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Retinoic Acid Retinoic Acid Signaling PathwaySignaling Pathway
By: Taylor JohnsonBy: Taylor Johnson
Developmental BiologyDevelopmental Biology
Fact
Retinol is derived from Vitamin A, Retinol is derived from Vitamin A, which can be found in foods such as which can be found in foods such as Squash, Pumpkins, and carrots.Squash, Pumpkins, and carrots.
FactFact
Retinoic Acid is essential in Retinoic Acid is essential in development of the heart, lungs and development of the heart, lungs and kidneys (Duester).kidneys (Duester).
It also functions in the development of It also functions in the development of the embryonic brain and the spinal the embryonic brain and the spinal cord (Duester).cord (Duester).
FactFact
Retinoic Acid plays an essential role in Retinoic Acid plays an essential role in the development of the limbs and the development of the limbs and retina.retina.
So it’s true what they say about eating So it’s true what they say about eating carrots for good eyesight……carrots for good eyesight……
FactsFacts
Too little Retinoic Acid can result in Too little Retinoic Acid can result in craniofacial deformities such as cleft craniofacial deformities such as cleft palate.palate.
Cleft Palate occurs between the fourth Cleft Palate occurs between the fourth and eighth week of pregnancy (Seattle).and eighth week of pregnancy (Seattle).
About 1 in 1000 babies are born with About 1 in 1000 babies are born with cleft palate (Seattle).cleft palate (Seattle).
Pathway Pathway IllustrationIllustration
Embryonic Cell
Nucleus
Alcohol Dehydrogenase
Retinaldehyde Dehydrogenase 2
Retinol enters the cell.
ADH converts the Retinol into Retinaldehyde.
Retinol
Retinaldehyde
RALDH2 converts RALD to Retinoic Acid.
Retinoic Acid
RALD
Retinoic Acid is membrane permeable
Cell Membrane
CRABP
CRABP “grabs” RA as it enters the cell.
Embryonic Target Cell
CRABP takes RA into the nucleus.
RARE DNA binding site
Target Cell
R
X
R
R
A
R
RARE DNA binding site
RA binds to the receptors in the nucleus.
Target Cell
Non Responding Cell
CYP26
In non-responding cells, CYP26 degrades RA.
Degraded RA
ReferencesReferences "Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate | Seattle Children's Hospital." "Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate | Seattle Children's Hospital." Seattle Children's Hospital - World Class Child Health Seattle Children's Hospital - World Class Child Health
Care | Seattle Children's HospitalCare | Seattle Children's Hospital. Seattle Children's Hospital. Web. 13 Oct. 2011. . Seattle Children's Hospital. Web. 13 Oct. 2011. <http://www.seattlechildrens.org/medical-conditions/chromosomal-genetic-conditions/cleft-lip-palate/>.<http://www.seattlechildrens.org/medical-conditions/chromosomal-genetic-conditions/cleft-lip-palate/>.
Maden, Malcom. "Access : Retinoid Signalling in the Development of the Central Nervous System : Nature Maden, Malcom. "Access : Retinoid Signalling in the Development of the Central Nervous System : Nature Reviews Neuroscience." Reviews Neuroscience." Nature Publishing Group : Science Journals, Jobs, and InformationNature Publishing Group : Science Journals, Jobs, and Information. Nature, Nov. 2002. . Nature, Nov. 2002. Web. 13 Oct. 2011. <http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v3/n11/full/nrn963.html>.Web. 13 Oct. 2011. <http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v3/n11/full/nrn963.html>.
Duester, Gregg. "Cell : Retinoic Acid Synthesis and Signaling during Early Organogenesis." Duester, Gregg. "Cell : Retinoic Acid Synthesis and Signaling during Early Organogenesis." ScienceDirect - ScienceDirect - HomeHome. Science Direct, 19 Sept. 2008. Web. 13 Oct. 2011. . Science Direct, 19 Sept. 2008. Web. 13 Oct. 2011. <http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867408011215><http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867408011215>
Key
Cell Membrane
Retinoic Acid
Retinol
Degraded Retinoic Acid
Cytochrome P450
Alcohol Dehydrogenase
Retinaldehyde Dehydrogenase 2
Retinoid X Receptor
Retinoic Acid Receptor
Retinaldehyde
Cellular Retinoic Acid Binding Protein
Retinoic Acid Receptor Enzyme