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Developing Freight Performance Measures At U.S. Canadian Border Crossings
Bruce Lambert
Federal Highway AdministrationOffice of Freight Management and Operations3
We all support:
Verifying the nature of traffic flows across borders and their linkages to supply chains, commodities and routing
Applying findings and data to national policy and local planning studies
Providing output to state, local, and industry partners
Extending coverage & doing concurrent (complimentary) R&D with Canada & Mexico
Federal Highway AdministrationOffice of Freight Management and Operations4
Performance Measures
Performance Measures provide mechanism for understanding system performance.
Given limited budgets, etc., another tool for informing investment decisions at a national, state or local level.
The Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) of 1993 requires U.S. federal agencies to compare program goals against outcomes.
Federal Highway AdministrationOffice of Freight Management and Operations5
Measuring Improvements in the Movement of Highway and Intermodal Freight - Summary
Cost of highway freight per ton-mile,Cargo insurance rates,Point-to-point travel times on selected freight-significant highways,Hours of delay per 1,000 vehicle miles on selected freight-significant highways,Crossing times at international borders,Condition of connectors between NHS and intermodal terminals,Customer satisfaction.
Federal Highway AdministrationOffice of Freight Management and Operations6
Tracking Changes in Travel Times & Speeds by Location Can Provide:
Identification of General Bottlenecks & Impediments
Understanding of Corridor Flows
Changes by Corridor (annually, seasonal, monthly, daily)
Model Calibration Data
Federal Highway AdministrationOffice of Freight Management and Operations7
Four Related Efforts on Performance Measurements and Border Crossings
2001 Border Review Assessment
Border Wizard
Transport Canada Border Crossing Study
Travel Time in Freight Significant Corridors
Federal Highway AdministrationOffice of Freight Management and Operations8
2001 Border Reviews:Assessment of 7 International Border Crossings
Selected 7 Border Crossings (4 along Canadian Border, and 3 along the Mexican Border)
Data collection was accomplished by reviewers noting license plates at the queuing point in exporting country and clearance point in importing country on release from primary)
One time study but provided useful data
Report is available at http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/freight
Federal Highway AdministrationOffice of Freight Management and Operations9
Border Crossing Study – 7 Crossings inbound into U.S.
Average Time Buffer Index
U.S. – Canadian BridgesAmbassador 21 66% Blaine 17 106%Blue Water 34 135%Peace 23 257%U.S. – Mexican BridgesEl Paso 37 108%Laredo 31 76%Otay Mesa 35 84%
Federal Highway AdministrationOffice of Freight Management and Operations10
Border Wizard
Cross Cutting Federal Agency Work – FHWA, GSA, Customs and Border Protection
Simulation tool to Coordinate Improvements at border crossings
Linkages to other models to examine transportation activities at border crossings
Federal Highway AdministrationOffice of Freight Management and Operations11
Transport Canada - Border Wait-Time Project
TC staff with industry cooperation used existing truck fleet GPS to estimate wait-times at the U.S./Canadian border. The singular purpose was to demonstrate that GPS-generated Tractor
logs are a productive and potentially abundant source of empirical data on wait-times and congestion patterns.
All carrier/shipper/consignment identifiers have been scrubbed from the source data. Only a fragment of the trip/tractor log has been compiled for analysis.
The results to be used for working purposes only, in an effort to further expand related R&D efforts of mutual interest to government agencies and the trucking industry.
The results will not be used under any circumstances to monitor or audit a carrier’s operating practice.
Federal Highway AdministrationOffice of Freight Management and Operations12
Tracking System/Service Options Considered in Canadian Study
Two Technology Options Explored – CanCom Satellite system Truck-mounted GPS-units
Both are similar in many respects – realtime, polling, etc. One functional difference is of particular relevance to this study: CanCom position polling done via traditional satellite triangulation
typically at 1hr. intervals, the frequency can be increased, but only at considerable cost
GPS units generate polls, with time-stamp & lat/long coordinates, every 1-2 miles (in this instance), depending on speed
units can be programmed to initiate polls at specific locations, or set of lat/long coordinates.
Border Zone Schematic
Example for US-bound traffic
Zone 3 (ON) Zone 2 (ON) Zone 1 (ON) Zone 1 (MI)
Bridge Crossing
i.e. Border Crossing Zone
Transit Zone
Transit Zone = Zone 3 (ON) to Zone 1 (ON)
Border Crossing Zone = Zone 1 (ON) to Zone 1 (MI)
Total Crossing Time (TCT) = Transit Zone Time + B. Crossing Zone Time
Border Crossing Time (BCT) = B. Crossing Zone Time
Bluewater Bridge (MI) Average Crossing Times by Weekday
024
68
1012
1416
TCT BCT
Bluewater Bridge (MI) Average Crossing Times by Month
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
TCT BCT
Bluewater Bridge (ON) Average Crossing Times by Month
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Avg. TCT Avg. BCT
Bluewater Bridge (ON) Average Crossing Times by Weekday
0
5
10
1520
25
30
35
40
Avg. TCT Avg. BCT
TCT = Total Crossing Time BCT = Border Crossing Time
Federal Highway AdministrationOffice of Freight Management and Operations15
The DOT FPM – Travel Time In Freight Significant Corridors
Study on Travel Time supports two freight performance measures for FHWA and USDOT: Global connectivity Travel time freight significant corridors
Submit annual number(s) at end of fiscal year.
Federal Highway AdministrationOffice of Freight Management and Operations16
Steps in Travel Time Study
Identification of Freight-Significant Corridors
Select Appropriate Performance Measures
Examine Optimal Tracking System
Work with Test Carriers to estimate alpha results
Extend work in Beta Test to one day of “real time” data
Develop GIS and data integration steps to improve data quality and coverage
Federal Highway AdministrationOffice of Freight Management and Operations17
Selecting an Optimal Tracking System
Technologies Considered (must be physically related to the truck):Satellite-Based SystemsTerrestrial Wireless SystemsHybrid Systems On-Board Systems Fixed-Site Systems
Federal Highway AdministrationOffice of Freight Management and Operations18
Selected Tracking System: Satellite
Determined to provide the greatest utility for developing and tracking FPMs
Use existing technology
Data collected by trucks
Can collect data on non instrumented segments
Extensive National Coverage
Untapped dataset by public agencies
Federal Highway AdministrationOffice of Freight Management and Operations20
Federal Highway AdministrationOffice of Freight Management and Operations21
Federal Highway AdministrationOffice of Freight Management and Operations22
Next Steps on Border Crossings Being Considered in Travel Time Study
Match Terrestrial Systems with Satellites Technology Geofencing corridors around Border Crossings (30 miles?) Matching flows with positions through the Border Examining more detailed, local data for calibration
purposes
Need to retain the queue functions and connection to corridors –total time versus border clearance time
Reality - There will be a time component to cross borders, as certain functions must, and can only be done, at the border facility.
What can we do:
1. Manage Expectations
2. Improve System Operations
3. Increase Predictability /Reliability
Federal Highway AdministrationOffice of Freight Management and Operations24
What Measures Do We Need, and
How Do We Develop DataDo We want a common data (performance measure) for all segments of the border relevant for all users?
Can We work with inspection agencies on data and joint performance measures?
Can We agree on the appropriate metrics? Average Travel Time by direction, day, and crossing Buffer Index or reliability
Can We develop data exchange programs using existing technologies on both sides of the border?
Can We develop the Public-Private Partnerships necessary for using truck based information?
Federal Highway AdministrationOffice of Freight Management and Operations25
Your Involvement – Some Next Steps
Principle Costs - Programming Systems and Procuring data
Who leads in coordinating efforts?
Do We have the patience to develop data and research tools through a steady incremental effort? Time to access, collect, calibrate data with industry support Time to accumulate data for benchmarking
Could We develop/disseminate data and travel time estimates, with a goal of ultimately sharing real time data?
Can We focus on infrastructure needs, not only on inspection processing at facilities – not a me versus them? Is there a candidate corridor/facility to examine?
Federal Highway AdministrationOffice of Freight Management and Operations26
Summary
Available tracking technologies are a rich, untapped source of empirical data on track operations.Several studies demonstrate a technical proof of concept - now want to move to an implementing/operating phase. We can work together to develop common data (performance measures) on travel time through border facilities and share work with peers and industry partners.We can integrate data collection and analysis across many applications and jurisdictions.We can nurture joint-venture efforts between partners (FHWA, TC, States/Provinces, Trucking firms, etc.).
FHWA Office of Freight Management and Operations, USDOT
http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/freight
Bruce Lambert
202-366-4241