Philosophical Review

Der Aufbau von Kants Kritik der Reinen Vernunft und das Problem der Zeit by FritzHeinemannReview by: G. W. CunninghamThe Philosophical Review, Vol. 23, No. 2 (Mar., 1914), pp. 233-234Published by: Duke University Press on behalf of Philosophical ReviewStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2178737 .

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No. 2.] NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. 233

of "the process of the limit," best illustrated by the author's squaring of the circle. A circle and a square placed side by side appear identical if far

enough removed from the eye. Now this identity can be preserved as the eye approaches the two gradually, provided that at every step, the number of sides of the square is increased, and this ad finitum. Just as the mathematical incommensurable is thus resolved into the commensurable, so is, per analogy, the organic process, as, for example, the discrepancy between sense and the intelligible world. To carry out this " axiom," there is required the principle of the points. The "mathematical point" is the infinitesimal of space; the "; ethereal point " or perpetuum mobile is 'the other' invested with motion or process; the "material point" is the mathematical invested with the infinitely smallest particle of matter, or the atom. Two spatial points infinitesimally

contiguous, if ethereal, are by impact or pressure in the relation of cause and effect. This sort of causation may be identified with that above, if the thought process is thoroughly organic and to be related back to matter and function as the sole ultimates. Conceptually, all external phenomena are infinitesimally cohesive, and the same causal nexus extends (infinitesimally) to the intra-

organic subject. The final four Chapters are devoted to an impassioned and metaphorically

lucid exposition, with cumulative citations, of the earlier chapters of the Old Testament, to show that this organic speculation coincides with the creation accounts and the Mosaic religion. On the contrary, the writer betrays no sense of evolution, although so urgent in pressing organic process or the bio- logical principle as fundamental, There is no evidence of purpose. Will is nothing more than another term for these congruent dynamic tendencies; as, for example, the crude expression illustrates, that will-the will to know-

fertilizes the concepts and generates ideas. Of course the earnest claim of process is wholly abortive, for to open a Weltanschauung with static concepts of the spatial type and mere identification forecloses from the start the possi- bility of growth. This philosophy runs parallel with our New Realism, except that it is rather of the Meinong type: instead of "entity" and "relation," it follows concept and identification. The effort suffers from a lack of acquain- tance with scientific psychology and biology, a deficiency compensated for by a plunge into mystical and vitalistic absolutism.

CHARLES A. MOHR. INDIANA UNIVERSITY.

Der A ufbau von Kants Kritik der reinen Vernunft und das Problem der Zeit. Von FRITZ HEINEMANN. Giessen, verlag von Alfred Tdpelmann (vormals J. Ricker), 1913.-PP. Viii, 212.

The work before us is, as its title indicates, a study of the Critique of Pure Reason with special reference to the problem, of time. It is divided into four general divisions. The first is devoted to the problem of time " auf der Stufe der Modalitat," and covers the first twenty pages of the book. Under the next general problem, " Die Zeit auf der Stufe der transcendentalen Deduk-

tion," (pp. 2i-68), the significance of the transcendental deduction of the

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234 THE PHILOSOPHICAL REVIEW. [VOL. XXIII.

categories is discussed in some detail. " Die Zeit auf der Stufe des Schematis- mus und der Grundsatze " is the heading of the third division of the work (pp. 69-I52). Here are discussed: the place of the schematism in the Critique; the principles of the pure understanding, extensive magnitude, intensive magnitude, the analogies of experience, substance, causality, reciprocity. The last pages of the work are devoted to a consideration of time and the tran- scendental Ideas, "Die Zeit in der Sphare des Ideenproblems" (pp. I53-2I2).

This work constitutes the second part of the seventh volume of the Phizlos- ophische Arbeiten, edited by Hermann Cohen and Paul Natorp. The study is a painstaking one, and deserves consideration by the student of Kant's philosophy.

G. W. CUNNINGHAM. MIDDLEBURY COLLEGE.

Wahrheit und Wirklichkeit: Untersuchungen zum realistischen Wahrheitsproblem. Von DR. ALOYS MUYLLER. Bonn, A. Marcus und E. Weber, I9I3.-pp. 64.

The avowed purpose of this monograph is to set forth an independent form of realism. Although the author uses elements from several well known forms of realism he does not wish to have his theory confused with any particular form. In the preface he tells us that some of the ideas advanced have already been published in Archiv. f. syst. Philos., XVI Bd., S. 380 if., and that the central idea was announced in the second part of his book, Das Problem des

absoluten Raumes und seine Beziehung zum aligemeinen Raumproblem (Die

Wissenschaft. Samml. naturw. und mathem. Monographien, 39. H., Braunsch- weig, i9ii). The latter work was reviewed in the PHILOSOPHICAL REvIEw, Volume XXI, p. 475. The kind of realism which the author proposes is said to lie between idealism and extreme realism. To indicate this eclectic character of his theory he designates it Idealrealismus. From the epistemological point of view he holds that there are two sorts of ultimates-the psychic and the

non-psychic-which unite to form a single reality. The phenomenal world

and all its elements are the synthetic union of subjective and objective factors.

The monograph is divided into four sections as follows: I, Wahrheitsbegriff und

Wahrheitskriterium; II, Wirklichkeitstreue und Wahrheit; III, Die Konformildt der Wahrheit; IV, Zur Werttheorie der Wahrheit. The main sections are fol-

lowed by a concise summary and two appended discussions entitled, Ober die Maglichkeit verschiedenartiger Wahrheitssysteme, and Ober den Realitdts-

charakter der logischen Gesetze. H. G. TOWNSEND.

CENTRAL COLLEGE.

The following books also have been received:

The Philosophy of Giambattista Vico. By BENEDETTO CROCE. Translated by

R. G. Collingwood. New York, The Macmillan Co., 19I3.-PP. viii, 317.

$2.60. Nature and Cognition of Space and Time. By JOHNSTON ESTEP WALTER.

West Newton, Pa., Johnston and Penney.-pp. i86. $I.35 pd.

Common Sense. By CHARLES E. HOOPER. London, Watts and Co., I9I3.-

PP. I72, 2/6 net.

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