Definition n Factors 2

8/12/2019 Definition n Factors 2

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CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 SIR THANA 019-564 3031

RATE OF REACTION

Definition

See!"t #$i%$ &e"%t"nt' "&e %on(e&te! into &o!)%t' in " %$e*i%"+ &e"%tion,

F"'t &e"%tion;- ti*e t"en i' '$o&t

So. t$e &e"%t"nt' i' /)i%+ %on(e&te! to t$e &o!)%t',

T$)'. t$e &"te of &e"%tion i' $i$$i$e&,

S+o# &e"%tion;- ti*e t"en i' +on

So. t$e &e"%t"nt' i' '+o#+ %on(e&te! to t$e &o!)%t',

T$)'. t$e &"teof &e"%tion i' +o#+o#e&,

$"t i' t$e &e+"tion et#een &"te' of &e"%tion #it$

ti*e

$en t$e ti*e t"en i' '$o&t. t$e &"te of &e"%tion i' $i$e&.

$en t$e ti*e t"en i' +one&. t$e &"te of &e"%tion i' +o#e&,

R"te of &e"%tion i' !i&e%t+ &oo&tion"+ #it$ 1ti*e

R"te of &e"%tion i' in(e&'e+ &oo&tion"+ #it$ ti*e

Me"')&in t$e &"te of &e"%tion


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S)it"+e %$"ne' (o+)*e of "' +ie&"te!

&e%iit"te fo&*"tionte*e&"t)&e %$"ne'

%$"ne in *"'' !)&in t$e &e"%tion

%o+o)& %$"ne'&e'')&e %$"ne'

A(e&"e &"te of &e"%tion7

T$e "(e&"e ("+)e of t$e &"te of &e"%tion #it$in "

'e%ifie! e&io! of ti*e,

Note'7Re"%tion #it$ $i$&"te of &e"%tion.

%o*+ete! in '$o&t ti*e,

Re"%tion #it$ +o#&"te of &e"%tion.%o*+ete! in +one& ti*e,

R"te of &e"%tion "t i(enIn't"nt"neo)' ti*e7

T$e "%t)"+ &"te of &e"%tion "t t$"t in't"nt,

C$"ne'in 'e+e%te! /)"ntit Rate of reaction 8

Ti*e t"en

A(e&"e &"te

of &e"%tion

"+"'

8Changes in selected quantity

Time taken


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:",," 7 In't"nt"neo)' &"te of &e"%tion;

B: Factors Affecting The Rate of Reaction

$ t$e'e t#o &"$ !iffe&ent

"; Tot"+ ')&f"%e "&e" of 'o+i! &e"%t"nt

; Con%ent&"tion of &e"%t"nt

%; Te*e&"t)&e of &e"%t"nt

!;


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Co++i'ion T$eo&

De"& o' "n! i&+' to ette& )n!e&'t"n! of

%o++i'ion t$eo& o) *)'t no# fe# t$in

&e+"te! to t$e t$eo& #$i%$ i'

> Collision

> Effective collision

> Activation energy

> Collision frequency> Effective collision frequency

> Energy rofile diagram

? An! "+'o t$e %$e*i%"+ e/)"tion


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!hat is the Collision Theory"

D)&in " &e"%tion. t$e "&ti%+e' of t$e &e"%t"nt'*)'t

%o++i!e#it$ e"%$ ot$e&. fo& on! &e"in"n! t$en on! fo&*"tion

to o%%)& to &o!)%e &o!)%t,

@on! &e"in : a#sor# heat energy

@on! fo&*"tion : release heat energy

T$o'e %o++i'ion' #$i%$ "%$ie(e! " *ini*)*"%ti("tion ene&

"n! #it$ t$e %o&&e%t o&ient"tion#i++ &e')+t in " &e"%tion,T$e'e %o++i'ion' "&e %"++e! effe%ti(e %o++i'ion',

If t$e "&ti%+e' %o++i!e #it$ +e''ene& t$"n

"%ti("tion ene& o& #it$ #&ono&ient"tion. it #i++

not&e')+t in &e"%tion. i' %"++e! ineffe%ti(e%o++i'ion',

So #$"t i' i, effe%ti(e %o++i'ion'

ii, "%ti("tion ene&

Effe%ti(e %o++i'ion'


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Those collisions $hich achieved a *ini*)* "%ti("tionene&

and $ith the %o&&e%t o&ient"tion, $ill result in areaction%

A%ti("tion Ene&

A%ti("tion ene&is the energy #arrier that must #eovercome #y the %o++i!in "&ti%+e'of the reactants in

order for reaction to occur

Ene& P&ofi+e Di"&"*'i, Eot$e&*i% Re"%tion'


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Re*e*e& t$e &o%e'' "n! !i"&"*'. #e #i++ 't)! *o&e #$en #e &e"%$ toi% 4,

ii, En!ot$e&*i% Re"%tion'

Energy

Reactants

&roducts

Activation Energy

Eot$e&*i% Re"%tion

Reaction ath

He"t %$"ne'


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B

A%ti("tion ene& i' t$e !iffe&en%ein ene& et#een t$e ene& in &e"%t"nt'"n! t$e ene& "t t$e e"

of %)&(e

Eot$e&*i% Re"%tion

Re"%t"nt' P&o!)%t

Tot"+ He"t Ene& Hi$e& o#e&

He"t Ene& !)&in &e"%tion Ene& "'o&'!)&in on!

&e"ini' +o#e&

Ene& &e+e"'e'!)&in on!

fo&*"tioni' $i$e&

T$)'

He"t %$"ne' 8 He"t Ene& in &o!)%t

He"t Ene& in &e"%t"nt

8 - (e

Energy

Reactants

&roducts

Activation Energy

En!ot$e&*i% Re"%tion

Reaction ath


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En!ot$e&*i% Re"%tion

Re"%t"nt' P&o!)%t

Tot"+ He"t Ene& o#e& Hi$e&

He"t Ene& !)&in &e"%tion Ene& "'o&'!)&in on!&e"ini' $i$e&

Ene& &e+e"'e'!)&in on!fo&*"tioni' +o#e&

T$)'He"t %$"ne' 8 He"t Ene& in &o!)%t

He"t Ene& in &e"%t"nt

8 (e

T$e %on%+)'ion i'T$e &e"%tion o%%)& #$en &e"%t"nt' %o++i!e

", "%$ie(e! "%ti("tion ene&

, #it$ %o&&e%t o&ient"tion

1 Effe%t of ')&f"%e "&e"'ie

SMAER'ie 'o+i! &e"%t"nt.

> @ie& tot"+ ')&f"%e "&e" e& (o+)*e

> Hi$e& f&e/)en% of effe%ti(e %o++i'ion> Hi$e& &"te of &e"%tion

@I==ER'ie 'o+i! &e"%t"nt.

> S*"++e& tot"+ ')&f"%e "&e" e& (o+)*e> o#e& f&e/)en% of effe%ti(e %o++i'ion

> o#e& &"te of &e"%tion


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Set%$ &"$ (o+)*e of "' ""in't ti*e

@"'e f&o* t$e &"$. +e"'e e+"in

- =&"$ I i' *o&e 'teee& t$"n &"$ II

- T$)'. t$e &"!ient of &"$ I i' *o&e t$"n &"$ II

- T$)'. t$e &"te of &e"%tion fo& t$e ee&i*ent I i' $i$e& t$"n ee&i*en II

G)e'tion7 $ t$e tot"+ (o+)*e of "' i'

I 7 S*"++ *"&+e

II 7 "&e *"&+e

o+)*e of

"' %*3

Ti*e *in

I II

t1

t2


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'"*e

Ans$er: the num#er of *o+eof reactant

is same

Effe%t of Sie

$en t$e 'ie of fie! *"'' of 'o+i! &e"%t"nt

:n"*e t$e &e"%t"nt. C"CO3;i''*"++e&.

> T$e tot"+ ')&f"%e "&e" e& (o+)*e eo'e!to %o++i'ion #it$ ot$e&

&e"%t"nt :n"*e t$e &e"%t"nt; "&ti%+e'i'ie&,

> T$)'. t$e n)*e& of %o++i'ion "*on t$e

&e"%tin "&ti%+e' "t t$e ')&f"%e oft$e

'o+i! &e"%t"nt'in%&e"'e', F&e/)en% of %o++i''ion i' $i$e&,

> T$)'. t$e n)*e& of %o++i'ion "%$ie(e!

t$e "%ti("tion ene& to e%o*e effe%ti(e

%o++i'ion i' "+'oin%&e"'e',

> T$i' +e"! to "nin%&e"'ein t$e FREG Hen%e. "$i$e&&"te of &e"%tion,

Effe%t of Con%ent&"tion

$en t$e %on%ent&"tion of t$e 'o+)tion of "

&e"%t"nt in%&e"'e'

> T$e n)*e& of "&ti%+e' e& )nit (o+)*e of t$e 'o+)tion of t$e &e"%t"nt "+'o in%&e"'e',


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&e"%tin "&ti%+e' in%&e"'e', F&e/)en% of %o++i''ion i' $i$e&,


t$e "%ti("tion ene& to e%o*e effe%ti(e%o++i'ion i' "+'oin%&e"'e',

> T$i' +e"! to "nin%&e"'ein t$e f&e/)en% of

effe%ti(e %o++i'ion,

> Hen%e. "$i$e&&"te of &e"%tion,

Effe%t of Te*e&"t)&e

$en t$e te*e&"t)&e of " &e"%t"nt in%&e"'e'> T$e ineti% ene& of &e"%tin "&ti%+e' #i++ in%&e"'e. 'o t$e "&ti%+e' *o(e' f"'te&,> T$)'. t$e n)*e& of %o++i'ion "*on t$e

&e"%tin "&ti%+e' in%&e"'e', F&e/)en% of %o++i''ion i' $i$e&,








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Effe%t of C"t"+'t

C"t"+'t7 " ')'t"n%e #$i%$ "+te&' t$e &"te of%$e*i%"+ &e"%tion #$i+e it &e*"in'

%$e*i%"++)n%$"ne!"t t$e en! of

t$e &e"%tion,

P&oe&tie' of %"t"+'tB

$en t$e %"t"+'t i' &e'en%e

> T$e %"t"+'t "++o#' t$e &e"%ti"n to t"e

+"%e t$&o)$ "n "+te&n"ti(e "t$#$i%$ &e/)i&e' "

+o#e& "%ti("tion ene&,

Ene&

Re"%t"nt

E"

P&o!)%t

E"7 A%ti("tion ene&

#it$o)t %"t"+'tE

%7 A%ti("tion Ene&

#it$ %"t"+'t

E%

Re"%tion #it$

%"t"+'t

Re"%tion #it$o)t%"t"+'t

Re"%tion "t$


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> T$)'. *o&e%o++i'ion "*on t$e &e"%tin

"&ti%+e' "&e "+e to "%$i(e t$e +o#e&

"%ti("tion ene&,

> T$)'. t$e n)*e& of %o++i'ion "%$ie(e!t$e "%ti("tion ene& to e%o*e effe%ti(e





Effe%t of P&e'')&e

$en t$e &e'')&e of t$e "' of " &e"%t"nt

in%&e"'e'

> T$e n)*e& of "&ti%+e' e& )nit (o+)*e of t$e "' of t$e &e"%t"nt "+'o in%&e"'e',


&e"%tin "&ti%+e' in%&e"'e', T$e f&e/)en% of %o++i'ion i' in%&e"'e,




> T$i' +e"! to "nin%&e"'ein t$e f&e/)en% ofeffe%ti(e %o++i'ion,



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Set%$ &"$7

:i; Con%ent&"tion of 'o+)tion ""in't ti*e

:ii; Con%ent&"tion of 'o+)tion ""in't 1ti*e

Con%ent&"tion of 'o!i)* t$io')+f"te

:N"2S

2O

3; *o+ !*-3

Ti*e '


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So. #$"t %"n o) %on%+)!e f&o* t$e &"$

:iii; Te*e&"t)&e ""in't ti*e

ti*e1 '-1

Con%ent&"tion of 'o!i)* t$io')+f"te

:N"2S

2O

3; *o+ !*-3


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:i(; Te*e&"t)&e ""in't 1ti*e

Te*e&"t)&e oC

ti*e '

S)$) oC

1ti*e '-1


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Temerature is directly roortional

to the rate of reaction


So. #$"t %"n o) %on%+)!e f&o* t$e &"$

Concentration is directly roortionalto the rate of reaction

Ho# to "n"+'e t$e &"$

Fi&'t Sit)"tion7

A++ of t$e'e ee&i*ent' "&e )'in t$e '"*e 'ie

"n! *"'' of %"t"+'t, T$e te*e&"t)&e of t$e

&e"%t"nt' &e*"in' t$e '"*e,$ "&e t$e&e !iffe&en%e' in t$e &"te of &e"%tion

'$o#n


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I "n! II

I "n! III I "n! I %o*"&i'onJ

P+e"'e &e*e*e& t$"t t$e tot"+ (o+)*eof t$e "'!een!' on t$e n)*e& of *o+e'of t$e &e"%t"nt,

N)*e& of *o+e'8 Mo+"&it K o+)*e

:'o+)tion; 1000

C"n o) "n"+'e t$e &"$ "'e! f&o* t$e

(o+)*e "n! t$e %on%et&"tion of t$e &e"%t"nt

o+)*e of "' %*3

Ti*e *in

I II

t1 t2

'''

'(

2


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Se%on! Sit)"tion7

A++ of t$e'e ee&i*ent' "&e )'in t$e '"*e te

of %"t"+'t, T$e (o+)*e. %on%ent&"tion "n!te*e&"t)&e of t$e &e"%t"nt' &e*"in' t$e '"*e,

$ "&e t$e&e !iffe&en%e' in t$e e"&+ &"teof &e"%tion

'$o#n

B

T$e 'ie of %"t"+'t in e I i' '*"++e& %o*"&e to e II "n! III,

O&

T$e *"'' of %"t"+'t in E I i' *o&e t$"n e II "n! III,

I II IIIo+)*e of t$e

"' %*

3

t1

t2

Ti*e *in


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O&T$e 'ie of &e"%t"nt in e I i' '*"++e& t$"n e II "n! III

Ee&%i'e7

An ee&i*ent i' %"&&ie! o)t et#een 10 of *"ne'i)* #it$ 20 %*3$!&o%$+o&i% "%i!

0,5 *o+ !*-3, T$e &e"%tion i' %o*+ete! in L

*in)te',

Re+"tif "to*i% *"''7 H. 1 C+. 35 M. 24

Mo+"& (o+)*e of "' i' 24 !*3

"t &oo*%on!itionJ

"; &ite " "+"n%e! %$e*i%"+ e/)"tion

fo& t$i' &e"%tion,

; C"+%)+"te t$e *"i*)* (o+)*e of t$e"' +ie&"te! "t &oo* %on!ition,

%; C"+%)+"te t$e "(e&"e &"te of &e"%tion

#it$in L *in)te',

!; C"+%)+"te t$e *"'' of t$e *"ne'i)*

)'e! in t$e &e"%tion,e; Set%$ t$e &"$ of (o+)*e ""in't

ti*e fo& t$e'e ee&i*ent

T$e fo&*)+"7IF REACTANT IS SOID


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N)*e& of *o+e 8 , *"'' ,

A&o& M&

IF REACTANT IS SO


23/27


, N)*e& of *o+e' of M

8 *"'' M

A&8 10

24

8 0,42 *o+ :ECESS-

@ERE@IHAN

N)*e& of *o+e' of $!&o%$+o&i% "%i!

8 Con%ent&"tion K o+)*e

1000

8 M

1000

8 0,5 20

1000

8 0,01 *o+

M 2HC+ MC+2 H2

0,42 :0,01;


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F@CE

2 *o+ HC+ &o!)%e 1*o+ H20,01*o+ HC+ &o!)%e 0,01*o+ H2

T$)'T$e no, of *o+e of H28 0,005 *o+

:1 *o+ of "' 8 24 !*3in &oo* %on!ition;

o+)*e of H2 8 0,005 24 !*3H28 0,12 !*3

8 120 %*3

%, A(e&"e &e"%tion in L *in)te

8 120 L %*3*in-18 15 %*3*in-1

!,

F@CE

2 *o+ HC+ &e"%t' #it$ 1*o+ M

0,01*o+ HC+ &e"%t' #it$ 0,01*o+ M

T$)'

T$e no, of *o+e of M 8 0,005 *o+


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:1 *o+ of M 8 24 ;

M"'' of M 8 0,005 24

8 0,12

2, An ee&i*ent i' %"&&ie! o)t et#een 2

of *"ne'i)* %"&on"te #it$ 20 %*3

$!&o%$+o&i% "%i! 0,2 *o+ !*-3,

:RAM7 H. 1 C. 12 O. 16 M. 24

Mo+"& (o+)*e of "' i' 22,4 !*3"t ',t,;"; &ite " "+"n%e! %$e*i%"+ e/)"tion

fo& t$i' &e"%tion,

; C"+%)+"te t$e *"i*)* (o+)*e of t$e

"' +ie&"te! "t ',t,,

%; D&"# " +"e+e! ""&"t)' fo&ee&i*et,

!; Ho# to te't "n! %onfi&* t$e "'

+ie&"te!

So+)tion


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"; MCO3 2HC+ MC+2 CO2 H2O

; No, *o+ of HC+ 8 M1000

8 0,2 20 10008 0,004 *o+

F@CE

HC+ CO2

2 *o+ 1*o+

0,004 *o+ 0,002 *o+

No, of *o+ CO28 0,002 *o+

o+)*e of CO28 0,002 22,4 !*3

8 0,044L !*3

8 0,044L 1000 %*3

8 44,L %*3


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!; A!! 20 %*3+i*e #"te& into " te't t)e. "n!

"''e! t$&o)$ t$e "' into t$e te't t)e,

T$e +i*e #"te& t)&n' %+o)!%$"+,

Documents

Definition n Factors 2