Derived Nouns and Derived Nouns and AdjectivesAdjectives

Georgia Center for LanguageGeorgia Center for Language

OverviewOverview

OutlineOutline Part IPart I

Verbal NounsVerbal NounsActive ParticiplesActive ParticiplesPassive ParticiplesPassive ParticiplesNouns of Place and TimeNouns of Place and Time

Part IIPart IINouns of InstanceNouns of InstanceNouns of Intensity and ProfessionNouns of Intensity and ProfessionNouns of Instruments, Vehicles, and VesselsNouns of Instruments, Vehicles, and VesselsRelative Adjectives (Nisba)Relative Adjectives (Nisba)Nouns of Concept (Feminine Nisba)Nouns of Concept (Feminine Nisba)

Derived Nouns and AdjectivesDerived Nouns and Adjectives

Noun: a word that is the Noun: a word that is the namename of something (as of something (as in a person (Bob), animal (cat), place (field), in a person (Bob), animal (cat), place (field), thing (pencil), quality (goodness), idea thing (pencil), quality (goodness), idea (feminism) or action (spitting).(feminism) or action (spitting).

Adjective: a word typically serving as a Adjective: a word typically serving as a modifier modifier of a nounof a noun to denote a quality of the thing named to denote a quality of the thing named (the (the barbarousbarbarous tribes), to indicate its quantity or tribes), to indicate its quantity or extent (the extent (the vastvast armies), or to specify a thing as armies), or to specify a thing as distinct from something else (the distinct from something else (the RomanRoman legion). legion).

Derived Nouns and AdjectivesDerived Nouns and Adjectives

Part IPart I

Verbal NounsVerbal Nouns

Active ParticiplesActive Participles

Passive ParticiplesPassive Participles

Nouns of Place and TimeNouns of Place and Time

The Verbal NounThe Verbal Nounالمصدرالمصدر

Meaning and UseMeaning and UseIn English, we make nouns out of verbs by adding In English, we make nouns out of verbs by adding noun-forming suffixes, of which there are more than noun-forming suffixes, of which there are more than twenty:twenty: ““-tion”: Hibernate/Hibernation; Qualify/Qualification-tion”: Hibernate/Hibernation; Qualify/Qualification Gerund suffix “-ing”: Bake/Baking; Cook/CookingGerund suffix “-ing”: Bake/Baking; Cook/Cooking ““-ant”: Defend/Defendant; Claim/Claimant-ant”: Defend/Defendant; Claim/Claimant More SuffixesMore Suffixes

The Arabic The Arabic مصدرمصدر serves the same function as the serves the same function as the English noun-forming suffix. Arabic has a small set English noun-forming suffix. Arabic has a small set of predictable, fixed noun-forming patterns, with one of predictable, fixed noun-forming patterns, with one verbal noun pattern for each measure, with the verbal noun pattern for each measure, with the exception of measure I.exception of measure I.

Verbal Nouns I-XVerbal Nouns I-X

Measure I (Measure I ( ((ف�ع�ل�ف�ع�ل� More than 40 forms exist.More than 40 forms exist. Most common forms:Most common forms:

ع�ر ض� = ف�ع ل�ع�ر ض� = ف�ع ل�و�ص�ول� = ف�ع�ول�و�ص�ول� = ف�ع�ول�

�ة� �ل �ة� = ف�ع�ا �اب �ت �ة�ك �ل �ة� = ف�ع�ا �اب �ت ك

Measure II (Measure II ( ((ف�ع�ل�ف�ع�ل��ف ع�يل� �يم� = ت �ع ل �ف ع�يل�ت �يم� = ت �ع ل ت

Verbal Nouns I-XVerbal Nouns I-X

Measure III (Measure III ( ((ف�اع�ل�ف�اع�ل��ة� �ع�ل �ة� = م�ف�ا ب �ة�م�ح�ار� �ع�ل �ة� = م�ف�ا ب م�ح�ار��ال� = ف�ع�ال� �ال� = ف�ع�ال�ق�ت ق�ت

Measure IV (Measure IV ( ((أف�ع�ل�أف�ع�ل��ف ع�ال� �ظ ه�ار� = إ �ف ع�ال�إ �ظ ه�ار� = إ إ

Measure V (Measure V ( �ف�ع�ل� �ف�ع�ل�ت ((ت�ف�ع*ل� *م� = ت �ع�ل �ف�ع*ل�ت *م� = ت �ع�ل ت

Measure VI (Measure VI ( �ف�اع�ل� �ف�اع�ل�ت ((ت�ع�ل� �ف�ا �م�ل� = ت �ع�ا �ع�ل�ت �ف�ا �م�ل� = ت �ع�ا ت

Verbal Nouns I-XVerbal Nouns I-X

Measure VII (Measure VII ( ف�ع�ل� �ن ف�ع�ل�ا �ن ((ا ف�ع�ال� �ن ح�اب� = إ س� �ن ف�ع�ال�إ �ن ح�اب� = إ س� �ن إ

Measure VIII (Measure VIII ( �ع�ل� �ف ت �ع�ل�ا �ف ت ((ا�ف�اع� ت �ر �ف�اع�إ ت �ر إ �ع�ال� �ف ت �ع�ال�إ �ف ت إ

Measure IX (Measure IX ( ��ف ع�ل �ف ع�ل�ا ((ا

ار� �ح م�ر� ار�إ �ح م�ر� إ ل� �ف ع�ال� ل�إ �ف ع�ال� إ

Measure X (Measure X ( �ف ع�ل� ت �س �ف ع�ل�ا ت �س ((ا�ف ع�ال� ت �س �ع م�ال� = إ ت �س �ف ع�ال�إ ت �س �ع م�ال� = إ ت �س إ

The Active ParticipleThe Active Participleالفاعل الفاعل اسم اسم

Meaning and UseMeaning and Use Noun: the doer of the action of the verbNoun: the doer of the action of the verb

To write = writerTo write = writer

�ب� �ت �ب3 = ك �ب�كات �ت �ب3 = ك كات Adjective: attributes the description of the Adjective: attributes the description of the

verb’s meaning to the noun it modifiesverb’s meaning to the noun it modifiesTo be clear (verb) = clear (adjective)To be clear (verb) = clear (adjective)

واضح = وضحواضح = وضح

Active ParticiplesActive Participles

Measure IMeasure I Sound verbsSound verbs

كاتب = كتبكاتب = كتب Hollow verbsHollow verbs

قائل = قال )قول(قائل = قال )قول( Assimilated verbsAssimilated verbs

واضح = وضحواضح = وضح Defective verbsDefective verbs

قاض== )القاضي( = قضىقاض== )القاضي( = قضى Doubled verbsDoubled verbs

مار3 = مر3مار3 = مر3

Active ParticiplesActive Participles

Active Participles for Measures II-XActive Participles for Measures II-X Formed by adding the prefix Formed by adding the prefix م�م� and voweling the and voweling the

second radical of the root with the kesrasecond radical of the root with the kesraII – II – م�د�ر@سم�د�ر@سIII – III – ل� �لم�قات م�قاتIV – IV – م�ثم�رم�ثم�رV – V – م�تعل@مم�تعل@مVI – VI – م�تناز�عم�تناز�عVII – VII – م�نسح�بم�نسح�بVIII – VIII – م�رتف�عم�رتف�عIX - IX - 3م�ر م�ح م�ر3م�حX - X - م�ستعم�لم�ستعم�ل

The Passive ParticipleThe Passive Participleالمفعول المفعول اسم اسم

Meaning and UseMeaning and Use Something that has undergone the action of Something that has undergone the action of

the verbthe verbNounNoun

To employ = employee (one who has been employed)To employ = employee (one who has been employed) م�و�ظ�ف = و�ظ3فم�و�ظ�ف = و�ظ3ف

AdjectiveAdjective To write = written (something that has been written)To write = written (something that has been written) توب = كتب توب = كتبم�ك م�ك

Passive ParticiplesPassive Participles

Measure IMeasure I Sound verbsSound verbs

توب = كتب توب = كتبم�ك م�ك Hollow verbsHollow verbs

م�زور = زار )زور(م�زور = زار )زور(م�بيع = باع )بيع(م�بيع = باع )بيع(

Assimilated verbsAssimilated verbs

م�و جود = وجدم�و جود = وجد Defective VerbsDefective Verbs

م�قضي3 = قضيم�قضي3 = قضيم�د عو3 = دعام�د عو3 = دعا

Doubled VerbsDoubled Verbs

م�ح قوق = حق3م�ح قوق = حق3

Passive ParticiplesPassive Participles

Passive Participles for Measures II-XPassive Participles for Measures II-X Formed by adding the prefix Formed by adding the prefix م�م� and voweling the and voweling the

second radical of the root with a fathasecond radical of the root with a fatha

II – II – ف�م�وظ�فم�وظIII – III – م�ناق�شم�ناق�ش

IV – IV – م�عل�نم�عل�نV – V – م��ل �ك �ل�مم�ت �ك م�ت

VI – VI – ل� �قاب �لم�ت �قاب م�ت

VIII – VIII – حم�قتر�ح م�قتر�

X –X – م�ستعم�لم�ستعم�ل

The Noun of Place and TimeThe Noun of Place and Timeالزمان و المكان الزمان اسم و المكان اسم

Meaning and useMeaning and use Show the location or time of the action of the verbShow the location or time of the action of the verb Patterns for Measure IPatterns for Measure I

م�ق ع�د� = م�ف ع�ل�م�ق ع�د� = م�ف ع�ل� م�ج ل�س� = م�ف ع�ل�م�ج ل�س� = م�ف ع�ل�

�ة� ة� = م�ف ع�ل س� �ة�م�د ر� ة� = م�ف ع�ل س� م�د ر� Patterns for Measures II-X follow the pattern of the Patterns for Measures II-X follow the pattern of the

passive participlepassive participle

�ر� �ب ت �ر�م�خ �ب ت م�خ�ل� �ق ب ت �ل�م�س �ق ب ت م�س

Other Derived NounsOther Derived Nouns

Part IIPart IINouns of InstanceNouns of Instance

Nouns of Intensity and ProfessionNouns of Intensity and Profession

Nouns of Instruments, Vehicles, and VesselsNouns of Instruments, Vehicles, and Vessels

Relative Adjectives (Nisba)Relative Adjectives (Nisba)

Nouns of Concept (Feminine Nisba) Nouns of Concept (Feminine Nisba)

The Noun of InstanceThe Noun of Instanceة المر3 ة اسم المر3 اسم

Meaning and UseMeaning and Use Nouns of Instance are used to indicate one Nouns of Instance are used to indicate one

occurrence of the meaning of the verb.occurrence of the meaning of the verb.To strike = a strike or hitTo strike = a strike or hit

ب� بة = ض�ر� ب�ض�ر بة = ض�ر� ض�رTo punch = a hit or punchTo punch = a hit or punch

�م� �ك مة = ل �ك �م�ل �ك مة = ل �ك لTo sit = sessionTo sit = session

ج�ل سة = ج�ل�س�ج�ل سة = ج�ل�س�

The Noun of Intensity and The Noun of Intensity and ProfessionProfession

المبالغة المبالغة اسم اسم

Meaning and UseMeaning and Use Nouns of Intensity and Profession denote intensive Nouns of Intensity and Profession denote intensive

meaning of the active participle.meaning of the active participle.Verb = Active Participle = Noun of Intensity/ProfessionVerb = Active Participle = Noun of Intensity/ProfessionTo do = Doer = Effective (Done very well)To do = Doer = Effective (Done very well)

ف�ع�ال = ف�اع�ل = ف�ع�ل�ف�ع�ال = ف�اع�ل = ف�ع�ل�To cook = one who is cooking = chef (professional cook)To cook = one who is cooking = chef (professional cook)

�خ� �خ = ط�ب �اخ = ط�اب �خ�ط�ب �خ = ط�ب �اخ = ط�اب ط�بTo steal = thief = professional thiefTo steal = thief = professional thief

ق� ر� ار�ق = س� اق = س� �ر ق�س� ر� ار�ق = س� اق = س� �ر س�To shoot = shooter = sharpshooterTo shoot = shooter = sharpshooter

�ص� �اص = قانص = ق�ن �ص�ق�ن �اص = قانص = ق�ن ق�ن

Nouns of Intensity and ProfessionNouns of Intensity and Profession

ف�عيل�ف�عيل� عيم, خ�بير عيم, خ�بيرز� ز� �بير, ح�ديث �بير, ح�ديثك ك

Other patterns Schulz pg. 74Other patterns Schulz pg. 74

The Noun of Instruments, Vehicles, The Noun of Instruments, Vehicles, and Vesselsand Vessels

الوعاء و اآللة الوعاء اسم و اآللة اسم

Meaning and UseMeaning and Use The feminine form of the Nouns of Intensity and Profession often The feminine form of the Nouns of Intensity and Profession often

denote Instruments and Vehicles.denote Instruments and Vehicles.Verb = Noun of Intensity/Profession = Noun of Instrument/VehicleVerb = Noun of Intensity/Profession = Noun of Instrument/Vehicle

ف�ع�الة = ف�ع�ال = ف�ع�ل�ف�ع�الة = ف�ع�ال = ف�ع�ل�To dive = professional diver = submarineTo dive = professional diver = submarine

غ�و�اصة = غ�و�اص = غاص )غوص(غ�و�اصة = غ�و�اص = غاص )غوص(To wash = launderer (profession) = washing machineTo wash = launderer (profession) = washing machine

ل� الة = غ�س�ال = غ�س� �الة = غ�س�ال = غ�س�ل�غ�س �غ�س

Nouns of Instrument, Vehicles and Nouns of Instrument, Vehicles and VesselsVessels

Other patternsOther patternsم�ف ع�ل� = م�ف ع�ل� = م�د ف�ع� م�د ف�ع�

م�ف�عال� = �اح� م�ف�عال� = م�ف ت �اح� م�ف ت

م�ف ع�لة� = فة� م�ف ع�لة� = م�ج ر� فة� م�ج ر�

ف�ع�الة� = افة� �ف�ع�الة� = ج�ر افة� �ج�ر

For more examples and patterns see Schulz pg. 77-79For more examples and patterns see Schulz pg. 77-79

The Relative AdjectiveThe Relative Adjectiveالنسبةالنسبة

Meaning and UseMeaning and Use By adding the suffix By adding the suffix 3ي3ي or or 3ة 3ةي to nouns, the noun to nouns, the noun ي

becomes an adjective related to the noun’s original becomes an adjective related to the noun’s original meaning.meaning.

3ة بغدادي3 = بغداد 3ة بغدادي3 = بغدادبغدادي بغدادي3ة امريكي3 = امريكا 3ة امريكي3 = امريكاامريكي امريكي3ة اردني3 = االردن 3ة اردني3 = االردناردني اردني3ة قاهري3 = القاهرة 3ة قاهري3 = القاهرةقاهري قاهري3ة وطني3 = وطن 3ة وطني3 = وطنوطني وطني3ة جامعي3 = جامعة 3ة جامعي3 = جامعةجامعي جامعي

The Noun of ConceptThe Noun of Concept3ثة المؤن 3ثة النسبة المؤن النسبة

Meaning and UseMeaning and Use The Feminine Nisba is formed by adding the suffix The Feminine Nisba is formed by adding the suffix 3ة 3ةي ي

to a noun, and it is often used to denote an abstract to a noun, and it is often used to denote an abstract idea or concept.idea or concept.

Expression = ExpressionismExpression = Expressionism

3ة = تعبير 3ة = تعبيرتعبيري تعبيريCapital = CapitalismCapital = Capitalism

3ة = رأسمال 3ة = رأسمالرأسمالي رأسماليNation = NationalismNation = Nationalism

3ة = وطن 3ة = وطنوطني وطني

BibliographyBibliography

All the Arabic You Never Learned the First Time AroundAll the Arabic You Never Learned the First Time Around by Jim Priceby Jim Price

A Student Grammar of Modern Standard ArabicA Student Grammar of Modern Standard Arabic by by Eckehard SchulzEckehard Schulz