EU FP7-AERONAUTICS and AIR TRANSPORTCollaborative Project No. 285098

P. Furler,a D. Marxer,a J.R. Scheffe,a H. Geerlings,c D. Reinaldac,e,

C. Falter,d V. Batteiger,d A. Sizmann,d A. Steinfelda

a Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, SwitzerlandC Shell Global Solutions International B.V., 1031 HW Amsterdam, The Netherlands

d Bauhaus Luftfahrt e.V., 80807 Munich, Germanyecurrently: the Petroleum Institute, Abu Dhabi, UAE

Solar Thermochemical Fuel Production

Heliostat array

Absorber

Solar concentration

Image: http://www.brightsourceenergy.com/

Qsolar

H2O/CO2dissociation

H2O/CO2

H2/CO

O2

Catalytic fuel synthesis

𝐻2𝑂 → 𝐻2 + 0.5 𝑂2

𝐶𝑂2 → 𝐶𝑂 + 0.5 𝑂2

𝑛𝐶𝑂 + 2𝑛 𝐻2 → 𝑪𝒏𝑯𝟐𝒏 + 𝑛𝐻2𝑂 Liquid fuels(Diesel, Jet fuel,

Ethanol…)

CO2 capture

3

H2 / CO2nd step: oxidation

O2

H2O/CO2

liquidfuels

(diesel, jet fuel…)

recycle

CO2 capture

1st step : solar reduction

CeO2 → CeO2−δ +δ

2O2

CeO2−δ + δCO2 → CeO2 + δCO

CeO2−δ + δH2O → CeO2 + δH2

CeO2−δ

CeO2

CeO2

Solar H2O / CO2 splitting2-Step CeO2 cycle

Reactor Front (water-cooled)

Reactor

Porous CeO2

Al2O3-SiO2

insulation

Inconel Shell

Quartz Window

Purge Gas (Ar)

ConcentratedSolar Radiation

1500 ° C

O2

O2O2

900 ° C

H2O / CO2

CO

H2H2

1. Thermal Reduction:

CeO2ΔHCeO2−𝛿 +

𝛿

2O2

2. Oxidation

CeO2−𝛿 + 𝛿H2O−∆H

CeO2 + 𝛿H2

CeO2−𝛿 + δCO2−∆H

CeO2 + 𝛿CO

Science 2010, 330 (6012), 1797-1801

Energy Environ. Sci. 2012, 5 (3), 6098-6103

Energy Fuels 2012, 26 (11), 7051-7059

X 1000 100 μm

X 1000 100 μm

Syngas(H2 / CO)

10 mm

Energy Fuels 2015, 3241-3250

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2014, 16, 10503-10511

Solar Reactor

7

Demonstration of the production chain to renewable kerosene from H2O and CO2

This document and the information contained are property of the SOLAR-JET consortium and shall notbe copied or disclosed to any third party without prior written authorization.

FP7-285098

11Technology Impact WorkshopIATA, Geneva, Switzerland, 29 & 30 April 2015

Demonstration of the production chain to renewable kerosene from H2O and CO2

Ar

CO

2

COMPRESSOR

Syn

gas

FISCHER-TROPSCHUNIT

Oxidation

HIGH-FLUXSOLAR SIMULATOR

SOLARREACTOR

H2O

STEAM GENERATOR

Syngas

Reduction

LiquidHydrocarbons

O2/Ar

• 750 L syngas• 33.7% H2, 19.2% CO, 30.5% CO2, 16.5% Ar

• 290 H2O/CO2-splitting redox cycles• 200 h operation

• 17.1 wt% Naphta (0-145°C)• 35.6 wt% Kerosene (145-300°C)• 17.1 wt% Gasoil (300-370°C)• 30.2 wt% heavier fractions

(>370°C)

Basic Concept Gas-to-Liquids Technology

Entire Production Chain Demonstrated

10

Solar Reactor Efficiency

ηsolar-to-fuel

2%

Reactive Structure

Reactive Material

• Heat and mass transfer properties

• Doped CeO2

• Other metal oxides• Perovskites

Reactor technology

• Geometry and scale-up• Operating conditions• Heat recovery

Direct impact on fuel

production cost

15%

11

Next Steps - Perspectives

Next steps:• Scale-up of reactor and testing on solar tower / solar dish

• System integration:

12

Perspectives - Industrial Scale

solar-to-fuelη 15%

1 solar tower (~1 km2) produces

20,000 liters/day of

kerosene

Image: http://www.cspworld.org/cspworldmap/gemasolar

13

Thank You

CO2 Capture Technology