Types of Sentences

Dependent clause

Independent clause

Compound sentence

Complex sentence

Simple SentenceCompound-

complex sentence

Clause

Sentence

A clause is a group of words that contains (at least) a subject and a verb

Two kinds of clauses:

Clause

Independent clause Dependent clause

-contains a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought.

-begins with subcoordinators (See page 163) and does not express a complete thought.-There are three kinds of it: adverb, adjective, and noun. (See page 172)

A sentence is a group of words that is used to communicate ideas

It is formed from one or more clauses and expresses a complete thought.

Sentence

A simple sentence is a single independent clause

It expresses a single complete thought. A simple sentence can have a compound

subject, a compound verb, or a compund subject and a compound verb.

Simple Sentence

Freshwater boils at 100 degrees Celcius at sea level.

Freshwater boils at 100 degrees and freezes at 0 degrees Celcius at sea level.

Freshwater and salt water do not boil and do not freeze at the same temperatures.

Examples of Simple Sentences

A compound sentence is two or more independent clauses joined together.

Compound Sentences

1. With a coordinator(for, and, nor, but, or, and yet, so) join these independent clauses. (Hint: The conjunctions spell FANBOYS.See page 166)Salt water boils at a higher temperature than freshwater, so food cooks faster in salt water.Pattern: Independent clause, +coordinator + independent clause2. With a conjunctive adverb (See page 169)Salt water boils at a higher temperature than freshwater; therefore, food cooks faster in salt water.3. With a semicolonSalt water boils at a higher temperature than freshwater; food cooks faster in salt water

3 ways to join the clauses in compound sentences:

See page 170

Exercise

A complex sentence contains one independent clause and one (or more) dependent clause(s).

Complex Sentences

See page 173

Exercises

It has at least three clauses with at least two independent clauses and one dependent clause.

The same subordinating conjunctions are used to introduce the dependent clauses.

The same coordinating conjunctions (FANBOYS) are used for joining the independent clauses.

Compound-complex Sentences

I wanted to travel after I graduated from college; however, I had to go to work immediately.

After I graduated from college, I wanted to travel, but I had to go to work immediately.

I wanted to travel after I graduated from college, but I had to go to work immediately because I had to support my family.

I could not decide where I should work or what I should do, so at first I did noting.

Examples of Compound-complex Sentences

See page 174

Exercise