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8/19/2019 Definisi, Ruang Lingkup Dan Sejarah
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Definisi, Ruang lingkup dan
Sejarah Perkembangan
MIKROBIOLOGI
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Pengantar
Sejarah penemuan mikrbia
Objek kajian mikrbilgi
Keanekaragaman mikrbia
Mikrbilgi sebagai disiplin ilmu!
metde kultur murni
teknik aseptis
Metde Ilmiah
Pengertian Mikrbilgi
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Pentingn"a Mikrbilgi
Lingkungan
Kesehatan
Industri dan Pangan
Pertanian
Biteknlgi
Penelitian
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#plikasi Mikrbilgi
Pendekatan taksonomis:
$irlgi
Bakterilgi
Miklgi
%iklgi
Prt&lgi
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Pendekatan %ungsi
Genetika mikrbia
Sistematika mikrbia
'klgi mikrbia
%isilgi mikrbia
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Pendekatan masalah
Mikrbilgi kesehatan
Mikrbilgi kefarmasian
Mikrbilgi Pertanian
Mikrbilgi Pangan
Mikrbilgi Lingkungan
Biteknlgi
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Keanekaragaman mikrbia
Ruang lingkup mikrobia!
Bakteria
#r(haea%ungi
Prt&a
#lgae$irus
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Keanekaragaman Mikrbia
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Struktur Mikrbia
Mikrobia aselular:
) *irus
Mikrobia prokaryotik:
) bakteria) ar(haea
Mikrobia eukaryotik:
) %ungi) Prt&a
) #lgae
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S(pe and +istr" f Mi(rbilg"
h" stud" mi(rbilg" -
S(pe f mi(rbilg"
+istri(al rts
.he Germ .her" f Diseases
'mergen(e f Spe(ial %ields f
Mi(rbilg".mmr/s histr"
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h" stud" mi(rbilg" -
Mi(rrganisms are part f the human
en*irnment→ imprtant t human health
and a(ti*ities
.he stud" f mi(rrganisms pr*ides
insight int life pr(esses in all frm f life
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S(pe f mi(rbilg"
.he mi(rbes!Microbiology! the stud" f mi(rrganisms0 ba(teria,
ar(haea, algae, fungi, prt&a, *irus, *irids, andprins
.he mi(rbilgists! #(ti*e Resear(h fields1 immunlg", *irlg",
(hemtherap", geneti(srks as resear(hers, tea(hers, le(turers, (lini(al,
industrial settings
D basi( resear(h in the bilgi(al s(ien(es+elp t perfrm diagnsti( testsDe*elp and test antibiti(s and *a((inesSafeguards the en*irnmentsPla" imprtant rles in the fd and be*erages
industries
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+istri(al rts
.he an(ient Greeks, Rmans, and 2e/s,all (ntributed t earl" understandings fthe spread f diseases
Diseases, su(h as bubni( pla3ue, s"philis
(aused millins f death be(ause la(k funderstanding f h/ t (ntrl r t treatthe infe(tins
.he de*elpment f high03ualit" lenses b"Leeu/enhek made it pssible t bser*emi(rrganisms and later frmulate the(ell ther"
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.he Germ .her" f Diseases
.he germ ther" f diseases states that
mi(rrganisms 4germs5 (an in*ade ther
rganisms and (ause disease6
'arl" studies!.he idea f Spntaneus generatin ha*e t be
refuted
%ran(es( Redi and La&ar Spalan&ani demnstrated
that rganisms did nt arise frm nn0li*ing material6Pasteur and ."ndall finall" dispelled the idea f
spntaneus generatin
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.he Germ .her" f Diseases Pasteur further (ntributins
ine making Disease in silk/rms De*elped rabies *a((ines
K(h (ntributins De*elped fur pstulates that aided in the definiti*e
establishment f the germ ther" f disease Koch Postulates:
76 .he spe(ifi( (ausati*e agent must be fund in e*er" (ase f thedisease
86 .he disease rganism must be islated in pure (ulture
96 In(ulatin f a sample f the (ulture int a health", sus(eptibleanimal must prdu(e the same disease6
:6 .he disease rganism must be re(*ered frm the in(ulatedanimal6
Koch als de*elped te(hni3ue fr islating rganisms,identified the ba(illus that (auses tuber(ulsis, de*elped
tuber(ulin, and studied *arius diseases in #sia and #fri(a
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.he Germ .her" f Diseases
) rk t/ard (ntrlling infe(tins
) Lister and Semmel/eis (ntributed t
impr*e sanitatin in medi(ine b" appl"ing
the germ ther" and using asepti(
te(hni3ue
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'mergen(e f Spe(ial %ields f
Mi(rbilg"
Immunology:
Immuni&atin /as first used against smallp;
2enner used fluid frm (/p; blisters t
immuni&e against it
Pasteur de*elped te(hni3ues t /eake
rganisms s the" /uld prdu(e immunit"
/ithut prdu(ing disease6
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'mergen(e f Spe(ial %ields f
Mi(rbilg"
Virlogy:Beijerin(k (hara(teri&ed *iruses as pathgeni(
mle(ules that (uld take *er a hst (ellme(hanisms fr their /n use
Reed demnstrated that ms3uites (an (arr" the"ell/ fe*er agent and se*eral in*estigatrs identified*iruses in the earl" t/entieth (entur"
.he stru(ture f D
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'mergen(e f Spe(ial %ields f
Mi(rbilg"
ChemoteraphySubstan(es deri*ed frm medi(inal plants
/ere *irtuall" the nl" sur(e f
(hemtherapeuti( agents until 'hrli(h begana s"stemati( sear(h fr (hemi(all" definedsubstan(es that /uld kill ba(teria
%leming and his (lleagues de*elped
peni(illin and Dmagk and thers de*elpedsulfa drugs
aksman and thers de*elped streptm"(inand ther antibiti(s deri*ed frm sil
mi(rrganisms
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'mergen(e f Spe(ial %ields f
Mi(rbilg"
) Geneti(s and Mle(ular Bilg"!
Griffith dis(*ered that pre*iusl" harmless
ba(teria (uld (hange their nature and
be(me (apable f (ausing disease6.he geneti( (hange /as sh/n b" #*er",
M(=art", and Ma(Led t be due t D
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.mmr/s histr"
Mi(rbilg" has been at the frefrnt f resear(h inmedi(ine and bilg", and mi(rrganism (ntinue tpla" a (riti(al rle in geneti( engineering and genetherap"
Ba(teriphage *iruses ma" be able t (ure diseases,and help ensure fd safet"6
Genomics: .he +uman Genme Prje(ts has identified the l(atins and
se3uen(e f all nu(letides in the human genme6
Mi(rbes and mi(rbilgi(al te(hni3ues ha*e (ntributed t this/rks
O*er 7>> ba(terial genmes ha*e been se3uen(ed (mpletel"6
# fe/ ba(teria ha*e t/ instead f ne (hrmsme6