Design and Analysis of Crankshaft

7/23/2019 Design and Analysis of Crankshaft

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A MINI PROJECT REPORT

On

“DESIGN AND MODAL ANALYSIS OF CRANKSHAFT”

A Dissertation submitted to the Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad in

partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

IN

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

(2015-2016)

BY

ABIJIT GUDA 12C1A0!01

ARU" MANDAL 12C1A0!0#

G SHRA$AN RAJ 12C1A0!26

U%&' *' '+'','& ./&%' 3

M4 G4 BANU "RAKASH

A++/' "3'++

DE"T OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

HOLY MARY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE (Approved by AICTE , New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTU, HYDERABAD)

Boara!"#), $ee%ara"&), R'R'Di%t' (*+*'

Holy Triity Ed-.atioal /o.iety

HOLY MARY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE



(Approved by AICTE , New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTU, HYDERABAD)

Boara!"#), $ee%ara"&), R'R'Di%t' (*+*

Depart!et of &e.hai.al Eieeri

CERTIFICATE

Thi% i% to .ertify that the pro0e.t “DESIGN AND MODAL ANALYSIS OF

CRANKSHAFT” i% bei %-b!itted by the followi %t-det% i partial f-lfill!et

of the re1-ire!et% for the award of deree of BACHE23R 34 TECHN3235Y iM'*%/ E%/%''/% fro! J* N'*. T'*%/ U%/7'+/89

Hyderabad i% a boafide wor6 .arried o-t d-ri the a.ade!i. year 7*89**(' The

re%-lt e!bodied i thi% pro0e.t report ha% ot bee %-b!itted to ay other -iver%ity or

i%tit-te for the award of ay other deree'

ABIJIT GUDA 12C1A0!01

ARU" MANDAL 12C1A0!0#

G SHRA$AN RAJ 12C1A0!26

"ROJECT GUIDE H4O4D

M 4 G4 B%. ":+* "34 J4 J8 K/+*%

E;'% E;,/%'

ACKNO<LEDGEMENT



:e ta6e thi% opport-ity to e;pre%% o-r %i.ere ratit-de to G4 B%. ":+*,

A++' "3'++9 D'=,'% 3 M'*%/ E%/%''/% for hi% val-able

%-e%tio% ad -ida.e ive d-ri the e;e.-tio of thi% pro0e.t wor6' :e are

reatly i debt to hi! for hi% %-pport, !oitori ad the feedba.6 fro! ti!e to ti!e

d-ri the .o-r%e of wor6'

:e wo-ld li6e to e;pre%% o-r %i.ere tha6% to the etire Depart!et for

providi the e.e%%ary fa.ilitie% whe eeded' :e are al%o tha6f-l to R*. +/

fro! the &e.hai.al depart!et for hi% e;teded help ad .o9 operatio reardi the

pro0e.t ad for helpi -% with their tre!edo-% 6owlede' :e are al%o very tha6f-l

to M R*%9 pro0e.t .o9ordiator, for the .o9operatio thro-h o-t the d-ratio of

o-r pro0e.t wor6'

:e wo-ld al%o li6e to tha6 all the people who have dire.tly or idire.tly

helped -% i .o!pleti thi% pro0e.t'

It i% a reat e;perie.e doi the pro0e.t i o-r ow .ollee with o-r ow

re%o-r.e% ad for providi thi% we are very tha6f-l to o-r "/%/= D4N4 S.>*+*

C*%&4 :e are al%o very tha6f-l to o-r M%','% of H8 M8 I%+/./%

3 T'*%8 %& +/'%' for their %-pport'

-Abi0it 5-da

9Ar-p &adal

9 5' /hrava

ABSTRACT



Cra6%haft i% lare vol-!e prod-.tio .o!poet with a .o!ple; eo!etry i the

Iteral Co!b-%tio "I'C) Eie' Thi% .overt% the re.ipro.ati di%pla.e!et of the pi%to

i to a rotary !otio of the .ra6 Cra6%haft i% oe of the .riti.al .o!poet% for the

effe.tive ad pre.i%e wor6i of the iteral .o!b-%tio eie'

The !odelli of the .ra6%haft i% .reated -%i CATIA9#( /oftware' 4iite ele!et

aaly%i% "4EA) i% perfor!ed to obtai the variatio of %tre%% at .riti.al lo.atio% of the .ra6

%haft -%i the AN/Y/ %oftware ad applyi the bo-dary .oditio%' 4-rther it .a be

e;teded for the differet !aterial% ad %tati. aaly%i%, opti!i<atio of .ra6 %haft'

4iite ele!et aaly%i% "4EA) i% perfor!ed to obtai the variatio of %tre%%

!ait-de at .riti.al lo.atio% of .ra6%haft' /i!-latio ip-t% are ta6e fro! the eie

%pe.ifi.atio .hart' The dya!i. aaly%i% i% doe -%i 4EA /oftware AN/Y/ whi.h

re%-lted i the load %pe.tr-! applied to .ra6 pi beari' Thi% load i% applied to the 4E

!odel i AN/Y/, ad bo-dary .oditio% are applied a..ordi to the eie !o-ti

.oditio%' The aaly%i% i% doe for fidi .riti.al lo.atio i .ra6%haft' The relatio%hip

betwee the fre1-e.y ad the vibratio !odal i% e;plaied by the !odal ad har!oi.

aaly%i% of .ra6%haft -%i 4EA %oftware AN/Y/'

A atte!pt i% !ade i thi% paper to %t-dy the &odal aaly%i% o a .ra6%haft fro! a fo-r

.ylider 89%tro6e I'C Eie' I thi% paper a dya!i. %i!-latio i% .od-.ted o a .ra6%haft

fro! a fo-r .ylider 89 %tro6e die%el eie' A three9di!e%io !odel of die%el eie

.ra6%haft i% .reated -%i CATIA #( %oftware ad aaly%i% i% doe i AN/Y/'

" i )

CONTENTS



Chapter 1: Introduction of crankshaft

Introduction

1 Combustion and inertia forces acting on crankshaft

1.1.1 Torsional load

1.1.2 Bending load

2 Bending moment

3 Twisting moment

4 Theoretical analysis

5 Application

Chapter 2: Literature review

1 Recent developments

2 Theoretical analysis

3 Design calculation for crankshaft

Chapter 3: Methodology

3.1 Procedure of modal analysis

3.1.1 System requirements

3.2 CATIA

3.3 History of CATIA

3.3.1 Release history

3.4 ANSYS

3.5 ANSYS data

3.6 Material properties

Chapter 4: Design and modal analysis

4.1 Design of crankshaft in CATIA V5

4.2 Modal analysis of crankshaft in ANSYS



Chapter 5: Result and discussions.

Chapter 6: Conclusion and Future scope

References :



14 INTRODUCTION

Cra6 %haft i% a lare .o!poet with a .o!ple; eo!etry i the I'C eie, whi.h

.overt% the re.ipro.ati di%pla.e!et of the pi%to to a rotary !otio with a fo-r bar li6 !e.hai%!' Cra6%haft .o%i%ti of %haft part%, two 0o-ral beari% ad oe .ra6pi

beari' The /haft part% whi.h revolve i the !ai beari%, the .ra6 pi% to whi.h the bi

ed of the .oe.ti rod are .oe.ted, the .ra6 ar!% or web% whi.h .oe.t the .ra6

pi% ad %haft part%' I additio, the liear di%pla.e!et of a eie i% ot %!ooth= a% the

di%pla.e!et i% .a-%ed by the .o!b-%tio .ha!ber therefore the di%pla.e!et ha% %-dde

%ho.6%'

The .o.ept of -%i .ra6%haft i% to .hae the%e %-dde di%pla.e!et% to a% %!ooth

rotary o-tp-t, whi.h i% the ip-t to !ay devi.e% %-.h a% eerator%, p-!p% ad .o!pre%%or%'

It %ho-ld al%o be %tated that the -%e of a flywheel help% i %!oothi the %ho.6%' Cra6%haft

e;perie.e% lare for.e% fro! a% .o!b-%tio' Thi% for.e i% applied to the top of the pi%to

ad %i.e the .oe.ti rod .oe.t% the pi%to to the .ra6 %haft, the for.e will be

tra%!itted to the .ra6%haft' The !ait-de of the for.e% deped% o !ay fa.tor% whi.h

.o%i%t of .ra6 radi-%, .oe.ti rod di!e%io%, ad weiht of the .oe.ti rod, pi%to,

pi%to ri%, ad pi'

141 C,>.+/% %& /%'/ 3'+ /% % *' %:+*34

14141 T+/% &

In the field of solid mechanics, torsion is the twisting of an object due to an applied torque.

It is expressed in newton metres (N·m) or foot-pound force (ft·lbf). In sections perpendicular to

ithe torque axis, the resultant shear stress in this section is perpendicular to the radius. Note that



the highest shear stress occurs on the surface of the shaft, where the radius is maximum. igh

stresses at the surface ma! be compounded b! stress concentration such as rough spots. "hus,

shafts for use in high torsion are polished to a fine surface finish to reduce the maximum stress in

the shaft and increase their ser#ice life.

14142 B'%&/% &'

Cra6%haft !-%t be %tro eo-h to ta6e the dowward for.e of the power %tro6e

witho-t e;.e%%ive bedi %o the reliability ad life of the iteral .o!b-%tio eie deped

o the %treth of the .ra6%haft larely' The .ra6 pi i% li6e a b-ilt i bea! with a

di%trib-ted load alo it% leth that varie% with .ra6 po%itio%'

Ea.h web i% li6e a .atilever bea! %-b0e.ted to bedi ad twi%ti'

142 B'%&/% ,,'%

A >'%&/% ,,'% i% the rea.tio id-.ed i a %tr-.t-ral ele!et whe a

e;teral for.e or !o!et i% applied to the ele!et .a-%i the ele!et to bed' The !o%t

.o!!o or %i!ple%t %tr-.t-ral ele!et %-b0e.ted to bedi !o!et% i% the bea!' The

e;a!ple %how% a bea! whi.h i% %i!ply %-pported at both ed%' /i!ply %-pported !ea% that

ea.h ed of the bea! .a rotate, therefore ea.h ed %-pport ha% o bedi !o!et' The

ed% .a oly rea.t to the %hear load' 3ther bea!% .a have both ed% fi;ed, therefore ea.h

ed %-pport ha% both bedi !o!et ad %hear rea.tio load%' Bea!% .a al%o have oe ed

fi;ed ad oe ed %i!ply %-pported' The %i!ple%t type of bea! i% the .atilever, whi.h i%

fi;ed at oe ed ad i% free at the other ed "either %i!ple or fi;ed)' I reality, bea! %-pport%

are -%-ally either ab%ol-tely fi;ed or ab%ol-tely rotati freely.

14! T/+/% ,,'%'

There are !ay %o-r.e% of fail-re i the eie oe of the !o%t .o!!o .ra6%haft

fail-re i% fati-e at the fillet area% d-e to the bedi load .a-%e% by the .o!b-%tio' The

!o!et of .o!b-%tio the load fro! the pi%to i% tra%!itted to the .ra6pi, .a-%i a lare

bedi !o!et o the etire eo!etry of the .ra6%haft' At the root of the fillet area% %tre%%

.o.etratio% e;i%t ad the%e hih %tre%% rae lo.atio% are the poit% where .y.li. load%

.o-ld .a-%e fati-e .ra6 iitiatio leadi to fra.t-re'.a-%e% %hear %tre%%'

14? T*''/ %8+/+

Cra6%haft i% oe of the !o%t i!portat !ovi part% i iteral .o!b-%tio eie it

i% a lare .o!poet with a .o!ple; eo!etry i the eie, whi.h .overt% the

re.ipro.ati di%pla.e!et of the pi%to ito a rotary !otio' Thi% %t-dy wa% .od-.ted o a



fo-r .ylider 89 %tro6e die%el eie' It !-%t be %tro eo-h to ta6e the dowward for.e

d-ri power %tro6e witho-t e;.e%%ive bedi' /o the reliability ad life of iteral

.o!b-%tio eie deped o the %treth of the .ra6%haft larely' Ad a% the eie r-%,

the power i!p-l%e% hit the .ra6%haft i oe pla.e ad the aother'

The tor%ioal vibratio appear% whe a power i!p-l%e hit% a .ra6pi toward the frot of

the eie ad the power %tro6e ed%' If ot .otrolled, it .a brea6 the .ra6%haft' Jia &e

et al' aaly%ed .ra6%haft !odel ad .ra6 throw were .reated by CATIA %oftware ad the

i!ported to AN/Y/ %oftware'

The .ra6%haft defor!atio wa% !aily bedi defor!atio -der the lower fre1-e.y'

Ad the !a;i!-! defor!atio wa% lo.ated at the li6 betwee !ai beari 0o-ral,

.ra6pi ad .ra6 .hee6%' 5- Yi6-i et al' Re%ear.hed a three9di!e%ioal !odel of a

die%el eie .ra6%haft wa% e%tabli%hed by -%i >R3?E %oftware' U%i AN/Y/ aaly%i%

tool, it %how% that the hih %tre%% reio !aily .o.etrate% i the 6-.6le% of the .ra6 ar!

@ the !ai 0o-ral ad the .ra6 ar! @ .oe.ti rod 0o-ral ,whi.h i% the area !o%t ea%ily

bro6e' iaoro ho- et al' de%.ribed the %tre%% .o.etratio i %tati. aaly%i% of the

.ra6%haft !odel'

145 A==//%

The %tre%% .o.etratio i% !aily o..-rred i the fillet of %pidle e.6 ad the %tre%% of

the .ra6pi fillet i% al%o relatively lare' Ba%ed o the %tre%% aaly%i%, .al.-lati the fati-e

%treth of the .ra6%haft will be able to a.hieve the de%i re1-ire!et%' 4ro! the at-ral

fre1-e.ie% val-e%, it i% 6ow that the .ha.e of .ra6%haft re%oat i% -li6e' Thi% paper

deal% with the dya!i. aaly%i% of the whole .ra6%haft' 4ar<i H' &ota<er%adh et al'

ive%tiated fir%t dya!i. load aaly%i% of the .ra6%haft'

24 LITERATURE RE$IE<

Ri6le ar ad /-il Bahl' have bee aaly<ed .ra6%haft !odel ad .ra6 throw were



.reated by Catia#( /oftware ad the i!ported to AN/Y/ %oftware' The re%-lt %how% that

the i!prove!et i the %treth of the .ra6%haft a% the !a;i!-! li!it% of %tre%%, total

defor!atio, ad the %trai i% red-.ed' The weiht of the .ra6%haft i% red-.ed 'There by,

red-.e% the iertia for.e' A% the weiht of the .ra6%haft i% de.rea%ed thi% will de.rea%e the

.o%t of the .ra6%haft ad i.rea%e the I'C eie perfor!a.e' Abhi%he6.ho-bey, ad Ja!i

Brah!bhatt have bee aaly<ed .ra6%haft !odel ad +9di!etioal !odel of the .ra6%haft

were .reated by CATIA /oftware ad i!ported to AN/Y/ %oftware' The .ra6%haft

!a;i!-! defor!atio appear% at the .etre of .ra6pi e.6 %-rfa.e' The !a;i!-! %tre%%

appear% at the fillet% betwee the .ra6%haft 0o-ral% ad .ra6 .hee6% ad ear the .etral

poit 0o-ral' The ede of !ai 0o-ral i% hih %tre%% area' R' J' De%hbhratar, ad Y'R /-ple'

have bee aaly<ed 89 .ylider .ra6%haft ad !odel of the .ra6%haft were .reated by

CATIA /oftware ad the i!ported to AN/Y/ %oftware

The !a;i!-! defor!atio appear% at the .etre of .ra6%haft %-rfa.e' The !a;i!-!

%tre%% appear% at the fillet% betwee the .ra6%haft 0o-ral ad .ra6 .hee6%, ad ear the

.etral poit' The ede of !ai 0o-ral i% hih %tre%% area' The .ra6%haft defor!atio wa%

!aily bedi defor!atio -der the lower fre1-e.y' Ad the !a;i!-! defor!atio wa%

lo.ated at the li6 betwee !ai beari 0o-ral ad .ra6pi ad .ra6 .hee6%' /o thi% area

proe% to appear the bedi fati-e .ra.6

C'&' Bala!-r-a et al ha% bee %t-died the Co!p-ter aided &odelli ad 3pti!i<atio

of .ra6%haft ad .o!pare the fati-e perfor!a.e of two .o!peti !a-fa.t-ri

te.holoie% for a-to!otive .ra6%haft%, a!ely fored %teel ad d-.tile .a%t iro'

The Three di!e%ioal !odel of .ra6%haft were .reated by %olid ede %oftware ad the

i!ported to A%y% %oftware' The opti!i%atio pro.e%% i.l-ded eo!etry .hae% .o!patible

with the .-rret eie, fillet rolli ad re%-lt% i i.rea%ed fati-e %treth ad red-.ed

.o%t of the .ra6%haft, witho-t .hai .oe.ti rod ad eie blo.6' 5- Yi6-i, ho-

hibo' have bee di%.-%%ed a three9Di!e%ioal !odel of a die%el eie .ra6%haft were

e%tabli%hed by -%i >R3?E %oftware ad aalyti.al AN/Y/ /oftware tool, it %how% that the

hih %tre%% reio !aily .o.etrate% i the 6-.6le% of the .ra6 ar! @ the !ai 0o-ral

ad the .ra6 ar! @ .oe.ti rod 0o-ral ,whi.h i% the area !o%t ea%ily bro6e'

!4 METHODOLOGY

!41 "'&.' 3 ,& A%8+/+



*) 4ir%t, I have >repared >art de%i i .atia #( for .ra6%haft ad /ave a% thi% part a% '/T>

for E;porti ito A%y% :or6be.h Eviro!et' I!port '/T> &odel i AN/Y/

:or6be.h /i!-latio &od-le'

7) Apply &aterial for Cra6 /haft "%tr-.t-red %teel)'

&aterial Detail%

&aterial TypeF 9 /tr-.t-red /teel

Yo-G% &od-l-% 7E**

Eloatio ")F9*+

>oi%%o ratioF9'+

B-l6 &od-l-% *'KKKLE**

/hear &od-l-% L'KM7+*

!4141 +8+', '@./','%+

H&' R'@./','%

>ro.e%%or >eti-! "!i)

RA& 75B "!i)

Hard Di%6 K 5B "!i)

3perati /y%te! :idow% ba%ed

!42 CATIA

CATIA "Co!p-ter Aided Three9di!e%ioal Itera.tive Appli.atio) i% a !-lti9

platfor! CAD?CA&?CAE .o!!er.ial %oftware %-ite developed by the 4re.h .o!pay

A%%a-lt /y%te!%' :ritte i the C prora!!i la-ae, CATIA i% the .orer%toe of the

A%%a-lt /y%te!% prod-.t life.y.le !aae!et %oftware %-ite'

CATIA .o!pete% i the CAD?CA&?CAE !ar6et with /ie!e% N, >ro?E, A-tode%6

Ivetor, ad /olid Ede a% well a% !ay other%'

Developer"%) Da%%a-lt /y%te!%

/table relea%e #KR7**; ? Nove!ber 7+,

7*

3perati

%y%te!

Ui; ? :idow%

Type CAD %oftware

2i.e%e >roprietary:eb%ite :::'+d%'.o!

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_developer

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_software_categories

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_license

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_developer

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_software_categories

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_license



Detail% of CATIA

!4! HISTORY OF CATIA

CATIA %tarted a% a i9ho-%e develop!et i *MLL by 4re.h air.raft !a-fa.t-rer

Avio% &ar.el Da%%a-lt, at that ti!e .-%to!er of the CADA& CAD %oftware to develop

Da%%a-lt% &irae fihter 0et, the wa% adopted i the aero%pa.e, a-to!otive, %hipb-ildi,

ad other id-%trie%'

Iitially a!ed CATI "Co.eptio A%%i%ted Tridi!e%ioelle Itera.tive 9 4re.h for

Itera.tive Aided Three9di!e%ioal De%i) 9 it wa% rea!ed CATIA i *M*, whe

Da%%a-lt .reated a %-b%idiary to develop ad %ell the %oftware, ad %ied a o9e;.l-%ive

di%trib-tio aree!et with IB&'

I *M8, the Boei Co!pay .ho%e CATIA a% it% !ai +D CAD tool, be.o!i it%

lare%t .-%to!er'

I *M, CATIA ver%io + wa% ported fro! !aifra!e .o!p-ter% to UNI'

I *MM, 5eeral Dya!i.% Ele.tri. Boat Corp .ho%e CATIA a% it% !ai +D CAD

tool, to de%i the U'/' Navy% #iriia .la%% %-b!arie'

I *MM7, CADA& wa% p-r.ha%ed fro! IB& ad the e;t year CATIA CADA& #8wa% p-bli%hed' I *MMK, it wa% ported fro! oe to fo-r UNI operati %y%te!%, i.l-di

IB& AI, /ili.o 5raphi.% IRI, /- &i.ro%y%te!% /-3/ ad Hewlett9>a.6ard H>9U'

I *MM, a etirely rewritte ver%io of CATIA, CATIA #( wa% relea%ed, with

%-pport for UNI, :idow% NT ad :idow% > %i.e 7*'

I 7, Da%%a-lt ao-.ed ad relea%ed CATIA #K' :hile the %erver .a r- o

&i.ro%oft :idow%, 2i-; or AI, .liet %-pport for ay operati %y%te! other tha

&i.ro%oft :idow% i% dropped'

!4!41 R''+' H/+8

Na!e?#er%io 2ate%t B-ild N-!ber 3riial Relea%e Date 2ate%t Relea%e Date

CATIA v8 R7( *MM+ Ja-ary 7L

CATIA v( R7 *MM 4ebr-ary 7*

CATIA vK R7*7 7M?(?7 &ay 7**

ver%io% of CATIA

!4? ANSYS



AN/Y/ :or6be.h .o!bie% the %treth of o-r .ore %i!-latio tool% with the tool%

e.e%%ary to !aae yo-r pro0e.t%' Yo- will wor6 with yo-r AN/Y/ :or6be.h pro0e.t o

the !ai pro0e.t wor6%pa.e, .alled the >ro0e.t tab' The pro0e.t i% drive by a %.he!ati.

wor6flow, repre%eted vi%-ally o a flow.hart9li6e diara! .alled the >ro0e.t /.he!ati. To

b-ild a aaly%i%, yo- add b-ildi blo.6% .alled %y%te!% to the >ro0e.t /.he!ati.= ea.h

%y%te! i% a blo.6 of oe or !ore .o!poet% .alled .ell%, whi.h repre%et the %e1-etial

%tep% e.e%%ary for the %pe.ifi. type of aaly%i%' 3.e yo- have added yo-r %y%te!%, yo- .a

li6 the! toether to %hare ad?or tra%fer data betwee %y%te!%'

!45 ANSYS DATA

The main steps involved on Ansys are

Preference

Pre Processor

Solution

Post processor

Ea.h .a be e;plaied i detail a% below

"'3''%'+

I the fir%t %tep of the AN/Y/ the at-re of the aaly%i% i% to be de.ided' The vario-%

di%.iplie% o..-r i the AN/Y/ raphi. -%er iterfa.e are /tr-.t-ral, Ther!al, AN/Y/ 4l-id

ad 4lotra C4D'

"' ='++

The e;t %tep i the aaly%i% i% >re9pro.e%%or whi.h !aily i.l-de% the Defiitio of

the type of 4iite ele!et, Defiitio of the &aterial propertie%, !odelli of the proble!

!e%hi of the &odel'

S./%

The %ol-tio %tae of the AN/Y/ !aily i.l-de% Type of Aaly%i%, Appli.atio of the

bo-dary .oditio% ad load%' The %ol-tio !ethod i the AN/Y/ varie% fro! oe typeof

aaly%i% to aother type of aaly%i%'

"+ ='++

The AN/Y/ po%t pro.e%%or provide% a powerf-l tool for viewi re%-lt%' The po%t

pro.e%%or of the AN/Y/ i% !aily two type%

• 5eeral >o%t >ro.e%%or

• Ti!e Hi%tory po%t >ro.e%%or

The 5eeral >o%t >ro.e%%or i% !aily -%ed to view the followi Criterio'



• Read Re%-lt%

• >lot Re%-lt%

• 2i%t Re%-lt%

• O-ery Re%-lt%

• :rite Re%-lt%

• 4or Ele!etal Table

The Ti!e Hi%tory >o%t >ro.e%%or .o%i%t% of the followi &e- Ite!%

• #ariable #iewer

• 2i%t #ariable%

• 2i%t E;tre!e%

• 5raph #ariable%

• &ath 3peratio%

• Table 3peratio%

The %tr-.t-ral aaly%i% of the !odel !aily .la%%ified i to /tati. ad Dya!i. Aaly%e%'

Ea.h .a be e;plaied i detail below'

S/ A%8+/+

The Aaly%i% -%ed the behavio-r of %tr-.t-re% -der %tati. loadi .a be aaly<ed by

e!ployi differet type% of ele!et% withi AN/Y/' The at-re of the %tr-.t-re di.tate% the

type of ele!et% -tili<ed i the aaly%i%' Di%.rete or fra!ed /tr-.t-re% are %-itable for

!odelli with rod9 ad bea!9type ele!et%' However, the !odelli of .oti-o-%

%tr-.t-re% -%-ally re1-ire% a three di!e%ioal !odel with %olid ele!et%'

D8%,/ A%8+/+

The aaly%i% -%ed for the behavio-r of the %tr-.t-re% -der dya!i. loadi .a be

aaly%ed -%i Dya!i. Aaly%i%' It i.l-de% the deter!iatio of the &ode %hape%, at-ral

fre1-e.ie% ad a!plit-de% of vibratio% of the %tr-.t-ral !e!ber%' There are three

.o!!oly -%ed dya!i. aaly%i% type% i AN/Y/F

• &odal Aaly%i%'

• Har!oi. Aaly%i%'

• Tra%iet Aaly%i%'

M& A%8+/+

If the %tr-.t-ral vibratio i% of .o.er i the ab%e.e of ti!e9depedet e;teral load%,

a !odal aaly%i% i% perfor!ed' It i% i% -%ed to deter!ie the at-ral fre1-e.ie% ad !ode

%hape% 'The !ai %tep% ivolved i &odal Aaly%i% are ,K

•B-ild the !odel'

• Apply load% ad obtai the %ol-tio



• E;tra.t ad E;pad the !ode%'

• /olve ad Review the re%-lt%'

H,%/ A%8+/+

:he a %tr-.t-re i% %-b0e.ted to .y.li. loadi, the re%-lti re%po%e i% aaly<ed by

-%i Har!oi. Aaly%i%' It i% -%ed to deter!ie the a!plit-de of vibratio% of the %tr-.t-re'

The re%tri.tio% o a har!oi. aaly%i% areF

• All load% !-%t be %i-%oidal f-.tio% of ti!e'

• All load% !-%t have the %a!e fre1-e.y'

• The %tr-.t-re !-%t e;hibit liearly ela%ti. behavior "o eo!etri. ad !aterial

oliearitie%)'

The !ai %tep% ivolved i Har!oi. Aaly%i% are

• B-ild the !odel'

• Apply load% ad obtai the %ol-tio'

• Eter the load %tep 3ptio%

• /olve ad Review the re%-lt%'

T%+/'% A%8+/+

:he a %tr-.t-re i% %-b0e.ted to o9.y.li. tra%iet loadi , the re%-lti re%po%e .a

be aaly<ed by -%i Tra%iet Aaly%i%' It i% -%ed to deter!ie the A!plit-de% of the

di%pla.e!et at a parti.-lar ode a% a f-.tio of fre1-e.y -der har!oi. loadi'

The !ai %tep% ivolved i Tra%iet Aaly%i% are

• B-ild the !odel'

• /pe.ify iitial .oditio%'

• /pe.ify /ol-tio Cotrol% P

• Apply load% ad write 2oad /tep 4ile

• 3btai %ol-tio fro! 2oad /tep 4ile%'

• Review the Re%-lt%'

!46 M'/ =='/'+

The properties that need to be considered by designers when specifying

steel construction products are:

Strength

Toughness

Ductility

Weldability

http://www.steelconstruction.info/Steel_material_properties#Strength

http://www.steelconstruction.info/Steel_material_properties#Toughness

http://www.steelconstruction.info/Steel_material_properties#Ductility

http://www.steelconstruction.info/Steel_material_properties#Weldability

http://www.steelconstruction.info/Steel_material_properties#Strength


http://www.steelconstruction.info/Steel_material_properties#Ductility

http://www.steelconstruction.info/Steel_material_properties#Weldability



Durability.

*. S'%*

Yield strength

Yield strength is the most common property that the designer will

need as it is the basis used for most of the rules given in design codes . In

European Standards for structural carbon steels the primary designation

relates to the yield strength e.g. S!"" steel is a structural steel with a

speci#ed minimum yield strength of !"" $%mm&.

24 T.*%'++

It is in the nature of all materials to contain some imperfections. In

steel these imperfections ta'e the form of very small crac's. If the steel is

insu(ciently tough the )crac') can propagate rapidly without plastic

deformation and result in a )brittle fracture). The ris' of brittle fracture

increases with thic'ness tensile stress stress raisers and at colder

temperatures. The toughness of steel and its ability to resist brittle

fracture are dependent on a number of factors that should be considered

at the speci#cation stage. * convenient measure of toughness is the

+harpy ,-notch impact test

!4D.//8

D-.tility i% a !ea%-re of the deree to whi.h a !aterial .a %trai or eloate betwee the

o%et of yield ad evet-al fra.t-re -der te%ile loadi

The de%ier relie% o d-.tility for a -!ber of a%pe.t% of de%i, i.l-di redi%trib-tio of %tre%% at the -lti!ate li!it %tate, bolt ro-p de%i, red-.ed ri%6 of fati-e .ra.6 propaatio

ad i thefabri.atio pro.e%%e% of weldi, bedi ad %traihtei'

?4<'&>//8

All %tr-.t-ral %teel% are e%%etially weldable' However, weldi ivolve% lo.ally !elti

the %teel, whi.h %-b%e1-etly .ool%' The .ooli .a be 1-ite fa%t be.a-%e the %-rro-di

http://www.steelconstruction.info/Steel_material_properties#Durability

http://www.steelconstruction.info/Fatigue_design_of_bridges


http://www.steelconstruction.info/Fabrication#Fabrication_processes


http://www.steelconstruction.info/Welding


http://www.steelconstruction.info/Steel_material_properties#Durability







!aterial, e'' the bea!, offer% a lare heat %i6 ad the weld

i% -%-ally relatively %!all' Thi% .a lead to hardei of the heat affe.ted <oe "HA) ad to

red-.ed to-he%%' The reater the thi.6e%% of !aterial, the reater the red-.tio

of to-he%%'

54D.>//8

A f-rther i!portat property i% that of .orro%io prevetio' Altho-h %pe.ial .orro%io

re%i%tat %teel% are available the%e are ot or!ally -%ed i b-ildi .o%tr-.tio' The

e;.eptio to thi% i% weatheri %teel '

The !o%t .o!!o !ea% of providi .orro%io prote.tio to .o%tr-.tio %teel i%

by paiti or alvai<i' The type ad deree of .oati prote.tio re1-ired deped% o the

deree of e;po%-re, lo.atio, de%i life, et.'

?4 DESIGN AND MODAL ANALYSIS

?41 DESIGNING OF CRANKSHAFT IN CATIA

STE"1



http://www.steelconstruction.info/Corrosion_protection


http://www.steelconstruction.info/Weathering_steel



http://www.steelconstruction.info/Paint_coatings

http://www.steelconstruction.info/Metallic_coatings#Hot-dip_galvanizing





http://www.steelconstruction.info/Weathering_steel


http://www.steelconstruction.info/Paint_coatings




+---,'*%/ &'+/%----= &'+/%

STE"2

+'' % ;/+ =%' *'% 2D =%' >8 .+/% +:'*

STE"!

D /'+ /* '@./'& &/.+ %& & /%'+ 3, *' +,' /'9 *'% &=

*', % *' '@./'& */% /%' % *' >/' /'4



STE" ?

B8 .+/% %' ' @./' *' >' +*% /,' %& ';/ !& =%'9 ' /:

% ';/ :>'%* 4

STE"5

A&& ,'/ *' /,' >8 .+/% =& 9.= '@./'& */:%'++4



STE"6

D *' /' % *' '@./'& +.3' %& && ,'/ / >8 .+/% =& 4

STE"

& /' % *' = 3 *' +.3' /* '@./'& &/,'%+/%+9 ';8 ==+/' *'

='7/.+8 &% +.3' %& && ,'/ .+/% =& 4



STE"#

B8 .+/% '3''%' =%' 9 ' & %' =%' %& *'% >8 .+/% *' =' !&

' =' *' +:'* 1 %& && ,'/ >8 .+/% =&4

STE"

D %' =%' *'% =8 *' +:'* 2 %& =+' / % *' %' =%'4



STE" 10

N >8 .+/% =& ' && *' ,'/ *' +:'*4

STE" 11

C=8 *' +:'* 1 %& =+' / % *' %' =%' %& % ' *' @./'& /,' % %' 3 1#0 &'''+ %& && ,'/ / >8 .+/% =& 4



STE"12

N9 =8 *' +:'* ! %& =+' / % *' %' =%' %& &.+ / &/% .

'@./','%+ %& *'% && ,'/ .+/% *' =& 4

STE"1!

B8 .+/% *' =' !& =' *' +:'* ? % *' %' =%' %& % ' *'+:'* >8 .+/% *' /% ';8 1#0 &'''+4



STE" 1?

N & %' =%' %& =8 *' +:'*2 %& =+' / % *' =%' /* '@./'&

&/,'%+/%+4

STE" 15

N +'' *' =&+ ,'%/%'& % *' +='/3//% ''4



STE" 16

N >8 .+/% *' ,/ %& :/% *' %' =%' + *' '3''%' 9 *' /,'

% *' '3 *%& +/&' / =' % *' /* *%& +/&'4

STE" 1

S'' *' +:'* 2 %& & +, /' % / 3 '@./'& &/.+4 N ';/ :

>'%* %& *' ,'/ /% *' /. +*=' /+ ',7'& >8 .+/% *' =:' 4



STE" 1#

N >8 .+/% *' /. ='% *' '@./'& %.,>' 3 ='%+ % >' &% %

>* *' '%&+4

STE" 1 <' ==8 *' '@./'& ,'/ *' %:+*3 >8 .+/% *' “==8 ,'/” 4



STE" 20 -

B' /7'% =/.'/,' +*+ *' 7/'+ 3 *' %:+*34



?42 MODAL ANALYSIS OF CRANKSHAFT IN ANSYS

STE" 1 -

/: % *' ,& :>'%* % *' %+8+ /%& %& & / % *' /* +/&'4

STE" 2 -T /,= *' %:+*3 &'+/% /% %+8+4



STE" ! -

A3' /,=/% *' '@./'& >.%&8 %&//%+ ' ==/'&4

STE" ? -N ' /: % +7' %& ' *' +./%4



STE" 5 -

<' % >/, *' ,;/,., +'++ %& *' ,/% +'++ % *' %:+*34

5 4RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS



In this paper the cran'shaft model was created by +*TI* ,"

software. then the model created by +*TI* was imported to *$SYS

software and modal analysis was done.

Result Table:-

/l o No of !ode% defor!atio 4re1-e.y

. total

defor!atio *Q

/."0012 $%&.$%

3. total

defor!atio 7

/.0/4!1 ''.$

!. totaldefor!atio +

/.44520 .&$

4. total

defor!atio 8

/.0"1/2 &*$.+

". total

defor!atio (

/."4/!" +&.%'

• *bove 6esults Shows the highest deformation and the point where there is

high fre7uency. The ma8imum deformation appears at the center of cran'pin

nec' surface. The ma8imum stress appears at the #llets between the

cran'shaft 9ournal and cran' chee's and near the central point ournal. Theedge of main 9ournal is high stress area.

• After >erfor!i ;odal *nalysis I <erformed static analysis of the cran'shaft

which results shows less realistic whereas static analysis provides an

overestimate results. *ccurate stresses and deformation are critical input to

fatigue analysis and optimi=ation of the cran'shaft.

• During the analysis we found that as the load increases the fre7uency also

increases and the de#ormation randomly increases or decreases.

• *nalysis 6esults. So we can Say that ;>D*? @E* is a good tool to reduce

+ostly e8perimental wor'.

The frequency graph for the deformations





64CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCO"E

. The critical components are modeled and analy=ed in @E* software toevaluate the natural fre7uencies of the cran'shaft and estimate the

vibration characteristics of the same. Aut to design the critical

components the designer should bear in mind that considerable heat is

generated during the wor'ing of the critical components li'e the

cran'shaft and the connecting rod.3. The dynamic analysis should also be carried out to compute the

ma8imum stresses and the points and conditions for failure of the

same.!. ;oreover the critical components are designed ta'ing into

consideration the properties of one particular material structured steel.

The design of the critical components can also be accomplished by

considering materials apart from the one considered in this

dissertation.4. Ay increasing the design si=e of cran'shaft which is of four cylinder to

multi cylinder engine and by using the latest material used in design

we can understand more reliable.". The values that are generated by sub9ecting diBerent loads are 'ept as

a reference and compare them with the diBerent material which may

give the researchers to achieve the optimum design in the future.



4 REFERENCES-

14C'&'Bala!-r-a',R'$ri%hara0',Dr'&'/a6thive'l,$'$athave'l ,Deepa&ar-da.hala!&

'5',R'>alai',7** Co!p-ter Aided &odeli ad 3pti!i<atio of Cra6%haft,

GGIteratioal Jo-ral of /.ietifi. @ Eieeri Re%ear.h #ol-!e 7, I%%-e I//N 777M9

((*

2' Y- Di ad iaobo 2i',7**, Cra6%haft /treth Aaly%i% of a Die%el Eie U%i

4iite Ele!et &ethod,S A%ia9>a.ifi. >ower ad Eery Eieeri Cofere.e

!' Jia &e', Yo1i 2i-', R-i;ia 2i-',7**,4iite Ele!et Aaly%i% of 89Cylider

Die%el Cra6%haft, S I'J' I!ae, 5raphi.% ad /ial >ro.e%%i, (, 7797M

?' &EN5 Jia', 2IU Yo91i', 2IU R-i9;ia', ad HEN5 Bi',7**,Ite%io Aaly%i%

of +9D 4iite Ele!et Aaly%i% o + die%el .ra6%haft,S Iteratioal Cofere.e o

Co!p-tatioal ad Ifor!atio /.ie.e%

5' Y- 5o<h'i, Y- Holia', D-a /h-li', 7**, Cra6%haft Dya!i. /treth Aaly%i%

for &arie Die%el Eie,S Third Iteratioal Cofere.e o &ea%-ri Te.holoy ad&e.hatroi.% A-to!atio'

6' 5- Yi6-i, ho- hibo',7**,/treth Aaly%i% of Die%el Eie Cra6%haft Ba%ed o

>R3?E ad AN/Y/,S Die%el Eie Cra6%haft Ba%ed o >R3?E ad AN/Y/,S ad

&e.hatroi.% A-to!atio

' iaoro ho-', 5awei Cai', h-a ha' ho1i Che', 7M, Aaly%i% o

Dya!i. Chara.teri%ti.% of Iteral Co!b-%tio Eie Cra6%haft /y%te!,S Iteratioal

Cofere.e o &ea%-ri Te.holoy ad &e.hatroi.% A-to!atio'

#' 4ar<i H' &ota<er%adh ad Ali 4ate!i', 7L,Dya!i. 2oad ad /tre%% Aaly%i% of

a Cra6%haft,S /AE Te.hi.al >aper No' *7(, /o.iety of A-to!otive Eieer%



i

Documents

Design and Analysis of Crankshaft