall energy requirements
bull Review experimental data to optimize and improve preliminary kinetic model developed in BP1bull Complete data analysis and reporting of the experimental runs
bull Complete economical assessment techno-economic analysis and perform life cycle analysis for the process
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 30
Experiments will be conducted in non-catalytic as well as catalytic modes A kinetic model will be developed by SUNY based on the collected data and will be
used to predict the chemical performance of the DEBS process A conceptual design for coupling the DEBS process to a coal-fired power plant will
be developed
This project will expand on the concept of DEBS to Develop a commercially viable process Minimize E-Beam energy requirements Maximize CO2 conversion Selectively control the yield of more valuable products using
catalysts
Innovation non-equilibrium process that breaks bonds directly unlike conventional chemistry that requires heating the entire molecule
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 31
Current technology for the commercial production of acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide requires High temperatures and pressures Expensive catalysts in multiple process steps High capital and operating costs
The DEBS process uses high-energy electron beams to break chemical bonds allowing production of the desired chemicals at near-ambient pressure and temperatures and has been demonstrated by other research groups at bench-scale
Successfully combining DEBS technology with CO2 captured from coal-fired power plant flue gas provides a low-cost energy-efficient process to produce valuable chemicals and reduce emissions
Advantages Over Traditional Processes
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 32
Electron Beam Deposition into Gas
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 33
Electron Beam Primer
V = Voltage (eV)I = Current (amp)V x I = Power (watt)
1eV = Kinetic energy of an electron accelerated to 1 voltCharge of an electron = 1602 x 10-19 coulombs
1 coulomb = 625 x 1018 electrons
Current = ChargeTime1 amp = 1 coulomb 1 sec
1 eV x 1 amp= 1 watt = 1 Jsec1 eV = 1602 x 10-19 J
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 34
Electron Beam Primer
500keV amp 15mAsqin E-Beam on a 1 sq in areaE-Beam power = 750 watt or 750 Jsec
Each electron will have500000 x 1602 x 10-19 = 8 x 10-14 J of energy
E-Beam will have15 x 10-3 1602 x 10-19 = 93633 x 1015 electrons per second
Each electron has the potential to achieve ~100000 interactions
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 35
Industrial Accelerator Design (linear)
Typical Numbers in range of interest450 to 1000 keV25 to 250 mA11 - 100 kW1
Efficiency 45 ndash 602
1 Robert W Hamm RampM Technical Enterprises Inc 9th ICFA Seminar ndash October 30 20082 Applied Energetics httpwwwappliedenergeticscomdownloadsproduct-offeringsnested-high-voltage-generatorpdf3 Kim et Al amp NHV Japan amp Bulgaria Power Plant
Source of Electrons
Acceleration Modules
Electron beam
Large Scale Industrial Applications800 keV500 mA400 kW3
Efficiency up to 883
Vacuum
Foil
Target
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 36
Electron Beam Deposition
Maximum efficiency occurs when electron beam deposition depth is equal to reactor depthDeposition depth depends on these parametersbull Electron beam voltagebull Gas compositionbull Gas pressure (Limited by foil)bull Foil composition and thicknessre
acto
r dep
th=
d
ElectronBeam Voltage ndash Controls how FAR the electrons will go
Current - Controls how MANY electrons will go
Beam Energy
Beam
Dep
th
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 37
Electron Beam Deposition (continued)
Electron beam inVoltage VinCurrent IExposure time T
Electron beam outVoltage Vout = Vin - ∆VCurrent IExposure time T
Dose = ((Vin-Vout) times I times T) M
Dose = energy deposited per unit massUnit of dose 1 Joulekg = 1 Gray
mass M
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 38
Deposition into a Gas Flowing in a Reactor
Flow velocity v
Dose = (V (potential) times I (currentarea) times a (window area) v (velocity)) M (mass)
Mass M
ElectronBeam
e-beam window area = a
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
175 | 159 | 143 | 079 | 016 | 143 | 016 | 048 | 095 | 127 | 159 | 159 | ||||||||||||
143 | 079 | 063 | 063 | 032 | 095 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 095 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 095 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 048 | 063 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
127 | 111 | 063 | 095 | 159 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 238 | 111 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 175 | 19 | 175 | 19 | 111 | 111 | 143 | 143 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
19 | 206 | 206 | 222 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | 063 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
222 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 159 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
238 | 302 | 333 | 349 | 381 | 159 | 111 | 143 | 111 | 048 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
254 | 365 | 413 | 413 | 444 | 206 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 079 | 175 | 063 | ||||||||||||
317 | 429 | 46 | 476 | 46 | 254 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 238 | 079 | ||||||||||||
365 | 476 | 524 | 571 | 508 | 302 | 159 | 127 | 143 | 048 | 206 | 079 | ||||||||||||
413 | 556 | 619 | 667 | 571 | 381 | 175 | 127 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
476 | 635 | 714 | 73 | 635 | 429 | 222 | 159 | 19 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
556 | 714 | 825 | 825 | 73 | 46 | 254 | 175 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
635 | 825 | 952 | 937 | 81 | 54 | 286 | 175 | 159 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
698 | 984 | 1079 | 1032 | 873 | 603 | 333 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
73 | 1159 | 1238 | 1159 | 952 | 683 | 381 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 127 | 079 | ||||||||||||
778 | 1349 | 1429 | 1302 | 1111 | 73 | 429 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
857 | 1587 | 1603 | 1476 | 1238 | 81 | 476 | 27 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
952 | 1889 | 181 | 1651 | 1349 | 889 | 556 | 302 | 159 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1127 | 2238 | 2048 | 1841 | 146 | 984 | 603 | 317 | 19 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1397 | 2651 | 2317 | 2032 | 1603 | 1111 | 635 | 333 | 222 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1937 | 3095 | 2587 | 2238 | 1746 | 1222 | 698 | 381 | 222 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2968 | 3556 | 2889 | 246 | 1873 | 1302 | 762 | 429 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
4333 | 4063 | 3206 | 2667 | 2016 | 1397 | 825 | 46 | 254 | 048 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
5571 | 4603 | 3508 | 2873 | 2175 | 1556 | 889 | 476 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
6587 | 5127 | 3841 | 3079 | 2333 | 1667 | 10 | 524 | 238 | 032 | 175 | 111 | ||||||||||||
7556 | 5667 | 4175 | 3286 | 2492 | 173 | 1063 | 571 | 254 | 048 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
8587 | 6222 | 4476 | 3492 | 2603 | 1873 | 1095 | 603 | 27 | 048 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
9635 | 6746 | 4762 | 3714 | 273 | 2016 | 119 | 667 | 302 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
10619 | 7206 | 5048 | 3937 | 2889 | 2111 | 1286 | 698 | 333 | 095 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
11524 | 7635 | 5349 | 4143 | 3063 | 2222 | 1349 | 714 | 365 | 063 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12365 | 8079 | 5619 | 4317 | 319 | 2349 | 1413 | 762 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
13048 | 8508 | 5857 | 4508 | 3302 | 2444 | 1492 | 794 | 397 | 095 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13603 | 8825 | 6111 | 4667 | 3444 | 2508 | 1571 | 825 | 397 | 127 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14095 | 9095 | 6365 | 4841 | 3556 | 2635 | 1619 | 857 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14444 | 9365 | 6556 | 50 | 3683 | 2746 | 1683 | 921 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14746 | 9603 | 6714 | 5159 | 381 | 2794 | 1746 | 937 | 413 | 159 | 143 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15048 | 9841 | 6889 | 5286 | 3921 | 2873 | 181 | 968 | 444 | 175 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15349 | 10016 | 7079 | 5397 | 40 | 2968 | 1873 | 10 | 46 | 159 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15587 | 10206 | 7206 | 5508 | 4095 | 3032 | 1952 | 1048 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15778 | 10349 | 7317 | 5635 | 4159 | 3048 | 2016 | 1079 | 46 | 143 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
16048 | 10476 | 7444 | 573 | 4222 | 3127 | 2032 | 1095 | 492 | 127 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16571 | 10762 | 7587 | 5841 | 4333 | 3254 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16873 | 10889 | 7714 | 5905 | 4397 | 327 | 2127 | 1127 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17048 | 110 | 7825 | 5984 | 4429 | 3302 | 2143 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17524 | 11238 | 7968 | 6016 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17698 | 11381 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19016 | 1146 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 159 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18794 | 11476 | 7952 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 175 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17444 | 11206 | 7952 | 6032 | 4476 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12794 | 8333 | 5762 | 4429 | 327 | 2413 | 146 | 778 | 397 | 079 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
619 | 778 | 889 | 889 | 794 | 492 | 286 | 175 | 175 | 063 | 095 | 079 | ||||||||||||
524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
444 | 603 | 667 | 698 | 603 | 397 | 19 | 143 | 175 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
333 | 46 | 492 | 524 | 476 | 27 | 143 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 095 | ||||||||||||
286 | 413 | 444 | 444 | 444 | 238 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 079 | ||||||||||||
254 | 349 | 381 | 397 | 429 | 19 | 095 | 111 | 111 | 063 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 26
Technical Approach Discussion
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 27
High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products
Sponsor
Funding $799997 DOE ($206000 co-funding) two year effort
Objective Develop a direct electron beam (E-Beam) synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide using carbon dioxide (CO2) captured from a coal-fired power plant and methane (natural gas)
Team Member Rolesbull Overall project integration and managementbull Design construct the E-Beam reactor and the testing unitbull Conceptual design for coal-fired power plants with DEBS
bull Provide guidance in E-Beam reactor design and E-Beam accelerator for testing
bull Develop a kinetic model for the E-Beam reactor
DE-FE0029787
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 28
Project Objectives
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this project is to develop the Direct E-Beam Synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide at relatively low severity (pressure being near one atmosphere and temperatures of lt150degC) from near-pure CO2 captured from a pulverized coal (PC)-fired power plant and methane imported as natural gas Creating valuable products will offset the cost of carbon capture and storage (CCS) The high energy output from an electron beam (E-Beam) accelerator will be used to break chemical bonds The project comprises two budget periods (BP) of 9 and 15 months each for a total duration of 24 months
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 29
Project ObjectivesBP Objectives
1
bull Complete design and manufacture of testing skid with E-Beam reactor for testing at IBAbull Successful commissioning of DEBS equipment at GTI and IBA
bull Identify at least two catalysts to control the recombination and increase the yields for more valuableproducts
bull Develop preliminary predictive kinetic model to guide BP2 testing
2
bull Determine key operating parameters at various E-Beam energies to maximize the per pass conversion of CO2 to valuable products control selectivities between various products and minimize E-Beam energy requirements
bull Identify operating conditions and catalyst combinations to further control selectivities between products and minimize overall energy requirements
bull Review experimental data to optimize and improve preliminary kinetic model developed in BP1bull Complete data analysis and reporting of the experimental runs
bull Complete economical assessment techno-economic analysis and perform life cycle analysis for the process
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 30
Experiments will be conducted in non-catalytic as well as catalytic modes A kinetic model will be developed by SUNY based on the collected data and will be
used to predict the chemical performance of the DEBS process A conceptual design for coupling the DEBS process to a coal-fired power plant will
be developed
This project will expand on the concept of DEBS to Develop a commercially viable process Minimize E-Beam energy requirements Maximize CO2 conversion Selectively control the yield of more valuable products using
catalysts
Innovation non-equilibrium process that breaks bonds directly unlike conventional chemistry that requires heating the entire molecule
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 31
Current technology for the commercial production of acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide requires High temperatures and pressures Expensive catalysts in multiple process steps High capital and operating costs
The DEBS process uses high-energy electron beams to break chemical bonds allowing production of the desired chemicals at near-ambient pressure and temperatures and has been demonstrated by other research groups at bench-scale
Successfully combining DEBS technology with CO2 captured from coal-fired power plant flue gas provides a low-cost energy-efficient process to produce valuable chemicals and reduce emissions
Advantages Over Traditional Processes
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 32
Electron Beam Deposition into Gas
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 33
Electron Beam Primer
V = Voltage (eV)I = Current (amp)V x I = Power (watt)
1eV = Kinetic energy of an electron accelerated to 1 voltCharge of an electron = 1602 x 10-19 coulombs
1 coulomb = 625 x 1018 electrons
Current = ChargeTime1 amp = 1 coulomb 1 sec
1 eV x 1 amp= 1 watt = 1 Jsec1 eV = 1602 x 10-19 J
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 34
Electron Beam Primer
500keV amp 15mAsqin E-Beam on a 1 sq in areaE-Beam power = 750 watt or 750 Jsec
Each electron will have500000 x 1602 x 10-19 = 8 x 10-14 J of energy
E-Beam will have15 x 10-3 1602 x 10-19 = 93633 x 1015 electrons per second
Each electron has the potential to achieve ~100000 interactions
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 35
Industrial Accelerator Design (linear)
Typical Numbers in range of interest450 to 1000 keV25 to 250 mA11 - 100 kW1
Efficiency 45 ndash 602
1 Robert W Hamm RampM Technical Enterprises Inc 9th ICFA Seminar ndash October 30 20082 Applied Energetics httpwwwappliedenergeticscomdownloadsproduct-offeringsnested-high-voltage-generatorpdf3 Kim et Al amp NHV Japan amp Bulgaria Power Plant
Source of Electrons
Acceleration Modules
Electron beam
Large Scale Industrial Applications800 keV500 mA400 kW3
Efficiency up to 883
Vacuum
Foil
Target
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 36
Electron Beam Deposition
Maximum efficiency occurs when electron beam deposition depth is equal to reactor depthDeposition depth depends on these parametersbull Electron beam voltagebull Gas compositionbull Gas pressure (Limited by foil)bull Foil composition and thicknessre
acto
r dep
th=
d
ElectronBeam Voltage ndash Controls how FAR the electrons will go
Current - Controls how MANY electrons will go
Beam Energy
Beam
Dep
th
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 37
Electron Beam Deposition (continued)
Electron beam inVoltage VinCurrent IExposure time T
Electron beam outVoltage Vout = Vin - ∆VCurrent IExposure time T
Dose = ((Vin-Vout) times I times T) M
Dose = energy deposited per unit massUnit of dose 1 Joulekg = 1 Gray
mass M
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 38
Deposition into a Gas Flowing in a Reactor
Flow velocity v
Dose = (V (potential) times I (currentarea) times a (window area) v (velocity)) M (mass)
Mass M
ElectronBeam
e-beam window area = a
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
175 | 159 | 143 | 079 | 016 | 143 | 016 | 048 | 095 | 127 | 159 | 159 | ||||||||||||
143 | 079 | 063 | 063 | 032 | 095 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 095 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 095 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 048 | 063 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
127 | 111 | 063 | 095 | 159 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 238 | 111 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 175 | 19 | 175 | 19 | 111 | 111 | 143 | 143 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
19 | 206 | 206 | 222 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | 063 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
222 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 159 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
238 | 302 | 333 | 349 | 381 | 159 | 111 | 143 | 111 | 048 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
254 | 365 | 413 | 413 | 444 | 206 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 079 | 175 | 063 | ||||||||||||
317 | 429 | 46 | 476 | 46 | 254 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 238 | 079 | ||||||||||||
365 | 476 | 524 | 571 | 508 | 302 | 159 | 127 | 143 | 048 | 206 | 079 | ||||||||||||
413 | 556 | 619 | 667 | 571 | 381 | 175 | 127 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
476 | 635 | 714 | 73 | 635 | 429 | 222 | 159 | 19 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
556 | 714 | 825 | 825 | 73 | 46 | 254 | 175 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
635 | 825 | 952 | 937 | 81 | 54 | 286 | 175 | 159 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
698 | 984 | 1079 | 1032 | 873 | 603 | 333 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
73 | 1159 | 1238 | 1159 | 952 | 683 | 381 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 127 | 079 | ||||||||||||
778 | 1349 | 1429 | 1302 | 1111 | 73 | 429 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
857 | 1587 | 1603 | 1476 | 1238 | 81 | 476 | 27 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
952 | 1889 | 181 | 1651 | 1349 | 889 | 556 | 302 | 159 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1127 | 2238 | 2048 | 1841 | 146 | 984 | 603 | 317 | 19 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1397 | 2651 | 2317 | 2032 | 1603 | 1111 | 635 | 333 | 222 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1937 | 3095 | 2587 | 2238 | 1746 | 1222 | 698 | 381 | 222 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2968 | 3556 | 2889 | 246 | 1873 | 1302 | 762 | 429 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
4333 | 4063 | 3206 | 2667 | 2016 | 1397 | 825 | 46 | 254 | 048 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
5571 | 4603 | 3508 | 2873 | 2175 | 1556 | 889 | 476 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
6587 | 5127 | 3841 | 3079 | 2333 | 1667 | 10 | 524 | 238 | 032 | 175 | 111 | ||||||||||||
7556 | 5667 | 4175 | 3286 | 2492 | 173 | 1063 | 571 | 254 | 048 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
8587 | 6222 | 4476 | 3492 | 2603 | 1873 | 1095 | 603 | 27 | 048 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
9635 | 6746 | 4762 | 3714 | 273 | 2016 | 119 | 667 | 302 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
10619 | 7206 | 5048 | 3937 | 2889 | 2111 | 1286 | 698 | 333 | 095 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
11524 | 7635 | 5349 | 4143 | 3063 | 2222 | 1349 | 714 | 365 | 063 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12365 | 8079 | 5619 | 4317 | 319 | 2349 | 1413 | 762 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
13048 | 8508 | 5857 | 4508 | 3302 | 2444 | 1492 | 794 | 397 | 095 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13603 | 8825 | 6111 | 4667 | 3444 | 2508 | 1571 | 825 | 397 | 127 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14095 | 9095 | 6365 | 4841 | 3556 | 2635 | 1619 | 857 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14444 | 9365 | 6556 | 50 | 3683 | 2746 | 1683 | 921 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14746 | 9603 | 6714 | 5159 | 381 | 2794 | 1746 | 937 | 413 | 159 | 143 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15048 | 9841 | 6889 | 5286 | 3921 | 2873 | 181 | 968 | 444 | 175 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15349 | 10016 | 7079 | 5397 | 40 | 2968 | 1873 | 10 | 46 | 159 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15587 | 10206 | 7206 | 5508 | 4095 | 3032 | 1952 | 1048 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15778 | 10349 | 7317 | 5635 | 4159 | 3048 | 2016 | 1079 | 46 | 143 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
16048 | 10476 | 7444 | 573 | 4222 | 3127 | 2032 | 1095 | 492 | 127 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16571 | 10762 | 7587 | 5841 | 4333 | 3254 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16873 | 10889 | 7714 | 5905 | 4397 | 327 | 2127 | 1127 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17048 | 110 | 7825 | 5984 | 4429 | 3302 | 2143 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17524 | 11238 | 7968 | 6016 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17698 | 11381 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19016 | 1146 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 159 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18794 | 11476 | 7952 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 175 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17444 | 11206 | 7952 | 6032 | 4476 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12794 | 8333 | 5762 | 4429 | 327 | 2413 | 146 | 778 | 397 | 079 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
619 | 778 | 889 | 889 | 794 | 492 | 286 | 175 | 175 | 063 | 095 | 079 | ||||||||||||
524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
444 | 603 | 667 | 698 | 603 | 397 | 19 | 143 | 175 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
333 | 46 | 492 | 524 | 476 | 27 | 143 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 095 | ||||||||||||
286 | 413 | 444 | 444 | 444 | 238 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 079 | ||||||||||||
254 | 349 | 381 | 397 | 429 | 19 | 095 | 111 | 111 | 063 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 27
High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products
Sponsor
Funding $799997 DOE ($206000 co-funding) two year effort
Objective Develop a direct electron beam (E-Beam) synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide using carbon dioxide (CO2) captured from a coal-fired power plant and methane (natural gas)
Team Member Rolesbull Overall project integration and managementbull Design construct the E-Beam reactor and the testing unitbull Conceptual design for coal-fired power plants with DEBS
bull Provide guidance in E-Beam reactor design and E-Beam accelerator for testing
bull Develop a kinetic model for the E-Beam reactor
DE-FE0029787
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 28
Project Objectives
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this project is to develop the Direct E-Beam Synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide at relatively low severity (pressure being near one atmosphere and temperatures of lt150degC) from near-pure CO2 captured from a pulverized coal (PC)-fired power plant and methane imported as natural gas Creating valuable products will offset the cost of carbon capture and storage (CCS) The high energy output from an electron beam (E-Beam) accelerator will be used to break chemical bonds The project comprises two budget periods (BP) of 9 and 15 months each for a total duration of 24 months
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 29
Project ObjectivesBP Objectives
1
bull Complete design and manufacture of testing skid with E-Beam reactor for testing at IBAbull Successful commissioning of DEBS equipment at GTI and IBA
bull Identify at least two catalysts to control the recombination and increase the yields for more valuableproducts
bull Develop preliminary predictive kinetic model to guide BP2 testing
2
bull Determine key operating parameters at various E-Beam energies to maximize the per pass conversion of CO2 to valuable products control selectivities between various products and minimize E-Beam energy requirements
bull Identify operating conditions and catalyst combinations to further control selectivities between products and minimize overall energy requirements
bull Review experimental data to optimize and improve preliminary kinetic model developed in BP1bull Complete data analysis and reporting of the experimental runs
bull Complete economical assessment techno-economic analysis and perform life cycle analysis for the process
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 30
Experiments will be conducted in non-catalytic as well as catalytic modes A kinetic model will be developed by SUNY based on the collected data and will be
used to predict the chemical performance of the DEBS process A conceptual design for coupling the DEBS process to a coal-fired power plant will
be developed
This project will expand on the concept of DEBS to Develop a commercially viable process Minimize E-Beam energy requirements Maximize CO2 conversion Selectively control the yield of more valuable products using
catalysts
Innovation non-equilibrium process that breaks bonds directly unlike conventional chemistry that requires heating the entire molecule
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 31
Current technology for the commercial production of acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide requires High temperatures and pressures Expensive catalysts in multiple process steps High capital and operating costs
The DEBS process uses high-energy electron beams to break chemical bonds allowing production of the desired chemicals at near-ambient pressure and temperatures and has been demonstrated by other research groups at bench-scale
Successfully combining DEBS technology with CO2 captured from coal-fired power plant flue gas provides a low-cost energy-efficient process to produce valuable chemicals and reduce emissions
Advantages Over Traditional Processes
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 32
Electron Beam Deposition into Gas
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 33
Electron Beam Primer
V = Voltage (eV)I = Current (amp)V x I = Power (watt)
1eV = Kinetic energy of an electron accelerated to 1 voltCharge of an electron = 1602 x 10-19 coulombs
1 coulomb = 625 x 1018 electrons
Current = ChargeTime1 amp = 1 coulomb 1 sec
1 eV x 1 amp= 1 watt = 1 Jsec1 eV = 1602 x 10-19 J
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 34
Electron Beam Primer
500keV amp 15mAsqin E-Beam on a 1 sq in areaE-Beam power = 750 watt or 750 Jsec
Each electron will have500000 x 1602 x 10-19 = 8 x 10-14 J of energy
E-Beam will have15 x 10-3 1602 x 10-19 = 93633 x 1015 electrons per second
Each electron has the potential to achieve ~100000 interactions
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 35
Industrial Accelerator Design (linear)
Typical Numbers in range of interest450 to 1000 keV25 to 250 mA11 - 100 kW1
Efficiency 45 ndash 602
1 Robert W Hamm RampM Technical Enterprises Inc 9th ICFA Seminar ndash October 30 20082 Applied Energetics httpwwwappliedenergeticscomdownloadsproduct-offeringsnested-high-voltage-generatorpdf3 Kim et Al amp NHV Japan amp Bulgaria Power Plant
Source of Electrons
Acceleration Modules
Electron beam
Large Scale Industrial Applications800 keV500 mA400 kW3
Efficiency up to 883
Vacuum
Foil
Target
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 36
Electron Beam Deposition
Maximum efficiency occurs when electron beam deposition depth is equal to reactor depthDeposition depth depends on these parametersbull Electron beam voltagebull Gas compositionbull Gas pressure (Limited by foil)bull Foil composition and thicknessre
acto
r dep
th=
d
ElectronBeam Voltage ndash Controls how FAR the electrons will go
Current - Controls how MANY electrons will go
Beam Energy
Beam
Dep
th
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 37
Electron Beam Deposition (continued)
Electron beam inVoltage VinCurrent IExposure time T
Electron beam outVoltage Vout = Vin - ∆VCurrent IExposure time T
Dose = ((Vin-Vout) times I times T) M
Dose = energy deposited per unit massUnit of dose 1 Joulekg = 1 Gray
mass M
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 38
Deposition into a Gas Flowing in a Reactor
Flow velocity v
Dose = (V (potential) times I (currentarea) times a (window area) v (velocity)) M (mass)
Mass M
ElectronBeam
e-beam window area = a
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
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155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
175 | 159 | 143 | 079 | 016 | 143 | 016 | 048 | 095 | 127 | 159 | 159 | ||||||||||||
143 | 079 | 063 | 063 | 032 | 095 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 095 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 095 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 048 | 063 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
127 | 111 | 063 | 095 | 159 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 238 | 111 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 175 | 19 | 175 | 19 | 111 | 111 | 143 | 143 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
19 | 206 | 206 | 222 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | 063 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
222 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 159 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
238 | 302 | 333 | 349 | 381 | 159 | 111 | 143 | 111 | 048 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
254 | 365 | 413 | 413 | 444 | 206 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 079 | 175 | 063 | ||||||||||||
317 | 429 | 46 | 476 | 46 | 254 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 238 | 079 | ||||||||||||
365 | 476 | 524 | 571 | 508 | 302 | 159 | 127 | 143 | 048 | 206 | 079 | ||||||||||||
413 | 556 | 619 | 667 | 571 | 381 | 175 | 127 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
476 | 635 | 714 | 73 | 635 | 429 | 222 | 159 | 19 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
556 | 714 | 825 | 825 | 73 | 46 | 254 | 175 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
635 | 825 | 952 | 937 | 81 | 54 | 286 | 175 | 159 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
698 | 984 | 1079 | 1032 | 873 | 603 | 333 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
73 | 1159 | 1238 | 1159 | 952 | 683 | 381 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 127 | 079 | ||||||||||||
778 | 1349 | 1429 | 1302 | 1111 | 73 | 429 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
857 | 1587 | 1603 | 1476 | 1238 | 81 | 476 | 27 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
952 | 1889 | 181 | 1651 | 1349 | 889 | 556 | 302 | 159 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1127 | 2238 | 2048 | 1841 | 146 | 984 | 603 | 317 | 19 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1397 | 2651 | 2317 | 2032 | 1603 | 1111 | 635 | 333 | 222 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1937 | 3095 | 2587 | 2238 | 1746 | 1222 | 698 | 381 | 222 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2968 | 3556 | 2889 | 246 | 1873 | 1302 | 762 | 429 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
4333 | 4063 | 3206 | 2667 | 2016 | 1397 | 825 | 46 | 254 | 048 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
5571 | 4603 | 3508 | 2873 | 2175 | 1556 | 889 | 476 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
6587 | 5127 | 3841 | 3079 | 2333 | 1667 | 10 | 524 | 238 | 032 | 175 | 111 | ||||||||||||
7556 | 5667 | 4175 | 3286 | 2492 | 173 | 1063 | 571 | 254 | 048 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
8587 | 6222 | 4476 | 3492 | 2603 | 1873 | 1095 | 603 | 27 | 048 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
9635 | 6746 | 4762 | 3714 | 273 | 2016 | 119 | 667 | 302 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
10619 | 7206 | 5048 | 3937 | 2889 | 2111 | 1286 | 698 | 333 | 095 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
11524 | 7635 | 5349 | 4143 | 3063 | 2222 | 1349 | 714 | 365 | 063 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12365 | 8079 | 5619 | 4317 | 319 | 2349 | 1413 | 762 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
13048 | 8508 | 5857 | 4508 | 3302 | 2444 | 1492 | 794 | 397 | 095 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13603 | 8825 | 6111 | 4667 | 3444 | 2508 | 1571 | 825 | 397 | 127 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14095 | 9095 | 6365 | 4841 | 3556 | 2635 | 1619 | 857 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14444 | 9365 | 6556 | 50 | 3683 | 2746 | 1683 | 921 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14746 | 9603 | 6714 | 5159 | 381 | 2794 | 1746 | 937 | 413 | 159 | 143 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15048 | 9841 | 6889 | 5286 | 3921 | 2873 | 181 | 968 | 444 | 175 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15349 | 10016 | 7079 | 5397 | 40 | 2968 | 1873 | 10 | 46 | 159 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15587 | 10206 | 7206 | 5508 | 4095 | 3032 | 1952 | 1048 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15778 | 10349 | 7317 | 5635 | 4159 | 3048 | 2016 | 1079 | 46 | 143 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
16048 | 10476 | 7444 | 573 | 4222 | 3127 | 2032 | 1095 | 492 | 127 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16571 | 10762 | 7587 | 5841 | 4333 | 3254 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16873 | 10889 | 7714 | 5905 | 4397 | 327 | 2127 | 1127 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17048 | 110 | 7825 | 5984 | 4429 | 3302 | 2143 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17524 | 11238 | 7968 | 6016 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17698 | 11381 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19016 | 1146 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 159 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18794 | 11476 | 7952 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 175 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17444 | 11206 | 7952 | 6032 | 4476 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12794 | 8333 | 5762 | 4429 | 327 | 2413 | 146 | 778 | 397 | 079 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
619 | 778 | 889 | 889 | 794 | 492 | 286 | 175 | 175 | 063 | 095 | 079 | ||||||||||||
524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
444 | 603 | 667 | 698 | 603 | 397 | 19 | 143 | 175 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
333 | 46 | 492 | 524 | 476 | 27 | 143 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 095 | ||||||||||||
286 | 413 | 444 | 444 | 444 | 238 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 079 | ||||||||||||
254 | 349 | 381 | 397 | 429 | 19 | 095 | 111 | 111 | 063 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 28
Project Objectives
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this project is to develop the Direct E-Beam Synthesis (DEBS) process to produce valuable chemicals such as acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide at relatively low severity (pressure being near one atmosphere and temperatures of lt150degC) from near-pure CO2 captured from a pulverized coal (PC)-fired power plant and methane imported as natural gas Creating valuable products will offset the cost of carbon capture and storage (CCS) The high energy output from an electron beam (E-Beam) accelerator will be used to break chemical bonds The project comprises two budget periods (BP) of 9 and 15 months each for a total duration of 24 months
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 29
Project ObjectivesBP Objectives
1
bull Complete design and manufacture of testing skid with E-Beam reactor for testing at IBAbull Successful commissioning of DEBS equipment at GTI and IBA
bull Identify at least two catalysts to control the recombination and increase the yields for more valuableproducts
bull Develop preliminary predictive kinetic model to guide BP2 testing
2
bull Determine key operating parameters at various E-Beam energies to maximize the per pass conversion of CO2 to valuable products control selectivities between various products and minimize E-Beam energy requirements
bull Identify operating conditions and catalyst combinations to further control selectivities between products and minimize overall energy requirements
bull Review experimental data to optimize and improve preliminary kinetic model developed in BP1bull Complete data analysis and reporting of the experimental runs
bull Complete economical assessment techno-economic analysis and perform life cycle analysis for the process
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 30
Experiments will be conducted in non-catalytic as well as catalytic modes A kinetic model will be developed by SUNY based on the collected data and will be
used to predict the chemical performance of the DEBS process A conceptual design for coupling the DEBS process to a coal-fired power plant will
be developed
This project will expand on the concept of DEBS to Develop a commercially viable process Minimize E-Beam energy requirements Maximize CO2 conversion Selectively control the yield of more valuable products using
catalysts
Innovation non-equilibrium process that breaks bonds directly unlike conventional chemistry that requires heating the entire molecule
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 31
Current technology for the commercial production of acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide requires High temperatures and pressures Expensive catalysts in multiple process steps High capital and operating costs
The DEBS process uses high-energy electron beams to break chemical bonds allowing production of the desired chemicals at near-ambient pressure and temperatures and has been demonstrated by other research groups at bench-scale
Successfully combining DEBS technology with CO2 captured from coal-fired power plant flue gas provides a low-cost energy-efficient process to produce valuable chemicals and reduce emissions
Advantages Over Traditional Processes
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 32
Electron Beam Deposition into Gas
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 33
Electron Beam Primer
V = Voltage (eV)I = Current (amp)V x I = Power (watt)
1eV = Kinetic energy of an electron accelerated to 1 voltCharge of an electron = 1602 x 10-19 coulombs
1 coulomb = 625 x 1018 electrons
Current = ChargeTime1 amp = 1 coulomb 1 sec
1 eV x 1 amp= 1 watt = 1 Jsec1 eV = 1602 x 10-19 J
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 34
Electron Beam Primer
500keV amp 15mAsqin E-Beam on a 1 sq in areaE-Beam power = 750 watt or 750 Jsec
Each electron will have500000 x 1602 x 10-19 = 8 x 10-14 J of energy
E-Beam will have15 x 10-3 1602 x 10-19 = 93633 x 1015 electrons per second
Each electron has the potential to achieve ~100000 interactions
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 35
Industrial Accelerator Design (linear)
Typical Numbers in range of interest450 to 1000 keV25 to 250 mA11 - 100 kW1
Efficiency 45 ndash 602
1 Robert W Hamm RampM Technical Enterprises Inc 9th ICFA Seminar ndash October 30 20082 Applied Energetics httpwwwappliedenergeticscomdownloadsproduct-offeringsnested-high-voltage-generatorpdf3 Kim et Al amp NHV Japan amp Bulgaria Power Plant
Source of Electrons
Acceleration Modules
Electron beam
Large Scale Industrial Applications800 keV500 mA400 kW3
Efficiency up to 883
Vacuum
Foil
Target
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 36
Electron Beam Deposition
Maximum efficiency occurs when electron beam deposition depth is equal to reactor depthDeposition depth depends on these parametersbull Electron beam voltagebull Gas compositionbull Gas pressure (Limited by foil)bull Foil composition and thicknessre
acto
r dep
th=
d
ElectronBeam Voltage ndash Controls how FAR the electrons will go
Current - Controls how MANY electrons will go
Beam Energy
Beam
Dep
th
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 37
Electron Beam Deposition (continued)
Electron beam inVoltage VinCurrent IExposure time T
Electron beam outVoltage Vout = Vin - ∆VCurrent IExposure time T
Dose = ((Vin-Vout) times I times T) M
Dose = energy deposited per unit massUnit of dose 1 Joulekg = 1 Gray
mass M
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 38
Deposition into a Gas Flowing in a Reactor
Flow velocity v
Dose = (V (potential) times I (currentarea) times a (window area) v (velocity)) M (mass)
Mass M
ElectronBeam
e-beam window area = a
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
175 | 159 | 143 | 079 | 016 | 143 | 016 | 048 | 095 | 127 | 159 | 159 | ||||||||||||
143 | 079 | 063 | 063 | 032 | 095 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 095 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 095 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 048 | 063 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
127 | 111 | 063 | 095 | 159 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 238 | 111 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 175 | 19 | 175 | 19 | 111 | 111 | 143 | 143 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
19 | 206 | 206 | 222 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | 063 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
222 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 159 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
238 | 302 | 333 | 349 | 381 | 159 | 111 | 143 | 111 | 048 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
254 | 365 | 413 | 413 | 444 | 206 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 079 | 175 | 063 | ||||||||||||
317 | 429 | 46 | 476 | 46 | 254 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 238 | 079 | ||||||||||||
365 | 476 | 524 | 571 | 508 | 302 | 159 | 127 | 143 | 048 | 206 | 079 | ||||||||||||
413 | 556 | 619 | 667 | 571 | 381 | 175 | 127 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
476 | 635 | 714 | 73 | 635 | 429 | 222 | 159 | 19 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
556 | 714 | 825 | 825 | 73 | 46 | 254 | 175 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
635 | 825 | 952 | 937 | 81 | 54 | 286 | 175 | 159 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
698 | 984 | 1079 | 1032 | 873 | 603 | 333 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
73 | 1159 | 1238 | 1159 | 952 | 683 | 381 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 127 | 079 | ||||||||||||
778 | 1349 | 1429 | 1302 | 1111 | 73 | 429 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
857 | 1587 | 1603 | 1476 | 1238 | 81 | 476 | 27 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
952 | 1889 | 181 | 1651 | 1349 | 889 | 556 | 302 | 159 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1127 | 2238 | 2048 | 1841 | 146 | 984 | 603 | 317 | 19 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1397 | 2651 | 2317 | 2032 | 1603 | 1111 | 635 | 333 | 222 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1937 | 3095 | 2587 | 2238 | 1746 | 1222 | 698 | 381 | 222 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2968 | 3556 | 2889 | 246 | 1873 | 1302 | 762 | 429 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
4333 | 4063 | 3206 | 2667 | 2016 | 1397 | 825 | 46 | 254 | 048 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
5571 | 4603 | 3508 | 2873 | 2175 | 1556 | 889 | 476 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
6587 | 5127 | 3841 | 3079 | 2333 | 1667 | 10 | 524 | 238 | 032 | 175 | 111 | ||||||||||||
7556 | 5667 | 4175 | 3286 | 2492 | 173 | 1063 | 571 | 254 | 048 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
8587 | 6222 | 4476 | 3492 | 2603 | 1873 | 1095 | 603 | 27 | 048 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
9635 | 6746 | 4762 | 3714 | 273 | 2016 | 119 | 667 | 302 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
10619 | 7206 | 5048 | 3937 | 2889 | 2111 | 1286 | 698 | 333 | 095 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
11524 | 7635 | 5349 | 4143 | 3063 | 2222 | 1349 | 714 | 365 | 063 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12365 | 8079 | 5619 | 4317 | 319 | 2349 | 1413 | 762 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
13048 | 8508 | 5857 | 4508 | 3302 | 2444 | 1492 | 794 | 397 | 095 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13603 | 8825 | 6111 | 4667 | 3444 | 2508 | 1571 | 825 | 397 | 127 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14095 | 9095 | 6365 | 4841 | 3556 | 2635 | 1619 | 857 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14444 | 9365 | 6556 | 50 | 3683 | 2746 | 1683 | 921 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14746 | 9603 | 6714 | 5159 | 381 | 2794 | 1746 | 937 | 413 | 159 | 143 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15048 | 9841 | 6889 | 5286 | 3921 | 2873 | 181 | 968 | 444 | 175 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15349 | 10016 | 7079 | 5397 | 40 | 2968 | 1873 | 10 | 46 | 159 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15587 | 10206 | 7206 | 5508 | 4095 | 3032 | 1952 | 1048 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15778 | 10349 | 7317 | 5635 | 4159 | 3048 | 2016 | 1079 | 46 | 143 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
16048 | 10476 | 7444 | 573 | 4222 | 3127 | 2032 | 1095 | 492 | 127 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16571 | 10762 | 7587 | 5841 | 4333 | 3254 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16873 | 10889 | 7714 | 5905 | 4397 | 327 | 2127 | 1127 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17048 | 110 | 7825 | 5984 | 4429 | 3302 | 2143 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17524 | 11238 | 7968 | 6016 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17698 | 11381 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19016 | 1146 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 159 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18794 | 11476 | 7952 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 175 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17444 | 11206 | 7952 | 6032 | 4476 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12794 | 8333 | 5762 | 4429 | 327 | 2413 | 146 | 778 | 397 | 079 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
619 | 778 | 889 | 889 | 794 | 492 | 286 | 175 | 175 | 063 | 095 | 079 | ||||||||||||
524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
444 | 603 | 667 | 698 | 603 | 397 | 19 | 143 | 175 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
333 | 46 | 492 | 524 | 476 | 27 | 143 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 095 | ||||||||||||
286 | 413 | 444 | 444 | 444 | 238 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 079 | ||||||||||||
254 | 349 | 381 | 397 | 429 | 19 | 095 | 111 | 111 | 063 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 29
Project ObjectivesBP Objectives
1
bull Complete design and manufacture of testing skid with E-Beam reactor for testing at IBAbull Successful commissioning of DEBS equipment at GTI and IBA
bull Identify at least two catalysts to control the recombination and increase the yields for more valuableproducts
bull Develop preliminary predictive kinetic model to guide BP2 testing
2
bull Determine key operating parameters at various E-Beam energies to maximize the per pass conversion of CO2 to valuable products control selectivities between various products and minimize E-Beam energy requirements
bull Identify operating conditions and catalyst combinations to further control selectivities between products and minimize overall energy requirements
bull Review experimental data to optimize and improve preliminary kinetic model developed in BP1bull Complete data analysis and reporting of the experimental runs
bull Complete economical assessment techno-economic analysis and perform life cycle analysis for the process
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 30
Experiments will be conducted in non-catalytic as well as catalytic modes A kinetic model will be developed by SUNY based on the collected data and will be
used to predict the chemical performance of the DEBS process A conceptual design for coupling the DEBS process to a coal-fired power plant will
be developed
This project will expand on the concept of DEBS to Develop a commercially viable process Minimize E-Beam energy requirements Maximize CO2 conversion Selectively control the yield of more valuable products using
catalysts
Innovation non-equilibrium process that breaks bonds directly unlike conventional chemistry that requires heating the entire molecule
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 31
Current technology for the commercial production of acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide requires High temperatures and pressures Expensive catalysts in multiple process steps High capital and operating costs
The DEBS process uses high-energy electron beams to break chemical bonds allowing production of the desired chemicals at near-ambient pressure and temperatures and has been demonstrated by other research groups at bench-scale
Successfully combining DEBS technology with CO2 captured from coal-fired power plant flue gas provides a low-cost energy-efficient process to produce valuable chemicals and reduce emissions
Advantages Over Traditional Processes
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 32
Electron Beam Deposition into Gas
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 33
Electron Beam Primer
V = Voltage (eV)I = Current (amp)V x I = Power (watt)
1eV = Kinetic energy of an electron accelerated to 1 voltCharge of an electron = 1602 x 10-19 coulombs
1 coulomb = 625 x 1018 electrons
Current = ChargeTime1 amp = 1 coulomb 1 sec
1 eV x 1 amp= 1 watt = 1 Jsec1 eV = 1602 x 10-19 J
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 34
Electron Beam Primer
500keV amp 15mAsqin E-Beam on a 1 sq in areaE-Beam power = 750 watt or 750 Jsec
Each electron will have500000 x 1602 x 10-19 = 8 x 10-14 J of energy
E-Beam will have15 x 10-3 1602 x 10-19 = 93633 x 1015 electrons per second
Each electron has the potential to achieve ~100000 interactions
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 35
Industrial Accelerator Design (linear)
Typical Numbers in range of interest450 to 1000 keV25 to 250 mA11 - 100 kW1
Efficiency 45 ndash 602
1 Robert W Hamm RampM Technical Enterprises Inc 9th ICFA Seminar ndash October 30 20082 Applied Energetics httpwwwappliedenergeticscomdownloadsproduct-offeringsnested-high-voltage-generatorpdf3 Kim et Al amp NHV Japan amp Bulgaria Power Plant
Source of Electrons
Acceleration Modules
Electron beam
Large Scale Industrial Applications800 keV500 mA400 kW3
Efficiency up to 883
Vacuum
Foil
Target
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 36
Electron Beam Deposition
Maximum efficiency occurs when electron beam deposition depth is equal to reactor depthDeposition depth depends on these parametersbull Electron beam voltagebull Gas compositionbull Gas pressure (Limited by foil)bull Foil composition and thicknessre
acto
r dep
th=
d
ElectronBeam Voltage ndash Controls how FAR the electrons will go
Current - Controls how MANY electrons will go
Beam Energy
Beam
Dep
th
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 37
Electron Beam Deposition (continued)
Electron beam inVoltage VinCurrent IExposure time T
Electron beam outVoltage Vout = Vin - ∆VCurrent IExposure time T
Dose = ((Vin-Vout) times I times T) M
Dose = energy deposited per unit massUnit of dose 1 Joulekg = 1 Gray
mass M
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 38
Deposition into a Gas Flowing in a Reactor
Flow velocity v
Dose = (V (potential) times I (currentarea) times a (window area) v (velocity)) M (mass)
Mass M
ElectronBeam
e-beam window area = a
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
175 | 159 | 143 | 079 | 016 | 143 | 016 | 048 | 095 | 127 | 159 | 159 | ||||||||||||
143 | 079 | 063 | 063 | 032 | 095 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 095 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 095 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 048 | 063 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
127 | 111 | 063 | 095 | 159 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 238 | 111 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 175 | 19 | 175 | 19 | 111 | 111 | 143 | 143 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
19 | 206 | 206 | 222 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | 063 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
222 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 159 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
238 | 302 | 333 | 349 | 381 | 159 | 111 | 143 | 111 | 048 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
254 | 365 | 413 | 413 | 444 | 206 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 079 | 175 | 063 | ||||||||||||
317 | 429 | 46 | 476 | 46 | 254 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 238 | 079 | ||||||||||||
365 | 476 | 524 | 571 | 508 | 302 | 159 | 127 | 143 | 048 | 206 | 079 | ||||||||||||
413 | 556 | 619 | 667 | 571 | 381 | 175 | 127 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
476 | 635 | 714 | 73 | 635 | 429 | 222 | 159 | 19 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
556 | 714 | 825 | 825 | 73 | 46 | 254 | 175 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
635 | 825 | 952 | 937 | 81 | 54 | 286 | 175 | 159 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
698 | 984 | 1079 | 1032 | 873 | 603 | 333 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
73 | 1159 | 1238 | 1159 | 952 | 683 | 381 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 127 | 079 | ||||||||||||
778 | 1349 | 1429 | 1302 | 1111 | 73 | 429 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
857 | 1587 | 1603 | 1476 | 1238 | 81 | 476 | 27 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
952 | 1889 | 181 | 1651 | 1349 | 889 | 556 | 302 | 159 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1127 | 2238 | 2048 | 1841 | 146 | 984 | 603 | 317 | 19 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1397 | 2651 | 2317 | 2032 | 1603 | 1111 | 635 | 333 | 222 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1937 | 3095 | 2587 | 2238 | 1746 | 1222 | 698 | 381 | 222 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2968 | 3556 | 2889 | 246 | 1873 | 1302 | 762 | 429 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
4333 | 4063 | 3206 | 2667 | 2016 | 1397 | 825 | 46 | 254 | 048 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
5571 | 4603 | 3508 | 2873 | 2175 | 1556 | 889 | 476 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
6587 | 5127 | 3841 | 3079 | 2333 | 1667 | 10 | 524 | 238 | 032 | 175 | 111 | ||||||||||||
7556 | 5667 | 4175 | 3286 | 2492 | 173 | 1063 | 571 | 254 | 048 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
8587 | 6222 | 4476 | 3492 | 2603 | 1873 | 1095 | 603 | 27 | 048 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
9635 | 6746 | 4762 | 3714 | 273 | 2016 | 119 | 667 | 302 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
10619 | 7206 | 5048 | 3937 | 2889 | 2111 | 1286 | 698 | 333 | 095 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
11524 | 7635 | 5349 | 4143 | 3063 | 2222 | 1349 | 714 | 365 | 063 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12365 | 8079 | 5619 | 4317 | 319 | 2349 | 1413 | 762 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
13048 | 8508 | 5857 | 4508 | 3302 | 2444 | 1492 | 794 | 397 | 095 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13603 | 8825 | 6111 | 4667 | 3444 | 2508 | 1571 | 825 | 397 | 127 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14095 | 9095 | 6365 | 4841 | 3556 | 2635 | 1619 | 857 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14444 | 9365 | 6556 | 50 | 3683 | 2746 | 1683 | 921 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14746 | 9603 | 6714 | 5159 | 381 | 2794 | 1746 | 937 | 413 | 159 | 143 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15048 | 9841 | 6889 | 5286 | 3921 | 2873 | 181 | 968 | 444 | 175 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15349 | 10016 | 7079 | 5397 | 40 | 2968 | 1873 | 10 | 46 | 159 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15587 | 10206 | 7206 | 5508 | 4095 | 3032 | 1952 | 1048 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15778 | 10349 | 7317 | 5635 | 4159 | 3048 | 2016 | 1079 | 46 | 143 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
16048 | 10476 | 7444 | 573 | 4222 | 3127 | 2032 | 1095 | 492 | 127 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16571 | 10762 | 7587 | 5841 | 4333 | 3254 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16873 | 10889 | 7714 | 5905 | 4397 | 327 | 2127 | 1127 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17048 | 110 | 7825 | 5984 | 4429 | 3302 | 2143 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17524 | 11238 | 7968 | 6016 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17698 | 11381 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19016 | 1146 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 159 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18794 | 11476 | 7952 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 175 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17444 | 11206 | 7952 | 6032 | 4476 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12794 | 8333 | 5762 | 4429 | 327 | 2413 | 146 | 778 | 397 | 079 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
619 | 778 | 889 | 889 | 794 | 492 | 286 | 175 | 175 | 063 | 095 | 079 | ||||||||||||
524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
444 | 603 | 667 | 698 | 603 | 397 | 19 | 143 | 175 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
333 | 46 | 492 | 524 | 476 | 27 | 143 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 095 | ||||||||||||
286 | 413 | 444 | 444 | 444 | 238 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 079 | ||||||||||||
254 | 349 | 381 | 397 | 429 | 19 | 095 | 111 | 111 | 063 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 30
Experiments will be conducted in non-catalytic as well as catalytic modes A kinetic model will be developed by SUNY based on the collected data and will be
used to predict the chemical performance of the DEBS process A conceptual design for coupling the DEBS process to a coal-fired power plant will
be developed
This project will expand on the concept of DEBS to Develop a commercially viable process Minimize E-Beam energy requirements Maximize CO2 conversion Selectively control the yield of more valuable products using
catalysts
Innovation non-equilibrium process that breaks bonds directly unlike conventional chemistry that requires heating the entire molecule
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 31
Current technology for the commercial production of acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide requires High temperatures and pressures Expensive catalysts in multiple process steps High capital and operating costs
The DEBS process uses high-energy electron beams to break chemical bonds allowing production of the desired chemicals at near-ambient pressure and temperatures and has been demonstrated by other research groups at bench-scale
Successfully combining DEBS technology with CO2 captured from coal-fired power plant flue gas provides a low-cost energy-efficient process to produce valuable chemicals and reduce emissions
Advantages Over Traditional Processes
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 32
Electron Beam Deposition into Gas
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 33
Electron Beam Primer
V = Voltage (eV)I = Current (amp)V x I = Power (watt)
1eV = Kinetic energy of an electron accelerated to 1 voltCharge of an electron = 1602 x 10-19 coulombs
1 coulomb = 625 x 1018 electrons
Current = ChargeTime1 amp = 1 coulomb 1 sec
1 eV x 1 amp= 1 watt = 1 Jsec1 eV = 1602 x 10-19 J
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 34
Electron Beam Primer
500keV amp 15mAsqin E-Beam on a 1 sq in areaE-Beam power = 750 watt or 750 Jsec
Each electron will have500000 x 1602 x 10-19 = 8 x 10-14 J of energy
E-Beam will have15 x 10-3 1602 x 10-19 = 93633 x 1015 electrons per second
Each electron has the potential to achieve ~100000 interactions
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 35
Industrial Accelerator Design (linear)
Typical Numbers in range of interest450 to 1000 keV25 to 250 mA11 - 100 kW1
Efficiency 45 ndash 602
1 Robert W Hamm RampM Technical Enterprises Inc 9th ICFA Seminar ndash October 30 20082 Applied Energetics httpwwwappliedenergeticscomdownloadsproduct-offeringsnested-high-voltage-generatorpdf3 Kim et Al amp NHV Japan amp Bulgaria Power Plant
Source of Electrons
Acceleration Modules
Electron beam
Large Scale Industrial Applications800 keV500 mA400 kW3
Efficiency up to 883
Vacuum
Foil
Target
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 36
Electron Beam Deposition
Maximum efficiency occurs when electron beam deposition depth is equal to reactor depthDeposition depth depends on these parametersbull Electron beam voltagebull Gas compositionbull Gas pressure (Limited by foil)bull Foil composition and thicknessre
acto
r dep
th=
d
ElectronBeam Voltage ndash Controls how FAR the electrons will go
Current - Controls how MANY electrons will go
Beam Energy
Beam
Dep
th
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 37
Electron Beam Deposition (continued)
Electron beam inVoltage VinCurrent IExposure time T
Electron beam outVoltage Vout = Vin - ∆VCurrent IExposure time T
Dose = ((Vin-Vout) times I times T) M
Dose = energy deposited per unit massUnit of dose 1 Joulekg = 1 Gray
mass M
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 38
Deposition into a Gas Flowing in a Reactor
Flow velocity v
Dose = (V (potential) times I (currentarea) times a (window area) v (velocity)) M (mass)
Mass M
ElectronBeam
e-beam window area = a
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
175 | 159 | 143 | 079 | 016 | 143 | 016 | 048 | 095 | 127 | 159 | 159 | ||||||||||||
143 | 079 | 063 | 063 | 032 | 095 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 095 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 095 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 048 | 063 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
127 | 111 | 063 | 095 | 159 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 238 | 111 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 175 | 19 | 175 | 19 | 111 | 111 | 143 | 143 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
19 | 206 | 206 | 222 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | 063 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
222 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 159 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
238 | 302 | 333 | 349 | 381 | 159 | 111 | 143 | 111 | 048 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
254 | 365 | 413 | 413 | 444 | 206 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 079 | 175 | 063 | ||||||||||||
317 | 429 | 46 | 476 | 46 | 254 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 238 | 079 | ||||||||||||
365 | 476 | 524 | 571 | 508 | 302 | 159 | 127 | 143 | 048 | 206 | 079 | ||||||||||||
413 | 556 | 619 | 667 | 571 | 381 | 175 | 127 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
476 | 635 | 714 | 73 | 635 | 429 | 222 | 159 | 19 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
556 | 714 | 825 | 825 | 73 | 46 | 254 | 175 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
635 | 825 | 952 | 937 | 81 | 54 | 286 | 175 | 159 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
698 | 984 | 1079 | 1032 | 873 | 603 | 333 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
73 | 1159 | 1238 | 1159 | 952 | 683 | 381 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 127 | 079 | ||||||||||||
778 | 1349 | 1429 | 1302 | 1111 | 73 | 429 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
857 | 1587 | 1603 | 1476 | 1238 | 81 | 476 | 27 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
952 | 1889 | 181 | 1651 | 1349 | 889 | 556 | 302 | 159 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1127 | 2238 | 2048 | 1841 | 146 | 984 | 603 | 317 | 19 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1397 | 2651 | 2317 | 2032 | 1603 | 1111 | 635 | 333 | 222 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1937 | 3095 | 2587 | 2238 | 1746 | 1222 | 698 | 381 | 222 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2968 | 3556 | 2889 | 246 | 1873 | 1302 | 762 | 429 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
4333 | 4063 | 3206 | 2667 | 2016 | 1397 | 825 | 46 | 254 | 048 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
5571 | 4603 | 3508 | 2873 | 2175 | 1556 | 889 | 476 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
6587 | 5127 | 3841 | 3079 | 2333 | 1667 | 10 | 524 | 238 | 032 | 175 | 111 | ||||||||||||
7556 | 5667 | 4175 | 3286 | 2492 | 173 | 1063 | 571 | 254 | 048 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
8587 | 6222 | 4476 | 3492 | 2603 | 1873 | 1095 | 603 | 27 | 048 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
9635 | 6746 | 4762 | 3714 | 273 | 2016 | 119 | 667 | 302 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
10619 | 7206 | 5048 | 3937 | 2889 | 2111 | 1286 | 698 | 333 | 095 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
11524 | 7635 | 5349 | 4143 | 3063 | 2222 | 1349 | 714 | 365 | 063 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12365 | 8079 | 5619 | 4317 | 319 | 2349 | 1413 | 762 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
13048 | 8508 | 5857 | 4508 | 3302 | 2444 | 1492 | 794 | 397 | 095 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13603 | 8825 | 6111 | 4667 | 3444 | 2508 | 1571 | 825 | 397 | 127 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14095 | 9095 | 6365 | 4841 | 3556 | 2635 | 1619 | 857 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14444 | 9365 | 6556 | 50 | 3683 | 2746 | 1683 | 921 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14746 | 9603 | 6714 | 5159 | 381 | 2794 | 1746 | 937 | 413 | 159 | 143 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15048 | 9841 | 6889 | 5286 | 3921 | 2873 | 181 | 968 | 444 | 175 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15349 | 10016 | 7079 | 5397 | 40 | 2968 | 1873 | 10 | 46 | 159 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15587 | 10206 | 7206 | 5508 | 4095 | 3032 | 1952 | 1048 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15778 | 10349 | 7317 | 5635 | 4159 | 3048 | 2016 | 1079 | 46 | 143 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
16048 | 10476 | 7444 | 573 | 4222 | 3127 | 2032 | 1095 | 492 | 127 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16571 | 10762 | 7587 | 5841 | 4333 | 3254 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16873 | 10889 | 7714 | 5905 | 4397 | 327 | 2127 | 1127 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17048 | 110 | 7825 | 5984 | 4429 | 3302 | 2143 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17524 | 11238 | 7968 | 6016 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17698 | 11381 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19016 | 1146 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 159 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18794 | 11476 | 7952 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 175 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17444 | 11206 | 7952 | 6032 | 4476 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12794 | 8333 | 5762 | 4429 | 327 | 2413 | 146 | 778 | 397 | 079 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
619 | 778 | 889 | 889 | 794 | 492 | 286 | 175 | 175 | 063 | 095 | 079 | ||||||||||||
524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
444 | 603 | 667 | 698 | 603 | 397 | 19 | 143 | 175 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
333 | 46 | 492 | 524 | 476 | 27 | 143 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 095 | ||||||||||||
286 | 413 | 444 | 444 | 444 | 238 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 079 | ||||||||||||
254 | 349 | 381 | 397 | 429 | 19 | 095 | 111 | 111 | 063 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 31
Current technology for the commercial production of acetic acid methanol and carbon monoxide requires High temperatures and pressures Expensive catalysts in multiple process steps High capital and operating costs
The DEBS process uses high-energy electron beams to break chemical bonds allowing production of the desired chemicals at near-ambient pressure and temperatures and has been demonstrated by other research groups at bench-scale
Successfully combining DEBS technology with CO2 captured from coal-fired power plant flue gas provides a low-cost energy-efficient process to produce valuable chemicals and reduce emissions
Advantages Over Traditional Processes
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 32
Electron Beam Deposition into Gas
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 33
Electron Beam Primer
V = Voltage (eV)I = Current (amp)V x I = Power (watt)
1eV = Kinetic energy of an electron accelerated to 1 voltCharge of an electron = 1602 x 10-19 coulombs
1 coulomb = 625 x 1018 electrons
Current = ChargeTime1 amp = 1 coulomb 1 sec
1 eV x 1 amp= 1 watt = 1 Jsec1 eV = 1602 x 10-19 J
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 34
Electron Beam Primer
500keV amp 15mAsqin E-Beam on a 1 sq in areaE-Beam power = 750 watt or 750 Jsec
Each electron will have500000 x 1602 x 10-19 = 8 x 10-14 J of energy
E-Beam will have15 x 10-3 1602 x 10-19 = 93633 x 1015 electrons per second
Each electron has the potential to achieve ~100000 interactions
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 35
Industrial Accelerator Design (linear)
Typical Numbers in range of interest450 to 1000 keV25 to 250 mA11 - 100 kW1
Efficiency 45 ndash 602
1 Robert W Hamm RampM Technical Enterprises Inc 9th ICFA Seminar ndash October 30 20082 Applied Energetics httpwwwappliedenergeticscomdownloadsproduct-offeringsnested-high-voltage-generatorpdf3 Kim et Al amp NHV Japan amp Bulgaria Power Plant
Source of Electrons
Acceleration Modules
Electron beam
Large Scale Industrial Applications800 keV500 mA400 kW3
Efficiency up to 883
Vacuum
Foil
Target
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 36
Electron Beam Deposition
Maximum efficiency occurs when electron beam deposition depth is equal to reactor depthDeposition depth depends on these parametersbull Electron beam voltagebull Gas compositionbull Gas pressure (Limited by foil)bull Foil composition and thicknessre
acto
r dep
th=
d
ElectronBeam Voltage ndash Controls how FAR the electrons will go
Current - Controls how MANY electrons will go
Beam Energy
Beam
Dep
th
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 37
Electron Beam Deposition (continued)
Electron beam inVoltage VinCurrent IExposure time T
Electron beam outVoltage Vout = Vin - ∆VCurrent IExposure time T
Dose = ((Vin-Vout) times I times T) M
Dose = energy deposited per unit massUnit of dose 1 Joulekg = 1 Gray
mass M
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 38
Deposition into a Gas Flowing in a Reactor
Flow velocity v
Dose = (V (potential) times I (currentarea) times a (window area) v (velocity)) M (mass)
Mass M
ElectronBeam
e-beam window area = a
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
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120
125
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180
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200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
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S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
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gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
175 | 159 | 143 | 079 | 016 | 143 | 016 | 048 | 095 | 127 | 159 | 159 | ||||||||||||
143 | 079 | 063 | 063 | 032 | 095 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 095 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 095 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 048 | 063 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
127 | 111 | 063 | 095 | 159 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 238 | 111 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 175 | 19 | 175 | 19 | 111 | 111 | 143 | 143 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
19 | 206 | 206 | 222 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | 063 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
222 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 159 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
238 | 302 | 333 | 349 | 381 | 159 | 111 | 143 | 111 | 048 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
254 | 365 | 413 | 413 | 444 | 206 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 079 | 175 | 063 | ||||||||||||
317 | 429 | 46 | 476 | 46 | 254 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 238 | 079 | ||||||||||||
365 | 476 | 524 | 571 | 508 | 302 | 159 | 127 | 143 | 048 | 206 | 079 | ||||||||||||
413 | 556 | 619 | 667 | 571 | 381 | 175 | 127 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
476 | 635 | 714 | 73 | 635 | 429 | 222 | 159 | 19 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
556 | 714 | 825 | 825 | 73 | 46 | 254 | 175 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
635 | 825 | 952 | 937 | 81 | 54 | 286 | 175 | 159 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
698 | 984 | 1079 | 1032 | 873 | 603 | 333 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
73 | 1159 | 1238 | 1159 | 952 | 683 | 381 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 127 | 079 | ||||||||||||
778 | 1349 | 1429 | 1302 | 1111 | 73 | 429 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
857 | 1587 | 1603 | 1476 | 1238 | 81 | 476 | 27 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
952 | 1889 | 181 | 1651 | 1349 | 889 | 556 | 302 | 159 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1127 | 2238 | 2048 | 1841 | 146 | 984 | 603 | 317 | 19 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1397 | 2651 | 2317 | 2032 | 1603 | 1111 | 635 | 333 | 222 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1937 | 3095 | 2587 | 2238 | 1746 | 1222 | 698 | 381 | 222 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2968 | 3556 | 2889 | 246 | 1873 | 1302 | 762 | 429 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
4333 | 4063 | 3206 | 2667 | 2016 | 1397 | 825 | 46 | 254 | 048 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
5571 | 4603 | 3508 | 2873 | 2175 | 1556 | 889 | 476 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
6587 | 5127 | 3841 | 3079 | 2333 | 1667 | 10 | 524 | 238 | 032 | 175 | 111 | ||||||||||||
7556 | 5667 | 4175 | 3286 | 2492 | 173 | 1063 | 571 | 254 | 048 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
8587 | 6222 | 4476 | 3492 | 2603 | 1873 | 1095 | 603 | 27 | 048 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
9635 | 6746 | 4762 | 3714 | 273 | 2016 | 119 | 667 | 302 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
10619 | 7206 | 5048 | 3937 | 2889 | 2111 | 1286 | 698 | 333 | 095 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
11524 | 7635 | 5349 | 4143 | 3063 | 2222 | 1349 | 714 | 365 | 063 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12365 | 8079 | 5619 | 4317 | 319 | 2349 | 1413 | 762 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
13048 | 8508 | 5857 | 4508 | 3302 | 2444 | 1492 | 794 | 397 | 095 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13603 | 8825 | 6111 | 4667 | 3444 | 2508 | 1571 | 825 | 397 | 127 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14095 | 9095 | 6365 | 4841 | 3556 | 2635 | 1619 | 857 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14444 | 9365 | 6556 | 50 | 3683 | 2746 | 1683 | 921 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14746 | 9603 | 6714 | 5159 | 381 | 2794 | 1746 | 937 | 413 | 159 | 143 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15048 | 9841 | 6889 | 5286 | 3921 | 2873 | 181 | 968 | 444 | 175 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15349 | 10016 | 7079 | 5397 | 40 | 2968 | 1873 | 10 | 46 | 159 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15587 | 10206 | 7206 | 5508 | 4095 | 3032 | 1952 | 1048 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15778 | 10349 | 7317 | 5635 | 4159 | 3048 | 2016 | 1079 | 46 | 143 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
16048 | 10476 | 7444 | 573 | 4222 | 3127 | 2032 | 1095 | 492 | 127 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16571 | 10762 | 7587 | 5841 | 4333 | 3254 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16873 | 10889 | 7714 | 5905 | 4397 | 327 | 2127 | 1127 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17048 | 110 | 7825 | 5984 | 4429 | 3302 | 2143 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17524 | 11238 | 7968 | 6016 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17698 | 11381 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19016 | 1146 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 159 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18794 | 11476 | 7952 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 175 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17444 | 11206 | 7952 | 6032 | 4476 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12794 | 8333 | 5762 | 4429 | 327 | 2413 | 146 | 778 | 397 | 079 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
619 | 778 | 889 | 889 | 794 | 492 | 286 | 175 | 175 | 063 | 095 | 079 | ||||||||||||
524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
444 | 603 | 667 | 698 | 603 | 397 | 19 | 143 | 175 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
333 | 46 | 492 | 524 | 476 | 27 | 143 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 095 | ||||||||||||
286 | 413 | 444 | 444 | 444 | 238 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 079 | ||||||||||||
254 | 349 | 381 | 397 | 429 | 19 | 095 | 111 | 111 | 063 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 32
Electron Beam Deposition into Gas
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 33
Electron Beam Primer
V = Voltage (eV)I = Current (amp)V x I = Power (watt)
1eV = Kinetic energy of an electron accelerated to 1 voltCharge of an electron = 1602 x 10-19 coulombs
1 coulomb = 625 x 1018 electrons
Current = ChargeTime1 amp = 1 coulomb 1 sec
1 eV x 1 amp= 1 watt = 1 Jsec1 eV = 1602 x 10-19 J
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 34
Electron Beam Primer
500keV amp 15mAsqin E-Beam on a 1 sq in areaE-Beam power = 750 watt or 750 Jsec
Each electron will have500000 x 1602 x 10-19 = 8 x 10-14 J of energy
E-Beam will have15 x 10-3 1602 x 10-19 = 93633 x 1015 electrons per second
Each electron has the potential to achieve ~100000 interactions
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 35
Industrial Accelerator Design (linear)
Typical Numbers in range of interest450 to 1000 keV25 to 250 mA11 - 100 kW1
Efficiency 45 ndash 602
1 Robert W Hamm RampM Technical Enterprises Inc 9th ICFA Seminar ndash October 30 20082 Applied Energetics httpwwwappliedenergeticscomdownloadsproduct-offeringsnested-high-voltage-generatorpdf3 Kim et Al amp NHV Japan amp Bulgaria Power Plant
Source of Electrons
Acceleration Modules
Electron beam
Large Scale Industrial Applications800 keV500 mA400 kW3
Efficiency up to 883
Vacuum
Foil
Target
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 36
Electron Beam Deposition
Maximum efficiency occurs when electron beam deposition depth is equal to reactor depthDeposition depth depends on these parametersbull Electron beam voltagebull Gas compositionbull Gas pressure (Limited by foil)bull Foil composition and thicknessre
acto
r dep
th=
d
ElectronBeam Voltage ndash Controls how FAR the electrons will go
Current - Controls how MANY electrons will go
Beam Energy
Beam
Dep
th
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 37
Electron Beam Deposition (continued)
Electron beam inVoltage VinCurrent IExposure time T
Electron beam outVoltage Vout = Vin - ∆VCurrent IExposure time T
Dose = ((Vin-Vout) times I times T) M
Dose = energy deposited per unit massUnit of dose 1 Joulekg = 1 Gray
mass M
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 38
Deposition into a Gas Flowing in a Reactor
Flow velocity v
Dose = (V (potential) times I (currentarea) times a (window area) v (velocity)) M (mass)
Mass M
ElectronBeam
e-beam window area = a
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
175 | 159 | 143 | 079 | 016 | 143 | 016 | 048 | 095 | 127 | 159 | 159 | ||||||||||||
143 | 079 | 063 | 063 | 032 | 095 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 095 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 095 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 048 | 063 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
127 | 111 | 063 | 095 | 159 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 238 | 111 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 175 | 19 | 175 | 19 | 111 | 111 | 143 | 143 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
19 | 206 | 206 | 222 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | 063 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
222 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 159 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
238 | 302 | 333 | 349 | 381 | 159 | 111 | 143 | 111 | 048 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
254 | 365 | 413 | 413 | 444 | 206 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 079 | 175 | 063 | ||||||||||||
317 | 429 | 46 | 476 | 46 | 254 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 238 | 079 | ||||||||||||
365 | 476 | 524 | 571 | 508 | 302 | 159 | 127 | 143 | 048 | 206 | 079 | ||||||||||||
413 | 556 | 619 | 667 | 571 | 381 | 175 | 127 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
476 | 635 | 714 | 73 | 635 | 429 | 222 | 159 | 19 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
556 | 714 | 825 | 825 | 73 | 46 | 254 | 175 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
635 | 825 | 952 | 937 | 81 | 54 | 286 | 175 | 159 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
698 | 984 | 1079 | 1032 | 873 | 603 | 333 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
73 | 1159 | 1238 | 1159 | 952 | 683 | 381 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 127 | 079 | ||||||||||||
778 | 1349 | 1429 | 1302 | 1111 | 73 | 429 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
857 | 1587 | 1603 | 1476 | 1238 | 81 | 476 | 27 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
952 | 1889 | 181 | 1651 | 1349 | 889 | 556 | 302 | 159 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1127 | 2238 | 2048 | 1841 | 146 | 984 | 603 | 317 | 19 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1397 | 2651 | 2317 | 2032 | 1603 | 1111 | 635 | 333 | 222 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1937 | 3095 | 2587 | 2238 | 1746 | 1222 | 698 | 381 | 222 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2968 | 3556 | 2889 | 246 | 1873 | 1302 | 762 | 429 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
4333 | 4063 | 3206 | 2667 | 2016 | 1397 | 825 | 46 | 254 | 048 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
5571 | 4603 | 3508 | 2873 | 2175 | 1556 | 889 | 476 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
6587 | 5127 | 3841 | 3079 | 2333 | 1667 | 10 | 524 | 238 | 032 | 175 | 111 | ||||||||||||
7556 | 5667 | 4175 | 3286 | 2492 | 173 | 1063 | 571 | 254 | 048 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
8587 | 6222 | 4476 | 3492 | 2603 | 1873 | 1095 | 603 | 27 | 048 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
9635 | 6746 | 4762 | 3714 | 273 | 2016 | 119 | 667 | 302 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
10619 | 7206 | 5048 | 3937 | 2889 | 2111 | 1286 | 698 | 333 | 095 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
11524 | 7635 | 5349 | 4143 | 3063 | 2222 | 1349 | 714 | 365 | 063 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12365 | 8079 | 5619 | 4317 | 319 | 2349 | 1413 | 762 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
13048 | 8508 | 5857 | 4508 | 3302 | 2444 | 1492 | 794 | 397 | 095 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13603 | 8825 | 6111 | 4667 | 3444 | 2508 | 1571 | 825 | 397 | 127 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14095 | 9095 | 6365 | 4841 | 3556 | 2635 | 1619 | 857 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14444 | 9365 | 6556 | 50 | 3683 | 2746 | 1683 | 921 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14746 | 9603 | 6714 | 5159 | 381 | 2794 | 1746 | 937 | 413 | 159 | 143 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15048 | 9841 | 6889 | 5286 | 3921 | 2873 | 181 | 968 | 444 | 175 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15349 | 10016 | 7079 | 5397 | 40 | 2968 | 1873 | 10 | 46 | 159 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15587 | 10206 | 7206 | 5508 | 4095 | 3032 | 1952 | 1048 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15778 | 10349 | 7317 | 5635 | 4159 | 3048 | 2016 | 1079 | 46 | 143 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
16048 | 10476 | 7444 | 573 | 4222 | 3127 | 2032 | 1095 | 492 | 127 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16571 | 10762 | 7587 | 5841 | 4333 | 3254 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16873 | 10889 | 7714 | 5905 | 4397 | 327 | 2127 | 1127 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17048 | 110 | 7825 | 5984 | 4429 | 3302 | 2143 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17524 | 11238 | 7968 | 6016 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17698 | 11381 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19016 | 1146 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 159 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18794 | 11476 | 7952 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 175 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17444 | 11206 | 7952 | 6032 | 4476 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12794 | 8333 | 5762 | 4429 | 327 | 2413 | 146 | 778 | 397 | 079 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
619 | 778 | 889 | 889 | 794 | 492 | 286 | 175 | 175 | 063 | 095 | 079 | ||||||||||||
524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
444 | 603 | 667 | 698 | 603 | 397 | 19 | 143 | 175 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
333 | 46 | 492 | 524 | 476 | 27 | 143 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 095 | ||||||||||||
286 | 413 | 444 | 444 | 444 | 238 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 079 | ||||||||||||
254 | 349 | 381 | 397 | 429 | 19 | 095 | 111 | 111 | 063 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 33
Electron Beam Primer
V = Voltage (eV)I = Current (amp)V x I = Power (watt)
1eV = Kinetic energy of an electron accelerated to 1 voltCharge of an electron = 1602 x 10-19 coulombs
1 coulomb = 625 x 1018 electrons
Current = ChargeTime1 amp = 1 coulomb 1 sec
1 eV x 1 amp= 1 watt = 1 Jsec1 eV = 1602 x 10-19 J
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 34
Electron Beam Primer
500keV amp 15mAsqin E-Beam on a 1 sq in areaE-Beam power = 750 watt or 750 Jsec
Each electron will have500000 x 1602 x 10-19 = 8 x 10-14 J of energy
E-Beam will have15 x 10-3 1602 x 10-19 = 93633 x 1015 electrons per second
Each electron has the potential to achieve ~100000 interactions
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 35
Industrial Accelerator Design (linear)
Typical Numbers in range of interest450 to 1000 keV25 to 250 mA11 - 100 kW1
Efficiency 45 ndash 602
1 Robert W Hamm RampM Technical Enterprises Inc 9th ICFA Seminar ndash October 30 20082 Applied Energetics httpwwwappliedenergeticscomdownloadsproduct-offeringsnested-high-voltage-generatorpdf3 Kim et Al amp NHV Japan amp Bulgaria Power Plant
Source of Electrons
Acceleration Modules
Electron beam
Large Scale Industrial Applications800 keV500 mA400 kW3
Efficiency up to 883
Vacuum
Foil
Target
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 36
Electron Beam Deposition
Maximum efficiency occurs when electron beam deposition depth is equal to reactor depthDeposition depth depends on these parametersbull Electron beam voltagebull Gas compositionbull Gas pressure (Limited by foil)bull Foil composition and thicknessre
acto
r dep
th=
d
ElectronBeam Voltage ndash Controls how FAR the electrons will go
Current - Controls how MANY electrons will go
Beam Energy
Beam
Dep
th
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 37
Electron Beam Deposition (continued)
Electron beam inVoltage VinCurrent IExposure time T
Electron beam outVoltage Vout = Vin - ∆VCurrent IExposure time T
Dose = ((Vin-Vout) times I times T) M
Dose = energy deposited per unit massUnit of dose 1 Joulekg = 1 Gray
mass M
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 38
Deposition into a Gas Flowing in a Reactor
Flow velocity v
Dose = (V (potential) times I (currentarea) times a (window area) v (velocity)) M (mass)
Mass M
ElectronBeam
e-beam window area = a
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
175 | 159 | 143 | 079 | 016 | 143 | 016 | 048 | 095 | 127 | 159 | 159 | ||||||||||||
143 | 079 | 063 | 063 | 032 | 095 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 095 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 095 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 048 | 063 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
127 | 111 | 063 | 095 | 159 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 238 | 111 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 175 | 19 | 175 | 19 | 111 | 111 | 143 | 143 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
19 | 206 | 206 | 222 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | 063 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
222 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 159 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
238 | 302 | 333 | 349 | 381 | 159 | 111 | 143 | 111 | 048 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
254 | 365 | 413 | 413 | 444 | 206 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 079 | 175 | 063 | ||||||||||||
317 | 429 | 46 | 476 | 46 | 254 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 238 | 079 | ||||||||||||
365 | 476 | 524 | 571 | 508 | 302 | 159 | 127 | 143 | 048 | 206 | 079 | ||||||||||||
413 | 556 | 619 | 667 | 571 | 381 | 175 | 127 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
476 | 635 | 714 | 73 | 635 | 429 | 222 | 159 | 19 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
556 | 714 | 825 | 825 | 73 | 46 | 254 | 175 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
635 | 825 | 952 | 937 | 81 | 54 | 286 | 175 | 159 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
698 | 984 | 1079 | 1032 | 873 | 603 | 333 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
73 | 1159 | 1238 | 1159 | 952 | 683 | 381 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 127 | 079 | ||||||||||||
778 | 1349 | 1429 | 1302 | 1111 | 73 | 429 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
857 | 1587 | 1603 | 1476 | 1238 | 81 | 476 | 27 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
952 | 1889 | 181 | 1651 | 1349 | 889 | 556 | 302 | 159 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1127 | 2238 | 2048 | 1841 | 146 | 984 | 603 | 317 | 19 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1397 | 2651 | 2317 | 2032 | 1603 | 1111 | 635 | 333 | 222 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1937 | 3095 | 2587 | 2238 | 1746 | 1222 | 698 | 381 | 222 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2968 | 3556 | 2889 | 246 | 1873 | 1302 | 762 | 429 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
4333 | 4063 | 3206 | 2667 | 2016 | 1397 | 825 | 46 | 254 | 048 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
5571 | 4603 | 3508 | 2873 | 2175 | 1556 | 889 | 476 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
6587 | 5127 | 3841 | 3079 | 2333 | 1667 | 10 | 524 | 238 | 032 | 175 | 111 | ||||||||||||
7556 | 5667 | 4175 | 3286 | 2492 | 173 | 1063 | 571 | 254 | 048 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
8587 | 6222 | 4476 | 3492 | 2603 | 1873 | 1095 | 603 | 27 | 048 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
9635 | 6746 | 4762 | 3714 | 273 | 2016 | 119 | 667 | 302 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
10619 | 7206 | 5048 | 3937 | 2889 | 2111 | 1286 | 698 | 333 | 095 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
11524 | 7635 | 5349 | 4143 | 3063 | 2222 | 1349 | 714 | 365 | 063 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12365 | 8079 | 5619 | 4317 | 319 | 2349 | 1413 | 762 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
13048 | 8508 | 5857 | 4508 | 3302 | 2444 | 1492 | 794 | 397 | 095 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13603 | 8825 | 6111 | 4667 | 3444 | 2508 | 1571 | 825 | 397 | 127 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14095 | 9095 | 6365 | 4841 | 3556 | 2635 | 1619 | 857 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14444 | 9365 | 6556 | 50 | 3683 | 2746 | 1683 | 921 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14746 | 9603 | 6714 | 5159 | 381 | 2794 | 1746 | 937 | 413 | 159 | 143 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15048 | 9841 | 6889 | 5286 | 3921 | 2873 | 181 | 968 | 444 | 175 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15349 | 10016 | 7079 | 5397 | 40 | 2968 | 1873 | 10 | 46 | 159 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15587 | 10206 | 7206 | 5508 | 4095 | 3032 | 1952 | 1048 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15778 | 10349 | 7317 | 5635 | 4159 | 3048 | 2016 | 1079 | 46 | 143 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
16048 | 10476 | 7444 | 573 | 4222 | 3127 | 2032 | 1095 | 492 | 127 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16571 | 10762 | 7587 | 5841 | 4333 | 3254 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16873 | 10889 | 7714 | 5905 | 4397 | 327 | 2127 | 1127 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17048 | 110 | 7825 | 5984 | 4429 | 3302 | 2143 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17524 | 11238 | 7968 | 6016 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17698 | 11381 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19016 | 1146 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 159 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18794 | 11476 | 7952 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 175 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17444 | 11206 | 7952 | 6032 | 4476 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12794 | 8333 | 5762 | 4429 | 327 | 2413 | 146 | 778 | 397 | 079 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
619 | 778 | 889 | 889 | 794 | 492 | 286 | 175 | 175 | 063 | 095 | 079 | ||||||||||||
524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
444 | 603 | 667 | 698 | 603 | 397 | 19 | 143 | 175 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
333 | 46 | 492 | 524 | 476 | 27 | 143 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 095 | ||||||||||||
286 | 413 | 444 | 444 | 444 | 238 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 079 | ||||||||||||
254 | 349 | 381 | 397 | 429 | 19 | 095 | 111 | 111 | 063 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 34
Electron Beam Primer
500keV amp 15mAsqin E-Beam on a 1 sq in areaE-Beam power = 750 watt or 750 Jsec
Each electron will have500000 x 1602 x 10-19 = 8 x 10-14 J of energy
E-Beam will have15 x 10-3 1602 x 10-19 = 93633 x 1015 electrons per second
Each electron has the potential to achieve ~100000 interactions
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 35
Industrial Accelerator Design (linear)
Typical Numbers in range of interest450 to 1000 keV25 to 250 mA11 - 100 kW1
Efficiency 45 ndash 602
1 Robert W Hamm RampM Technical Enterprises Inc 9th ICFA Seminar ndash October 30 20082 Applied Energetics httpwwwappliedenergeticscomdownloadsproduct-offeringsnested-high-voltage-generatorpdf3 Kim et Al amp NHV Japan amp Bulgaria Power Plant
Source of Electrons
Acceleration Modules
Electron beam
Large Scale Industrial Applications800 keV500 mA400 kW3
Efficiency up to 883
Vacuum
Foil
Target
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 36
Electron Beam Deposition
Maximum efficiency occurs when electron beam deposition depth is equal to reactor depthDeposition depth depends on these parametersbull Electron beam voltagebull Gas compositionbull Gas pressure (Limited by foil)bull Foil composition and thicknessre
acto
r dep
th=
d
ElectronBeam Voltage ndash Controls how FAR the electrons will go
Current - Controls how MANY electrons will go
Beam Energy
Beam
Dep
th
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 37
Electron Beam Deposition (continued)
Electron beam inVoltage VinCurrent IExposure time T
Electron beam outVoltage Vout = Vin - ∆VCurrent IExposure time T
Dose = ((Vin-Vout) times I times T) M
Dose = energy deposited per unit massUnit of dose 1 Joulekg = 1 Gray
mass M
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 38
Deposition into a Gas Flowing in a Reactor
Flow velocity v
Dose = (V (potential) times I (currentarea) times a (window area) v (velocity)) M (mass)
Mass M
ElectronBeam
e-beam window area = a
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
175 | 159 | 143 | 079 | 016 | 143 | 016 | 048 | 095 | 127 | 159 | 159 | ||||||||||||
143 | 079 | 063 | 063 | 032 | 095 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 095 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 095 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 048 | 063 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
127 | 111 | 063 | 095 | 159 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 238 | 111 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 175 | 19 | 175 | 19 | 111 | 111 | 143 | 143 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
19 | 206 | 206 | 222 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | 063 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
222 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 159 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
238 | 302 | 333 | 349 | 381 | 159 | 111 | 143 | 111 | 048 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
254 | 365 | 413 | 413 | 444 | 206 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 079 | 175 | 063 | ||||||||||||
317 | 429 | 46 | 476 | 46 | 254 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 238 | 079 | ||||||||||||
365 | 476 | 524 | 571 | 508 | 302 | 159 | 127 | 143 | 048 | 206 | 079 | ||||||||||||
413 | 556 | 619 | 667 | 571 | 381 | 175 | 127 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
476 | 635 | 714 | 73 | 635 | 429 | 222 | 159 | 19 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
556 | 714 | 825 | 825 | 73 | 46 | 254 | 175 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
635 | 825 | 952 | 937 | 81 | 54 | 286 | 175 | 159 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
698 | 984 | 1079 | 1032 | 873 | 603 | 333 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
73 | 1159 | 1238 | 1159 | 952 | 683 | 381 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 127 | 079 | ||||||||||||
778 | 1349 | 1429 | 1302 | 1111 | 73 | 429 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
857 | 1587 | 1603 | 1476 | 1238 | 81 | 476 | 27 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
952 | 1889 | 181 | 1651 | 1349 | 889 | 556 | 302 | 159 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1127 | 2238 | 2048 | 1841 | 146 | 984 | 603 | 317 | 19 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1397 | 2651 | 2317 | 2032 | 1603 | 1111 | 635 | 333 | 222 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1937 | 3095 | 2587 | 2238 | 1746 | 1222 | 698 | 381 | 222 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2968 | 3556 | 2889 | 246 | 1873 | 1302 | 762 | 429 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
4333 | 4063 | 3206 | 2667 | 2016 | 1397 | 825 | 46 | 254 | 048 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
5571 | 4603 | 3508 | 2873 | 2175 | 1556 | 889 | 476 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
6587 | 5127 | 3841 | 3079 | 2333 | 1667 | 10 | 524 | 238 | 032 | 175 | 111 | ||||||||||||
7556 | 5667 | 4175 | 3286 | 2492 | 173 | 1063 | 571 | 254 | 048 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
8587 | 6222 | 4476 | 3492 | 2603 | 1873 | 1095 | 603 | 27 | 048 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
9635 | 6746 | 4762 | 3714 | 273 | 2016 | 119 | 667 | 302 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
10619 | 7206 | 5048 | 3937 | 2889 | 2111 | 1286 | 698 | 333 | 095 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
11524 | 7635 | 5349 | 4143 | 3063 | 2222 | 1349 | 714 | 365 | 063 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12365 | 8079 | 5619 | 4317 | 319 | 2349 | 1413 | 762 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
13048 | 8508 | 5857 | 4508 | 3302 | 2444 | 1492 | 794 | 397 | 095 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13603 | 8825 | 6111 | 4667 | 3444 | 2508 | 1571 | 825 | 397 | 127 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14095 | 9095 | 6365 | 4841 | 3556 | 2635 | 1619 | 857 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14444 | 9365 | 6556 | 50 | 3683 | 2746 | 1683 | 921 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14746 | 9603 | 6714 | 5159 | 381 | 2794 | 1746 | 937 | 413 | 159 | 143 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15048 | 9841 | 6889 | 5286 | 3921 | 2873 | 181 | 968 | 444 | 175 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15349 | 10016 | 7079 | 5397 | 40 | 2968 | 1873 | 10 | 46 | 159 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15587 | 10206 | 7206 | 5508 | 4095 | 3032 | 1952 | 1048 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15778 | 10349 | 7317 | 5635 | 4159 | 3048 | 2016 | 1079 | 46 | 143 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
16048 | 10476 | 7444 | 573 | 4222 | 3127 | 2032 | 1095 | 492 | 127 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16571 | 10762 | 7587 | 5841 | 4333 | 3254 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16873 | 10889 | 7714 | 5905 | 4397 | 327 | 2127 | 1127 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17048 | 110 | 7825 | 5984 | 4429 | 3302 | 2143 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17524 | 11238 | 7968 | 6016 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17698 | 11381 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19016 | 1146 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 159 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18794 | 11476 | 7952 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 175 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17444 | 11206 | 7952 | 6032 | 4476 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12794 | 8333 | 5762 | 4429 | 327 | 2413 | 146 | 778 | 397 | 079 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
619 | 778 | 889 | 889 | 794 | 492 | 286 | 175 | 175 | 063 | 095 | 079 | ||||||||||||
524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
444 | 603 | 667 | 698 | 603 | 397 | 19 | 143 | 175 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
333 | 46 | 492 | 524 | 476 | 27 | 143 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 095 | ||||||||||||
286 | 413 | 444 | 444 | 444 | 238 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 079 | ||||||||||||
254 | 349 | 381 | 397 | 429 | 19 | 095 | 111 | 111 | 063 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 35
Industrial Accelerator Design (linear)
Typical Numbers in range of interest450 to 1000 keV25 to 250 mA11 - 100 kW1
Efficiency 45 ndash 602
1 Robert W Hamm RampM Technical Enterprises Inc 9th ICFA Seminar ndash October 30 20082 Applied Energetics httpwwwappliedenergeticscomdownloadsproduct-offeringsnested-high-voltage-generatorpdf3 Kim et Al amp NHV Japan amp Bulgaria Power Plant
Source of Electrons
Acceleration Modules
Electron beam
Large Scale Industrial Applications800 keV500 mA400 kW3
Efficiency up to 883
Vacuum
Foil
Target
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 36
Electron Beam Deposition
Maximum efficiency occurs when electron beam deposition depth is equal to reactor depthDeposition depth depends on these parametersbull Electron beam voltagebull Gas compositionbull Gas pressure (Limited by foil)bull Foil composition and thicknessre
acto
r dep
th=
d
ElectronBeam Voltage ndash Controls how FAR the electrons will go
Current - Controls how MANY electrons will go
Beam Energy
Beam
Dep
th
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 37
Electron Beam Deposition (continued)
Electron beam inVoltage VinCurrent IExposure time T
Electron beam outVoltage Vout = Vin - ∆VCurrent IExposure time T
Dose = ((Vin-Vout) times I times T) M
Dose = energy deposited per unit massUnit of dose 1 Joulekg = 1 Gray
mass M
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 38
Deposition into a Gas Flowing in a Reactor
Flow velocity v
Dose = (V (potential) times I (currentarea) times a (window area) v (velocity)) M (mass)
Mass M
ElectronBeam
e-beam window area = a
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
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143 | 079 | 063 | 063 | 032 | 095 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 095 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 095 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 048 | 063 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
127 | 111 | 063 | 095 | 159 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 238 | 111 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 175 | 19 | 175 | 19 | 111 | 111 | 143 | 143 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
19 | 206 | 206 | 222 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | 063 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
222 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 159 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
238 | 302 | 333 | 349 | 381 | 159 | 111 | 143 | 111 | 048 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
254 | 365 | 413 | 413 | 444 | 206 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 079 | 175 | 063 | ||||||||||||
317 | 429 | 46 | 476 | 46 | 254 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 238 | 079 | ||||||||||||
365 | 476 | 524 | 571 | 508 | 302 | 159 | 127 | 143 | 048 | 206 | 079 | ||||||||||||
413 | 556 | 619 | 667 | 571 | 381 | 175 | 127 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
476 | 635 | 714 | 73 | 635 | 429 | 222 | 159 | 19 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
556 | 714 | 825 | 825 | 73 | 46 | 254 | 175 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
635 | 825 | 952 | 937 | 81 | 54 | 286 | 175 | 159 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
698 | 984 | 1079 | 1032 | 873 | 603 | 333 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
73 | 1159 | 1238 | 1159 | 952 | 683 | 381 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 127 | 079 | ||||||||||||
778 | 1349 | 1429 | 1302 | 1111 | 73 | 429 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
857 | 1587 | 1603 | 1476 | 1238 | 81 | 476 | 27 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
952 | 1889 | 181 | 1651 | 1349 | 889 | 556 | 302 | 159 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1127 | 2238 | 2048 | 1841 | 146 | 984 | 603 | 317 | 19 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1397 | 2651 | 2317 | 2032 | 1603 | 1111 | 635 | 333 | 222 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1937 | 3095 | 2587 | 2238 | 1746 | 1222 | 698 | 381 | 222 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2968 | 3556 | 2889 | 246 | 1873 | 1302 | 762 | 429 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
4333 | 4063 | 3206 | 2667 | 2016 | 1397 | 825 | 46 | 254 | 048 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
5571 | 4603 | 3508 | 2873 | 2175 | 1556 | 889 | 476 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
6587 | 5127 | 3841 | 3079 | 2333 | 1667 | 10 | 524 | 238 | 032 | 175 | 111 | ||||||||||||
7556 | 5667 | 4175 | 3286 | 2492 | 173 | 1063 | 571 | 254 | 048 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
8587 | 6222 | 4476 | 3492 | 2603 | 1873 | 1095 | 603 | 27 | 048 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
9635 | 6746 | 4762 | 3714 | 273 | 2016 | 119 | 667 | 302 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
10619 | 7206 | 5048 | 3937 | 2889 | 2111 | 1286 | 698 | 333 | 095 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
11524 | 7635 | 5349 | 4143 | 3063 | 2222 | 1349 | 714 | 365 | 063 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12365 | 8079 | 5619 | 4317 | 319 | 2349 | 1413 | 762 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
13048 | 8508 | 5857 | 4508 | 3302 | 2444 | 1492 | 794 | 397 | 095 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13603 | 8825 | 6111 | 4667 | 3444 | 2508 | 1571 | 825 | 397 | 127 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14095 | 9095 | 6365 | 4841 | 3556 | 2635 | 1619 | 857 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14444 | 9365 | 6556 | 50 | 3683 | 2746 | 1683 | 921 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14746 | 9603 | 6714 | 5159 | 381 | 2794 | 1746 | 937 | 413 | 159 | 143 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15048 | 9841 | 6889 | 5286 | 3921 | 2873 | 181 | 968 | 444 | 175 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15349 | 10016 | 7079 | 5397 | 40 | 2968 | 1873 | 10 | 46 | 159 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15587 | 10206 | 7206 | 5508 | 4095 | 3032 | 1952 | 1048 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15778 | 10349 | 7317 | 5635 | 4159 | 3048 | 2016 | 1079 | 46 | 143 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
16048 | 10476 | 7444 | 573 | 4222 | 3127 | 2032 | 1095 | 492 | 127 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16571 | 10762 | 7587 | 5841 | 4333 | 3254 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16873 | 10889 | 7714 | 5905 | 4397 | 327 | 2127 | 1127 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17048 | 110 | 7825 | 5984 | 4429 | 3302 | 2143 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17524 | 11238 | 7968 | 6016 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17698 | 11381 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19016 | 1146 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 159 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18794 | 11476 | 7952 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 175 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17444 | 11206 | 7952 | 6032 | 4476 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12794 | 8333 | 5762 | 4429 | 327 | 2413 | 146 | 778 | 397 | 079 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
619 | 778 | 889 | 889 | 794 | 492 | 286 | 175 | 175 | 063 | 095 | 079 | ||||||||||||
524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
444 | 603 | 667 | 698 | 603 | 397 | 19 | 143 | 175 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
333 | 46 | 492 | 524 | 476 | 27 | 143 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 095 | ||||||||||||
286 | 413 | 444 | 444 | 444 | 238 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 079 | ||||||||||||
254 | 349 | 381 | 397 | 429 | 19 | 095 | 111 | 111 | 063 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 36
Electron Beam Deposition
Maximum efficiency occurs when electron beam deposition depth is equal to reactor depthDeposition depth depends on these parametersbull Electron beam voltagebull Gas compositionbull Gas pressure (Limited by foil)bull Foil composition and thicknessre
acto
r dep
th=
d
ElectronBeam Voltage ndash Controls how FAR the electrons will go
Current - Controls how MANY electrons will go
Beam Energy
Beam
Dep
th
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 37
Electron Beam Deposition (continued)
Electron beam inVoltage VinCurrent IExposure time T
Electron beam outVoltage Vout = Vin - ∆VCurrent IExposure time T
Dose = ((Vin-Vout) times I times T) M
Dose = energy deposited per unit massUnit of dose 1 Joulekg = 1 Gray
mass M
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 38
Deposition into a Gas Flowing in a Reactor
Flow velocity v
Dose = (V (potential) times I (currentarea) times a (window area) v (velocity)) M (mass)
Mass M
ElectronBeam
e-beam window area = a
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
175 | 159 | 143 | 079 | 016 | 143 | 016 | 048 | 095 | 127 | 159 | 159 | ||||||||||||
143 | 079 | 063 | 063 | 032 | 095 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 095 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 095 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 048 | 063 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
127 | 111 | 063 | 095 | 159 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 238 | 111 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 175 | 19 | 175 | 19 | 111 | 111 | 143 | 143 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
19 | 206 | 206 | 222 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | 063 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
222 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 159 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
238 | 302 | 333 | 349 | 381 | 159 | 111 | 143 | 111 | 048 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
254 | 365 | 413 | 413 | 444 | 206 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 079 | 175 | 063 | ||||||||||||
317 | 429 | 46 | 476 | 46 | 254 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 238 | 079 | ||||||||||||
365 | 476 | 524 | 571 | 508 | 302 | 159 | 127 | 143 | 048 | 206 | 079 | ||||||||||||
413 | 556 | 619 | 667 | 571 | 381 | 175 | 127 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
476 | 635 | 714 | 73 | 635 | 429 | 222 | 159 | 19 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
556 | 714 | 825 | 825 | 73 | 46 | 254 | 175 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
635 | 825 | 952 | 937 | 81 | 54 | 286 | 175 | 159 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
698 | 984 | 1079 | 1032 | 873 | 603 | 333 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
73 | 1159 | 1238 | 1159 | 952 | 683 | 381 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 127 | 079 | ||||||||||||
778 | 1349 | 1429 | 1302 | 1111 | 73 | 429 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
857 | 1587 | 1603 | 1476 | 1238 | 81 | 476 | 27 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
952 | 1889 | 181 | 1651 | 1349 | 889 | 556 | 302 | 159 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1127 | 2238 | 2048 | 1841 | 146 | 984 | 603 | 317 | 19 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1397 | 2651 | 2317 | 2032 | 1603 | 1111 | 635 | 333 | 222 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1937 | 3095 | 2587 | 2238 | 1746 | 1222 | 698 | 381 | 222 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2968 | 3556 | 2889 | 246 | 1873 | 1302 | 762 | 429 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
4333 | 4063 | 3206 | 2667 | 2016 | 1397 | 825 | 46 | 254 | 048 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
5571 | 4603 | 3508 | 2873 | 2175 | 1556 | 889 | 476 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
6587 | 5127 | 3841 | 3079 | 2333 | 1667 | 10 | 524 | 238 | 032 | 175 | 111 | ||||||||||||
7556 | 5667 | 4175 | 3286 | 2492 | 173 | 1063 | 571 | 254 | 048 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
8587 | 6222 | 4476 | 3492 | 2603 | 1873 | 1095 | 603 | 27 | 048 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
9635 | 6746 | 4762 | 3714 | 273 | 2016 | 119 | 667 | 302 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
10619 | 7206 | 5048 | 3937 | 2889 | 2111 | 1286 | 698 | 333 | 095 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
11524 | 7635 | 5349 | 4143 | 3063 | 2222 | 1349 | 714 | 365 | 063 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12365 | 8079 | 5619 | 4317 | 319 | 2349 | 1413 | 762 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
13048 | 8508 | 5857 | 4508 | 3302 | 2444 | 1492 | 794 | 397 | 095 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13603 | 8825 | 6111 | 4667 | 3444 | 2508 | 1571 | 825 | 397 | 127 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14095 | 9095 | 6365 | 4841 | 3556 | 2635 | 1619 | 857 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14444 | 9365 | 6556 | 50 | 3683 | 2746 | 1683 | 921 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14746 | 9603 | 6714 | 5159 | 381 | 2794 | 1746 | 937 | 413 | 159 | 143 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15048 | 9841 | 6889 | 5286 | 3921 | 2873 | 181 | 968 | 444 | 175 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15349 | 10016 | 7079 | 5397 | 40 | 2968 | 1873 | 10 | 46 | 159 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15587 | 10206 | 7206 | 5508 | 4095 | 3032 | 1952 | 1048 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15778 | 10349 | 7317 | 5635 | 4159 | 3048 | 2016 | 1079 | 46 | 143 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
16048 | 10476 | 7444 | 573 | 4222 | 3127 | 2032 | 1095 | 492 | 127 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16571 | 10762 | 7587 | 5841 | 4333 | 3254 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16873 | 10889 | 7714 | 5905 | 4397 | 327 | 2127 | 1127 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17048 | 110 | 7825 | 5984 | 4429 | 3302 | 2143 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17524 | 11238 | 7968 | 6016 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17698 | 11381 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19016 | 1146 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 159 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18794 | 11476 | 7952 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 175 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17444 | 11206 | 7952 | 6032 | 4476 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12794 | 8333 | 5762 | 4429 | 327 | 2413 | 146 | 778 | 397 | 079 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
619 | 778 | 889 | 889 | 794 | 492 | 286 | 175 | 175 | 063 | 095 | 079 | ||||||||||||
524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
444 | 603 | 667 | 698 | 603 | 397 | 19 | 143 | 175 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
333 | 46 | 492 | 524 | 476 | 27 | 143 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 095 | ||||||||||||
286 | 413 | 444 | 444 | 444 | 238 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 079 | ||||||||||||
254 | 349 | 381 | 397 | 429 | 19 | 095 | 111 | 111 | 063 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 37
Electron Beam Deposition (continued)
Electron beam inVoltage VinCurrent IExposure time T
Electron beam outVoltage Vout = Vin - ∆VCurrent IExposure time T
Dose = ((Vin-Vout) times I times T) M
Dose = energy deposited per unit massUnit of dose 1 Joulekg = 1 Gray
mass M
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 38
Deposition into a Gas Flowing in a Reactor
Flow velocity v
Dose = (V (potential) times I (currentarea) times a (window area) v (velocity)) M (mass)
Mass M
ElectronBeam
e-beam window area = a
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
175 | 159 | 143 | 079 | 016 | 143 | 016 | 048 | 095 | 127 | 159 | 159 | ||||||||||||
143 | 079 | 063 | 063 | 032 | 095 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 095 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 095 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 048 | 063 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
127 | 111 | 063 | 095 | 159 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 238 | 111 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 175 | 19 | 175 | 19 | 111 | 111 | 143 | 143 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
19 | 206 | 206 | 222 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | 063 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
222 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 159 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
238 | 302 | 333 | 349 | 381 | 159 | 111 | 143 | 111 | 048 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
254 | 365 | 413 | 413 | 444 | 206 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 079 | 175 | 063 | ||||||||||||
317 | 429 | 46 | 476 | 46 | 254 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 238 | 079 | ||||||||||||
365 | 476 | 524 | 571 | 508 | 302 | 159 | 127 | 143 | 048 | 206 | 079 | ||||||||||||
413 | 556 | 619 | 667 | 571 | 381 | 175 | 127 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
476 | 635 | 714 | 73 | 635 | 429 | 222 | 159 | 19 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
556 | 714 | 825 | 825 | 73 | 46 | 254 | 175 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
635 | 825 | 952 | 937 | 81 | 54 | 286 | 175 | 159 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
698 | 984 | 1079 | 1032 | 873 | 603 | 333 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
73 | 1159 | 1238 | 1159 | 952 | 683 | 381 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 127 | 079 | ||||||||||||
778 | 1349 | 1429 | 1302 | 1111 | 73 | 429 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
857 | 1587 | 1603 | 1476 | 1238 | 81 | 476 | 27 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
952 | 1889 | 181 | 1651 | 1349 | 889 | 556 | 302 | 159 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1127 | 2238 | 2048 | 1841 | 146 | 984 | 603 | 317 | 19 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1397 | 2651 | 2317 | 2032 | 1603 | 1111 | 635 | 333 | 222 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1937 | 3095 | 2587 | 2238 | 1746 | 1222 | 698 | 381 | 222 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2968 | 3556 | 2889 | 246 | 1873 | 1302 | 762 | 429 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
4333 | 4063 | 3206 | 2667 | 2016 | 1397 | 825 | 46 | 254 | 048 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
5571 | 4603 | 3508 | 2873 | 2175 | 1556 | 889 | 476 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
6587 | 5127 | 3841 | 3079 | 2333 | 1667 | 10 | 524 | 238 | 032 | 175 | 111 | ||||||||||||
7556 | 5667 | 4175 | 3286 | 2492 | 173 | 1063 | 571 | 254 | 048 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
8587 | 6222 | 4476 | 3492 | 2603 | 1873 | 1095 | 603 | 27 | 048 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
9635 | 6746 | 4762 | 3714 | 273 | 2016 | 119 | 667 | 302 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
10619 | 7206 | 5048 | 3937 | 2889 | 2111 | 1286 | 698 | 333 | 095 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
11524 | 7635 | 5349 | 4143 | 3063 | 2222 | 1349 | 714 | 365 | 063 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12365 | 8079 | 5619 | 4317 | 319 | 2349 | 1413 | 762 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
13048 | 8508 | 5857 | 4508 | 3302 | 2444 | 1492 | 794 | 397 | 095 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13603 | 8825 | 6111 | 4667 | 3444 | 2508 | 1571 | 825 | 397 | 127 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14095 | 9095 | 6365 | 4841 | 3556 | 2635 | 1619 | 857 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14444 | 9365 | 6556 | 50 | 3683 | 2746 | 1683 | 921 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14746 | 9603 | 6714 | 5159 | 381 | 2794 | 1746 | 937 | 413 | 159 | 143 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15048 | 9841 | 6889 | 5286 | 3921 | 2873 | 181 | 968 | 444 | 175 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15349 | 10016 | 7079 | 5397 | 40 | 2968 | 1873 | 10 | 46 | 159 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15587 | 10206 | 7206 | 5508 | 4095 | 3032 | 1952 | 1048 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15778 | 10349 | 7317 | 5635 | 4159 | 3048 | 2016 | 1079 | 46 | 143 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
16048 | 10476 | 7444 | 573 | 4222 | 3127 | 2032 | 1095 | 492 | 127 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16571 | 10762 | 7587 | 5841 | 4333 | 3254 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16873 | 10889 | 7714 | 5905 | 4397 | 327 | 2127 | 1127 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17048 | 110 | 7825 | 5984 | 4429 | 3302 | 2143 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17524 | 11238 | 7968 | 6016 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17698 | 11381 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19016 | 1146 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 159 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18794 | 11476 | 7952 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 175 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17444 | 11206 | 7952 | 6032 | 4476 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12794 | 8333 | 5762 | 4429 | 327 | 2413 | 146 | 778 | 397 | 079 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
619 | 778 | 889 | 889 | 794 | 492 | 286 | 175 | 175 | 063 | 095 | 079 | ||||||||||||
524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
444 | 603 | 667 | 698 | 603 | 397 | 19 | 143 | 175 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
333 | 46 | 492 | 524 | 476 | 27 | 143 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 095 | ||||||||||||
286 | 413 | 444 | 444 | 444 | 238 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 079 | ||||||||||||
254 | 349 | 381 | 397 | 429 | 19 | 095 | 111 | 111 | 063 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 38
Deposition into a Gas Flowing in a Reactor
Flow velocity v
Dose = (V (potential) times I (currentarea) times a (window area) v (velocity)) M (mass)
Mass M
ElectronBeam
e-beam window area = a
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
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159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
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238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
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16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
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17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
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17698 | 11381 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19016 | 1146 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 159 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18794 | 11476 | 7952 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 175 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17444 | 11206 | 7952 | 6032 | 4476 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
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12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
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524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
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381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
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238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 39
Electron Beam Primer
C-H bond energy ~5eV
One 500keV electron can break approximately 100000 x (5 eV) bonds
Bond Dissociation Energies
Bond ΔHƒ298 (kJmol)
C-C 607
C-H 3372
C-O 10765
C=O 749
CequivO 1075
Dehydrogenation of CHx
ΔH (kJmol)
CH4 rarr CH3∙ + H∙ 405
CH3∙ rarr CH2∙ + H∙ 439
CH2∙ rarr CH∙ + H∙ 488
CH∙ rarr C + H∙ 685
CH4 rarr CH2∙ + 2H∙ 808
CH4 rarr C + 4H∙ 1266
CH2∙ rarr C + 2H∙ 857
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
175 | 159 | 143 | 079 | 016 | 143 | 016 | 048 | 095 | 127 | 159 | 159 | ||||||||||||
143 | 079 | 063 | 063 | 032 | 095 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 095 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 095 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 048 | 063 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
127 | 111 | 063 | 095 | 159 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 238 | 111 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 175 | 19 | 175 | 19 | 111 | 111 | 143 | 143 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
19 | 206 | 206 | 222 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | 063 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
222 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 159 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
238 | 302 | 333 | 349 | 381 | 159 | 111 | 143 | 111 | 048 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
254 | 365 | 413 | 413 | 444 | 206 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 079 | 175 | 063 | ||||||||||||
317 | 429 | 46 | 476 | 46 | 254 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 238 | 079 | ||||||||||||
365 | 476 | 524 | 571 | 508 | 302 | 159 | 127 | 143 | 048 | 206 | 079 | ||||||||||||
413 | 556 | 619 | 667 | 571 | 381 | 175 | 127 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
476 | 635 | 714 | 73 | 635 | 429 | 222 | 159 | 19 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
556 | 714 | 825 | 825 | 73 | 46 | 254 | 175 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
635 | 825 | 952 | 937 | 81 | 54 | 286 | 175 | 159 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
698 | 984 | 1079 | 1032 | 873 | 603 | 333 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
73 | 1159 | 1238 | 1159 | 952 | 683 | 381 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 127 | 079 | ||||||||||||
778 | 1349 | 1429 | 1302 | 1111 | 73 | 429 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
857 | 1587 | 1603 | 1476 | 1238 | 81 | 476 | 27 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
952 | 1889 | 181 | 1651 | 1349 | 889 | 556 | 302 | 159 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1127 | 2238 | 2048 | 1841 | 146 | 984 | 603 | 317 | 19 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1397 | 2651 | 2317 | 2032 | 1603 | 1111 | 635 | 333 | 222 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1937 | 3095 | 2587 | 2238 | 1746 | 1222 | 698 | 381 | 222 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2968 | 3556 | 2889 | 246 | 1873 | 1302 | 762 | 429 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
4333 | 4063 | 3206 | 2667 | 2016 | 1397 | 825 | 46 | 254 | 048 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
5571 | 4603 | 3508 | 2873 | 2175 | 1556 | 889 | 476 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
6587 | 5127 | 3841 | 3079 | 2333 | 1667 | 10 | 524 | 238 | 032 | 175 | 111 | ||||||||||||
7556 | 5667 | 4175 | 3286 | 2492 | 173 | 1063 | 571 | 254 | 048 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
8587 | 6222 | 4476 | 3492 | 2603 | 1873 | 1095 | 603 | 27 | 048 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
9635 | 6746 | 4762 | 3714 | 273 | 2016 | 119 | 667 | 302 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
10619 | 7206 | 5048 | 3937 | 2889 | 2111 | 1286 | 698 | 333 | 095 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
11524 | 7635 | 5349 | 4143 | 3063 | 2222 | 1349 | 714 | 365 | 063 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12365 | 8079 | 5619 | 4317 | 319 | 2349 | 1413 | 762 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
13048 | 8508 | 5857 | 4508 | 3302 | 2444 | 1492 | 794 | 397 | 095 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13603 | 8825 | 6111 | 4667 | 3444 | 2508 | 1571 | 825 | 397 | 127 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14095 | 9095 | 6365 | 4841 | 3556 | 2635 | 1619 | 857 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14444 | 9365 | 6556 | 50 | 3683 | 2746 | 1683 | 921 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14746 | 9603 | 6714 | 5159 | 381 | 2794 | 1746 | 937 | 413 | 159 | 143 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15048 | 9841 | 6889 | 5286 | 3921 | 2873 | 181 | 968 | 444 | 175 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15349 | 10016 | 7079 | 5397 | 40 | 2968 | 1873 | 10 | 46 | 159 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15587 | 10206 | 7206 | 5508 | 4095 | 3032 | 1952 | 1048 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15778 | 10349 | 7317 | 5635 | 4159 | 3048 | 2016 | 1079 | 46 | 143 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
16048 | 10476 | 7444 | 573 | 4222 | 3127 | 2032 | 1095 | 492 | 127 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16571 | 10762 | 7587 | 5841 | 4333 | 3254 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16873 | 10889 | 7714 | 5905 | 4397 | 327 | 2127 | 1127 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17048 | 110 | 7825 | 5984 | 4429 | 3302 | 2143 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17524 | 11238 | 7968 | 6016 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17698 | 11381 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19016 | 1146 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 159 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18794 | 11476 | 7952 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 175 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17444 | 11206 | 7952 | 6032 | 4476 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12794 | 8333 | 5762 | 4429 | 327 | 2413 | 146 | 778 | 397 | 079 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
619 | 778 | 889 | 889 | 794 | 492 | 286 | 175 | 175 | 063 | 095 | 079 | ||||||||||||
524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
444 | 603 | 667 | 698 | 603 | 397 | 19 | 143 | 175 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
333 | 46 | 492 | 524 | 476 | 27 | 143 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 095 | ||||||||||||
286 | 413 | 444 | 444 | 444 | 238 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 079 | ||||||||||||
254 | 349 | 381 | 397 | 429 | 19 | 095 | 111 | 111 | 063 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 40
Monte Carlo Simulation
Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the probability of different outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the intervention of random variables
bull The electron trajectories are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method
bull Each electron enters the reactor with a given energy and its trajectory is followed
until it comes to rest or exits the reactor
bull To simulate a beam the process is repeated for a large number of electrons
bull Secondary electrons are generated and tracked within the fast secondary model
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
175 | 159 | 143 | 079 | 016 | 143 | 016 | 048 | 095 | 127 | 159 | 159 | ||||||||||||
143 | 079 | 063 | 063 | 032 | 095 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 095 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 095 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 048 | 063 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
127 | 111 | 063 | 095 | 159 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 238 | 111 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 175 | 19 | 175 | 19 | 111 | 111 | 143 | 143 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
19 | 206 | 206 | 222 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | 063 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
222 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 159 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
238 | 302 | 333 | 349 | 381 | 159 | 111 | 143 | 111 | 048 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
254 | 365 | 413 | 413 | 444 | 206 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 079 | 175 | 063 | ||||||||||||
317 | 429 | 46 | 476 | 46 | 254 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 238 | 079 | ||||||||||||
365 | 476 | 524 | 571 | 508 | 302 | 159 | 127 | 143 | 048 | 206 | 079 | ||||||||||||
413 | 556 | 619 | 667 | 571 | 381 | 175 | 127 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
476 | 635 | 714 | 73 | 635 | 429 | 222 | 159 | 19 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
556 | 714 | 825 | 825 | 73 | 46 | 254 | 175 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
635 | 825 | 952 | 937 | 81 | 54 | 286 | 175 | 159 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
698 | 984 | 1079 | 1032 | 873 | 603 | 333 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
73 | 1159 | 1238 | 1159 | 952 | 683 | 381 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 127 | 079 | ||||||||||||
778 | 1349 | 1429 | 1302 | 1111 | 73 | 429 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
857 | 1587 | 1603 | 1476 | 1238 | 81 | 476 | 27 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
952 | 1889 | 181 | 1651 | 1349 | 889 | 556 | 302 | 159 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1127 | 2238 | 2048 | 1841 | 146 | 984 | 603 | 317 | 19 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1397 | 2651 | 2317 | 2032 | 1603 | 1111 | 635 | 333 | 222 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1937 | 3095 | 2587 | 2238 | 1746 | 1222 | 698 | 381 | 222 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2968 | 3556 | 2889 | 246 | 1873 | 1302 | 762 | 429 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
4333 | 4063 | 3206 | 2667 | 2016 | 1397 | 825 | 46 | 254 | 048 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
5571 | 4603 | 3508 | 2873 | 2175 | 1556 | 889 | 476 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
6587 | 5127 | 3841 | 3079 | 2333 | 1667 | 10 | 524 | 238 | 032 | 175 | 111 | ||||||||||||
7556 | 5667 | 4175 | 3286 | 2492 | 173 | 1063 | 571 | 254 | 048 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
8587 | 6222 | 4476 | 3492 | 2603 | 1873 | 1095 | 603 | 27 | 048 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
9635 | 6746 | 4762 | 3714 | 273 | 2016 | 119 | 667 | 302 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
10619 | 7206 | 5048 | 3937 | 2889 | 2111 | 1286 | 698 | 333 | 095 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
11524 | 7635 | 5349 | 4143 | 3063 | 2222 | 1349 | 714 | 365 | 063 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12365 | 8079 | 5619 | 4317 | 319 | 2349 | 1413 | 762 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
13048 | 8508 | 5857 | 4508 | 3302 | 2444 | 1492 | 794 | 397 | 095 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13603 | 8825 | 6111 | 4667 | 3444 | 2508 | 1571 | 825 | 397 | 127 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14095 | 9095 | 6365 | 4841 | 3556 | 2635 | 1619 | 857 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14444 | 9365 | 6556 | 50 | 3683 | 2746 | 1683 | 921 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14746 | 9603 | 6714 | 5159 | 381 | 2794 | 1746 | 937 | 413 | 159 | 143 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15048 | 9841 | 6889 | 5286 | 3921 | 2873 | 181 | 968 | 444 | 175 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15349 | 10016 | 7079 | 5397 | 40 | 2968 | 1873 | 10 | 46 | 159 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15587 | 10206 | 7206 | 5508 | 4095 | 3032 | 1952 | 1048 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15778 | 10349 | 7317 | 5635 | 4159 | 3048 | 2016 | 1079 | 46 | 143 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
16048 | 10476 | 7444 | 573 | 4222 | 3127 | 2032 | 1095 | 492 | 127 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16571 | 10762 | 7587 | 5841 | 4333 | 3254 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16873 | 10889 | 7714 | 5905 | 4397 | 327 | 2127 | 1127 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17048 | 110 | 7825 | 5984 | 4429 | 3302 | 2143 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17524 | 11238 | 7968 | 6016 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17698 | 11381 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19016 | 1146 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 159 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18794 | 11476 | 7952 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 175 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17444 | 11206 | 7952 | 6032 | 4476 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12794 | 8333 | 5762 | 4429 | 327 | 2413 | 146 | 778 | 397 | 079 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
619 | 778 | 889 | 889 | 794 | 492 | 286 | 175 | 175 | 063 | 095 | 079 | ||||||||||||
524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
444 | 603 | 667 | 698 | 603 | 397 | 19 | 143 | 175 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
333 | 46 | 492 | 524 | 476 | 27 | 143 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 095 | ||||||||||||
286 | 413 | 444 | 444 | 444 | 238 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 079 | ||||||||||||
254 | 349 | 381 | 397 | 429 | 19 | 095 | 111 | 111 | 063 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 41
Initial electrons energy 800 keVEnergy cut-off 1 keVResults from EGS-4 code calculated at JAERI Takasaki
Y crossection of RV X crossection of RV
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
Estimation of Electron Paths in Flue Gas Treatment
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
16111621263136414651
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9S10S11S120510152025303540455055606570758085909510
0105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200 181522293643505764717885929910
6
113
120
127
S1
S3
S5
S7
S9
S1105101520253035404550556065707580859095100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
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15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
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0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
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0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
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0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
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0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 42
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165
170
175
180
185
190
195
gt200kGy
lt5kGylt5kGy
gt200kGy
Dose Maps for Crossections of a Reaction Vessel
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
175 | 159 | 143 | 079 | 016 | 143 | 016 | 048 | 095 | 127 | 159 | 159 | ||||||||||||
143 | 079 | 063 | 063 | 032 | 095 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 095 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 095 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 048 | 063 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
127 | 111 | 063 | 095 | 159 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 238 | 111 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 175 | 19 | 175 | 19 | 111 | 111 | 143 | 143 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
19 | 206 | 206 | 222 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | 063 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
222 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 159 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
238 | 302 | 333 | 349 | 381 | 159 | 111 | 143 | 111 | 048 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
254 | 365 | 413 | 413 | 444 | 206 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 079 | 175 | 063 | ||||||||||||
317 | 429 | 46 | 476 | 46 | 254 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 238 | 079 | ||||||||||||
365 | 476 | 524 | 571 | 508 | 302 | 159 | 127 | 143 | 048 | 206 | 079 | ||||||||||||
413 | 556 | 619 | 667 | 571 | 381 | 175 | 127 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
476 | 635 | 714 | 73 | 635 | 429 | 222 | 159 | 19 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
556 | 714 | 825 | 825 | 73 | 46 | 254 | 175 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
635 | 825 | 952 | 937 | 81 | 54 | 286 | 175 | 159 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
698 | 984 | 1079 | 1032 | 873 | 603 | 333 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
73 | 1159 | 1238 | 1159 | 952 | 683 | 381 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 127 | 079 | ||||||||||||
778 | 1349 | 1429 | 1302 | 1111 | 73 | 429 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
857 | 1587 | 1603 | 1476 | 1238 | 81 | 476 | 27 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
952 | 1889 | 181 | 1651 | 1349 | 889 | 556 | 302 | 159 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1127 | 2238 | 2048 | 1841 | 146 | 984 | 603 | 317 | 19 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1397 | 2651 | 2317 | 2032 | 1603 | 1111 | 635 | 333 | 222 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1937 | 3095 | 2587 | 2238 | 1746 | 1222 | 698 | 381 | 222 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2968 | 3556 | 2889 | 246 | 1873 | 1302 | 762 | 429 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
4333 | 4063 | 3206 | 2667 | 2016 | 1397 | 825 | 46 | 254 | 048 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
5571 | 4603 | 3508 | 2873 | 2175 | 1556 | 889 | 476 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
6587 | 5127 | 3841 | 3079 | 2333 | 1667 | 10 | 524 | 238 | 032 | 175 | 111 | ||||||||||||
7556 | 5667 | 4175 | 3286 | 2492 | 173 | 1063 | 571 | 254 | 048 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
8587 | 6222 | 4476 | 3492 | 2603 | 1873 | 1095 | 603 | 27 | 048 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
9635 | 6746 | 4762 | 3714 | 273 | 2016 | 119 | 667 | 302 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
10619 | 7206 | 5048 | 3937 | 2889 | 2111 | 1286 | 698 | 333 | 095 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
11524 | 7635 | 5349 | 4143 | 3063 | 2222 | 1349 | 714 | 365 | 063 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12365 | 8079 | 5619 | 4317 | 319 | 2349 | 1413 | 762 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
13048 | 8508 | 5857 | 4508 | 3302 | 2444 | 1492 | 794 | 397 | 095 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13603 | 8825 | 6111 | 4667 | 3444 | 2508 | 1571 | 825 | 397 | 127 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14095 | 9095 | 6365 | 4841 | 3556 | 2635 | 1619 | 857 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14444 | 9365 | 6556 | 50 | 3683 | 2746 | 1683 | 921 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14746 | 9603 | 6714 | 5159 | 381 | 2794 | 1746 | 937 | 413 | 159 | 143 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15048 | 9841 | 6889 | 5286 | 3921 | 2873 | 181 | 968 | 444 | 175 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15349 | 10016 | 7079 | 5397 | 40 | 2968 | 1873 | 10 | 46 | 159 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15587 | 10206 | 7206 | 5508 | 4095 | 3032 | 1952 | 1048 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15778 | 10349 | 7317 | 5635 | 4159 | 3048 | 2016 | 1079 | 46 | 143 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
16048 | 10476 | 7444 | 573 | 4222 | 3127 | 2032 | 1095 | 492 | 127 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16571 | 10762 | 7587 | 5841 | 4333 | 3254 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16873 | 10889 | 7714 | 5905 | 4397 | 327 | 2127 | 1127 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17048 | 110 | 7825 | 5984 | 4429 | 3302 | 2143 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17524 | 11238 | 7968 | 6016 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17698 | 11381 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19016 | 1146 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 159 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18794 | 11476 | 7952 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 175 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17444 | 11206 | 7952 | 6032 | 4476 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12794 | 8333 | 5762 | 4429 | 327 | 2413 | 146 | 778 | 397 | 079 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
619 | 778 | 889 | 889 | 794 | 492 | 286 | 175 | 175 | 063 | 095 | 079 | ||||||||||||
524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
444 | 603 | 667 | 698 | 603 | 397 | 19 | 143 | 175 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
333 | 46 | 492 | 524 | 476 | 27 | 143 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 095 | ||||||||||||
286 | 413 | 444 | 444 | 444 | 238 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 079 | ||||||||||||
254 | 349 | 381 | 397 | 429 | 19 | 095 | 111 | 111 | 063 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
175 | 159 | 143 | 079 | 016 | 143 | 016 | 048 | 095 | 127 | 159 | 159 | ||||||||||||
143 | 079 | 063 | 063 | 032 | 095 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 095 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 095 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 048 | 063 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
127 | 111 | 063 | 095 | 159 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 238 | 111 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 175 | 19 | 175 | 19 | 111 | 111 | 143 | 143 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
19 | 206 | 206 | 222 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | 063 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
222 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 159 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
238 | 302 | 333 | 349 | 381 | 159 | 111 | 143 | 111 | 048 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
254 | 365 | 413 | 413 | 444 | 206 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 079 | 175 | 063 | ||||||||||||
317 | 429 | 46 | 476 | 46 | 254 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 238 | 079 | ||||||||||||
365 | 476 | 524 | 571 | 508 | 302 | 159 | 127 | 143 | 048 | 206 | 079 | ||||||||||||
413 | 556 | 619 | 667 | 571 | 381 | 175 | 127 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
476 | 635 | 714 | 73 | 635 | 429 | 222 | 159 | 19 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
556 | 714 | 825 | 825 | 73 | 46 | 254 | 175 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
635 | 825 | 952 | 937 | 81 | 54 | 286 | 175 | 159 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
698 | 984 | 1079 | 1032 | 873 | 603 | 333 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
73 | 1159 | 1238 | 1159 | 952 | 683 | 381 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 127 | 079 | ||||||||||||
778 | 1349 | 1429 | 1302 | 1111 | 73 | 429 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
857 | 1587 | 1603 | 1476 | 1238 | 81 | 476 | 27 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
952 | 1889 | 181 | 1651 | 1349 | 889 | 556 | 302 | 159 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1127 | 2238 | 2048 | 1841 | 146 | 984 | 603 | 317 | 19 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1397 | 2651 | 2317 | 2032 | 1603 | 1111 | 635 | 333 | 222 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1937 | 3095 | 2587 | 2238 | 1746 | 1222 | 698 | 381 | 222 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2968 | 3556 | 2889 | 246 | 1873 | 1302 | 762 | 429 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
4333 | 4063 | 3206 | 2667 | 2016 | 1397 | 825 | 46 | 254 | 048 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
5571 | 4603 | 3508 | 2873 | 2175 | 1556 | 889 | 476 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
6587 | 5127 | 3841 | 3079 | 2333 | 1667 | 10 | 524 | 238 | 032 | 175 | 111 | ||||||||||||
7556 | 5667 | 4175 | 3286 | 2492 | 173 | 1063 | 571 | 254 | 048 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
8587 | 6222 | 4476 | 3492 | 2603 | 1873 | 1095 | 603 | 27 | 048 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
9635 | 6746 | 4762 | 3714 | 273 | 2016 | 119 | 667 | 302 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
10619 | 7206 | 5048 | 3937 | 2889 | 2111 | 1286 | 698 | 333 | 095 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
11524 | 7635 | 5349 | 4143 | 3063 | 2222 | 1349 | 714 | 365 | 063 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12365 | 8079 | 5619 | 4317 | 319 | 2349 | 1413 | 762 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
13048 | 8508 | 5857 | 4508 | 3302 | 2444 | 1492 | 794 | 397 | 095 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13603 | 8825 | 6111 | 4667 | 3444 | 2508 | 1571 | 825 | 397 | 127 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14095 | 9095 | 6365 | 4841 | 3556 | 2635 | 1619 | 857 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14444 | 9365 | 6556 | 50 | 3683 | 2746 | 1683 | 921 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14746 | 9603 | 6714 | 5159 | 381 | 2794 | 1746 | 937 | 413 | 159 | 143 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15048 | 9841 | 6889 | 5286 | 3921 | 2873 | 181 | 968 | 444 | 175 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15349 | 10016 | 7079 | 5397 | 40 | 2968 | 1873 | 10 | 46 | 159 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15587 | 10206 | 7206 | 5508 | 4095 | 3032 | 1952 | 1048 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15778 | 10349 | 7317 | 5635 | 4159 | 3048 | 2016 | 1079 | 46 | 143 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
16048 | 10476 | 7444 | 573 | 4222 | 3127 | 2032 | 1095 | 492 | 127 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16571 | 10762 | 7587 | 5841 | 4333 | 3254 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16873 | 10889 | 7714 | 5905 | 4397 | 327 | 2127 | 1127 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17048 | 110 | 7825 | 5984 | 4429 | 3302 | 2143 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17524 | 11238 | 7968 | 6016 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17698 | 11381 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19016 | 1146 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 159 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18794 | 11476 | 7952 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 175 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17444 | 11206 | 7952 | 6032 | 4476 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12794 | 8333 | 5762 | 4429 | 327 | 2413 | 146 | 778 | 397 | 079 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
619 | 778 | 889 | 889 | 794 | 492 | 286 | 175 | 175 | 063 | 095 | 079 | ||||||||||||
524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
444 | 603 | 667 | 698 | 603 | 397 | 19 | 143 | 175 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
333 | 46 | 492 | 524 | 476 | 27 | 143 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 095 | ||||||||||||
286 | 413 | 444 | 444 | 444 | 238 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 079 | ||||||||||||
254 | 349 | 381 | 397 | 429 | 19 | 095 | 111 | 111 | 063 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 752 | 297 | 454 | 053 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 856 | 664 | 454 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | 978 | 734 | 489 | 315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 874 | 1118 | 786 | 489 | 402 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 908 | 1415 | 124 | 803 | 506 | 402 | 262 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 454 | 1624 | 1659 | 1345 | 856 | 506 | 384 | 402 | 035 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1275 | 2096 | 1817 | 1449 | 943 | 559 | 384 | 419 | 14 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2131 | 2323 | 2008 | 1572 | 1031 | 628 | 402 | 402 | 244 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2602 | 2516 | 2201 | 1729 | 1153 | 699 | 454 | 384 | 332 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 2777 | 2725 | 2393 | 1886 | 1275 | 768 | 489 | 366 | 315 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2986 | 2585 | 2026 | 1398 | 821 | 541 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3354 | 3232 | 2777 | 2201 | 152 | 891 | 524 | 384 | 349 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 193 | 372 | 351 | 2986 | 2358 | 1607 | 925 | 524 | 402 | 332 | 105 | ||||||||||||
0 | 1555 | 4053 | 379 | 3232 | 2533 | 1712 | 978 | 524 | 437 | 332 | 209 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3109 | 4454 | 4104 | 3423 | 2673 | 1799 | 1031 | 541 | 402 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 475 | 4856 | 4402 | 3634 | 2795 | 1886 | 11 | 577 | 384 | 349 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 5484 | 5293 | 4681 | 3825 | 2935 | 2008 | 1153 | 612 | 366 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6288 | 5729 | 4961 | 4018 | 3057 | 2114 | 1205 | 664 | 384 | 297 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7126 | 6166 | 5222 | 4209 | 3179 | 2201 | 1223 | 681 | 402 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7965 | 6567 | 5484 | 4384 | 3301 | 227 | 1258 | 664 | 402 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8821 | 69 | 5729 | 4506 | 3388 | 2305 | 1258 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 332 | ||||||||||||
1817 | 9729 | 7231 | 5939 | 4628 | 3476 | 2358 | 1327 | 681 | 437 | 332 | 349 | ||||||||||||
7091 | 10672 | 7581 | 6096 | 4716 | 351 | 2376 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
13205 | 11441 | 7878 | 6201 | 4803 | 351 | 241 | 1398 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
17973 | 11965 | 8052 | 6254 | 4821 | 3528 | 241 | 1415 | 734 | 402 | 315 | 384 | ||||||||||||
19475 | 12209 | 8122 | 6254 | 4803 | 3528 | 2445 | 1398 | 752 | 419 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
200 | 12313 | 814 | 6254 | 4803 | 3581 | 2463 | 138 | 716 | 437 | 315 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1951 | 12191 | 8157 | 6288 | 4803 | 3598 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 472 | 349 | 349 | ||||||||||||
18148 | 11843 | 8087 | 6305 | 4838 | 3616 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
12733 | 11213 | 7965 | 627 | 4838 | 3581 | 2463 | 1362 | 699 | 437 | 349 | 384 | ||||||||||||
6638 | 1041 | 772 | 6148 | 4803 | 3545 | 2445 | 1327 | 716 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
1187 | 9502 | 7406 | 5991 | 4734 | 3494 | 241 | 1327 | 699 | 384 | 315 | 332 | ||||||||||||
0 | 8594 | 6935 | 5764 | 4594 | 3423 | 2358 | 1327 | 716 | 384 | 315 | 315 | ||||||||||||
0 | 7685 | 6533 | 552 | 4437 | 3319 | 2288 | 1293 | 681 | 384 | 315 | 349 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6864 | 6061 | 524 | 4262 | 3232 | 2218 | 1258 | 646 | 402 | 332 | 366 | ||||||||||||
0 | 6061 | 5624 | 4961 | 4087 | 3126 | 2079 | 1187 | 612 | 419 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 524 | 5153 | 4681 | 3895 | 2969 | 1957 | 1136 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 3773 | 4699 | 4366 | 372 | 2795 | 1834 | 1083 | 612 | 419 | 349 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 2008 | 4315 | 4069 | 3494 | 2638 | 1764 | 1048 | 594 | 402 | 332 | 402 | ||||||||||||
0 | 541 | 3913 | 3773 | 3266 | 248 | 1659 | 1013 | 577 | 402 | 332 | 297 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3563 | 3476 | 3022 | 2341 | 1572 | 943 | 541 | 384 | 315 | 175 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3248 | 3197 | 2813 | 2183 | 1449 | 874 | 506 | 349 | 332 | 035 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 3057 | 2917 | 2602 | 2043 | 1327 | 803 | 489 | 366 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 1992 | 2707 | 241 | 1886 | 1223 | 734 | 472 | 332 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 996 | 2498 | 2236 | 1729 | 1136 | 699 | 454 | 349 | 366 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 018 | 2288 | 2079 | 1589 | 1048 | 664 | 402 | 366 | 297 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1974 | 1921 | 1433 | 978 | 628 | 384 | 454 | 175 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1205 | 1817 | 1309 | 891 | 594 | 384 | 524 | 053 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 524 | 1293 | 1205 | 839 | 559 | 419 | 366 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 716 | 11 | 768 | 541 | 454 | 193 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 1048 | 734 | 524 | 472 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 891 | 681 | 437 | 437 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
175 | 159 | 143 | 079 | 016 | 143 | 016 | 048 | 095 | 127 | 159 | 159 | ||||||||||||
143 | 079 | 063 | 063 | 032 | 095 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 095 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 095 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 048 | 063 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 143 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
127 | 111 | 063 | 095 | 159 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 095 | 143 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 238 | 111 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 143 | 127 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 175 | 19 | 175 | 19 | 111 | 111 | 143 | 143 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
19 | 206 | 206 | 222 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | 063 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
222 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 159 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
238 | 254 | 27 | 286 | 302 | 143 | 079 | 159 | 143 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
238 | 302 | 333 | 349 | 381 | 159 | 111 | 143 | 111 | 048 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
254 | 365 | 413 | 413 | 444 | 206 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 079 | 175 | 063 | ||||||||||||
317 | 429 | 46 | 476 | 46 | 254 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 238 | 079 | ||||||||||||
365 | 476 | 524 | 571 | 508 | 302 | 159 | 127 | 143 | 048 | 206 | 079 | ||||||||||||
413 | 556 | 619 | 667 | 571 | 381 | 175 | 127 | 159 | 063 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
476 | 635 | 714 | 73 | 635 | 429 | 222 | 159 | 19 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
556 | 714 | 825 | 825 | 73 | 46 | 254 | 175 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
635 | 825 | 952 | 937 | 81 | 54 | 286 | 175 | 159 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
698 | 984 | 1079 | 1032 | 873 | 603 | 333 | 206 | 143 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
73 | 1159 | 1238 | 1159 | 952 | 683 | 381 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 127 | 079 | ||||||||||||
778 | 1349 | 1429 | 1302 | 1111 | 73 | 429 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
857 | 1587 | 1603 | 1476 | 1238 | 81 | 476 | 27 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
952 | 1889 | 181 | 1651 | 1349 | 889 | 556 | 302 | 159 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1127 | 2238 | 2048 | 1841 | 146 | 984 | 603 | 317 | 19 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1397 | 2651 | 2317 | 2032 | 1603 | 1111 | 635 | 333 | 222 | 032 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
1937 | 3095 | 2587 | 2238 | 1746 | 1222 | 698 | 381 | 222 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2968 | 3556 | 2889 | 246 | 1873 | 1302 | 762 | 429 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
4333 | 4063 | 3206 | 2667 | 2016 | 1397 | 825 | 46 | 254 | 048 | 159 | 079 | ||||||||||||
5571 | 4603 | 3508 | 2873 | 2175 | 1556 | 889 | 476 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
6587 | 5127 | 3841 | 3079 | 2333 | 1667 | 10 | 524 | 238 | 032 | 175 | 111 | ||||||||||||
7556 | 5667 | 4175 | 3286 | 2492 | 173 | 1063 | 571 | 254 | 048 | 175 | 079 | ||||||||||||
8587 | 6222 | 4476 | 3492 | 2603 | 1873 | 1095 | 603 | 27 | 048 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
9635 | 6746 | 4762 | 3714 | 273 | 2016 | 119 | 667 | 302 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
10619 | 7206 | 5048 | 3937 | 2889 | 2111 | 1286 | 698 | 333 | 095 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
11524 | 7635 | 5349 | 4143 | 3063 | 2222 | 1349 | 714 | 365 | 063 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12365 | 8079 | 5619 | 4317 | 319 | 2349 | 1413 | 762 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
13048 | 8508 | 5857 | 4508 | 3302 | 2444 | 1492 | 794 | 397 | 095 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13603 | 8825 | 6111 | 4667 | 3444 | 2508 | 1571 | 825 | 397 | 127 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14095 | 9095 | 6365 | 4841 | 3556 | 2635 | 1619 | 857 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14444 | 9365 | 6556 | 50 | 3683 | 2746 | 1683 | 921 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14746 | 9603 | 6714 | 5159 | 381 | 2794 | 1746 | 937 | 413 | 159 | 143 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15048 | 9841 | 6889 | 5286 | 3921 | 2873 | 181 | 968 | 444 | 175 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15349 | 10016 | 7079 | 5397 | 40 | 2968 | 1873 | 10 | 46 | 159 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15587 | 10206 | 7206 | 5508 | 4095 | 3032 | 1952 | 1048 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15778 | 10349 | 7317 | 5635 | 4159 | 3048 | 2016 | 1079 | 46 | 143 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
16048 | 10476 | 7444 | 573 | 4222 | 3127 | 2032 | 1095 | 492 | 127 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16349 | 10619 | 7524 | 581 | 4302 | 319 | 2079 | 1127 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16571 | 10762 | 7587 | 5841 | 4333 | 3254 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 032 | ||||||||||||
16873 | 10889 | 7714 | 5905 | 4397 | 327 | 2127 | 1127 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17048 | 110 | 7825 | 5984 | 4429 | 3302 | 2143 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17143 | 11095 | 7873 | 6032 | 4444 | 3349 | 2175 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17317 | 11159 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17524 | 11238 | 7968 | 6016 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17698 | 11381 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17873 | 1146 | 7968 | 6016 | 4476 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18048 | 11492 | 7968 | 6048 | 446 | 3365 | 2206 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18238 | 11492 | 7921 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18413 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4429 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 127 | 095 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18619 | 11476 | 7937 | 6032 | 446 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18889 | 11476 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 159 | 048 | ||||||||||||
19048 | 11444 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 175 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19032 | 11476 | 8016 | 5984 | 4476 | 3381 | 2238 | 1175 | 556 | 222 | 159 | 032 | ||||||||||||
19016 | 1146 | 7968 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 524 | 159 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18794 | 11476 | 7952 | 6032 | 4492 | 3381 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 175 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
18524 | 11476 | 7921 | 6032 | 446 | 3397 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 143 | 032 | ||||||||||||
18349 | 11476 | 7905 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 492 | 127 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
18159 | 11492 | 7952 | 6032 | 4444 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 111 | 048 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17968 | 11492 | 7968 | 6032 | 4476 | 3365 | 219 | 1175 | 54 | 127 | 063 | 032 | ||||||||||||
1781 | 11444 | 7984 | 6016 | 4492 | 3365 | 219 | 1159 | 524 | 143 | 048 | 016 | ||||||||||||
17619 | 11333 | 7984 | 60 | 4492 | 3381 | 2159 | 1159 | 508 | 127 | 032 | 032 | ||||||||||||
17444 | 11206 | 7952 | 6032 | 4476 | 3381 | 2175 | 1159 | 508 | 143 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17238 | 11127 | 7921 | 6048 | 4444 | 3365 | 2175 | 1175 | 524 | 143 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
17127 | 11063 | 7857 | 6032 | 4444 | 3333 | 2159 | 1159 | 556 | 127 | 063 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16984 | 10952 | 7778 | 5937 | 4429 | 3286 | 2127 | 1143 | 54 | 111 | 095 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16714 | 10841 | 7667 | 5873 | 4365 | 3254 | 2127 | 1143 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
16492 | 10698 | 7571 | 5841 | 4317 | 3238 | 2095 | 1143 | 508 | 143 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
16222 | 10556 | 7492 | 5778 | 427 | 3175 | 2048 | 1111 | 508 | 127 | 111 | 016 | ||||||||||||
15921 | 10429 | 7381 | 5698 | 4206 | 3095 | 2016 | 1079 | 476 | 127 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15698 | 10286 | 7286 | 5587 | 4127 | 3048 | 1984 | 1063 | 444 | 159 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
15492 | 10127 | 7159 | 5476 | 4048 | 3016 | 1937 | 1032 | 46 | 159 | 111 | 048 | ||||||||||||
15222 | 9968 | 70 | 5349 | 3968 | 2952 | 1841 | 984 | 46 | 175 | 127 | 048 | ||||||||||||
14937 | 9746 | 6825 | 5222 | 3873 | 2825 | 1794 | 952 | 429 | 19 | 159 | 063 | ||||||||||||
14635 | 9508 | 6651 | 5095 | 3746 | 2778 | 1714 | 937 | 413 | 143 | 127 | 032 | ||||||||||||
14317 | 9254 | 6476 | 4937 | 3635 | 2698 | 1651 | 905 | 413 | 111 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
13921 | 8984 | 627 | 4778 | 3508 | 2571 | 1603 | 841 | 397 | 127 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
13381 | 8714 | 60 | 4603 | 3381 | 2476 | 154 | 81 | 397 | 111 | 111 | 063 | ||||||||||||
12794 | 8333 | 5762 | 4429 | 327 | 2413 | 146 | 778 | 397 | 079 | 095 | 032 | ||||||||||||
12032 | 7905 | 5524 | 4238 | 3143 | 2302 | 1381 | 73 | 397 | 079 | 079 | 048 | ||||||||||||
11175 | 746 | 5238 | 4063 | 30 | 2175 | 1333 | 73 | 349 | 079 | 095 | 063 | ||||||||||||
10222 | 7016 | 4937 | 3857 | 2825 | 2079 | 1254 | 698 | 317 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
9222 | 6556 | 4651 | 3635 | 2683 | 1952 | 1143 | 635 | 286 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
8175 | 60 | 4365 | 3413 | 2556 | 181 | 1079 | 571 | 27 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
7159 | 546 | 4032 | 3206 | 2429 | 1698 | 1032 | 556 | 254 | 048 | 19 | 095 | ||||||||||||
6206 | 4921 | 3714 | 30 | 227 | 1619 | 968 | 508 | 238 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
5111 | 4381 | 3397 | 2794 | 2095 | 1492 | 857 | 46 | 238 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
3778 | 3873 | 3079 | 2587 | 1952 | 1349 | 794 | 444 | 254 | 048 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
2492 | 3365 | 2778 | 2365 | 1825 | 1286 | 73 | 413 | 238 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
1667 | 2905 | 2476 | 2159 | 1683 | 119 | 667 | 365 | 222 | 032 | 143 | 063 | ||||||||||||
127 | 2476 | 2222 | 1952 | 1556 | 1048 | 619 | 317 | 206 | 032 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
1032 | 2095 | 1952 | 1762 | 1413 | 952 | 587 | 317 | 175 | 016 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
905 | 1762 | 173 | 1587 | 1317 | 873 | 524 | 286 | 143 | 032 | 175 | 095 | ||||||||||||
825 | 1492 | 154 | 1413 | 119 | 778 | 444 | 254 | 159 | 063 | 19 | 079 | ||||||||||||
762 | 127 | 1349 | 1238 | 1048 | 698 | 397 | 27 | 175 | 063 | 159 | 095 | ||||||||||||
714 | 1095 | 1159 | 1111 | 905 | 651 | 365 | 238 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
683 | 921 | 1016 | 10 | 841 | 587 | 302 | 19 | 143 | 079 | 079 | 063 | ||||||||||||
619 | 778 | 889 | 889 | 794 | 492 | 286 | 175 | 175 | 063 | 095 | 079 | ||||||||||||
524 | 683 | 778 | 778 | 698 | 46 | 254 | 159 | 175 | 048 | 127 | 095 | ||||||||||||
444 | 603 | 667 | 698 | 603 | 397 | 19 | 143 | 175 | 048 | 143 | 079 | ||||||||||||
381 | 524 | 571 | 635 | 54 | 349 | 159 | 111 | 159 | 048 | 19 | 063 | ||||||||||||
333 | 46 | 492 | 524 | 476 | 27 | 143 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 095 | ||||||||||||
286 | 413 | 444 | 444 | 444 | 238 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 079 | 222 | 079 | ||||||||||||
254 | 349 | 381 | 397 | 429 | 19 | 095 | 111 | 111 | 063 | 175 | 048 | ||||||||||||
238 | 286 | 317 | 333 | 349 | 143 | 095 | 143 | 127 | 048 | 127 | 063 | ||||||||||||
222 | 254 | 254 | 27 | 27 | 159 | 079 | 159 | 159 | 063 | 111 | 079 | ||||||||||||
206 | 222 | 222 | 238 | 238 | 159 | 048 | 127 | 143 | 063 | 095 | 095 | ||||||||||||
175 | 19 | 19 | 206 | 206 | 127 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
159 | 159 | 175 | 159 | 206 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
159 | 143 | 127 | 111 | 238 | 127 | 111 | 111 | 127 | 127 | 111 | 111 | ||||||||||||
143 | 127 | 079 | 111 | 206 | 111 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
111 | 111 | 063 | 079 | 127 | 079 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 143 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 095 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 095 | 111 | 143 | 079 | 111 | 127 | ||||||||||||
111 | 063 | 063 | 048 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 143 | 127 | 079 | 127 | 127 | ||||||||||||
095 | 048 | 063 | 063 | 079 | 079 | 095 | 127 | 111 | 095 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
127 | 063 | 048 | 063 | 048 | 079 | 095 | 079 | 111 | 079 | 127 | 111 | ||||||||||||
175 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 032 | 111 | 079 | 063 | 095 | 095 | 143 | 127 |
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 43
The luminance of air nitrogen within Radiation Field areaPicture taken at Accno 2 JAERI TRCRE
500keV
800keV
Dose Distribution Visualization
Ref Presentation by Sylwester Bułka et al International Atomic Energy Agency Meeting on Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Warsaw Poland 14 ndash 18 May 2007
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 44
Determination of Reactor Depth in Flue Gas Treatment
Utilization of E-beam ()
Depth of Reactor (cm)
06MeV 07MeV 08 MeV 09MeV 10 MeV85 172 230 263 287 30890 192 253 291 315 33295 218 280 325 345 35996 226 290 336 353 36697 233 295 344 360 37398 243 305 356 365 37899 265 325 374 384 390
20E410E310E210E110E010E-110E-2
E=10MeV
Ref Mao Benjiang ldquoFlue Gas Desulphuration and Denitration with Electron Beam Irradiation and Ammonia reagentrdquo 2005
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 45
Technology Technical approach
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 46
Key Experimental Parameters
bull E-Beam dose (kJgm)bull Gas residence time in beam and off beam (ms)bull E-Beam energy 300-500 keVbull Use of a promoter such as carbon monoxidebull Use of catalyst(s)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 47
bull E-Beam Energy Consumption kJgm of Methane
bull Estimate based on the heat of reaction for a model reaction (direct production of liquid fuels from methane)
Example Reaction
gt 8 CH4 = C8 H18 (Isooctane) + 7 H2
(Endothermic Heat of Reaction = 293 kJgm methane)
H2 yield ~110 wt of feed methane
Target Range of E-Beam Dose
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 48
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued) gt Experimental Data indicate ~ 4-7 kJgm methane (as electrical energy) for E-
Beam based pure methane conversion to H2 C2-C4 gases amp C5+ liquid fuels
Ref Vinokurov et al Chemistry amp Technology of Fuels and Oils V-41 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 49
gt For a mixture with 50 mol CH4 and 50 mol CO2
based on the endothermic heat of reaction for
CO2 + CH4 = CO + CH3OHthe theoretical energy need would be about 77 KJgm of methane
gt Assuming 30 E-Beam losses in the reactor this would be ~11 KJgm methanegt Initially we can use a target value of ~15 KJgm methane feed
Target Range of E-Beam Dose (continued)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 50
E-Beam Plasma-based Chemical Reactions are Ultra-fast
gt ldquoDue to very high concentrations of ions radicals ion-radicals and other reactive particles in E-Beam plasma chemical reactions take place at extremely high rates of ~001-10 millisecondsrdquo
Ref Vinokurov et al ldquoPlasma-Chemical Processing of Natural Gasrdquo Chem amp Tech of Fuels and Oils Vol 41 No 2 2005
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 51
Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment
Schematic diagram of the EBFGT technologyRef Kim et al ldquoElectron-beam Flue-gas Treatment Plant for Thermal Power Station ldquoSvilozardquo AD in Bulgariardquo J of the Korean Physical Society Vol 59 No 6 December 2011 pp 34943498
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 52
Data for H2 from Methane Residence Time ~2 ms
Ref ldquoH2 Production from Methane in E-Beam Plasmardquo Sharafutdinov et al Technical Physics Letter Vol 31 2005
For E-Beam based H2production from methane literature data indicates average gas residence time of about 2 milliseconds
Target Range of Gas Residence Time
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 53
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Gas feed rate std litersmin 1 6
H2 yield (wt methane) 235 67
C2-C4 (wt CH4) 85 377
C5+ liquids (wt CH4) none 556
Carbon (wt CH4) 68 none
Yield of liquids is favored at lower Gas Residence Times (vs H2)
Ref Vinokurov et al data Chemistry and Technology of Fuels amp Oils V-41 2 2005
For maximum liquid productions from methane gas residence time should be about 02-10 milliseconds
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 54
gt Literature data for typical gas residence times (or gas velocities) for E-Beam based removal of SOXNOX from power plant flue gas show
For pilot plant studies Williams et al have reported E-Beam reactor gas velocities of about 13-26 meterssecond
gt For an experimental E-Beam reactor with a cross-flow interaction of feed gas amp E-beam over 3 cc volume amp an effective area of 15 sqcm for gas flow we would need a gas flow of 100 std litersmin to allow ~2 ms gas residence time
The Gas velocity would be ~11 meterssecond
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Ref K Williams et al ldquoExpts For Very High Power E-Beam Systems for Utility Stack Gas Treatmentrdquo Rad Phys Chem V-31 1-3 pp 29-44 1988
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 55
Target Range of Gas Residence Time (continued)
Vinokurov et Al had tested CO2CH4 (11 molar ratio) conversion with Corona-discharge and barrier-discharge type plasma
bull ~43 per pass methane conversion with Corona discharge (vs~15 with Barrier discharge)
bull Product liquids contained methanol formaldehyde formic acid etc
bull The yield of liquid increased to 52 at 14 litersmin gas flow (vs 28 at 3 litersmin)
bull E-Beam energy need was the lowest with E-Beam conversion of near-pure methane (vs those with Corona amp Barrier discharge)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 56
Target for Promoters
Mechanism Koch-Haaf Reaction Initiated by CH3+ ions
CH3+ + CO = CH3CO+ (plus H2O) CH3COOH2
+
As CO would be a product it can be recycled to the Reactor
Ref H Arai et al Zeitschrift fur Phyik Chemie Neue Folge Bd 131 S69-78 (1982)
Use of CO as a promoter may increase the selectivity to acetic acid
With the use of E-Beam these authors reported higher acetic acid yields at a higher CO2CH4 feed ratios (CO conc would increase at higher CO2contents)
Arunabha Basu Consultant
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 57
Limitations of Experimental Approach
bull Reactor size constraints1 Size of Ti-window affects E-Beam dose in the reactor2 Volume of reactor affects residence time
bull Analytical equipment with detection limit in ppmv
bull Duration of experiment to collect enough condensate
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 58
Administrative Efforts
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 59
Planned Project Team
Department of EnergyProject oversight
GTIMs Kate Jauridez
Contract Administrator
GTIMr Osman Akpolat ndash PIPM
bull Coordinate all project activities
bull Project Managementbull Project QAQCbull Analytical Diagnostics
ConsultantDr Arunabha Basu
bull Design of Experimentbull Data Analysisbull Economics
GTIMr Vann Bush
Managing DirectorInternal consultant
SUNYDr Theodore Dibble
bull Reaction Kinetics Consultation
bull Model development
IBAMr Rick Galloway
bull E-Beam Consultationbull Management of IBA
activities
GTIMr Howard Meyerbull Project Overviewbull Project
Managementbull Project QAQC
GTIMr Timothy Tamale
System Integration and Testing
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 60
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 1 and 2
Task 10 ndash Project Management and Planningbull GTI will coordinate and plan the project activities with Team Members at IBA and SUNY GTI will
report technical progress and financial status to DOENETL throughout the duration of the project
bull GTI shall coordinate activities in order to effectively accomplish the work and ensure that project
plans results and decisions are appropriately documented and project reporting and briefing
requirements are satisfied
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized
without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officerbull Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1bull Satisfactory achievement of applicable success criteria as identified in the PMPbull Submission and approval of a Continuation Application in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the award
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 61
Project Structure ndash Task DescriptionBudget Period 1
Task 20 ndashDesign and Construction of Experimental System
Subtask 21 ndash Reactor Design and Construction
Subtask 22 ndash Test Unit Design and Construction
Subtask 23 ndash Catalyst Selection
Task 30 ndash Start-Up and System Checks at GTI
Task 40 ndashSystem Commissioning at IBA
Task 71 - Develop Preliminary Kinetic Model
GoNo Go Decision Point ndash Budget Period 2 work under this agreement shall not be authorized without the specific written authorization of the Contracting Officer
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 62
Project Structure ndash Task Description
Budget Period 2
Task 50 - Conduct Parametric Testing
Subtask 51 Initial scoping experiments
Subtask 52 Co-current flow testing
Subtask 53 Parametric testing
Task 60 - Conduct Parametric Testing with Catalyst
Task 72 - Develop Kinetic Model
Task 80 - Data Analysis Life Cycle Analysis and Economics
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 63
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 1
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 64
Project Schedule ndash Budget Period 2
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 65
Budget ndash Project Funding Profile
Budget Period 1 Budget Period 2 Total Project
05012017-01312018 02012018-04302019Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share Government
ShareCost Share
Gas Technology Institute $150763 $0 $221811 $0 $372574 $0
IBA $50000 $65000 $276000 $141000 $326000 $206000
State Univ of NY $25000 $0 $50000 $0 $75000 $0
Dr Arunabha Basu $16623 $0 $9800 $0 $26423 $0
Total $242386 $65000 $557611 $141000 $799997 $206000Cost Share 79 21 80 20 80 20
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology
NETL Project Kickoff Meeting DE-FE0029787 - High Energy Systems for Transforming CO2 to Valuable Products 66
Turning Raw Technology into Practical Solutionswwwgastechnologyorg gastechnology