DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES

DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS

AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES

Claudia Robbi SluterAndré Luiz Alencar de Mendonça

Federal University of Parana - Brazil

DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES

http://mapas.mma.gov.br/i3geo/aplicmap/geral.htm?3a3c7bc40d41d3efcc2a6345b5a79bf7

BRAZILIAN BIOMES



one of the highest biodiversity rates in the world

BRAZIL

Mittermeier et al. (1992)

Environmental laws

National topographic mapping

enforcement

available, complete and updated


BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION

United Nations Environment Programme

one of the most modern of the world

Federal Constitution

Criminal Codes

Civil Codes

the environment is a basic right of human being

“All have the right to an ecologically balanced environment which is an asset of common use and essential to a healthy quality of life, and both the Government and the community shall have the duty to defend and

preserve it for present and future generations.”

1988 Federal Constitution article 225



Environmental protection

Normative acts

act 6938/1981

Brazilian National Policy for Environment

Environment National Council (CONAMA)

Environment National System (SISNAMA)

The Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA)



Important environment-related acts

Act 4771/1965: establishes the forest code

Act 4118/1962: provides for the nuclear power national policy

Act 9985/2000: establishes SNUC – the National System of Nature Conservation Areas

Act 9433/1997: provides for the water resources national policy

Act 11284/2006: provides for public forests management

Act 11428/2006: provides for use and protection of Atlantic Forest Biome

Act 9605/1998: the environmental crimes law


BRAZILIAN TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING LEGISLATION

1988 Federal Constitution articles 21 and 22

TITLE III. THE ORGANIZATION OF THE STATE

CHAPTER II. THE UNION

Article 21. The Union shall have the power to:

XV - organize and maintain the official services of statistics, geography, geology and cartography of national scope

Article 22. The Union has the exclusive power to legislate on:

XVIII - the national statistical, cartographic and geological systems


BRAZILIAN TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING LEGISLATION

Article 22. The Union has the exclusive power to legislate on:

XVIII - the national statistical, cartographic and geological systems

Decree-Law # 243 of 1967

“the National Topographic Mapping is intended to represent the national territory through a series of adjacent, homogeneous and updated

quadrangle maps at the standard scales:”

1:1 000 000

1:500 000

1:250 000

1:100 000 1:50 000

1:25 000

http://mapas.ibge.gov.br/indice/viewer.htm

1:100.000 1:50.000 1:25.000

THE PROBLEM OF COMPLETENESS


BRAZILIAN TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING PROBLEMS

THE PROBLEM OF AGING










Brazilian environmental law issues concerning to topographic mapping

Act Issues concerning to topographic mapping

Act 6938/1981

National Policy for Environment

Potentially polluting activities control and zoning; Control of threatened or degraded areas; Tax collecting for survey and licensing activities accordingly to the land use and area size.

Act 9433/1997

Water Resources National Policy

Definition for Watershed; Calculation of river basin areas; Class definitions for water bodies.

Act 9605/1998

Environmental Crimes Law

Penalties for deforestation, economic exploitation or degradation of native or planted forest area.

Act 6766/1979

Urban Areas Management Law

Definition of Urban Areas and Urban Expansion; Definition of waterflood areas, slope above 30% and ecological preservation areas.


The Forest Code - Act 4771/1965

the decade of 1980 and 1990 had expressive deforestation rates

Rural producers Ecologists

several points of disagreement

X

“But there are not studies pointing out the relationship between these problems and the absence of topographic

mapping in Brazil”


The Forest Code - Act 4771/1965

2 classes of protected areas in particular rural properties

APP – Permanent Preservation Areas

Legal Reserves


MAJOR BRAZILIAN BIOMES – legal reserves areas

Amazon forest

Atlantic forest

Caatinga

Cerrado

Pantanal

Pampa

80%

20%

20%*

20%

20%

20%


Floresta Ombrófila Densa

Floresta Ombrófila Aberta

Floresta Ombrófila Mista

Floresta Estacional Decidual

Savana

Savana - Estépica

Área das Formações Pioneiras

Refúgios Vegetais

Geographic limits

Official map

1:5.000.000

Atlantic Forest Biome Law - 11428/2006

> 625km²

25km x 25km

5mm x 5mm


Permanent Preservation Areas and Topographic Maps

Riparian zones

High slopes

Top of montains and hills

Highly altitude areas

Stream width range (in meters)

Minimum riparian zone width (in meters)

10 or less 30

10 to 50 50

50 to 200 100

200 to 600 200

600 or high 500

Source of river or stream

50

1:100.000 topographic maps

1mm width line 100 meters stream length 3 classes of APP

1:10,000 scale maps


CONCLUSION

Brazil is the fifth largest country in the world and the largest of the South hemisphere with around 8 million square kilometers. Due to its continental extension the country has relevant biomes for the world.

Those biomes demand on conservation programmes and strategies for sustainable development. These actions depend on a topographic mapping at a suitable scale.

Topographic cartography is an expense activity however it is essential for any plan or action that aims environmental protection and conservation.


CONCLUSION

A basic topographic cartography at a suitable scale can bring benefits to the quality of results of the environment license process.

The analysis of the environmental legislation allows us to establish its dependence of the existence of an official topographic mapping at a suitable and accurate scale.

Environment protection and preservation encompasses a set of aspects related to geographic data and they should be considered when the authorities make decisions about budget for mapping the countries.

Documents

DEPENDENT ASPECTS OF BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING SERIES