Demographic Trends in Creek County Population growth in Creek County has been steady. Greater cultural diversity particularly among the population

Prepared by the Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa

Presented to Tulsa Area United WayCommunity Investments Volunteers

Community Profile 2006Creek County

Prepared for The Tulsa Area United WayCommunity Investments Process

By The Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa


Quiz

1. Which area is growing the most rapidly (percent increase)? a. TAUW service area b. Creek Co. c. Sapulpa

2. During the past 30 years, what has happened to the income gap between rich and poor?

a. increased b. decreased c. stable

3. What percentage of all poor families in Creek County have an employed householder and/or spouse?

a. 20% b. 40% c. 61%

4. What percentage of Creek County residents age 25 & older have only a high school education or less?

a. 27% b. 44% c. 62%

5. How does Oklahoma compare to the nation in age-adjusted deaths rates?

a. better b. worse c. same


Community Profile 2006

Demographic TrendsHuman DevelopmentPanel TopicsBest Practices

��


Demographic Trends

Population growthAgeRace and Hispanic originLiving arrangementsMedian family incomeResidential mobility

>>>>>>

Demographic Trends in Creek County

• Population growth in Creek County has been steady.

• Greater cultural diversity particularly among the population under 25 years of age

• Living arrangements are changing significantly with more children in single headed households and other relative households

• Larger number of people over 65 years of age are living alone… especially women

• Median family income varies by race

• Large population of mobile renters

Osage

Creek

Tulsa

Rogers

Okmulgee

Wagoner

N

EW

S

TAUW Service Area


Population of TAUW Service Area and Creek County1970, 1980, 1990, 2000 and 2004 (est.)

Source: U. S. Bureau of the Census.

1970 1980 1990 2000 2004(est.)

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

800,000

900,000

1,000,000Creek County

TAUW

Creek County 45,532 59,016 60,915 67,367 68,666

TAUW 561,210 696,342 745,444 842,920 864,981

TAUW service area’s population grew 3% between 2000 and 2004, while that of Creek County increased 2%.


Population of Selected Cities in Creek County1970, 1980, 1990, 2000 and 2004 (est.)


Sapulpa

Bristow

Drumright

Mannford

0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000

1970

1980

1990

2000

2004 (est.)

Sapulpa Bristow Drumright Mannford

1970 15,159 4,653 2,740 892

1980 15,853 4,702 3,162 1,610

1990 18,074 4,062 2,799 1,826

2000 19,379 4,325 2,905 2,102

2004 (est.) 19,800 4,320 2,890 2,230

Mannford’s population grew 6% between 2000 and 2004, while that of Sapulpa increased 2%. Both Bristow and Drumright lost population.


Population of Selected Counties in the Tulsa Metro Area1970, 1980, 1990, 2000 and 2004 (est.)


Creek Co. Okmulgee Co. Osage Co. Rogers Co. Wagoner Co.0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000 1970 1980 1990 2000 2004 (est.)

1970 45,532 35,358 29,750 28,425 22,163

1980 59,016 39,169 39,327 46,436 41,801

1990 60,915 36,490 41,645 55,170 47,883

2000 67,367 39,685 44,437 70,641 57,491

2004 (est.) 68,666 39,890 45,181 79,042 63,054


Population by Race and Hispanic OriginCreek County, 2000


White(55,425) 82.3%

Asian*(179) 0.3%

American Indian*(6,120) 9.1%

Black(1,724) 2.6%

Some other race(440) 0.7%

Two or more races(3,479) 5.2%

Notes: Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race, and therefore are not included separately in pie chart. Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders are Included in "Asian" race category Alaska Natives are included in "American Indian" race category.

Hispanic Origin*(N=1,283) 1.9%


Births by Race of MotherCreek County, 2004

Source: Oklahoma State Department of Health

White778 (85.7%)

Black26 (2.9%)

American Indian98 (10.8%)

Asian/Pacific Islander6 (0.7%)

Total births=908Hispanic origin:

16 (1.8%)


Age DistributionCreek County, 2000


0-4(4,587) 6.8%

5-17(13,845) 20.6%

18-24(5,356) 8.0%

25-64(34,929) 51.8%

65-84(7,685) 11.4%

85+(965) 1.4%


Living Arrangements of Children Under 18Creek County, 2000


68%

5.5%

15.1%

9.1%

Married Couple Male-headed Female-headed Other relatives0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%


Children in Non-Traditional SettingsCreek County, 2000

Source: U. S. Bureau of the Census; Department of Human Services.

Living withgrandparents

Living withother relatives

Foster care(Sept. 2005)

Institutions0

500

1,000

1,500

Number of children

Children 1,423 254 185 32

Percentage ofchildren <18

7.7% 1.4% 1% 0.2%


Occupied Housing Units by TenureCreek County, 2000

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census.

Owner-occupied78 (78.0%)

Renter-occupied22 (22.0%)


Housing Units by Householder's Length of Residence and by Tenure

Creek County, 2000

Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census.

10.1%

25.7%

64.2%

35.9%

37.1%

27.0%

15 months or less 16 months to 4 years 5 years or more

Owner-occupied Renter-occupied

Median household income for owner-occupied housing units in Creek County = $37,075

Median household income for renter-occupied housing units in Creek County = $22,132


Median Family Income, by Race

Creek County, 1999

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000.

$38,470 $39,373

$29,524$33,125

$66,250

$25,938

Total White Black American Indian Asian Hispanic$0

$10,000

$20,000

$30,000

$40,000

$50,000

$60,000

$70,000

$80,000

Annual Income


Human Development


Tulsa Area Human Development Industry What is it?

Independent and collective action of efforts to address the education, health, housing, family support, emergency financial, and transportation needs of families and individuals in the Tulsa area.

Increasingly these efforts seek to prevent needs through promoting increased self-sufficiency among people in the Tulsa area while still intervening to respond to crises and other concerns.

�

�


The Roots of the Challenge Thirty Years of Economic and Social Changes

Emergence of new persistent poor in late 1960's and early 1970's

Massive loss of low skill/high pay jobs

Sharp rise in working poor

Decline in young male workers' wages

Increase in female headed families

Impact of substance abuse

>

>

>

>

>

>

All trends disproportionately affected:~ African-Americans~ young children and young families

Human Development: Key Points

• Middle class is disappearing

• Many households lack adequate income

• Stress of inadequate income and related conditions is widespread

• Starting life in Creek County for many is risky business

Human Development: Key Points…continued

• Populations of aging and persons with disabilities are large and growing

• Health challenges are critical to individual and community well-being

• Poor human conditions impact crime and growing incarcerations

• Overall progress in human development is tied to educational success

The Middle Class is Disappearing

~Lower income groups greatly expand, middle shrinks,

highest income group increases dramatically


Source: Hodgkinson, Harold, "The Client," Education Demographer, 1988.

1900 - 1940 1940 - 1990 1990 - ?0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Poor - 75%

Poor - 20%Poor - 10%

Rich - 20%

Middle - 60%

Rich - 5% Rich - 10%

Middle - 20%

Middle - 80%

The trend: housing patterns and income mirror the job structure, with more rich, more poor, and fewer in the middle -- the "hourglass effect"

The Overall Dominant Trend...The Shrinking Middle Class


Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census.

Distribution of Wealth: Household IncomeU.S., Oklahoma, TAUW Service Area and Creek County, 1999

47.4%58.4% 52.7%

59.8%

40.3%

35%38.6%

35.4%

12.3% 6.6% 8.7% 4.8%

U.S. Oklahoma TAUW Creek Co.0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

<$40,000/year

$40,000-$99,999/year

$100,000+/year

1% of U.S. households have

39.3% of the assets, making the U.S. the #1 country in the

world in inequality of income.


Income disparity between rich and poor grows wider beyond 1993

Mean Family Income by Quintile and Top 5% (2003 dollars)United States, 1966-2003

Source: Economic Policy Institute website.

1966

1968

1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

$0

$50,000

$100,000

$150,000

$200,000

$250,000

$300,000

Real hourly wage (2003 dollars)

Lowest Second Middle Fourth Highest Top 5%

Many Households Lack Adequate Income

~More and more households lack adequate income to meet living needs


The Self-Sufficiency Standard...

...The level of income requiredfor a family to meet its needs on its own.

Source: Wider Opportunities for Women, with Community Action Project of Tulsa County, 2002, "The Self-Sufficiency Standard for Oklahoma."

Customized by specific family compositionCustomized by geographic locationBased on all expense categoriesUpdated annually using consumer price index

>>>>


Self-Sufficiency

Wage(annual)

Poverty Guidelines

(annual)

Dollar Difference

Self-SufficiencyPercent of

Poverty

One person

$17,893 $9,570 $8,323 187.0%

Two persons

$29,289 $12,830 $16,459 228.3%

Three persons

$33,986 $16,090 $17,896 211.2%

Four persons

$42,558 $19,350 $23,208 219.9%

Comparison of Self-Sufficiency Wage to Poverty Guidelines, by Size of Family

Creek County, 2005

Source: Wider Opportunities for Women, with Community Action Project of Tulsa County, "The Self-Sufficiency Standard for Oklahoma;" Federal Register, February 18, 2005; Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index, November 2005.

($8.60 per hour)

($14.08 per hour)

($16.34 per hour)

($20.46 per hour)

Notes: For the self-sufficiency wages shown in table, family of two consists of one adult and one preschooler; family of three consists of one adult, one preschooler and one schoolage child; family of four consists of two adults, one preschooler and one schoolage child. Per hour wages given assume pay for 40 hours per week for 52 weeks.

($4.60 per hour)

($6.17 per hour)

($7.74 per hour)

($9.30 per hour)


Source: Wider Opportunities for Women, with Community Action Project of Tulsa Tulsa County, "The Self-Sufficiency Standard for Oklahoma;" Federal Register, February 18, 2005; Oklahoma State Dept. of Human Services, Bureau of Labor Statistics; U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census; U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2004.

$8,292$10,712

$16,090

$29,767

$38,470

WelfareWage

MinimumWage

PovertyWage

185% PovertyWage

Median FamilyIncome(1999)

$0

$10,000

$20,000

$30,000

$40,000

$50,000Annual Wage

Self-Sufficiency Wage = $33,986 ($16.34/hr.)

Note: For the self-sufficiency wage, family of three consists of one adult, one preschooler and one schoolage child.The hourly wages given assume employment at 40 hours per week and 52 weeks per year.

Married-couple w/ kids: $44,090

Male-headed w/ kids: $26,922

Female-headed w/ kids: $18,408

All families

($3.99/hr.)($5.15/hr.)

($7.74/hr.)

($14.31/hr.)

($22.83/hr.)

Self-sufficiency income requires amount far beyond minimum wageComparison of Wages: Self-Sufficiency, Welfare, Minimum, Poverty, 185% of

Poverty, and Median Family IncomeExample: Family of Three, One Wage Earner, Creek County, 2005


Budget Distribution for Typical Family of Three Earning Self-Sufficiency Wage

Creek County, 2005

Source: Wider Opportunities for Women, "The Self-Sufficiency Standard for Oklahoma."

Housing$708

Child Care$595

Food$453

Transportation$255

Health Care$283

Miscellaneous$227

Taxes$340

25%

21%

16%

9%

10%

8%

12%

Notes: Family of three in this example consists of one adult, one preschooler and one schoolage child. Self-sufficiency wage for a family of three of this composition is $33,986, or $2,832 per month.


Ratio of Income to Poverty LevelPercentage of Total Population and Selected Age Groups

Creek County, 1999


Total population

Under 18 Under 5 5-17 18-64 65+0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Percentage of population

100% 130% 185%

100% 13.5% 17.7% 20.5% 16.7% 11.4% 14.1%

130% 20% 25% 29.5% 23.5% 16.5% 26%

185% 33.8% 42% 49.1% 39.8% 28% 44.8%


Poverty Rates for Families by Family Type and Age of Children

Creek County, 1999


8.7%12.1%

16.8%

5.2% 5.8%

19.3%21.3% 20.5%

18.8%

10.3%

35%37.7%

62.3%

28.8%

13.8%

w/ children <18w/ children <5 only

w/ children <5 & 5-17w/ children 5-17 only

no children0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%Poverty rate

Married-couple

Male-headed

Female-headed


Labor Force Participation among Adults, Age 20-64Creek County, 1999

Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census; Oklahoma Employment Security Commission.

28,02573.1%

10,31426.9%

In armed forces

Employed

Unemployed

33 (0.1%)

26,815 (95.7%)

1,177 (4.2%)

NOT in labor force

In labor force

Unemployment rate (all ages) for October 2005 = 4.9%.


Unemployment RatesTulsa MSA, 1991 - 2005

Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Oct.2005

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

Rate 5.9 5.3 6.3 5.8 4.2 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.2 2.8 3.4 4.9 6.5 5.0 4.0


Many families in poverty have employed worker(s)Families in Poverty by Family Type and Employment Status

Creek County, 1999


21.625.7

18.8 16.6

39.4 36.1

22.9

47.5

39 38.2 58.2 35.9

All familiesin poverty

Married-couplefamilies in poverty

Male-headedfamilies in poverty

Female-headedfamilies in poverty

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Percent of impoverished families

Employment Status of Householder or SpouseFull-time Part-time Did not work


Education increasingly impacts wagesReal Hourly Wage by Educational Attainment

United States, 1973-2003


1973

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

$0

$5

$10

$15

$20

$25

$30

$35


Less than high school High school College degree Advanced degree


Real Hourly Wage by Educational Attainment for MenUnited States, 1973-2003


1973

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

$0

$5

$10

$15

$20

$25

$30

$35




Real Hourly Wage by Educational Attainment for WomenUnited States, 1973-2003


1973

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

$0

$5

$10

$15

$20

$25

$30

$35




Additional Indicators of Economic Distress

Public assistance programsFree & reduced school lunch programHomeless sheltersHelpline and Babyline referrals

>>>>


Participation in Public Assistance ProgramsNumber of Participants and Percentage of Population Participating

Creek County, September 2005

Source: Oklahoma Dept. of Human Services, Statistical Bulletin, Sept. 2005; Oklahoma State Dept. of Education, Low Income Report for 2004-2005; Pop. Estimates Division - U.S. Census Bureau; Oklahoma State Department of Health.

10,794

2,167

6,761

941

451

747

332

8,067

114

3,842

1,045

15.7%

50.7%

40.2%

9.9%

52.7%

17.3%

7.8%

11.7%

0.7%

49.6%

13.5%

Medicaid Total

Medicaid <5

Medicaid <18

Medicaid 65+

WIC Infants (Oct. 05)

WIC age 1-5 (Oct. 05)

Child Care Subsidy <5

Food Stamps Total

TANF <18

Elem. School Free Lunch(2004-05)

Elem. School Reduced Lunch(2004-05)

05,00010,00015,000

Number of Participants

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

Percent of Population


Elementary School Students Eligible for Free and Reduced Lunch Program

By School District, Creek County, 2004-2005 School Year

Source: Oklahoma State Dept. of Education, Low Income Report for 2004-2005.

50%

74%

67%

64%

61%

57%

47%

46%

48%

44%

43%

45%

34%

13%

8%

15%

9%

9%

9%

16%

15%

12%

16%

15%

12%

13%

Creek County Total

Oilton

Bristow

Drumright

Depew

Kiefer

Olive

Allen-Bowden

Mounds

Mannford

Kellyville

Sapulpa

Lone Star

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Percent of Students Eligible

Free Reduced

Free lunch eligibility requirement: annual household income below 130% of poverty, which currently is $20,917 for a family of three.

Reduced lunch eligibility requirement: annual household income below 185% of poverty, which currently is $29,767 for a family of three.


Selected Helpline Service Requests, by Type of Service

2001 through 2005

Source: Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa.

2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

Number of Service Requests

Food

Health & Medical Services

Financial Assistance

Food 1,945 1,913 2,152 2,019 3,339

Health & Medical Services 2,688 2,852 3,404 4,074 7,720

Financial Assistance 12,376 12,173 13,269 12,035 17,847

Total incoming calls to Helpline rose to 49,952 in 2005, up

from 28,741 in 2004 (74% increase); while

assessments of caller needs and referrals rose to

101,180 in 2005, up from 50,784 in 2004

(99% increase).


Babyline and Planline Appointments ScheduledTulsa MSA and Surrounding Counties, 1990 through 2005

Source: Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa.

1,9972,107 2,212

3,004

2,6052,369 2,342

2,662 2,767

3,525

3,998

4,4234,604

4,795 4,692

4,355

0 0 0 0 0

631

1,409

858 872

1,1931,432 1,345

1,789

1,333

909

1,500

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

Number of Appointments Scheduled

Family Planning Appointments Prenatal Appointments

Starting Life in Tulsa for Many is Risky Business

~Combination of many risk factors takes heavy toll and early screening

for risk level is inadequate


Summary of Risk Factors for InfantsCreek County and Oklahoma, 2004

Source: Oklahoma State Department of Health.

15.5%

37.3%

5.5%

21.3%

6.5%

2.1%

24.1%

11.6%

13%

13.4%

38.5%

4.7%

22.8%

6.7%

1.3%

25.7%

12.7%

10.4%

Teen mother(age 15-19)

Unmarried mother

Poor prenatal care(3rd trimester/no care)

Mother w/ <12th gradeeducation

Low birthweight(1500-2499 grams)

Very low birthweight(<1500 grams)

Short birth spacing(<24 mos. apart)

Very short birth spacing(<18 mos. apart)

Premature(<37 weeks gest.)

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

Percent of Births

Creek Co.

Oklahoma

Creek County births: 908Oklahoma births: 51,157

Adequate Early Screening Essential for All Children to Assess Impact of Risk Factors

• Some evidence indicates only small portion of children receive needed screening

• Sufficient data do not exist to clearly indicate extent and nature of problem

What is early intervention?

• Early intervention applies to children of school age or younger who are discovered to have or be at risk of developing a handicapping condition or other special need that may effect their development.

• Early intervention consists of the provision of services such children and their families need for the purpose of lessening the effects of the condition. Early intervention can be remedial or preventive in nature – premeditating existing developmental problems or preventing their occurrence.


Special Education Students and Students who Received Early Intervention

Oklahoma Public Schools, 2003-04

Source: Oklahoma State Department of Education.

Notspecial

education85%

Specialeducation

15%

Earlyintervention

2.2%

No earlyintervention

97.8%

Small proportion of special education students received early intervention

Total Oklahoma Public School Students

Total Oklahoma Public School Students

Populations of Aging and Populations of Aging and Persons with Disabilities Persons with Disabilities are Large and Growingare Large and Growing

~~These populations will significantly These populations will significantly test the capacity of resources needed test the capacity of resources needed

to enable them to be most self-to enable them to be most self-sufficientsufficient


Living Arrangements of Persons Age 65 & OlderCreek County, 2000

Source: U. S. Census Bureau, Census 2000.

Live alone2,375 (27.5%)

Family households5,580 (64.5%)

Group quarters558 (6.5%)

Other137 (1.6%)

74% of the 65+ population in Creek County living

alone are female.


Disabilities affect all agesDisability Prevalence by Age and Level of Disability

Oklahoma, 1997

Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2001, Americans with Disabilities: 1997 (Aug.-Nov. 1997 data from Survey of Income and Program Participation).

2%

3.4%

11.2%

10.7%

13.4%

22.6%

35.7%

49%

73.6%

4.8%

5.3%

8.1%

13.9%

24.2%

31.8%

57.6%

0 to 2

3 to 5

6 to 14

15-24

25-44

45-54

55-64

65-79

80+

Age Group

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Percent with Specified Level of Disability

Level of disabilityAny Severe

Health Challenges are Critical to Individual and Community Well-being

~Inadequate income, high risks of starting life and poor lifestyle

choices contribute to major health concerns

800850900950

1,0001,0501,100

1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000

Rat

e

Tulsa Co OK US

Oklahoma and Tulsa County Oklahoma and Tulsa County faring poorly faring poorly compared to US in age-adjusted death ratescompared to US in age-adjusted death rates

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, 1980 to 2002Age-Adjusted Death Rates, 1980 to 2002

OBESITYTrend: America’s weight gain epidemic – 25% of

Americans are obese – more than doubled in 15 years.

• Benchmark: We must reverse this trend.

• Bad: Consequences –

– high healthcare costs.

– Increased heart disease, type II diabetes, osteoarthritis, hypertension, gallbladder disease, breast cancer, endometrial cancer and colon cancer.

• Bad: OK and Tulsa Co heart disease rates are higher than the rest of the nation – only one state ranks worse than OK.

Lapolla, Health Policy Analysis of the Tulsa Metropolitan Area, Center for Health Policy Research and Development, OUCPH, 2005; NCHS, CDC; THD;Tulsa County Health Profile; NIH; United Health Foundation; BRFSS, CDC; St. Francis Health System FY 2004 Community Needs Assessment.

OK

US

THD – Patel/Woodruff 9/05

Major Health Concern: Poor Lifestyle Choices -- Obesity

Trend: Percent of adult smokers (2003): 22.7(Tulsa Co), 25.1(OK), 22.0(US), state rank=36.

Benchmark: Smoking bans in public venues, smoking cessation programs, and increasing cigarette taxes = curtailed adult smoking and youth take-up rate.

Good: OK youth smoking percent is below the national average— 26.5(OK) and 27.5(US); adult smokers declining locally, statewide and nationally (2003).

Bad: Smoking is a major cause of premature death, cardiovascular and pulmonary system disease including heart attack, stroke and cancer.


NCHS, CDC; THD;Tulsa County Health Profile; NIH; BRFSS, CDC

22.7%

25.1%

22%

20030%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

Percent adult smokers

Tulsa Co. Oklahoma US

Major Health Concern: Poor Lifestyle Choices -- Smoking


NCHS, CDC; THD;Tulsa County Health Profile; NIH; BRFSS, CDC

Poor health conditions leave safety net severely challenged - Growing Uninsured PopulationSuburban Counties of Tulsa MSA, 2003

Medicare11%

Medicaid22%

Insured48%

Uninsured19%

Tulsa’s uninsured and Medicaid beneficiaries seek primary care in Tulsa hospital ERs. ER visits by Medicaid recipients actually exceeded uninsured visits by 25%.

Tulsa hospital ER patient survey found that 73% were not true emergencies: 30% treated for non-emergency conditions – another 43% could have been treated in non-emergency facilities within 48 hours.

Using hospital ERs for non-emergency care is a costly and inefficient.

Non-emergency ER use is a major contributor to overload and frequent divert status of Tulsa hospital ERs — especially in the last 2 years.


Lapolla, Health Policy Analysis of the Tulsa Metropolitan Area, Center for Health Policy Research and Development, OUCPH, 2005; THD CAP

Poor health conditions create huge inefficient demand on resources - Misuse of Hospitals

and Emergency Rooms

Poor Human Conditions Poor Human Conditions Impact Crime and Impact Crime and

Growing IncarcerationsGrowing Incarcerations

~Trends greatly affected by substance abuse

0

2,500

5,000

7,500

10,000

12,500

15,000

17,500

20,000

22,500

25,000

'50

'52

'54

'56

'58

'60

'62

'64

'66

'68

'70

'72

'74

'76

'78

'80

'82

'84

'86

'88

'90

'92

'94

'96

'98

'00

'02

'04

Oklahoma’s prison population was relatively stable until 1980 when laws passed to curb

illegal drug use came into effectOklahoma’s Prison Population

1950-2005

Source: Oklahoma State Department of Corrections, Prepared by the Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa for the Metropolitan Human Services Commission in Tulsa.

1980

Note: Number of inmates in Oklahoma prisons, data as of June 30 of each year


Methamphetamine Labs Seized by AuthoritiesOklahoma and City of Tulsa, 1994 - 2004

Source: Oklahoma State Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs Website, Tulsa Police Department Website.

10 34

125

241 275

781

946

1,1931,254 1,235

812

0 0 6 13 47132 150 124

178214

131

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 20040

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

Number of labs discovered

Tulsa

Oklahoma

Overall Progress in Human Overall Progress in Human Development is Tied to Development is Tied to

Educational SuccessEducational Success

~From preschool through post secondary education


Educational Attainment for Persons Age 25 & OlderCreek County, 2000

Source: U. S. Census Bureau, Census 2000.

22.4%

40%

20.7%

5.2%

7.8%

2.8%

0.9%

0.2%

Less than high school

High school graduate

Some college

Associate degree

Bachelor's degree

Master's degree

Professional school degree

Doctorate degree

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

Percent of persons 25+

Education Success: Preschool


Large pre-K enrollment in surrounding counties, as emphasis increasingly turns to assuring high quality

Enrollment in Public Pre-K Programs, by Full and Part Day

Creek, Osage, Rogers and Wagoner Counties, October 2004

Source: Oklahoma State Department of Education; U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000.

23.5

31.2

16.5

22.1

61

4.3

41.7

14.1

15.5

64.5

41.8

63.8

Creek Co.

Osage Co.

Rogers Co.

Wagoner Co.

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Percent of all four year olds

Full-day Part-day Not enrolled

916

Total four year olds:

558

1,081

842

Education Success: Post-Secondary-Higher

Education

Tulsa Community College serves as primary source of higher education enrollment

Percent Distribution of Tulsa Area Higher Education EnrollmentTulsa Area Public Colleges, Fall 2003

Source: Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education (Fall 2003)

63.9

13.1

9.4

8

3.2

2.4

TCC

RSU

OSU-Tulsa

NSU-BA

OU-Tulsa

LU-Tulsa

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Percent of Enrollment

Public College Remediation Rates Among HS Graduates

Tulsa County and Oklahoma, 1999-2003

37

32.435.1

38.1

33.636.5

34.136.5 36.2 35

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Academic Year

0

10

20

30

40

50

Per

cent

Req

uiri n

g R

emed

i ati o

n

Tulsa State

Source: Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education (Fall 2003)

Human Development: Key Points

• Middle class is disappearing

• Many households lack adequate income

• Stress of inadequate income and related conditions is widespread

• Starting life in Creek County for many is risky business

Human Development: Key Points…continued

• Populations of aging and persons with disabilities are large and growing

• Health challenges are critical to individual and community well-being

• Poor human conditions impact crime and growing incarcerations

• Overall progress in human development is tied to educational success


At-Risk Populations

Infants and Young Children at RiskAdolescents at RiskFamilies at RiskOur Health at Risk

>>>>


...Infants and Young Children at Risk

Infants and Young Children at Risk…

Infant Risk Factors


Summary of Risk Factors for InfantsCreek County and Oklahoma, 2004


15.5%

37.3%

5.5%

21.3%

6.5%

2.1%

24.1%

11.6%

13%

13.4%

38.5%

4.7%

22.8%

6.7%

1.3%

25.7%

12.7%

10.4%

Teen mother(age 15-19)

Unmarried mother








0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

Percent of Births

Creek Co.

Oklahoma

Creek County births: 908Oklahoma births: 51,157


Characteristics of Births to Teen Mothers (Age 15-19)Creek County and Oklahoma, 2004


70.7%

5.7%

51.5%

9.3%

3.6%

75%

50%

15.7%

18.6%

2.8%

77%

7.2%

57.4%

7.5%

1.6%

61.3%

39.4%

10.5%

21%

3.3%

Unmarried








1+ previous births

2+ previous births

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Percent of Teen Births

Creek Co.

Oklahoma

Creek County births to teens: 140Creek County teen birth rate: 56.3 (per 100,000 females age 15-19)

Oklahoma births to teens: 6,849Oklahoma teen birth rate: 55.5 (per 100,000 females age 15-19)


Infant Mortality RatesOklahoma, 1980-2004


1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births

Oklahoma 13.4 12.4 13.4 10.6 10 10.2 9.3 8.5 8.3 8.1 9.2 9.5 8.7 8.7 8.7 8.6 8.7 7.7 8.9 8.7 8.8 7.5 8.1 7.9 7.9

In 2004, there were 406 infant deaths in Oklahoma, for a rate of 7.9 per 1,000 live births

“Healthy People 2010” goal = 5 per 1,000


Young Children Risk Factors


Top Risk Factors for Young Children Age 0-4

Low-income and poverty

Teen mother, especially those with more than one child

Absent father

Short spacing between births (less than 24 months)

Parent, especially the mother, without a high school education

Lack of positive emotional, physical and intellectual experiences

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Early Brain Development


Importance of Brain Development for Children 0-3

Excerpt from: "The First Years Last Forever: I am Your Child"

80% of brain development occurs by age 3; 90% by age 4.

Early experiences help to determine brain structure, thus shaping the way people learn, think, and behave for the rest of their lives.

The outside world shapes the brain's wiring.

The outside world is experienced through the senses - seeing, hearing, smelling, touching, and tasting - enabling the brain to create or modify connections.

Relationships with consistent caregivers early in life are the major source of development of the emotional and social parts of the brain.

Principles of Brain Development


Impact of Poverty on Early Brain DevelopmentMultiple Pathways

Source: National Center for Children in Poverty.

Inadequate Nutrition

Substance Abuse

Lack of Mother-ChildConnection due to

Maternal Depression

Exposure toEnvironmental Toxins

Trauma/Abuse

Quality of Daily Care

Inadequate Prenatal Care

Lack of Basic Health Care

Early BrainDevelopment

Poverty


Children’s Living Arrangements


Child Abuse & Neglect


Child Abuse and NeglectOklahoma, FY 2004

Source: Oklahoma Department of Human Services.

59,329

36,232

12,347

Reports of abuseor neglect

Reports accepted for investigation or assessment

Children confirmedabused or neglected

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

Of these 12,347 children, 1,414 were abused, 8,953 were neglected, and 1,980 were abused and neglected.

(duplicated count)


Child Abuse and NeglectCreek County, FY 2004


891

509

172

Reports of abuseor neglect

Reports accepted for investigation or assessment

Children confirmedabused or neglected

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

Of these 172 children, 28 were abused, 122 were neglected, and 22 were abused and neglected.

(duplicated count)


Age of Children of Confirmed Abuse and NeglectOklahoma, 2004

Source: Oklahoma Dept. of Human Services, Children & Family Services Division.

Under 11,143 (9.3%)

1-22,011 (16.3%)

3-63,341 (27.1%)

7-112,942 (23.8%)

12 & older2,910 (23.6%)


Perpetrators of Confirmed Abuse and NeglectTop 6, Oklahoma, FY 2004


46.4%

27.9%

7.7% 6.6%3.8%

1.3%

Mother Father Stepparent No relation Grandparent Foster parent0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%


Child Deaths Due to AbuseOklahoma, Fiscal Years 1978 - 2004


75

12 13

1821

16 16

24

31

2325

18

38

2023

3134

29

4245

47 48

3835

27

51

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

0

10

20

30

40

50

60


Child Deaths Due to Abuse, by Age of ChildOklahoma, 2004


Under 123 (45.1%)

1-214 (27.5%)

3-611 (21.6%)

7-112 (3.9%)

12 & older1 (2.0%)


...Adolescents at Risk

Adolescents at Risk…

Disconnected youth


Disconnected Youth: Percent of Youth Age 16-19 Not in School and Not Working

By County, 2000

Source: Oklahoma KIDS COUNT Factbook 2004.

Tulsa Co. Creek Co. Okmulgee Co. Osage Co. Rogers Co. Wagoner Co.0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

Rate 9.7% 6.7% 12.1% 7.3% 8.1% 7.7%

Number 3,090 278 325 194 340 274

#65

#46

#24 #27#31 #28

Note: County ranking shown at top of bars (#1=best, #77=worst).


Labor Force Participation among Youths, Age 16-19Creek County, 2000

Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census.

2,12151.1%

2,03048.9% Employed

Unemployed

1,842 (86.8%)

279 (13.2%)

NOT in labor force

In labor force


Teen Mothers


Births by Age of MotherCreek County, 2004


384.2%

10411.5%

32936.2%

23626.0% 120

13.2%

727.9%

91.0%

<18 18-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40+

Total births=908


Resident Births to Teens Age 15-17 and 18-19Creek County, 1980, 1990, 2000 and 2004


1980 1990 2000 20040

50

100

150

200

Number of births

0

50

100

150

200Birth rate

Births 15-17 70 58 54 36

Births 18-19 142 98 113 104

Birth rate 15-17 43.2 39.4 32.8 23

Birth rate 18-19 161 127.1 131.2 112.7

Note: Teen birth rate is the number of births to females age 15-19 per 1,000 females age 15-19.


Youth Risk Behavior Survey


Source: Oklahoma State Department of Health, Oklahoma Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2003; Centers for Disease Control, Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System, 2003.

64%

27%

13%

34%

58%

22%

10%

28%

Ever triedcigarette smoking

Smoked cigarettesduring past month

Smoked cigarettes on 20+ days during past month

Used any tobacco productsduring past month

0%20%40%60%80%100% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Oklahoma U.S.

Results of 2003 Youth Risk Behavior Survey: Tobacco Use

High School Students, Oklahoma and U.S., 2003


Results of 2003 Youth Risk Behavior Survey: Alcohol & Other Drug Use



48%

22%

10%

9%

10%

22%

45%

22%

12%

9%

8%

29%

Alcohol

Marijuana

Inhalants

Cocaine

Methamphetamine

Offered/sold/givenillegal drugs at school

0%20%40%60%80%100% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Oklahoma U.S.

Used once or more during

prior 30 days...

Everused...



11%

18%

31%

8%

15%

7%

18%

12%

30%

6%

17%

9%

Never or rarely wearseatbelt w/ other driver

Drove after drinkingalcohol in past month

Rode with drinkingdriver in past month

Carried weapon toschool in past month

Seriously consideredsuicide in past year

Attempted suicidein past year

0%20%40%60%80%100% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Oklahoma U.S.

Results of 2003 Youth Risk Behavior Survey: Unintentional Injuries and ViolenceHigh School Students, Oklahoma and U.S., 2003



50%

37%

6%

16%

4%

25%

36%

82%

47%

34%

7%

14%

4%

25%

37%

83%

Ever had sexual intercourse

Had sex in past 3 months

Had sex before age 13

Have had 4+ sex partners

Have been or havegotten someone pregnant

Had alcohol or drugsbefore last sexual encounter

Did not usecondom last time

Did not usebirth control pills last time

0%20%40%60%80%100% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Oklahoma U.S.

Results of 2003 Youth Risk Behavior Survey: Sexual Behaviors




14%

11%

31%

44%

86%

87%

36%

75%

37%

15%

14%

30%

44%

78%

83%

37%

75%

56%

At risk of overweight(according to BMI)

Overweight(according to BMI)

Perceive selfas overweight

Trying to lose weight

Ate < 5 fruits& veggies daily

Drank < 3 glassesmilk daily

Insufficient vigorousphysical activity

Insufficient moderatephysical activity

Attended PE class1+ days/week

0%20%40%60%80%100% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Oklahoma U.S.

Results of 2003 Youth Risk Behavior Survey: Overweight, Dietary Behaviors and Physical Activity



Juvenile Crime


Juvenile Arrests, by Type of CrimeCreek County, 2001 through 2003

Source: Oklahoma State Bureau of Investigation.

66

2453

386

80

16

67

358

96

4658

339

Index crimes Drug related Alcohol related Other crimes0

100

200

300

400

500Number of arrests

2001 2002 2003

Includes murder, rape, robbery aggravated assault, burglary,

larceny, and motor vehicle theft.

Includes sale/manufacturing

and possession of drugs.

Includes driving under the influence, liquor law violations, and

drunkenness.

A total of 539 juvenile arrests were made in Creek County in 2003, for a rate of 64.2 per 1,000 juveniles age 10-17, up from 529 arrests and rate

of 60.4 in 2001.


Youth Suicide


Youth Suicide in Oklahoma

Source: Centers for Disease Control.

In 2000, 29 Oklahoma adolescents committed suicide -- 6 were under age 15.

Suicide is the 3rd leading cause of death among 15-24 year olds.

The majority of young Oklahomans who commit suicide use firearms.

The rate of youth suicide is slightly higher in rural Oklahoma than in urban areas of the state.

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...Families at Risk

Families at Risk…

Literacy


Rates of Adult Level 1 LiteracyBy County

Source: Oklahoma Literacy Resource Office.

15%16%

25%

19%

13% 13%

Tulsa Co. Creek Co. Okmulgee Co. Osage Co. Rogers Co. Wagoner Co.0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%Percent of adults at Level 1 Literacy

Level 1 Literacy is the lowest literacy level. Adults at this level display difficulty using certain reading, writing, and computational skills considered necessary for functioning in everyday life.

Oklahoma has a rate of 18%.


Adult Literacy Levels and Income

Source: Oklahoma Literacy Resource Office; Economic Policy Institute website.

Over 20% of American adults read at or below a 5th grade level - far below the level needed to earn a living wage.

43% of people with the lowest literacy skills live in poverty.

Workers who lack a high school diploma earned an average hourly wage of $9.50 in 2001, compared to $12.81 for high school graduates and $22.58 for those with a college degree.

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Impact of Adult Literacy & Education Levels on Children

Source: Oklahoma Literacy Resource Office.

As the educational level of adults improves, so does their children's success in school; helping low-literate adults improve their basic skills has a direct and measurable impact on both the education and quality of life of their children.

Children of adults who participate in literacy programs improve their grades and test scores, improve their reading skills and are less likely to drop out.

Children's literacy levels are strongly linked to educational level of their parents, especially their mothers.

Children of parents who are unemployed and have not completed high school are five times more likely to drop out than children of employed parents.

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Illiteracy Among Children in the U.S.

Source: (1) National Assessment of Educational Progress, 1998; (2) Shaywitz, Yale University Longitudinal Study (National Education Association).

38%75%

38% of 4th grade students cannot read at grade level.

Of children who cannot read at grade level in 4th grade, 75% never become successful readers.

1 2

All 4th Graders4th Graders Not Reading at

Grade Level

Families at Risk…

Domestic Violence


Domestic Violence Cases Reported toLaw Enforcement Agencies

Oklahoma, 1994 - 2003

Source: Oklahoma State Bureau of Investigation 2003 Uniform Crime Report.

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 20030

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

Cases 18,153 18,621 21,683 23,087 21,435 21,211 22,065 23,687 25,157 23,773


Domestic Violence Cases Reported to Law Enforcement Agencies, by Offense

Oklahoma, 2003

Source: Oklahoma State Bureau of Investigation 2003 Uniform Crime Report.

57 406

5,282

18,028

Homicides Violent sex crimes Felony assaults Felony assaults& battery

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

A total of 23,773 domestic violence cases were reported to Oklahoma law enforcement agencies in 2003.


...Our Health at Risk

Our Health at Risk…

Health rankings


Oklahoma's Rankings in Outcomes Associated with Poor Health, 1990 and 2005

According to United Health Foundation's State Health Rankings

Source: United Health Foundation.

#31

#41

#31

#24

#32

#27

#27

#44

#43

#50

#44

#47

#37

#43

Overall ranking

Limited activity days

Cardiovascular deaths

Cancer deaths

Total mortality

Infant mortality

Premature death

1990 2005

Ranking: 1=best, 50=worst


Report Card on HealthOklahoma and United States, 2002

Source: Oklahoma State Department of Health, Report Card on Health, 2004.

85.6%

58.7%

22.9%

30.5%

30.6%

16.9%

26.6%

77.4%

59.2%

22.2%

31.2%

24.4%

11%

23%

Eat <5 fruits/vegetables per day

Overweight

Obese

HS students inactive

Adults inactive

Youth smokers

Adult smokers

0%25%50%75%100% 0% 25% 50% 75% 100%

Oklahoma U.S.

F

C

C

F

F

F

B


Lack of Health Insurance


Health Insurance Status, by TypeOklahoma, 2003-2004

Source: Kaiser Family Foundation.

1,631,430 (47.9%)

129,260 (3.8%)391,140 (11.5%)

564,150 (16.5%)

693,050 (20.3%)

435,150 (47.8%)

29,920 (3.3%)

256,250 (28.1%)

23,250 (2.6%)

166,090 (18.2%)

1,193,460 (59.5%)

97,700 (4.9%)97,740 (4.9%)

91,990 (4.6%)

525,470 (26.2%)

2,810 (0.6%)1,640 (0.3%)37,150 (7.6%)

448,910 (91.2%)

1,490 (0.3%)

Employer Individual Medicaid Medicare/Other Public Uninsured

Total Population Under Age 19

Age 19-64 Age 65 & over


Persons with Disabilities


What is a Disability?

Source: ARC-USA, 2000; Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA); Developmental Services Division (DDSD), Oklahoma Department of Human Services (DHS), 2000; National Organization on Disability (NOD), 2000; U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2001, Americans with Disabilities: 1997 .

A person is considered to have a disability if he or she has difficulty performing certain functions (e.g., seeing, hearing, talking, walking, climbing stairs, lifting and carrying, etc.), or has difficulty performing activities of daily living, or has difficulty with certain social roles (e.g., doing school work for children, working at a job and around the house for adults, etc.).

– A person who is unable to perform one or more activities, or who uses some type of assistive technology to improve daily participation in all aspects of work, school and community life, or who needs assistance from another person to perform basic activities is considered to have a severe disability.

–

1 in 5 Americans have some level of disability.1 in 8 Americans have a severe disability.1 in 9 children age 6 to 14 have a disability.

*


Disability Prevalence by Age and Level of DisabilityOklahoma, 1997

Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2001, Americans with Disabilities: 1997 (Aug.-Nov. 1997 data from Survey of Income and Program Participation).

2%

3.4%

11.2%

10.7%

13.4%

22.6%

35.7%

49%

73.6%

4.8%

5.3%

8.1%

13.9%

24.2%

31.8%

57.6%

0 to 2

3 to 5

6 to 14

15-24

25-44

45-54

55-64

65-79

80+

Age Group

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Percent with Specified Level of Disability

Level of disabilityAny Severe


Persons with Disabilities by Age and TypeCivilian Noninstitutionalized Population, Creek County, 2000


21.0%

6.2%

49.7%

2.7%

20.3%

3.9%

8.8%7.4%14.8%

25.1%

40.0%

7.5%

13.9%2.6%

0.2%2.9%

23.0%

49.9%

9.0%

23.2%2.4%0.4%

9.9%

55.1%

Sensory Physical Mental Self-care Go-outside-home Employment 2 or more disabilities

Age 5-15(N=561)

Age 16-20(N=690)

Age 21-64(N=8,995)

Age 65+(N=4,086)


Labor Force Participation of People with Work DisabilitiesOklahoma, 1999

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, March 1999 Current Population Survey.

9.7%90.3%

69.5%

2.9%

27.6%

An estimated 10% of Oklahoma's population age 16-64 have a work disability.

Of those with a work disability, 31% are in labor

force and 28% are employed.

work disability

30.5% in labor force

Note: A work disability is one which prevents a person from working or limits a person in terms of kind or amount of work he or she can do.

employed

not in labor force

no work disability

unemployed2.9%


Poverty Rates by Disability Status and AgeCivilian Noninstitutionalized Population, Creek County, 1999


25.6% 25.9%

17.8%15.6%

17.2%

13.8%

8.8%

12.6%

Age 5-15 Age 16-20 Age 21-64 Age 65+0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%Percent of population living below poverty

Persons with a disability

Persons with no disability


A Research Based Approach

Best Practices... Doing What Works


Best Practices...Doing What WorksStrategies

Outcome performance measuresCommunity coalitions

Collaborative, public-private partnershipsConsumer/client investments

Successful outreach and recruitmentCase management/Care coordinationStrong social marketingRisk reduction educationAccess to services and care

Child careTransportationTranslation

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Best Practices

Source: Institute of Medicine, Reducing Risk for Mental Disorders, 1994.

Institute of Medicine’s Intervention Spectrum


Best PracticesSAMHSA’s Strategic Prevention Framework

Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA.).

Organize community to profile needs, including community readiness

Mobilize community and build capacity to address

needs

Develop the prevention plan (activities,

programs & strategies

Implement prevention plan

Evaluate for results and sustainability

1: Assessment

2: Capacity

3: Planning4: Implementation

5: Evaluation

Sustainability & cultural competence


Best Practices“Communities that Care” Model of Prevention

Risk and Protective Factor Framework

Source: Hawkins, Catalano, Miller, University of Washington Social Marketing Research Group, 1992, “Communities that Care” model of prevention.

Risk FactorsCharacteristics that

increase the likelihood of

negative outcomes

Protective FactorsCharacteristics that protect or provide a

buffer to moderate the influence of negative characteristics, and reduce potential of negative outcomes

Domains~Community

~Family~School

~Individual/Peer


...There is hope when United Way

invests in important long-term change and we all work together.


Quiz

1. Which area is growing the most rapidly (percent increase)? a. TAUW service area b. Creek Co. c. Sapulpa

2. During the past 30 years, what has happened to the income gap between rich and poor?

a. increased b. decreased c. stable

3. What percentage of all poor families in Creek County have an employed householder and/or spouse?

a. 20% b. 40% c. 61%

4. What percentage of Creek County residents age 25 & older have only a high school education or less?

a. 27% b. 44% c. 62%

5. How does Oklahoma compare to the nation in age-adjusted deaths rates?

a. better b. worse c. same


TAUW Community Investments Strategy Mission Statement

To take a leadership role in community building by investing TAUW's community resourcesin the most efficient and effective delivery systems for health and human services.


Community Profile 2006

...now available on the website ofThe Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa

www.csctulsa.org

Documents

Demographic Trends in Creek County Population growth in Creek County has been steady. Greater cultural diversity particularly among the population