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Defining Public Health &
Water Issues
Lokhaze AliVisiting Faculty
NICE, SCEE, NUST
Defining Public Health and Water Issues 2
Thought of the Day
Defining Public Health and Water Issues 3
Public Health
Defining Public Health and Water Issues 4
Public Health
• Public Health consists of organized efforts to improve the health of communities
• The operative components of this definition are that public health efforts are organized and directed to communities rather than to individuals
• Central Goal for Communities– The reduction of diseases– Improvement of health
Defining Public Health and Water Issues 5
The Future of Public HealthInstitute of Medicine (IOM)
Organized community effort to address the public interest in health by applying scientific and technical knowledge to prevent disease and promote health
Defining Public Health and Water Issues 6
Public Health Activities
• Prevent epidemics• Protects the environment, workplaces, housing, food
and air• Monitors health status of population• Mobilizes community action• Responds to disasters• Assures quality, accessibility and accountability of
medical care• Reaches out to link high-risk and hard to reach people
to needed services• Researches to develop new insights and innovative
solutions • Leads the development of sound health policy and
planning
Defining Public Health and Water Issues 7
Ten Great Public Health Achievements
• VaccinesSmallpox, Measles, Rabies, Typhoid, Cholera, Plague
• Recognition of tobacco use as a health hazard
• Motor Vehicle SafetySeat Belts, Helmets
• Safer Workplaces40% decrease in fatal occupational injuries (since 1980)
• Control of Infectious DiseasesImproved Water and Wastewater Supply Line
Defining Public Health and Water Issues 8
Ten Great Public Health Achievements
• Fewer deaths from heart disease and strokes
51% decrease in death rates, blood pressure control, early detection, better treatment
• Safer and Healthier Foods• Healthier mothers and babies
Reduced infant mortality by 90% and maternal mortality by 99%
• Family Planning• Public Health Preparedness and Response
Defining Public Health and Water Issues 9
Life Expectancy
Male
Female
Defining Public Health and Water Issues 10
Defining Public Health and Water Issues 11
Water Issues
Defining Public Health and Water Issues 12
Water Issues
Water plays a fundamental role in the green economy as it interacts with poverty, food security, health and so many other sustainable development issues.
Priority water-related issues1. Agriculture2. Industry3. Cities4. Watersheds
Defining Public Health and Water Issues 13
Agriculture
• 70% of global water withdrawals
• provides employment for 40% of the global population
Challenges:• Water scarcity and water
quality degradation trends• Rising food prices• Vulnerability of small-scale
farmers• Growing population, food
production and dietary habits
• Inefficient use of water• Non-point source pollution
of water, land and coastal areas
Defining Public Health and Water Issues 14
Approaches to address agricultural challenges
Coping with these challenges will require• adaptations in agricultural
practices, food production chains, food markets, land management
• water management practices, including pollution control
• information and knowledge, institutional capacities
• water governance
Defining Public Health and Water Issues 15
Industry
• critical for the delivery goods and services
• creation of job opportunities to foster poverty alleviation and the improvement of living standards
Challenges:• Excessive use and
contamination of freshwater
• Low labor productivity and a limited capacity for innovation in developing countries
• Inefficient and unsustainable production and promotion of unnecessary consumption
Defining Public Health and Water Issues 16
Approaches to address industry challenges
Coping with these challenges requires• Advances in regulatory
frameworks• a better normative
framework focused on adapting manufacturing practices to the objectives of a green economy
• voluntary agreements • proper incentives
Defining Public Health and Water Issues 17
Cities
• Developments in cities have far-reaching effects upon the world’s economies, energy use and climate change
Challenges:• Adequate water and
sanitation facilities for growing urban population
• Meeting basic needs in slum areas
• Water pollution• Water loss in supply
systems• Water price
Defining Public Health and Water Issues 18
Approaches to address cities’ challenges
Coping with these challenges requires• building institutional capacities
and governance to enhance the sustainability of urban development
• the recognition of the importance of natural capital and ecosystems services for a more harmonic integration among urban and rural areas
• awareness-raising• social involvement and leadership
to make the objectives of green urban development the focus and the identity of cities
• sustainable urban water management
Defining Public Health and Water Issues 19
Watersheds
• Freshwater ecosystems provide services that are crucial for human survival, supporting the economy and for the conservation of natural capital
Challenges:• Environmental
degradation and loss of freshwater ecosystems
• Overexploitation of water resources
• Climate change• Lack of information and
monitoring• Weak participatory
processes
Defining Public Health and Water Issues 20
Approaches to address watersheds’ challenges
• Investing in the recovery and the adequate protection of natural capital and freshwater ecosystems
• Ecosystem conservation• Integrated Water
Resources Management• Development of resilient
and adaptive social responses to extreme events and climate change
Defining Public Health and Water Issues 21
Defining Public Health and Water Issues 22
Defining Public Health and Water Issues 23
The Tools
1. Economic instruments
2. Sustainable financing
3. Investments in natural capital
4. Technology5. Green jobs6. Water planning
Defining Public Health and Water Issues 24
Enabling Conditions
• Institutional capacity
• Political will• Good governance• Long-term
integrated perspective
• Consensus at all levels
• Knowledge sharing
Defining Public Health and Water Issues 25
Photo of the Week Unicef Pakistan